Publications

hexaplex pcr for rapid detection of virulence factors.	pcr technology has emerged as a basic tool in biological research and in the detection of infectious organisms. it has the potential to provide information on a number of toxins and virulence factors, as well as allowing species identification of pathogens. multiplex pcr assays are becoming prevalent for the simultaneous detection of toxins, virulence factors and pathogens in clinical and environmental specimens. this review will discuss the hexaplex pcr assay, its application and future directi ...	2003	14628905
novel type of specialized transduction for ctx phi or its satellite phage rs1 mediated by filamentous phage vgj phi in vibrio cholerae.	the main virulence factor of vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin, is encoded by the ctxab operon, which is contained in the genome of the lysogenic filamentous phage ctx phi. this phage transmits ctxab genes between v. cholerae bacterial populations that express toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), the ctx phi receptor. in investigating new forms of ctxab transmission, we found that v. cholerae filamentous phage vgj phi, which uses the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) pilus as a receptor, transmi ...	2003	14645284
the role of camp as a primary and secondary messenger in interactions between micro- and macroorganisms studied in the model of pathology related to immunodeficiency and extensive cell dehydration.		2003	14650869
comparative genome analysis of vibrio vulnificus, a marine pathogen.	the halophile vibrio vulnificus is an etiologic agent of human mortality from seafood-borne infections. we applied whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis to investigate the evolution of this pathogen. the genome of biotype 1 strain, v. vulnificus yj016, was sequenced and includes two chromosomes of estimated 3377 kbp and 1857 kbp in size, and a plasmid of 48,508 bp. a super-integron (si) was identified, and the si region spans 139 kbp and contains 188 gene cassettes. in contrast to non ...	2003	14656965
prevalence of cholera toxin genes (ctxa and zot) among non-o1/o139 vibrio cholerae strains from newport bay, california.	the examination of 137 non-o1/o139 vibrio cholerae isolates from newport bay, california, indicated the presence of diverse genotypes and a temporal succession. unexpectedly, the cholera toxin gene (ctxa) was found in 17% of the strains, of which one-third were also positive for the zot gene. this suggests that ctxa is prevalent in the region of nonepidemicity and is likely to have an environmental origin.	2003	14660411
comparison of the structure and regulation of the udp gene of vibrio cholerae, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli.	the nucleotide sequences of the udp gene encoding uridine phosphorylase of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and vibrio cholerae are presented and compared with the udp sequences of salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. both genes contain 759 bases and encode a 253 amino acid polypeptide, which is the same as for e. coli and s. typhimurium. the amino acid sequence derived from s. typhimurium gene was more similar to the derived e. coli sequence, with only a 7 amino acid difference. the y. pseud ...	2003	14499937
construction and evaluation of a safe, live, oral vibrio cholerae vaccine candidate, iem108.	iem101, a vibrio cholerae o1 el tor ogawa strain naturally deficient in ctxphi, was previously selected as a live cholera vaccine candidate. to make a better and safer vaccine that can induce protective immunity against both the bacteria and cholera toxin (ct), a new vaccine candidate, iem108, was constructed by introducing a ctxb gene and an el tor-derived rstr gene into iem101. the ctxb gene codes for the protective antigen ctb subunit, and the rstr gene mediates phage immunity. the stable exp ...	2003	14500467
the global regulator arca modulates expression of virulence factors in vibrio cholerae.	a vibrio cholerae arca mutant was constructed and used to examine the role of the global anaerobiosis response regulator arca in the expression of virulence factors in this important human pathogen. in v. cholerae, expression of the major virulence factors cholera toxin (ct) and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) is regulated by the transcriptional activator toxt. toxt expression, in turn, is controlled by the transmembrane dna binding proteins toxr and tcpp. in the v. cholerae arca mutant, although ...	2003	14500477
current immunizations for travel.	international travelers may be at risk from a variety of potentially severe and life-threatening infections. some of these diseases are preventable, and vaccination remains a cornerstone of travel medicine. vaccines that are important for international travel are reviewed, in a succinct update based on the most recent literature.	2003	14501987
probing control of glucose feeding in vibrio cholerae cultivations.	infection with vibrio cholerae is a significant problem in many developing countries. cultivation of v. cholerae is used in production of cholera toxin b subunit, which is a component in a cholera vaccine. fed-batch cultivations with v. cholerae in defined media have been conducted and reproducible results were obtained. a probing feeding strategy developed by akesson for escherichia coli cultivations has been tested. the strategy is working as well for v. cholerae as for e. coli in minimizing t ...	2003	14505000
electron ionization mass spectrometric study of monomeric models of o-polysaccharides of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotypes ogawa and inaba.	fragmentation mechanisms of electron ionization (ei) mass spectrometry of the title compounds have been elucidated by high-resolution (hr) mass spectrometric measurements of the elemental composition and measurements of the metastable transitions (b(2)/e, cid). the experimental results were interpreted with the help of mass frontier 3.0 software, which aided the elucidation of fragmentation mechanisms and helped to deduce structures of the ions formed. characteristic under the conditions of ei-m ...	2003	14505319
quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae.	multiple quorum-sensing circuits function in parallel to control virulence and biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae. in contrast to other bacterial pathogens that induce virulence factor production and/or biofilm formation at high cell density in the presence of quorum-sensing autoinducers, v. cholerae represses these behaviours at high cell density. consistent with this, we show here that v. cholerae strains 'locked' in the regulatory state mimicking low cell density are enhanced for biofilm pr ...	2003	14507367
emergence and re-emergence of vibrio cholerae 0139: an epidemiological study during 1993-2002 at nagpur, central india.	the pattern of vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139 isolates at indira gandhi medical college and mayo general hospital, nagpur from 1993 to 2002 is presented. emergence of the novel serotype 0139 in 1993 was followed by periods of quiescence and re-emergence. for the first time after 1993, the 0139 isolates out numbered 01 isolates in 2001. the peculiar epidemiological pattern is compared with other reports.	2003	14510347
persistence of adhesive properties in vibrio cholerae after long-term exposure to sea water.	the effect of exposure to artificial sea water (asw) on the ability of classical vibrio cholerae o1 cells to interact with chitin-containing substrates and human intestinal cells was studied. incubation of vibrios in asw at 5 degrees c and 18 degrees c resulted in two kinds of cell responses: the viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state (i.e. <0.1 colony forming unit ml-1) at 5 degrees c, and starvation (i.e. maintenance of culturability of the population) at 18 degrees c. the latter remained rod ...	2003	14510838
concurrent infection with s.typhi and v. cholerae--a case report".	an eight year old male child presented with symptoms of diarrhoea, vomiting & fever with signs of moderate dehydration. he was treated with tetracyline and fluid replacement therapy. inspite of treatment and control of diarrhoea and vomiting patient developed gastrointestinal bleeding and tenesmus with continued fever. deterioration in patient's condition to suspicion of another infection. high level of suspicion and appropriate microbial investigations revealed dual infection with s. typhi and ...	2003	14514270
reemergence of epidemic vibrio cholerae o139, bangladesh.	during march and april 2002, a resurgence of vibrio cholerae o139 occurred in dhaka and adjoining areas of bangladesh with an estimated 30,000 cases of cholera. patients infected with o139 strains were much older than those infected with o1 strains (p<0.001). the reemerged o139 strains belong to a single ribotype corresponding to one of two ribotypes that caused the initial o139 outbreak in 1993. unlike the strains of 1993, the recent strains are susceptible to trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, a ...	2003	14519249
role of ectoine in vibrio cholerae osmoadaptation.	vibrio cholerae is both an intestinal pathogen and a microbe in the estuarine community. to persist in the estuarine environment, v. cholerae must adjust to changes in ionic composition and osmolarity. these changes in the aquatic environment have been correlated with cholera epidemics. in this work, we study the response of v. cholerae to increases in environmental osmolarity. optimal growth of v. cholerae in minimal medium requires supplementation with 200 mm nacl and kcl. however, when the na ...	2003	14532045
molecular subtyping of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in hong kong: correlation with epidemiological events from 1994 to 2002.	two hundred twenty isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 collected from 1994 to 2002 in hong kong were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). chromosomal dnas from all v. cholerae isolates in agarose plugs were digested with the restriction enzyme noti, resulting in 20 to 27 bands. sixty distinctive pfge patterns in the range of 10 to 300 kb were noted among 213 isolates typeable by pfge. by comparing the common pfge patterns obtained from four well-defined outbreaks of v. choler ...	2003	14532174
etiology of acute diarrhea in adults in southwestern nigeria.	stool specimens from 113 adult outpatients with diarrhea in southwestern nigeria and 63 controls were examined for bacterial and parasitic enteric pathogens. enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) (p < 0.02), enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec) (p < 0.02), and entamoeba histolytica (p < 0.0002) were significantly associated with diarrhea. salmonella, shigella, nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae, other categories of diarrheagenic e. coli, as well as a variety of helminths were recovered more frequently ...	2003	14532177
genotypic analyses of vibrio parahaemolyticus and development of a pandemic group-specific multiplex pcr assay.	a total of 54 vibrio parahaemolyticus strains including pandemic o3:k6 strains and newly emerged o4:k68, o1:k25, o1:k26, and o1:k untypeable strains (collectively referred to as the "pandemic group") were examined for their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) profiles and for the presence or absence of genetic marker dna sequences, toxrs/new or orf8, that had been reported elsewhere to be specific for the pandemic group. both pfge and ap-pcr analyses indic ...	2003	14532202
mutation in tcpr gene (vc0832) of vibrio cholerae o1 causes loss of tolerance to high osmolarity and affects colonization and virulence in infant mice.	vibrio cholerae, the agent of cholera, multiplies and colonizes human intestinal tract where it survives high osmolarity due to bile and other sodium salts. in this work, by tnphoa mutagenesis, a mutant of v. cholerae o1 which could not grow and form colonies on lb agar containing 400 mm nacl has been characterized. the mutant, designated cd83, adhered normally to freshly isolated rabbit intestinal discs, colonized poorly the gut of infant mice and was avirulent in the same model, whereas the pa ...	2003	14532336
alpha-2,6-sialylation of l-pha reactive oligosaccharides and expression of n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase v in human diffuse large b cell lymphoma.	cell surface sialylation and beta1-6 branching of l-pha reactive oligosaccharides play an important role in metastatic capacities of various tumor cell lines. we analyzed the expression and sialylation of l-pha reactive oligosaccharides in human diffuse large b cell lymphoma (dlbcl). dlbcl was grouped into three types; i). group a, non-reactive type with no expression of l-pha reactive oligosaccharides, ii). group b, sialylated type with expression of sialylated l-pha reactive oligosaccharides a ...	2003	14534692
quorum sensing-dependent biofilms enhance colonization in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. by an incompletely understood developmental process, v. cholerae forms complex surface-associated communities called biofilms. here we show that quorum sensing-deficient mutants of v. cholerae produce thicker biofilms than those formed by wild-type bacteria. microarray analysis of biofilm-associated bacteria shows that expression of the vibrio polysaccharide synthesis (vps) operons is enhanced in hapr mutants. cqsa, one of ...	2003	14536065
crystal structure of the extracellular protein secretion ntpase epse of vibrio cholerae.	type ii secretion systems consist of an assembly of 12-15 gsp proteins responsible for transporting a variety of virulence factors across the outer membrane in several pathogenic bacteria. in vibrio cholerae, the major virulence factor cholera toxin is secreted by the eps type ii secretion apparatus consisting of 14 eps proteins. one of these, epse, is a cytoplasmic putative ntpase essential for the functioning of the eps system and member of the gspe subfamily of type ii secretion atpases. the ...	2003	14556751
macrophage distinguishes vibrio cholerae hemolysin from its protease insensitive oligomer by time dependent and selective expression of cd80-cd86.	the monomeric and oligomeric forms of vibrio cholerae hemolysin (hlya), a membrane damaging toxin that forms transmembrane pentameric diffusion channels in target eukaryotic membrane, show a pronounced difference in protease susceptibility, presumably due to masking of sensitive peptide bonds during oligomerization. in this work, we examined if resistance of a protein to proteolytic processing affects the expression of costimulatory molecules, cd80 and cd86, on macrophage exposed to the same ant ...	2003	14556971
re-emergence of vibrio cholerae o139 in pakistan: report from a tertiary care hospital.	this study reports re-emergence of vibrio cholerae o139 in pakistan in 2000-2001 from a tertiary care hospital in karachi, pakistan.	2003	14558737
lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae. i. physical and chemical characterization.	vibrio cholerae is the causative organism of the disease cholera. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of v. cholerae plays an important role in eliciting the antibacterial immune response of the host and in classifying the vibrios into some 200 or more serogroups. this review presents an account of our up-to-date knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of the three constituents, lipid-a, core-polysaccharide (core-ps) and o-antigen polysaccharide (o-ps), of the lps of v. cholerae of diffe ...	2003	14559113
ion motive force dependence of protease secretion and phage transduction in vibrio cholerae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	vibrio cholerae is known to secrete a large number of proteins into the extracellular milieu, including the important virulence factor cholera toxin (ct). however, one of the most abundant proteins found in v. cholerae supernatants is the zinc-metalloprotease ha/protease (hap). whereas efficient protein secretion in escherichia coli requires atp hydrolysis and the proton motive force (pmf), little is known about the energy requirements for protein secretion in v. cholerae. to analyze some of the ...	2003	14568149
identification of genes involved in the switch between the smooth and rugose phenotypes of vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae can switch to a 'rugose' phenotype characterized by an exopolysaccharide (eps) matrix, wrinkled colony morphology, increased biofilm formation and increased survival under specific conditions. the vps gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of the rugose eps (reps) is positively regulated by vpsr. we recently identified media (apw#3) promoting eps production and the rugose phenotype and found epidemic strains switch at a higher frequency than non-pathogenic strains, suggest ...	2003	14568156
differential interaction of the two cholesterol-dependent, membrane-damaging toxins, streptolysin o and vibrio cholerae cytolysin, with enantiomeric cholesterol.	membrane cholesterol is essential to the activity of at least two structurally unrelated families of bacterial pore-forming toxins, represented by streptolysin o (slo) and vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc), respectively. here, we report that slo and vcc differ sharply in their interaction with liposome membranes containing enantiomeric cholesterol (ent-cholesterol). vcc had very low activity with ent-cholesterol, which is in line with a stereospecific mode of interaction of this toxin with cholest ...	2003	14572629
antimicrobial interactions of microbial species involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima with particular reference to the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on enteric pathogens.	lactic acid bacteria, bacillus species and yeasts are involved in the fermentation of cassava dough into agbelima. microbial interactions within and between these groups of microorganisms were investigated in addition to the survival of five enteric pathogens inoculated into agbelima under various conditions. nine out of 10 cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated at the end of agbelima fermentation showed inhibitory effect against 10 cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated at the start of fe ...	2003	14580972
filming bacteria.		2003	14583737
cholera vaccine candidate 638: intranasal immunogenicity and expression of a foreign antigen from the pulmonary pathogen coccidioides immitis.	vibrio cholerae strain 638 is a live genetically attenuated candidate cholera vaccine in which the ctxphi prophage encoding cholera toxin has been deleted and hapa, encoding an extracellular zn-dependent metalloprotease, was insertionally inactivated. strain 638 was highly immunogenic when inoculated to adult swiss mice by the intranasal route as judged by the induction of a strong serum vibriocidal antibody response. a side-by-side comparison of strain 638 with its isogenic hapa(+) precursor (s ...	2003	14585681
functionality of enterococci in dairy products.	enterococci have important implications in the dairy industry. they occur as nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) in a variety of cheeses, especially artisan cheeses produced in southern europe from raw or pasteurised milk, and in natural milk or whey starter cultures. they play an acknowledged role in the development of sensory characteristics during ripening of many cheeses and have been also used as components of cheese starter cultures. the positive influence of enterococci on cheese seem ...	2003	14596993
cold shock response and major cold shock proteins of vibrio cholerae.	when exponentially growing vibrio cholerae cells were shifted from 37 degrees c to various lower temperatures, it was found that the organism could adapt and grow at temperatures down to 15 degrees c, below which the growth was completely arrested. there was no difference between the patterns of the cold shock responses in toxinogenic and nontoxinogenic strains of v. cholerae. gel electrophoretic analyses of proteins of cold-exposed cells revealed significant induction of two major cold shock pr ...	2003	14602587
growth of vibrio cholerae o1 in red tide waters off california.	vibrio cholerae serotype o1 is autochthonous to estuarine and coastal waters. however, its population dynamics in such environments are not well understood. we tested the proliferation of v. cholerae n16961 during a lingulodinium polyedrum bloom, as well as other seawater conditions. microcosms containing 100-kda-filtered seawater were inoculated with v. cholerae or the 0.6- micro m-pore-size filterable fraction of seawater assemblages. these cultures were diluted 10-fold with fresh 100-kda-filt ...	2003	14602656
demonstration of preferential binding of sybr green i to specific dna fragments in real-time multiplex pcr.	sybr green i (sg) is widely used in real-time pcr applications as an intercalating dye and is included in many commercially available kits at undisclosed concentrations. binding of sg to double-stranded dna is non-specific and additional testing, such as dna melting curve analysis, is required to confirm the generation of a specific amplicon. the use of melt curve analysis eliminates the necessity for agarose gel electrophoresis because the melting temperature (t(m)) of the specific amplicon is ...	2003	14602929
duplex real-time sybr green pcr assays for detection of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in stools.	a duplex real-time sybr green lightcycler pcr (lc-pcr) assay with dna extraction using the qiaamp dna stool mini kit was evaluated with regard to detection of 8 of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in five stool specimens in 2 h or less. the protocol used the same lc-pcr with 20 pairs of specific primers. the products formed were identified based on a melting point temperature (t(m)) curve analysis. the 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens examined were enteroinvasive escherichi ...	2003	14605150
pathogenicity islands and phages in vibrio cholerae evolution.	the identification of accessory genetic elements (plasmids, phages and chromosomal 'pathogenicity islands') encoding virulence-associated genes has facilitated our efforts to understand the origination of pathogenic microorganisms. toxigenic vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, represents a paradigm for this process in that this organism evolved from environmental nonpathogenic v. cholerae by acquisition of virulence genes. the major virulence genes in v. cholerae, which are clustere ...	2003	14607067
crystal structure of the n-terminal dimerisation domain of vich, the h-ns-like protein of vibrio cholerae.	the histone-like nucleoid structuring (h-ns) protein is a global modulator of gene expression in gram-negative bacteria. vich, the h-ns protein of vibrio cholerae, regulates the expression of certain major virulence determinants implicated in the pathogenesis of cholera. we present here the 2.5a crystal structure of the n-terminal oligomerisation domain of vich (vich_nt). vich_nt adopts the same fold and dimeric assembly as the nmr structure of escherichia coli h-ns_nt, thus validating this fold ...	2003	14607110
identification of foodborne bacteria by infrared spectroscopy using cellular fatty acid methyl esters.	identification of bacterial species by profiling fatty acid methyl esters (fames) has commonly been carried out by using a 20-min capillary gas chromatographic procedure followed by library matching of fame profiles using commercial midi databases and proprietary pattern recognition software. fast gc (5 min) fame procedures and mass spectrometric methodologies that require no lipid separation have also been reported. in this study, bacterial identification based on the rapid (2 min) infrared mea ...	2003	14607413
a simple and convenient microtiter plate assay for the detection of bactericidal antibodies to vibrio cholerae o1 and vibrio cholerae o139.	it is believed that the correlate of protection for cholera can be determined by the serum vibriocidal assay. the currently available vibriocidal assays, based on the conventional agar plating technique, are labor intensive. we developed a simple and convenient microtiter plate assay for the detection of vibriocidal antibodies that is equally as efficient for vibrio cholerae o1 and for v. cholerae o139. the addition of succinate and neotetrazolium made it possible to measure the growth of surviv ...	2003	14607417
fitness cost of the green fluorescent protein in gastrointestinal bacteria.	there are surprisingly few studies that have successfully used the green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a quantitative reporter in selection experiments screening for inducible bacterial promoters. one explanation is that gfp expression may confer a fitness cost for bacteria. to test this possibility, we monitored the doubling time in enteric bacteria expressing gfp. four bacterial species, escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhi, and vibrio cholerae, were ...	2003	14608419
the influence of his94 and pro149 in modulating the activity of v. cholerae dsba.	dsba is the primary catalyst of disulfide bond formation in the periplasm of gram-negative bacteria. numerous theoretical and experimental studies have been undertaken to determine the molecular mechanisms by which dsba acts as a potent oxidant, whereas the homologous cytoplasmic protein, thioredoxin, acts as a reductant. many of these studies have focused on the nature of the two residues that lie between the active-site cysteines. although these are clearly important, they are not solely respo ...	2003	13678522
a new dimer interface for an abc transporter.	the crystallization of msba, an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter involved in the transport of lipid a in escherichia coli, provided a fascinating glimpse into the high-resolution structure of an abc transporter at 4.8 a. the e. coli crystal structure of msba reveals a dimer. although the structure of the msba monomer is consistent with the biochemistry of abc transporters, including the human multidrug resistance p-glycoprotein, the interface between the monomers in the msba dimer may not ...	2003	13678821
role for mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin in promoting interactions between vibrio cholerae el tor and mussel hemolymph.	the role of mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) in vibrio cholerae o1 el tor interactions with hemolymph of the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis was studied. bacterial adherence to and association with hemocytes were evaluated at 4 and 18 degrees c, respectively. in hemolymph serum, the wild-type strain n16961 adhered to and associated with hemocytes about twofold more efficiently than its mutant lacking msha. in artificial seawater (asw), no significant differences between the two strains we ...	2003	12957968
genetic detoxification of bacterial toxins.		2003	12958454
stimulation of mucosal immunity.		2003	12958460
identifying and subtyping species of dangerous pathogens by automated ribotyping.	an investigation of dangerous bacterial pathogens was conducted to determine the usefulness of automated rrna operon ribotyping (riboprinter system) to identify species. a total of 26 isolates comprising bacillus anthracis, brucella spp., burkholderia mallei, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis were tested using restriction endonucleases ecori, psti, pvuii and asei. the main problem was that the system's database-relying on ecori as restriction enzyme-does not contain the essential dange ...	2003	12967744
conjugating low molecular mass carbohydrates to proteins. 2. recovery of excess ligand used in the conjugation reaction.		2003	12968362
efficacy and tolerability of racecadotril in the treatment of cholera in adults: a double blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial.	the enkephalins, endogenous opiate substances, act as neurotransmitters along the entire digestive tract where they elicit intestinal antisecretory activity without affecting intestinal transit time or motility. racecadotril, through inhibition of enkephalinase, reinforces the physiological activity of endogenous enkephalins and, therefore, shows intestinal antisecretory activity.	2003	12970133
vgj phi, a novel filamentous phage of vibrio cholerae, integrates into the same chromosomal site as ctx phi.	we describe a novel filamentous phage, designated vgj phi, isolated from strain sg25-1 of vibrio cholerae o139, which infects all o1 (classical and el tor) and o139 strains tested. the sequence of the 7,542 nucleotides of the phage genome reveals that vgj phi has a distinctive region of 775 nucleotides and a conserved region with an overall genomic organization similar to that of previously characterized filamentous phages, such as ctx phi of v. cholerae and ff phages of escherichia coli. the co ...	2003	13129939
in vivo evidence for tonb dimerization.	tonb, in complex with exbb and exbd, is required for the energy-dependent transport of ferric siderophores across the outer membrane of escherichia coli, the killing of cells by group b colicins, and infection by phages t1 and phi80. to gain insights into the protein complex, tonb dimerization was studied by constructing hybrid proteins from complete tonb (containing amino acids 1 to 239) [tonb(1-239)] and the cytoplasmic fragment of toxr which, when dimerized, activates the transcription of the ...	2003	13129945
reclassification of vibrio hollisae as grimontia hollisae gen. nov., comb. nov.	the taxonomic positions of three representative strains of vibrio hollisae (lmg 17719(t), lmg 21416 and lmg 21538) were investigated by means of 16s rdna sequences and phenotypic data. v. hollisae strains (genbank/embl accession nos aj514909-aj514911) shared 99.5 % 16s rdna sequence similarity, but had only 94.6 % similarity to their closest phylogenetic neighbour, enterovibrio norvegicus. 16s rdna sequence similarity of v. hollisae and vibrio cholerae was only 91 %. these results suggest that v ...	2003	13130058
repeatability and pattern recognition of bacterial fatty acid profiles generated by direct mass spectrometric analysis of in situ thermal hydrolysis/methylation of whole cells.	direct ci mass spectrometry profiling of fatty acid methyl esters (fames) from in situ thermal hydrolysis/methylation (thm) of whole bacterial cells with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (tmah) has been demonstrated as a potential method for real time and fieldable detection/identification of microorganisms. bacillus anthracis (ames), yersinia pestis (nair. kenya), vibrio cholerae (e1 tor), brucella melitensis (abortus wild) and francisella tularensis (lvs vaccine) were profiled by this method duri ...	2003	18968943
normal and abnormal upper abdominal venous structures as seen by ultrasound.	recent b-scan ultrasonic techniques have made possible the routine visualization of the major upper abdominal venous structures. real-time scanning permits in vivo dynamic assessment of the upper abdominal veins. b-scan ultrasound allows optimal anatomic resolution and is superior for the establishment of intraluminal pathology and anatomic relationships with adjacent organs. the anatomic localization of the upper abdominal veins has proved of practical importance in several ways. identification ...	2003	403799
correlation between some characteristics of the internal structure of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh and age, body stature and weight.		2003	308894
aberrations in palatal root and root canal morphology of two maxillary first molars.		2003	296250
repair of traumatic pseudocyst of parotid duct.		2003	296199
treatment of postoperative derangement of csf absorption.		2003	290248
[symptoms and criteria of abnormalities: edema].		2003	259139
[in the memory of john c. belisario 1900-1976].		2003	328453
proceedings: the solubile polymerizing system.		2003	166069
nonchromaffin paraganglioma (chemodectoma) of thyroid region.	a case of a paraganglioma located over the thyroid cartilage in the midline is reported. the tumor had all the appearances of a carotid body tumor, but its odd location could not be explained on the basis of previously known areas where paraganglionic tissues have been found. since a paraganglioma has also hitherto been described within the thyroid gland, clinicians and pathologists alike are cautioned that unusually located paragangliomas may be expected in the future.	2003	168958
receptive fields of cerebellar cells receiving exteroceptive input in a gymnotid fish.	single neurons in the caudal lobe of the cerebellum of the weakly electric fish apteronotus albifrons respond to distortions in the normal electric field produced by the animal. moving plastic or metal objects as well as a simpler stimulus, a moving electrical dipole, produce adequate distortions of the fish's field to cause the cerebellar cells to respond. the moving dipole stimulated small enough areas of the fish's skin, as determined by the responses of single electroreceptors, to allow maps ...	2003	165269
improvements of in vitro cell-material adhesion measurements.		2003	161584
quantitative determination of the abnormal lipoprotein of cholestasis, lp-x, in liver disease.	quantitative determination of the abnormal plasma lipoprotein of cholestasis lp-x has been performed in 81 lp-x positive patients with different liver disorders. great variations in the plasma concentration of lp-x were demonstrated both in the 45 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (acute hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and cholangitis) and in the 36 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (extrahepatic biliary obstruction by tumours and choledocholithiasis). the plasma ...	2003	164686
[long-term results of transtympanic drainage].		2003	156771
an ultracytochemical study of the respiratory potency, integrity, and fate of the sea urchin sperm mitochondria during early embryogenesis.	cytochrome oxidase activity via cytochrome c, as demonstrated by the diaminobenzidine procedure, has been employed in this electron microscope cytochemical study to determine the respiratory potency, integrity and fate of the arbacia sperm mitochondrion at fertilization and during early embryogenesis. the sperm mitochondrion remained intact and was intensely positive for cytochrome oxidase activity both during and after penetration into the egg. the mitochondrion remained highly reactive through ...	2003	167033
an overview of immune aging.	a brief overview of the effect of age on the function of cells of the immune system is presented. normal immune functions can begin to decline shortly after an individual reaches sexual maturity. foremost among the cellular changes are those in the stem cells as reflected in their growth properties and the availability of precursor t cells, and in the t cell where a shift in subpopulations may be occurring. present evidence indicates that thymic involution precedes and therefore may be responsib ...	2003	155761
from the clinic: back school.		2003	155392
[method of radioimmunological assay of hepatitis b surface antigen and antibody -- application in the prophylaxis of hepatitis b in the blood transfusion service. part 1. principles of radioimmunological assay (author's transl)].		2003	156081
biophysical studies on agents affecting the state of membrane lipids: biochemical and pharmacological implications.	the phospholipid requirement of membrane-bound enzymes may depend on several reasons. in our laboratory we have investigated lipids (1) as a bidimensional medium required for the movement of coenzyme q, a lipid-soluble cofactor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and (2) as a hydrophobic environment necessary to impose the proper conformation to membrane-bound enzymic proteins. we have found that coenzyme q, once reduced by nadh dehydrogenase, must cross the inner mitochondrial membrane; onl ...	2003	154058
moulded supportive seating for the disabled.	in severe cases of physical disability intimate supportive seating may be required to provide maximum comfort, a good position for functional activities, improved respiration, relief of localized pressure, control of spasm, protection, or improved management. a service for providing such seating has been developed at chailey heritage. the seat is vacuum-formed from thermoplastic materials, having a soft non-absorbent foam for the linear and a hard semi-rigid outer shell. a mould is obtained by c ...	2003	152903
apex sector echocardiography in evaluation of the right atrium in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial septal defect.	cross-sectional echocardiography utilizing the four chamber apical view was used to evaluate right atrial dimensions as a means of detecting abnormal right heart hemodynamics in 20 patients with mitral stenosis, 5 patients with an atrial septal defect and 10 patients without heart disease. right and left atrial dimensions on apex echocardiography were 40 mm or less in control subjects. there was a good correlation (r = 0.81) between left atrial size assessed with apex sector and m mode echocardi ...	2003	152056
few equipment hikes due.		2003	152858
conservative management of splenic trauma: angiographic observations.		2003	152259
lipomatous lesions of the uterus.	four lipomatous lesions of the uterus are reported and the available literature from 1965 to 1976 is reviewed. it is suggested that these lesions result from metamorphosis of uterine smooth muscle which can proceed to form localised or diffuse mature adipose tissue in a leiomyoma or in the myometrium. three terms are suggested for the nomenclature of the various morphological types of lipomatous lesions of the uterus: diffuse lipomatosis in a leiomyoma, circumscribed lipomatosis in a leiomyoma a ...	2003	150107
[percutaneous caffeine poisoning (author's transl)].	in a 23-year-old patient with psoriatic erythrodermia external application of about 30g of caffeine in anhydrous eucerine led to caffeine poisoning.	2003	145362
[primary intratympanic meningioma (author's transl)].	a primary intratympanic meningioma is reported, which was histologically verified. 1 1/2 and 2 1/2 years after surgical removal, there were no signs of recurrence, neither clinically nor histologically. sites of origin of the primary intratympanic meningiomas are discussed. symptoms, diagnostics, differential diagnosis, therapy and prognosis are summarized in relation to nine cases of the literature.	2003	142875
[comparative morphometric study of arteriosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries among urban and rural population].	a visual planimetric study of atherosclerosis of the aorta and the coronary arteries was conducted in 1571 residents of the city of ryazan and in 769 inhabitants of the ryazan region dying in the age of 10 and 69 years, as well as in 627 normal individuals engaged in physical and intellectual work, living in rural and urban settlements, dying in the age of 40 to 69 years (data from ryazan, tallinn, kharkov). a randomized study has demonstrated that urban population displays more distinct atheros ...	2003	142855
[the effect of succinylcholine on the efferent and afferent nerve terminals in isolated frog muscle spindles (author's transl)].		2003	142830
characterization of membranes obtained from electric organ of the electric eel by sucrose gradient fractionation and by microdissection.		2003	142822
antigen-induced cyclophosphamide-resistant suppressor t cells inhibit the in vitro generation of cytotoxic cells from one-way mixed leukocyte reactions.	mice sensitized against a tumor allograft and given cyclophosmamide 6 days later failed to generate an immune response to the allograft. spleen cells derived from these mice suppressed the generation of cytotoxic t cell response by normal spleen cells in mixed leukocyte cultures. the suppressor cells were not specific, thymus dependent, and resistant to 2000 r.	2003	142792
[gray-scale sonographie. vascular anatomy of the abdomen (author's transl)].	gray scale sonography produces an exact topographical visualization of the following abdominal arteries and veins in longitudinal and transverse sections: aorta, v. cava inferior, portal and splenic veins, mesenteric and renal vessels, coeliac trunk, intrahepatic systemic and portal veins. this allows for new possibilities in organ diagnosis with more exact localization of pathologic lesions.	2003	143419
[evaluation of noracryl 100 as a filling material].	there were carried out clinical, chemical and scanning electron microscopical investigations of the filling material noracryl 100, a composite produced by the soviet union. this material is one of the composites of the first generation and there were discussed its advantages and disadvantages in face of other filling materials of that kind.	2003	141831
mechanism and significance of insulin resistance in myotonic dystrophy.	in order to elucidate the mechanism of the glucose intolerance frequently associated with myotonic dystrophy (md), glucose metabolism of 10 patients and 10 controls was investigated using the following tests: successive intravenous stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose and tolbutamide, detection of serum islet cell antibodies, measure of the specific insulin binding on erythrocytes and evaluation in vivo of insulin sensitivity by the euglycaemic glucose clamp method. glucose tolerance was ...	2003	3525363
mechanism and significance of insulin resistance in myotonic dystrophy.	in order to elucidate the mechanism of the glucose intolerance frequently associated with myotonic dystrophy (md), glucose metabolism of 10 patients and 10 controls was investigated using the following tests: successive intravenous stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose and tolbutamide, detection of serum islet cell antibodies, measure of the specific insulin binding on erythrocytes and evaluation in vivo of insulin sensitivity by the euglycaemic glucose clamp method. glucose tolerance was ...	2003	3525363
[isolated adenocarcinomatous transformation of uterine adenomyosis].	a case of epithelia malignant changes in uterine adenomyosis is reported. the adenocarcinomatous transformation in uterine adenomyosis is rare. it is necessary to identify exactly the lesion to detect several histological tests specially the integrity of endometrium. an initial phase by atypic hyperplasia and the eventual hormonal incidence are considered.	2003	219544
diagnosis and management of angina pectoris.		2003	187369
inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine entrapped within phospholipid vesicles.	phospholipid vesicles have been used as a carrier vehicle to enhance the cytotoxic activity of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (ara-c) and 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate against several tumor cell lines. the activity of both compounds in free solution or entrapped within phospholipid vesicles was compared against l1210 cells, ehrlich ascites cells, and sv40-transformed 3t3 cells in vitro. in addition, the activity of vesicle-entrapped ara-c against l1210 cells was also stud ...	2003	187321
ectopic acth production in disseminated prostatic adenocarcinoma.	the second fully documented case of acth-producing prostatic adenocarcinoma with elevated plasma and tissue levels of acth is presented. the distinguishing characteristics of acth-producing extrapituitary neoplasms and the various modes of therapy are discussed.	2003	166477
[mechanisms of dominance (a.a. ukhtomskiĭ)].		2003	165985
concentration-dependent role of macrophages in mixed lymphocyte reaction regulation: elaboration of nondialyzable heat-stable inhibitor and heat-labile enhancing factors.		2003	155744
radionuclide left ventricular dv/dt for the assessment of cardiac function in patients with coronary disease.	to investigate potential uses of left-ventricular (lv) systolic ejection rate (lv dv/dt) in the evaluation of lv function, we examined the effect of exercise, angiotensin, and leg raising on lv ejection fraction and lv dv/dt in patients with coronary-artery disease. the following observations were made: a) lv ejection fraction and dv/dt changed proportionately, but in opposite directions, during supine exercise; b) lv ejection fraction and dv/dt decreased to a similar extent during angiotensin i ...	2003	430171
suggested mechanisms for the production of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal from the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.	autoxidation of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) produces 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hne). of all of the many products produced during pufa autoxidation, hne is one of the more interesting. it is remarkably cytotoxic, and appears to play a role in certain types of pathology. this manuscript suggests, for the first time, mechanisms that rationalize the production of hne from pufa that undergo autoxidation. the mechanisms require, in agreement with the facts, an n-6 fatty acid and iron catalys ...	2003	2193853
contact dermatitis from polyfunctional acrylic monomers.	five out of 26 men employed formulating radiation drying printing ink developed eczematous dermatitis. positive patch tests were obtained with two polyfunctional acrylic monomers, pentaerythritol triacrylate and trimethylol propane triacrylate and with formulations containing these in four affected employees. cross sensitization was observed to dipentaerythritol monohydroxy pentaacrylate in each case. a fifth employee appeared to have developed irritant dermatitis from contact with these materia ...	2003	145343
[marginal atelectasis of skin fold? (author's transl)].	r. haubrich (1976) described marginal atelectasis of the lower lobes in chest films in patients in bed. two such patients were studied in detail and a retrospective analysis of examinations of 546 patients carried out in their beds was undertaken. in the first two of these patients it was possible to prove that the so-called marginal atelectases were, in fact, due to skin folds. the retrospective analysis produced a strong correlation between so-called marginal atelectasis and the presence of sk ...	2003	143412
lung tumor-reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes generated in mixed lymphocyte reaction between c3hfeb/hen (h-2kb) and c3h/hen (h-2k) strain mice.	the tumor-associated transplantation antigen expressed by several transplacentally induced lung tumors of c3hfeb/hen mice (h-2kb haplotype) has previously been shown to exist as a normal tissue alloantigen in mice of known h-2k and h-2a haplotypes. this antigen is not expressed in normal tissues of c3hfeb/hen mice but is expressed in c3h/hen mice, the strain from which the c3hfeb/hen mice were originally derived. the present study indicates that spleen cells from c3hfeb/hen and c3h/hen mice resp ...	2003	156221
[occupational diseases reported to the directorate of accident insurance 1961-1970. ii. a more coordinated registration will facilitate preventive activities].		2003	153006