Publications

environmental waters as a source of antibiotic-resistant enterococcus species in belgrade, serbia.	despite the number of studies on antibiotic-resistant enterococci from serbian clinical settings, there are no data about environmental contamination with these bacteria. thus, this study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in belgrade, serbia. enterococcus species collected from ten surface water sites, including a lake, two major river systems, and springs, were tested. among enterococci, we found single (21.7 %), double (17.4 %), and multiple antibiotic resistance ...	2015	26314345
analysis of 5-year trends in daptomycin activity tested against staphylococcus aureus and enterococci from european and us hospitals (2009-2013).	this study evaluated daptomycin activity trends among meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) over a 5-year period (2009-2013). consecutive, unique patient isolates of clinical significance were collected in 67 european (eu) (17 nations) and 145 us medical centres and were susceptibility tested in a central reference laboratory against daptomycin and various comparators by clsi broth microdilution methods. mic results were interpreted accordin ...	2015	27873705
in vitro efficacy of antibiotic beads in treating abdominal vascular graft infections.	abdominal aortic vascular graft infection often involves several different organisms. antibiotic polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) beads may be effective in controlling infection after débridement, but bacterial species identification and antibiotic susceptibility are often not available at the time of operation, generating a need for a broad-spectrum drug combination for empirical use. we sought to determine an effective antibiotic in pmma beads for use in abdominal vascular graft infection.	2015	24745942
effectiveness of a new method of disinfecting the root canal, using er, cr:ysgg laser to kill enterococcus faecalis in an infected tooth model.	some lasers have demonstrated to provide effective disinfection when used as adjunctive device to the conventional treatment. the aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effectiveness of the erbium, chromium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet (er, cr:ysgg) laser by measuring its bactericidal effect inside the root canal experimentally colonized with enterococcus faecalis. the laser was tested at different irradiation times (30 and 60 s) and energy of impulses (75 and 25 mj). a total of 52 s ...	2015	23917414
oligomerization of esculin improves its antibacterial activity and modulates antibiotic resistance.	in this particular study, the antibacterial activity of esculin and oligomer fractions was assessed. mic values of esculin and its oligomer fractions as well as of some antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative strains and against escherichia coli multiresistant variants were determined by the standard broth microdilution method. both esculin and oligoesculin fractions exhibited antibacterial effect against reference strains; staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, salmonella ent ...	2015	25248728
transcriptomic response of enterococcus faecalis v583 to low hydrogen peroxide levels.	enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of human and other mammals, but is also increasingly recognized as an opportunistic human pathogen. oxidative stress is one of the major challenges encountered by enterococci, both in their natural environment and during infection. in this paper, we evaluated the transcriptomic response of e. faecalis to oxidative stress, and showed that transcript abundance was reduced for 93 genes and increased ...	2015	25245959
ceftobiprole and ampicillin increase daptomycin susceptibility of daptomycin-susceptible and -resistant vre.	the synergistic combination of daptomycin plus ampicillin has proven to be effective against vre including daptomycin-non-susceptible strains. ceftobiprole is a cephalosporin with broad binding affinity for enterococcal pbp subtypes including pbp5. given the synergy between β-lactams and daptomycin against vre, it was of interest to determine whether ceftobiprole offered any synergistic advantage with daptomycin compared with ampicillin.	2015	25304643
the type i toxin-antitoxin par locus from enterococcus faecalis plasmid pad1: rna regulation by both cis- and trans-acting elements.	the pad1 par determinant was the first type i toxin-antitoxin system identified in gram-positive bacteria and has recently been shown to be the prototype of a family of loci that is widespread in these organisms. all family members have (i) convergently transcribed toxin message and regulatory rnas, (ii) three non-contiguous complementary regions for potential interaction, and (iii) intramolecular structures within the toxin message that modulate translation and transcript stability. therefore, ...	2015	25312777
distribution of human-specific bacteroidales and fecal indicator bacteria in an urban watershed impacted by sewage pollution, determined using rna- and dna-based quantitative pcr assays.	the identification of fecal pollution sources is commonly carried out using dna-based methods. however, there is evidence that dna can be associated with dead cells or present as "naked dna" in the environment. furthermore, it has been shown that rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) assays can be more sensitive than rrna gene-based qpcr assays since metabolically active cells usually contain higher numbers of ribosomes than quiescent cells. to this end, we compared the ...	2015	25326295
positively charged imidazolium-based ionic liquid-protected silver nanoparticles: a promising disinfectant in root canal treatment.	to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (ag nps) with different surface charges in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity in the absence and presence of dentine compared with naocl and chx.	2015	25269666
oxidative stress enhances cephalosporin resistance of enterococcus faecalis through activation of a two-component signaling system.	enterococcus faecalis is a low-gc gram-positive bacterium, a normal resident of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract, and an important hospital-acquired pathogen. an important risk factor for hospital-acquired enterococcal infections is prior therapy with broad-spectrum cephalosporins, antibiotics that impair cell wall biosynthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linking. enterococci are intrinsically resistant to cephalosporins; however, environmental factors that modulate cephalosporin resistance ...	2015	25331701
baseline activity of telavancin against gram-positive clinical isolates responsible for documented infections in u.s. hospitals (2011-2012) as determined by the revised susceptibility testing method.	telavancin had mic50 and mic90 values of 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml (100.0% susceptible), respectively, against methicillin-resistant and -susceptible staphylococcus aureus. telavancin was active against vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecalis (mic50/90, 0.12/0.12 μg/ml; 100% susceptible) and enterococcus faecium (mic50/90, 0.03/0.06 μg/ml), while higher mic values were obtained against vancomycin-resistant e. faecium (mic50/90, 1/2 μg/ml) and e. faecalis (mic50/90, >2/>2 μg/ml). streptococci show ...	2015	25348529
activity of oritavancin against gram-positive clinical isolates responsible for documented skin and soft-tissue infections in european and us hospitals (2010-13).	to assess oritavancin activity in vitro against clinically relevant gram-positive pathogens causing skin and soft-tissue infections (sstis) in european and us hospitals.	2015	25362568
a liar deletion restores susceptibility to daptomycin and antimicrobial peptides in multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecalis.	daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic that is used clinically against many gram-positive bacterial pathogens and is considered a key frontline bactericidal antibiotic to treat multidrug-resistant enterococci. emergence of daptomycin resistance during therapy of serious enterococcal infections is a major clinical issue. in this work, we show that deletion of the gene encoding the response regulator, liar (a member of the liafsr system that controls cell envelope homeostasis), from daptomycin-res ...	2015	25362197
genomic annotation for the temperate phage efc-1, isolated from enterococcus faecalis kbl101.	the temperate phage efc-1 was newly isolated from a mitomycin-c-induced lysate of enterococcus faecalis kbl101. efc-1 has an isometric head and a long tail. the phage belongs to the family siphoviridae according to its genomic structure and morphology. the phage efc-1 has 40,286 base pairs of double-stranded dna and a g+c content of 35.05 %. bioinformatic analysis of the phage revealed 60 putative open reading frames (orfs). the genome of the temperate phage efc-1 was not significantly similar t ...	2015	25359106
bacteriocin protein bacl1 of enterococcus faecalis targets cell division loci and specifically recognizes l-ala2-cross-bridged peptidoglycan.	bacteriocin 41 (bac41) is produced from clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis and consists of two extracellular proteins, bacl1 and baca. we previously reported that bacl1 protein (595 amino acids, 64.5 kda) is a bacteriolytic peptidoglycan d-isoglutamyl-l-lysine endopeptidase that induces cell lysis of e. faecalis when an accessory factor, baca, is copresent. however, the target of bacl1 remains unknown. in this study, we investigated the targeting specificity of bacl1. fluorescence micros ...	2015	25368300
estimation of cultivable bacterial diversity in the cloacae and pharynx in eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus).	in this work, we describe the biodiversity of cloacal and pharynx culture-based bacteria (commensal and pathogenic), in 75 eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) from two geographic areas. we address the question of whether the cultivable microbiota of vultures is organised into assemblages occurring by chance. in addition, we assess bacterial diversity in both anatomic regions and geographic areas. bacterial diversity was represented by 26 gram-negative and 20 gram-positive genera. the most co ...	2015	25388757
enterococcus faecalis 6-phosphogluconolactonase is required for both commensal and pathogenic interactions with manduca sexta.	enterococcus faecalis is a commensal and pathogen of humans and insects. in manduca sexta, e. faecalis is an infrequent member of the commensal gut community, but its translocation to the hemocoel results in a commensal-to-pathogen switch. to investigate e. faecalis factors required for commensalism, we identified e. faecalis genes that are upregulated in the gut of m. sexta using recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (rivet). the rivet screen produced 113 clones, from which we identif ...	2015	25385794
the polyamine n-acetyltransferase-like enzyme pmve plays a role in the virulence of enterococcus faecalis.	we previously showed that the mutant strain of enterococcus faecalis lacking the transcriptional regulator slya is more virulent than the parental strain. we hypothesized that this phenotype was due to overexpression of the second gene of the slya operon, ef_3001, renamed pmve (for polyamine metabolism and virulence of e. faecalis). pmve shares strong homologies with n(1)-spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyamines. in this study, we used an e. faecalis ...	2015	25385793
the two-component system grvrs (etars) regulates ace expression in enterococcus faecalis og1rf.	expression of ace (adhesin to collagen of enterococcus faecalis), encoding a virulence factor in endocarditis and urinary tract infection models, has been shown to increase under certain conditions, such as in the presence of serum, bile salts, urine, and collagen and at 46 °c. however, the mechanism of ace/ace regulation under different conditions is still unknown. in this study, we identified a two-component regulatory system grvrs as the main regulator of ace expression under these stress con ...	2015	25385790
an in vivo comparison of internal bacterial colonization in two dental implant systems: identification of a pathogenic reservoir.	the aim of this study was to compare internal bacterial colonization in two implant systems, one screw root form (srf) with an external hexagon connection and one plateau root form (prf) with a morse taper internal connection.	2015	25385682
role of secondary metabolites in establishment of the mutualistic partnership between xenorhabdus nematophila and the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae.	xenorhabdus nematophila engages in a mutualistic partnership with the nematode steinernema carpocapsae, which invades insects, migrates through the gut, and penetrates into the hemocoel (body cavity). we showed previously that during invasion of manduca sexta, the gut microbe staphylococcus saprophyticus appeared transiently in the hemocoel, while enterococcus faecalis proliferated as x. nematophila became dominant. x. nematophila produces diverse secondary metabolites, including the major water ...	2015	25398871
photoactivation of curcumin and sodium hypochlorite to enhance antibiofilm efficacy in root canal dentin.	to test the effect of ultrasonic or light activated curcumin and sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis biofilms in vitro.	2015	25462576
definitive structural assessment of enterococcal diheteroglycan.	enterococcus faecalis is one of most important nosocomial and often multi-antibiotic resistant pathogens responsible for infections that are difficult to treat. previously, a cell-wall polysaccharide termed diheteroglycan (dhg) was isolated and characterized as a promising vaccine candidate. however, the configuration of its lactic acid (la) residue attached to the galactofuranoside unit was not assessed, although it influences conformation of dhg chain in terms of biological recognition and imm ...	2015	25421964
in vitro and in vivo activity of hyperimmune globulin preparations against multiresistant nosocomial pathogens.	we compared different immunoglobulin preparations containing igg (intraglobin/intratect) or a mixture of igg, iga, and igm (pentaglobin) to assess the opsonic and protective efficacy of human immunoglobulin preparations against multiresistent nosocomial pathogens.	2015	25428225
the question of pathogen quantification in disinfected graywater.	graywater (gw) reuse for irrigation is recognized as a sustainable solution for water conservation. one of the major impediments to gw reuse is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. this study monitored three similar on-site gw treatment systems bi-monthly over the course of a year to compare the presence of pathogens and indicators in raw, biologically treated, and biologically treated and disinfected [by chlorine and ultraviolet light (uv)] gw. the systems were designed to allow the testi ...	2015	25437766
enterococcus faecalis pcf10-encoded surface proteins prga, prgb (aggregation substance) and prgc contribute to plasmid transfer, biofilm formation and virulence.	enterococcus faecalis pcf10 transfers at high frequencies upon pheromone induction of the prgq transfer operon. this operon codes for three cell wall-anchored proteins - prga, prgb (aggregation substance) and prgc - and a type iv secretion system through which the plasmid is delivered to recipient cells. here, we defined the contributions of the prg surface proteins to plasmid transfer, biofilm formation and virulence using the caenorhabditis elegans infection model. we report that a combination ...	2015	25431047
antimicrobial bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of eupatorium triplinerve.	eupatorium triplinerve vahl (asteraceae), popularly known as japana, is widely used in folk medicine, due its analgesic, anticoagulant, antianorexic, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, sedative, antifungal, and antibacterial properties.	2015	25430540
mutational analysis of critical residues of fad-independent catabolic acetolactate synthase from enterococcus faecalis v583.	catabolic acetolactate synthase (cals) from enterococcus faecalis is a fad-independent enzyme, which catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of pyruvate to produce acetolactate. mutational and kinetic analyses of variants suggested the importance of h111, q112, and q411 residues for catalysis in cals. the wild-type and variants were expressed as equally soluble proteins and co-migrated to a size of 60 kda on sds-page. importantly, h111 in cals, which is widely present as phenylalanine in man ...	2015	25128823
relationships between the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite and treatment time and biofilm age in early enterococcus faecalis biofilms.	to determine the relationships between the antibacterial activity of naocl and treatment time and biofilm age in early enterococcus faecalis biofilms using a linear fitting procedure.	2015	25156394
recurrent linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecalis infection in a patient with pneumonia.	it has been reported that lzd-resistant enterococcus in the gastrointestinal tract of mice colonizes persistently and shows variable minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) values. however, the colonization characteristics of enterococcus with lzd resistance in patients remain elusive. here, we report the case of a patient with recurrent pneumonia due to infection with lzd-resistant enterococcus faecalis strains. the colonization characteristics of the strains isolated from this patient were analy ...	2015	25236388
construction of a chimeric lysin ply187n-v12c with extended lytic activity against staphylococci and streptococci.	developing chimeric lysins with a wide lytic spectrum would be important for treating some infections caused by multiple pathogenic bacteria. in the present work, a novel chimeric lysin (ply187n-v12c) was constructed by fusing the catalytic domain (ply187n) of the bacteriophage lysin ply187 with the cell binding domain (146-314aa, v12c) of the lysin plyv12. the results showed that the chimeric lysin ply187n-v12c had not only lytic activity similar to ply187n against staphylococcal strains but al ...	2015	25219798
influence of working length and apical preparation size on apical bacterial extrusion during reciprocating instrumentation.	to evaluate the influence of reciprocating single-file instrumentation with different working lengths (wl) and apical preparation sizes on apical bacterial extrusion.	2015	25087922
mckittrick-wheelock syndrome complicated by enterococcus faecalis endocarditis: a unique combination.		2015	25112151
the surface rhamnopolysaccharide epa of enterococcus faecalis is a key determinant of intestinal colonization.	enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium of the human intestine and a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised and elderly patients. the pathogenesis of e. faecalis infection relies in part on its capacity to colonize the gut. following disruption of intestinal homeostasis, e. faecalis can overgrow, cross the intestinal barrier, and enter the lymph and bloodstream. to identify and characterize e. faecalis genes that are key to intestinal colonization, our strategy consisted in scr ...	2015	25035517
potential for nosocomial transmission of enterococcus faecalis from surfaces in dental operatories.	to assess the potential for nosocomial transmission of enterococcus faecalis during root canal treatment by measuring its occurrence on surfaces in dental operatories in relation to the efficacy of disinfection routines.	2015	25066305
clonal diversity in biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis in response to environmental stress associated with endodontic irrigants and medicaments.	to determine whether clonal diversity within e. faecalis affects biofilm formation when exposed to antimicrobial compounds found in endodontic medicaments and irrigants.	2015	24749689
formulation and characterization of lyophilized curcumin solid dispersions for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt): studies on curcumin and curcuminoids lii.	bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing and alternative antibacterial treatments like antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) are needed. curcumin is under investigation as a potential photosensitizer in apdt.	2015	24842546
assessment of dentinal tubule invasion capacity of enterococcus faecalis under stress conditions ex vivo.	to investigate the dentinal tubule invasion capacity of enterococcus faecalis under alkaline and energy starvation stress conditions.	2015	24872016
characterisation of the antibacterial effect of polyethyleneimine nanoparticles in relation to particle distribution in resin composite.	to characterise the antibacterial effect of resin composite incorporating cross-linked quaternised polyethyleneimine (qpei) nanoparticles in relation to their distribution in the bulk material.	2015	24881908
production of lactic acid using a new homofermentative enterococcus faecalis isolate.	lactic acid is an intermediate-volume specialty chemical for a wide range of food and industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and chemical syntheses. although lactic acid production has been well documented, improved production parameters that lead to reduced production costs are always of interest in industrial developments. in this study, we describe the production of lactic acid at high concentration, yield and volumetric productivity utilizing a novel homofermentative, fac ...	2015	24894833
modified lactic acid bacteria detect and inhibit multiresistant enterococci.	we designed lactococcus lactis to detect enterococcus faecalis. upon detection, l. lactis produce and secrete antienterococcal peptides. the peptides inhibit enterococcal growth and reduce viability of enterococci in the vicinity of l. lactis. the enterococcal sex pheromone ccf10 serves as the signal for detection. expression vectors derived from pcf10, a ccf10-responsive e. faecalis sex-pheromone conjugative plasmid, were engineered in l. lactis for the detection system. recombinant host strain ...	2015	24896372
antibiofilm activity of three irrigation protocols activated by ultrasonic, diode laser or er:yag laser in vitro.	to investigate the impact of three irrigation protocols, activated by three different methods, on mature biofilms of enterococcus faecalis in vitro.	2015	25080240
photodynamic killing of enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules using mthpc incorporated in liposomes and invasomes.	the present in vitro study investigates the antimicrobial photodynamic efficiency of the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mthpc) incorporated in liposomes (lip) and highly flexible invasomes (inv) on the endodontopathogenic species enterococcus faecalis in infected dental root canals.	2015	24950607
autoimmune neutropenia of infancy with recurrent urinary tract infections: a case report.	autoimmune neutropenia of infancy is characterized by minor intercurrent infections despite severe neutropenia; severe bacterial infections are uncommon. an infant developed recurrent urinary tract infections at 9 and 11 months of age. the identified uropathogens were escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis, respectively. empirical treatment with carbapenems, as broad-spectrum antibiotics, promptly resolved the infection without sequelae. febrile neutropenic children with cancer and autoimmun ...	2015	24942028
commensal bacteria drive endogenous transformation and tumour stem cell marker expression through a bystander effect.	commensal bacteria and innate immunity play a major role in the development of colorectal cancer (crc). we propose that selected commensals polarise colon macrophages to produce endogenous mutagens that initiate chromosomal instability (cin), lead to expression of progenitor and tumour stem cell markers, and drive crc through a bystander effect.	2015	24906974
cytotoxicity, interaction with dentine and efficacy on multispecies biofilms of a modified salt solution intended for endodontic disinfection in a new in vitro biofilm model.	to investigate the cytotoxicity of a modified salt solution (mss) and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of mss on in vitro biofilm models.	2015	24702260
comparative cell attachment, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of radiopaque dicalcium silicate cement and white-coloured mineral trioxide aggregate.	to comparatively examine the cell attachment, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity of radiopaque dicalcium silicate cement (rdsc) and proroot white-coloured mineral trioxide aggregate (wmta).	2015	24802368
effectiveness of ktp laser versus 980 nm diode laser to kill enterococcus faecalis in biofilms developed in experimentally infected root canals.	this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial action of ktp (potassium-titanyl-phosphate) laser irradiations (compared with 980 nm diode laser), associated with conventional endodontic procedures, on enterococcus faecalis biofilms. fifty-six dental roots with single canals were prepared with ni-ti rotary instruments, autoclaved, inoculated with an e. faecalis suspension and incubated for 72 h. they were randomly allocated to control and treatment groups. laser parameters were as follows: power ...	2015	24588799
urinary tract infection caused by enterococcus isolates: aetiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns.	the purpose of this study was to analyse the data on resistance in enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium isolated from urine samples of inpatients from january 2010 to december 2013. compared to e. faecalis, e. faecium isolates were significantly more resistant to ampicilin, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin in the antimicrobial agents evaluated. both species showed higher resistance to high-level gentamicin. the rate of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in e. faecium was higher as compared ...	2015	24835052
demography and burden of care associated with patients readmitted for urinary tract infection.	urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most prevalent admission diagnoses in hospital-based clinical practice. despite its frequency, few data are available regarding its demographics and economic implications.	2015	24863498
antibacterial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cow faeces against potential enteric pathogens.	the addition of sub therapeutic doses of antibiotics to cattle feed for growth promotion is a contributory factor to antibiotic resistance, thus an alternative to antibiotics is needed in animal feed additives.	2015	26957978
construction of recombinant pichia pastoris carrying a constitutive avbd9 gene and analysis of its activity.	avian beta-defensin 9 (avbd9) is a small cationic peptide consisting of 41 amino acids that plays a crucial rule in innate immunity and acquired immunity in chickens. owing to its wide antibacterial spectrum, lack of a residue, and failure to induce bacterial drug resistance, avbd9 is expected to become a substitute for conventional antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industries. using the preferred codon of pichia pastoris, the mature avbd9 peptide was designed and synthesized, based on th ...	2015	26370794
effect of in-feed administration and withdrawal of tylosin phosphate on antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolated from feedlot steers.	tylosin phosphate is a macrolide commonly administered to cattle in north america for the control of liver abscesses. this study investigated the effect of in-feed administration of tylosin phosphate to cattle at subtherapeutic levels and its subsequent withdrawal on macrolide resistance using enterococci as an indicator bacterium. fecal samples were collected from steers that received no antibiotics and steers administered tylosin phosphate (11 ppm) in-feed for 197 days and withdrawn 28 days be ...	2015	26074889
antimicrobial resistance profile of enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in jimma, ethiopia.	multi-drug-resistant enterococci colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients are the major source of infection as well as nosocomial spread. despite worldwide increasing rate of multidrug resistant enterococci colonization and infection among hospitalized patients, there is scarcity of data from resource limited setting. the present study aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterococcus species from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in jimma, ethiop ...	2015	26036911
diversity of enterococcal species and characterization of high-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci of samples of wastewater and surface water in tunisia.	one hundred-fourteen samples of wastewater (n=64) and surface-water (n=50) were inoculated in slanetz-bartley agar plates supplemented or not with gentamicin (sb-gen and sb plates, respectively) for enterococci recovery. enterococci were obtained from 75% of tested samples in sb media (72% in wastewater; 78% in surface-water), and 85 enterococcal isolates (one/positive-sample) were obtained. enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (63.5%), followed by enterococcus faecalis (20%), ent ...	2015	26026404
prevalence, diversity and characterization of enterococci from three coraciiform birds.	coraciiform birds hoopoe (upupa epops), common kingfisher (alcedo atthis) and european roller (coracius garrulus) were examined for enterococci in their cloacae and uropygial glands. the enterococcal isolates were identified at the species level using several genomic and proteomic methods, screened for antibiotic susceptibility and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). clonality of isolates from the common kingfisher was also assessed by multi-locus sequence typing (mlst). using ...	2015	25772302
identification of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis as vanc-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) from sewage and river water in the provincial city of miyazaki, japan.	as a first step for assessing the risk to human health posed by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in the aquatic environment, we screened sewage and urban river water samples from miyazaki, japan for vre. because vancomycin-resistant organisms are not as prevalent in sewage and river water as vancomycin-susceptible organisms, the samples were screened by minimum inhibitory concentration test using the vancomycin-supplemented membrane-enterococcus indoxyl-β-d-glucoside (mei) agar. the isolat ...	2015	25438128
isolation of alkaline-tolerant bacteria from primary infected root canals.	alkaline-tolerant bacteria in primary infected root canals could have enhanced survival capacity against antimicrobials commonly used in root canal treatment. the aims of this study were to isolate and characterize alkaline-tolerant bacteria before endodontic treatment (s1), after chemomechanical root canal preparation (s2), and after calcium hydroxide dressing (s3).	2015	25638530
cyclodepsipeptides produced by actinomycetes inhibit cyclic-peptide-mediated quorum sensing in gram-positive bacteria.	cyclic peptides are commonly used as quorum-sensing autoinducers in gram-positive firmicutes bacteria. well-studied examples of such molecules are thiolactone and lactone, used to regulate the expression of a series of virulence genes in the agr system of staphylococcus aureus and the fsr system of enterococcus faecalis, respectively. three cyclodepsipeptides ws9326a, ws9326b and cochinmicin ii/iii were identified as a result of screening actinomycetes culture extracts for activity against the a ...	2015	26149266
synergistic effect of 2% chlorhexidine combined with proteolytic enzymes on biofilm disruption and killing.	to investigate the dynamics of a disinfection regimen using 1% trypsin and 1% proteinase k in combination with 2% chlorhexidine (with or without ultrasonics) using a nutrient-stressed endodontic multispecies model biofilm.	2015	25482847
polymicrobial q fever and enterococcal aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis with aortic root abscess.	polymicrobial endocarditis is uncommon. we present a case of polymicrobial endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis and coxiella burnetii and review previous cases of polymicrobial endocarditis involving coxiella burnetii. testing for q fever should be considered in any patient with endocarditis living in an endemic area.	2015	25988443
a novel method for screening of potential probiotics for high adhesion capability.	to screen for potential probiotics with high adhesion capability, a chemostat model-based cultured human feces and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods were applied, and the adhesion capability of the isolates was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. lactobacillus plantarum (hm218749), lactobacillus reuteri (eu547310), and enterococcus faecalis (hm218543) were isolated from the slime on the chemostat wall, as these organisms could grow better at 37°c in an anaerobic environment and could r ...	2015	25912863
effectiveness of probiotic therapy for the prevention of relapse in patients with inactive ulcerative colitis.	to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic therapy for suppressing relapse in patients with inactive ulcerative colitis (uc).	2015	26019464
early colonizing escherichia coli elicits remodeling of rat colonic epithelium shifting toward a new homeostatic state.	we investigated the effects of early colonizing bacteria on the colonic epithelium. we isolated dominant bacteria, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, lactobacillus intestinalis, clostridium innocuum and a novel fusobacterium spp., from the intestinal contents of conventional suckling rats and transferred them in different combinations into germfree (gf) adult rats. animals were investigated after various times up to 21 days. proliferative cell markers (ki67, proliferating cell nuclear anti ...	2015	25012905
mutations associated with reduced surotomycin susceptibility in clostridium difficile and enterococcus species.	clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an urgent public health concern causing considerable clinical and economic burdens. cdi can be treated with antibiotics, but recurrence of the disease following successful treatment of the initial episode often occurs. surotomycin is a rapidly bactericidal cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that is in clinical trials for cdi treatment and that has demonstrated superiority over vancomycin in preventing cdi relapse. surotomycin is a structural analogue of the me ...	2015	25941217
an alkaline phosphatase reporter for use in clostridium difficile.	clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive pathogen that causes severe gastrointestinal disease in humans and other mammals. c. difficile is notoriously difficult to work with and, until recently, few tools were available for genetic manipulation and molecular analyses. despite the recent advances in the field, there is no simple or cost-effective technique for measuring gene transcription in c. difficile other than direct transcriptional analyses (e.g., quantitative real-time pcr and ...	2015	25576237
new role for human α-defensin 5 in the fight against hypervirulent clostridium difficile strains.	clostridium difficile infection (cdi), one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, is increasing in incidence and severity with the emergence and diffusion of hypervirulent strains. cdi is precipitated by antibiotic treatment that destroys the equilibrium of the gut microbiota. human α-defensin 5 (hd5), the most abundant enteric antimicrobial peptide, is a key regulator of gut microbiota homeostasis, yet it is still unknown if c. difficile, which successfully evades killing by other hos ...	2015	25547793
microbial community in persistent apical periodontitis: a 16s rrna gene clone library analysis.	to characterize the microbial composition of persistent periapical lesions of root filled teeth using a molecular genetics approach.	2015	25088120
performance evaluation of a dna chip assay in the identification of major genitourinary pathogens.	to prevent the recurrence of genitourinary infections and to reduce the risks of their complications, accurate and rapid diagnosis are required. stdetect® chip is a dna chip which allows for the simultaneous detection of 13 major genitourinary pathogens in a single vaginal swab or urine specimen. we evaluated the analytical performance of the stdetect® chip for detecting target pathogens that commonly cause genitourinary infections.	2015	25533217
syntheses, structures, and antimicrobial activity of new remarkably light-stable and water-soluble tris(pyrazolyl)methanesulfonate silver(i) derivatives of n-methyl-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane salt - [mpta]bf4.	two new silver(i) complexes of formula [ag(mpta)4](tpms)4(bf4) (1) and [ag(tpms)(mpta)](bf4) (2) (mpta = n-methyl-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane cation, tpms = tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methanesulfonate anion) have been synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analyses, (1)h and (31)p{(1)h} nmr, esi-ms, and ir spectroscopic techniques. the single-crystal x-ray diffraction study of 1 discloses a noncoordinated nature of the tpms species, existing as counterions around the highly charged metal c ...	2015	25531979
adenosine tri-phosphate (atp)-based cleaning monitoring in health care: how rapidly does environmental atp deteriorate?	ensuring cleaning compliance of housekeeping staff is critical to ensure adequate application of surface disinfectants. adenosine triphosphate (atp) testing has been recommended as a way to monitor cleaning compliance; however, little is known about the stability of atp on environmental surfaces.	2015	25794441
antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of olea africana against pathogenic yeast and nosocomial pathogens.	olea africana leaves are used by bapedi people to treat different ailments. the use of these leaves is not validated, therefore the aim of this study is to validate antimicrobial properties of this plant.	2015	26577343
antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of polyethylenimine: an interesting compound for endodontic treatment.	bacteria levels of necrotic teeth are greatly reduced after endodontic treatment procedures but the presence of persisting microorganisms leads to continuous efforts to develop materials with antimicrobial properties. the purpose of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of polyethylenimine (pei) against common bacteria and yeasts, regarding planktonic cells and biofilm, and to clarify its antimicrobial mechanism of action through flow cytometry.	2015	26323443
in vitro antimicrobial activity of plants used in traditional medicine in gurage and silti zones, south central ethiopia.	to overcome the escalating problems associated with infectious diseases and drug resistance, discovery of new antimicrobials is crucial. the present study aimed to carry out in vitro antimicrobial analysis of 15 medicinal plant species selected according to their traditional medicinal uses in gurage and silti zones, south central ethiopia.	2015	26283630
effects of a one year reusable contraceptive vaginal ring on vaginal microflora and the risk of vaginal infection: an open-label prospective evaluation.	a contraceptive vaginal ring (cvr) containing nestorone® (nes) and ethinyl estradiol (ee) that is reusable for 1- year (13 cycles) is under development. this study assessed effects of this investigational cvr on the incidence of vaginal infections and change in vaginal microflora.	2015	26267119
composition, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of satureja intermedia c.a.mey essential oil.	in this study, the essential oil (eo) constituents from the aerial parts of satureja intermedia c.a.mey were detected by gc and gc/ms. the antimicrobial activity of eo on oral pathogens and its cytotoxicity to human cancer cells were determined by the microbroth dilution method and the crystal violet staining method, respectively. thirty-nine compounds were identified and the main eo constituents were γ-terpinene (37.1%), thymol (30.2%), p-cymene (16.2%), limonene (3.9%), α-terpinene (3.3%), myr ...	2015	26247936
antimicrobial activity and chemometric modelling of south african propolis.	this study reports on the inhibitory and bactericidal properties of 39 south african (sa) propolis samples and three propolis samples from brazil.	2015	26189549
antimicrobial activity of silver and gold in toothpastes: a comparative analysis.	in this study, we compared the antimicrobial activity of identical toothpastes differing only in silver or gold nanoparticles against the activity of one of the common toothpastes containing a chemical active ingredient. we also compared the active concentrations of the toothpastes.	2015	26183852
evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of inter appointment intracanal medicaments against enterococcus and candida albicans: an in vitro study.	microorganisms and their by-products in pulpal and periapical diseases are to be considered as the primary etiological agents of the pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis. enterococcus faecalis, which is the most common organism isolated from failed root canals, is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe. yeasts can be detected in 7-18% of infected root canals.	2015	26124609
a preliminary investigation on the antimicrobial activity of listerine®, its components, and of mixtures thereof.	listerine® is one of the most popular mouthwashes worldwide and claims to combat harmful bacteria. in the past century, its recipe was changed from an essential oil mouthwash to a five-component mixture (thymol, menthol, eucalyptol, and methyl salicylate dissolved in 27% ethanol). the aim of this study was to get preliminary information about the antimicrobial activities of individual listerine® components and their mixtures. we tested the bacterial strains streptococcus mutans, enterococcus fae ...	2015	26104602
the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cymbopogon essential oil (lemon grass) and its interaction with silver ions.	it is well known that cymbopogon (lemon grass) essential oil exhibits antimicrobial activity while the efficacy of silver ions as a disinfectant is equally well reported.	2015	26055131
the efficacy of photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite in root canal disinfection by a single-file instrumentation technique.	the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (pdt) and sodium hypochlorite (naocl) in root canal disinfection by a single-file instrumentation technique.	2015	26007242
antimicrobial effect of zataria multiflora extract in comparison with chlorhexidine mouthwash on experimentally contaminated orthodontic elastomeric ligatures.	long-term use of orthodontic appliances and fixation ligatures creates a favorable environment for the accumulation of oral normal microflora and increases the risk of enamel demineralization and periodontal disease. the aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of zataria multiflora extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine (chx) mouthwash on experimentally contaminated orthodontic elastomeric ligatures.	2015	26005448
composition and antimicrobial activity of euphrasia rostkoviana hayne essential oil.	eyebright, euphrasia rostkoviana hayne (scrophulariaceae), is a medicinal plant traditionally used in europe for the treatment of various health disorders, especially as eyewash to treat eye ailments such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis that can be associated with bacterial infections. some euphrasia species have been previously reported to contain essential oil. however, the composition and bioactivity of e. rostkoviana oil are unknown. therefore, in this study, we investigated the chemical c ...	2015	26000025
localization of the dual oxidase bli-3 and characterization of its nadph oxidase domain during infection of caenorhabditis elegans.	dual oxidases (duox) are enzymes that contain an nadph oxidase domain that produces hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and a peroxidase domain that can utilize h2o2 to carry out a variety of reactions. the model organism caenorhabditis elegans produces the duox, bli-3, which has roles in both cuticle development and in protection against infection. in previous work, we demonstrated that while certain peroxidases were protective against the human bacterial pathogen enterococcus faecalis, the peroxidase dom ...	2015	25909649
in vitro antimicrobial and anti-endotoxin action of zingiber officinale as auxiliary chemical and medicament combined to calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine.	this study was conducted in vitro to compare the effectiveness of zingiber officinale as an auxiliary chemical substance followed by placement of different intra-canal medication in removing endotoxins and cultivable micro-organisms from infected root canals.	2015	25892281
immune response profile against persistent endodontic pathogens candida albicans and enterococcus faecalis in vitro.	persistent microorganisms such as candida albicans and enterococcus faecalis might be directly related to endodontic treatment failure. the host response to these microorganisms impairs the reestablishment of intraradicular and periradicular health.	2015	25845887
[influence of the root canal instrumentation size on the disinfection of intracanal microbe by er:yag laser].	to evaluate the influence of different root canal instrumentation size on disinfection of intracanal microbe of dental root canal.	2015	27063113
evaluation of microbial reduction in root canals instrumented with reciprocating and rotary systems.	this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the disinfection of root canal systems carried out with reciproc(tm) and protaper universal(tm) systems using 1% sodium hypochlorite (naocl).	2015	27688413
antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of spilanthes acmella as an intracanal medicament in comparison to calcium hydroxide: an in vitro study.	repeated endodontic failures are due to pathogens like enterococcus faecalis and candida albicans which are resistant to the common intracanal medicaments like calcium hydroxide (ca[oh]2).	2015	26672426
pyrrolocin a, a 3-decalinoyltetramic acid with selective biological activity, isolated from amazonian cultures of the novel endophyte diaporthales sp. e6927e.	natural products remain an important source of new therapeutics for emerging drug-resistant pathogens like candida albicans, which particularly affects immunocompromised patients. a bioactive 3-decalinoyltetramic acid, pyrrolocin a, was isolated from extracts of a novel amazonian fungal endophyte, e6927e, of the diaporthales family. the structure of the natural product was solved using nmr and cd spectroscopy and it is structurally related to the fungal setins, equisetin and phomasetin, which ar ...	2015	26669095
assessment of the antimicrobial activity of few saudi arabian snake venoms.	venoms of two cobras, four vipers, a standard antibiotic and an antimycotic, were evaluated comparatively, as antimicrobials.	2015	26668657
evaluation of cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of a calcium aluminate-based endodontic material.	a calcium aluminate-based endodontic material, endobinder, has been developed in order to reduce mta negative characteristics, preserving its biological properties and clinical applications.	2015	24626250
use of a dissolved oxygen microsensor for assessing the viability and thickness of microbial biofilm on root surfaces.	to evaluate the use of a dissolved oxygen microsensor (doms) for assessing the viability and thickness of microbial biofilms on the apical external surface of contaminated human tooth roots.	2015	24942082
in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial efficacy of nano-mgo in the elimination of endodontic pathogens.	the use of metal oxide nanoparticles has attracted lots of attention, mostly because of their promising antimicrobial activity along with their biocompatibility with mammalian cells. this study aims to investigate the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial efficiency of nano-magnesium oxide (mgo) aqueous solution against endodontic pathogens.	2015	24859291
utilization of blood cultures in danish hospitals: a population-based descriptive analysis.	this national population-based study was conducted as part of the development of a national automated surveillance system for hospital-acquired bacteraemia and ascertains the utilization of blood cultures (bcs). a primary objective was to understand how local differences may affect interpretation of nationwide surveillance for bacteraemia. from the danish microbiology database, we retrieved all bcs taken between 2010 and 2013 and linked these to admission data from the national patient registry. ...	2015	25658520
antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of ferula gummosa plant essential oil compared to naocl and chx: a preliminary in vitro study.	the usage of medicinal plants as natural antimicrobial agents has grown in many fields including dental medicine. the aim of this in vitro study was three-fold: (i) to determine the chemical compositions of the ferula gummosa essential oil (fgeo), (ii) to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of the oil with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and chlorhexidine (chx), (iii) to assess the toxic behavior of fgeo in different concentrations compared to 5% naocl and 0.2% chx.	2015	25671213
chronic bacterial seminal vesiculitis as a potential disease entity in men with chronic prostatitis.	to investigate bacterial infection in the seminal vesicles by bacteriological examination and radionuclide imaging in men with chronic prostatitis.	2015	25721352
presence of aerobic micro-organisms and their influence on basic semen parameters in infertile men.	urogenital tract infections in males are one of the significant etiological factors in infertility. in this prospective study, 72 patients with abnormal semen parameters or any other symptoms of urogenital tract infection were examined. semen analysis according to the who 2010 manual was performed together with microbial assessment: aerobic bacteria culture, chlamydia antigen test, candida culture, ureaplasma and mycoplasma-specific culture. in total, 69.4% of semen samples were positive for at ...	2015	25209133