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using phenomenological models to characterize transmissibility and forecast patterns and final burden of zika epidemics.the world health organization declared the ongoing zika virus (zikv) epidemic in the americas a public health emergency of international concern on february 1, 2016. zikv disease in humans is characterized by a "dengue-like" syndrome including febrile illness and rash. however, zikv infection in early pregnancy has been associated with severe birth defects, including microcephaly and other developmental issues. mechanistic models of disease transmission can be used to forecast trajectories and l ...201627366586
zika in the united states of america and a fateful 1969 decision.the united states gulf coast's current risk to zika transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes can be traced back to some important federal health policy decisions made during the 1960s.201627227971
zika - an emerging global threat. 201627822403
gut bacteria differentially affect egg production in the anautogenous mosquito aedes aegypti and facultatively autogenous mosquito aedes atropalpus (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti and a. atropalpus are related mosquitoes that differ reproductively. aedes aegypti must blood-feed to produce eggs (anautogenous) while a. atropalpus always produces a first clutch of eggs without blood-feeding (facultatively autogenous). we recently characterized the gut microbiota of a. aegypti and a. atropalpus that were reared identically in the laboratory. here, we assessed the effects of specific members of the gut microbiota in a. aegypti and a. atropalpus on female fitness ...201627363842
resistance status to the insecticides temephos, deltamethrin, and diflubenzuron in brazilian aedes aegypti populations.insecticides are still largely applied in public health to control disease vectors. in brazil, organophosphates (op) and pyrethroids (py) are used against aedes aegypti for years. since 2009 insect growth regulators (igr) are also employed in the control of larvae. we quantified resistance to temephos (op), deltamethrin (py), and diflubenzuron (igr) of a. aegypti samples from 12 municipalities distributed throughout the country, collected between 2010 and 2012. high levels of resistance to neuro ...201627419140
the current status of zika virus in southeast asia.zika virus currently poses a global threat and is a major public health issue throughout latin america and the caribbean. however, zika virus infections in humans have also been observed in other regions, including southeast asia, where arboviral diseases are very common. in this study, we summarize the current status of zika virus in southeast asia. this review aims to provide an overview of the current situation and also to suggest ways of adequately managing the emergence of zika virus in sou ...201627336445
the when and the where of zika epidemic potential in europe - an evidence base for public health preparedness. 201627333025
potential risk of dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in northern italy based on a population model of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).the rapid invasion and spread of aedes albopictus (skuse, 1894) within new continents and climatic ranges has created favorable conditions for the emergence of tropical arboviral diseases in the invaded areas. we used mosquito abundance data from 2014 collected across ten sites in northern italy to calibrate a population model for aedes albopictus and estimate the potential of imported human cases of chikungunya or dengue to generate the condition for their autochthonous transmission in the abse ...201627304211
contraceptive sales in the setting of the zika virus epidemic.has there been any influence of the zika virus (zikv) outbreak on the sales of contraceptive methods in brazil?201627932442
perspectives on the role of mobility, behavior, and time scales in the spread of diseases.the dynamics, control, and evolution of communicable and vector-borne diseases are intimately connected to the joint dynamics of epidemiological, behavioral, and mobility processes that operate across multiple spatial, temporal, and organizational scales. the identification of a theoretical explanatory framework that accounts for the pattern regularity exhibited by a large number of host-parasite systems, including those sustained by host-vector epidemiological dynamics, is but one of the challe ...201627965394
a historic report of zika in mozambique: implications for assessing current risk. 201627930650
public health interventions for aedes control in the time of zikavirus- a meta-review on effectiveness of vector control strategies.there is renewed interest in effective measures to control zika and dengue vectors. a synthesis of published literature with a focus on the quality of evidence is warranted to determine the effectiveness of vector control strategies.201627926934
the self-regulation model of illness: comparison between zika and dengue and its application to predict mosquito prevention behaviours in malaysia, a dengue-endemic country.perceptions about illnesses may influence self-care and preventive health behaviours. illness perceptions of the zika virus (zikv) infection were investigated under the framework of the self-regulation model of illness. illness perception differences between zikv and dengue fever were also examined. lastly, associations between illness perceptions of zikv with mosquito prevention practices were studied. samples were drawn from landline telephone numbers using computer-assisted telephone intervie ...201627929451
comparative genomics of beauveria bassiana: uncovering signatures of virulence against mosquitoes.entomopathogenic fungi such as beauveria bassiana are promising biological agents for control of malaria mosquitoes. indeed, infection with b. bassiana reduces the lifespan of mosquitoes in the laboratory and in the field. natural isolates of b. bassiana show up to 10-fold differences in virulence between the most and the least virulent isolate. in this study, we sequenced the genomes of five isolates representing the extremes of low/high virulence and three rna libraries, and applied a genome c ...201627905873
tracking insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors of arboviruses: the worldwide insecticide resistance network (win). 201627906961
human igg antibody response to aedes nterm-34kda salivary peptide, an epidemiological tool to assess vector control in chikungunya and dengue transmission area.arboviral diseases are an important public health concerns. vector control remains the sole strategy to fight against these diseases. because of the important limits of methods currently used to assess human exposure to aedes mosquito bites, much effort is being devoted to develop new indicators. recent studies have reported that human antibody (ab) responses to aedes aegypti nterm-34kda salivary peptide represent a promising biomarker tool to evaluate the human-aedes contact. the present study ...201627906987
wolbachia blocks currently circulating zika virus isolates in brazilian aedes aegypti mosquitoes.the recent association of zika virus with cases of microcephaly has sparked a global health crisis and highlighted the need for mechanisms to combat the zika vector, aedes aegypti mosquitoes. wolbachia pipientis, a bacterial endosymbiont of insect, has recently garnered attention as a mechanism for arbovirus control. here we report that aedes aegypti harboring wolbachia are highly resistant to infection with two currently circulating zika virus isolates from the recent brazilian epidemic. wolbac ...201627156023
efficacy of ulv and thermal aerosols of deltamethrin for control of aedes albopictus in nice, france.ultra-low volume (ulv) insecticidal aerosols dispensed from vehicle-mounted cold-foggers are widely considered the method of choice for control of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus during outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya and, more recently, zika. nevertheless, their effectiveness has been poorly studied, particularly in europe. nearly all published studies of ulv efficacy are bio-assays based on the mortality of caged mosquitoes. in our study we preferred to monitor the direct impact of treatm ...201627881181
assessment of icount software, a precise and fast egg counting tool for the mosquito vector aedes aegypti.widespread in the tropics, the mosquito aedes aegypti is an important vector of many viruses, posing a significant threat to human health. vector monitoring often requires fecundity estimation by counting eggs laid by female mosquitoes. traditionally, manual data analyses have been used but this requires a lot of effort and is the methods are prone to errors. an easy tool to assess the number of eggs laid would facilitate experimentation and vector control operations.201627863526
hiv and zika: when will we be able to end these epidemics? 201627846847
zika virus may affect the universal two-child policy: a new challenge for china. 201627832058
pyriproxyfen and the microcephaly epidemic in brazil - an ecological approach to explore the hypothesis of their association.the microcephaly epidemic in brazil generated intense debate regarding its causality, and one hypothesised cause of this epidemic, now recognised as congenital zika virus syndrome, was the treatment of drinking water tanks with pyriproxyfen to control aedes aegypti larvae. we present the results of a geographical analysis of the association between the prevalence of microcephaly confirmed by fenton growth charts and the type of larvicide used in the municipalities that were home to the mothers o ...201627812601
near-infrared spectroscopy, a rapid method for predicting the age of male and female wild-type and wolbachia infected aedes aegypti.estimating the age distribution of mosquito populations is crucial for assessing their capacity to transmit disease and for evaluating the efficacy of available vector control programs. this study reports on the capacity of the near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) technique to rapidly predict the ages of the principal dengue and zika vector, aedes aegypti. the age of wild-type males and females, and males and females infected with wmel and wmelpop strains of wolbachia pipientis were characterized u ...201627768689
analyzing climate variations at multiple timescales can guide zika virus response measures.the emergence of zika virus (zikv) in latin america and the caribbean in 2014-2016 occurred during a period of severe drought and unusually high temperatures, conditions that have been associated with the 2015-2016 el niño event, and/or climate change; however, no quantitative assessment has been made to date. analysis of related flaviviruses transmitted by the same vectors suggests that zikv dynamics are sensitive to climate seasonality and longer-term variability and trends. a better understan ...201627716414
genetic variability and spatial distribution in small geographic scale of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) under different climatic conditions in northeastern brazil.the study of the genetic structure of aedes aegypti is essential to understanding their population dynamics as well as for the analysis of factors responsible for their resistance and ecological adaptation. the use of molecular markers in identifying differences amongst populations of ae. aegypti in different geographical areas as well as the temporal variation of the vector populations has contributed to the improvement of vector control strategies. the present study aims to determine the genet ...201627716392
first detection of natural infection of aedes aegypti with zika virus in brazil and throughout south america.zika virus (zikv) has caused a major epidemic in brazil and several other american countries. zikv is an arbovirus whose natural vectors during epidemics have been poorly determined. in this study, 1,683 mosquitoes collected in the vicinity of zikv suspected cases in rio de janeiro, brazil, from june 2015 to may 2016 were screened for natural infection by using molecular methods. three pools of aedes aegypti were found with the zikv genome, one of which had only one male. this finding supports t ...201627706382
yellow fever-more a policy and planning problem than a biological one. 201627479749
oviposition ecology and species composition of aedes spp. and aedes aegypti dynamics in variously urbanized settings in arbovirus foci in southeastern côte d'ivoire.aedes mosquito-transmitted outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever have been reported from rural and urban parts of côte d'ivoire. the present study aimed at assessing aedes spp. oviposition ecology in variously urbanized settings within arbovirus foci in southeastern côte d'ivoire.201627682270
vector competence of french polynesian aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis for zika virus.in 2013-2014, french polynesia experienced for the first time a zika outbreak. two aedes mosquitoes may have contributed to zika virus (zikv) transmission in french polynesia: the worldwide distributed ae. aegypti and the polynesian islands-endemic ae. polynesiensis mosquito.201627654962
assessment of local mosquito species incriminates aedes aegypti as the potential vector of zika virus in australia.within the last 10 years zika virus (zikv) has caused unprecedented epidemics of human disease in the nations and territories of the western pacific and south america, and continues to escalate in both endemic and non-endemic regions. we evaluated the vector competence of australian mosquitoes for zikv to assess their potential role in virus transmission.201627643685
insights into zika virus history, human health effects, and control measures. 201627679523
salivary gland proteome during adult development and after blood feeding of female anopheles dissidens mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).understanding changes in mosquito salivary proteins during the time that sporozoite maturation occurs and after blood feeding may give information regarding the roles of salivary proteins during the malarial transmission. anopheles dissidens (formerly anopheles barbirostris species a1) is a potential vector of plasmodium vivax in thailand. in this study, analyses of the proteomic profiles of female an. dissidens salivary glands during adult development and after blood feeding were carried out us ...201627669021
towards a proteomic catalogue and differential annotation of salivary gland proteins in blood fed malaria vector anopheles culicifacies by mass spectrometry.in order to understand the importance of functional proteins in mosquito behavior, following blood meal, a baseline proteomic dataset is essential for providing insights into the physiology of blood feeding. therefore, in this study as first step, in solution and 1-d electrophoresis digestion approach combined with tandem mass spectrometry (nano lc-ms/ms) and computational bioinformatics for data mining was used to prepare a baseline proteomic catalogue of salivary gland proteins of sugar fed an ...201627602567
genome-wide identification and characterization of carboxypeptidase genes in silkworm (bombyx mori).the silkworm (bombyx mori) is an economically-important insect that can secrete silk. carboxypeptidases have been found in various metazoan species and play important roles in physiological and biochemical reactions. here, we analyzed the silkworm genome database and characterized 48 carboxypeptidases, including 34 metal carboxypeptidases (bmmcp1-bmmcp34) and 14 serine carboxypeptidases (bmscp1-bmscp14), to better understand their diverse functions. compared to other insects, our results indicat ...201627483237
malaria vector anopheles culicifacies sibling species differentiation using egg morphometry and morphology.the malaria vector anopheles culicifacies (sensu lato) is an important malaria vector in southeast asia which comprises of five sibling species namely a, b, c, d and e. however, only a few forms have been identified as malaria vectors in various endemic countries. currently, for the first time egg morphometry and morphology has been used to differentiate the three known vector sibling species of anopheles culicifacies collected from malaria endemic madhya pradesh state of central india.201627075571
entomological aspects and the role of human behaviour in malaria transmission in a highland region of the republic of yemen.the republic of yemen has the highest incidence of malaria in the arabian peninsula, yet little is known of its vectors or transmission dynamics.201626932794
mosquito host choices on livestock amplifiers of rift valley fever virus in kenya.animal hosts may vary in their attraction and acceptability as components of the host location process for assessing preference, and biting rates of vectors and risk of exposure to pathogens. however, these parameters remain poorly understood for mosquito vectors of the rift valley fever (rvf), an arboviral disease, and for a community of mosquitoes.201627036889
declining prevalence of disease vectors under climate change.more than half of the world population is at risk of vector-borne diseases including dengue fever, chikungunya, zika, yellow fever, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, and malaria, with highest incidences in tropical regions. in ecuador, vector-borne diseases are present from coastal and amazonian regions to the andes mountains; however, a detailed characterization of the distribution of their vectors has never been carried out. we estimate the distribution of 14 vectors of the above vector-borne dis ...201627982119
proteomic profile of the bradysia odoriphaga in response to the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole.benzothiazole, a microbial secondary metabolite, has been demonstrated to possess fumigant activity against sclerotinia sclerotiorum, ditylenchus destructor and bradysia odoriphaga. however, to facilitate the development of novel microbial pesticides, the mode of action of benzothiazole needs to be elucidated. here, we employed itraq-based quantitative proteomics analysis to investigate the effects of benzothiazole on the proteomic expression of b. odoriphaga. in response to benzothiazole, 92 of ...201627883048
the queenslandensis and the type form of the dengue fever mosquito (aedes aegypti l.) are genomically indistinguishable.the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) is a major vector of viral diseases like dengue fever, zika and chikungunya. aedes aegypti exhibits high morphological and behavioral variation, some of which is thought to be of epidemiological significance. globally distributed domestic ae. aegypti have often been grouped into (i) the very pale variety queenslandensis and (ii) the type form. because the two color forms co-occur across most of their range, there is interest in understanding how freely they interb ...201627806047
discovery of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel from african aedes aegypti populations: potential phylogenetic reasons for gene introgression.yellow fever is endemic in some countries in africa, and aedes aegpyti is one of the most important vectors implicated in the outbreak. the mapping of the nation-wide distribution and the detection of insecticide resistance of vector mosquitoes will provide the beneficial information for forecasting of dengue and yellow fever outbreaks and effective control measures.201627304430
detection and perception of generic host volatiles by mosquitoes modulate host preference: context dependence of (r)-1-octen-3-ol.natural selection favours a restricted host breadth in disease vector mosquitoes, indicating that there is an adaptive value associated with maintaining plasticity in host preference. one mechanism to maintain such plasticity is via the detection of generic cues by conserved peripheral olfactory pathways, which when perceived in different host odour contexts enable the identification of and discrimination among potential host species. here, we show that the context of an odour cue shapes host pe ...201628018630
larval nutritional stress affects vector life history traits and human malaria transmission.exposure to stress during an insect's larval development can have carry-over effects on adult life history traits and susceptibility to pathogens. we investigated the effects of larval nutritional stress for the first time using field mosquito vectors and malaria parasites. in contrast to previous studies, we show that larval nutritional stress may affect human to mosquito transmission antagonistically: nutritionally deprived larvae showed lower parasite prevalence for only one gametocyte carrie ...201627827429
multiple insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles funestus from northern cameroon is mediated by metabolic resistance alongside potential target site insensitivity mutations.despite the recent progress in establishing the patterns of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus, central african populations of this species remain largely uncharacterised. to bridge this important gap and facilitate the implementation of suitable control strategies against this vector, we characterised the resistance patterns of an. funestus population from northern cameroon.201627723825
tyrosine hydroxylase is crucial for maintaining pupal tanning and immunity in anopheles sinensis.tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the initial enzyme in the melanin pathway, catalyzes tyrosine conversion into dopa. although expression and regulation of th have been shown to affect cuticle pigmentation in insects, no direct functional studies to date have focused on the specific physiological processes involving the enzyme during mosquito development. in the current study, silencing of asth during the time period of continuous high expression in anopheles sinensis pupae led to significant impairmen ...201627416870
seeing is believing: the nocturnal malarial mosquito anopheles coluzzii responds to visual host-cues when odour indicates a host is nearby.the immediate aim of our study was to analyse the behaviour of the malarial mosquito anopheles coluzzii (an. gambiae species complex) near a human host with the ultimate aim of contributing to our fundamental understanding of mosquito host-seeking behaviour and the overall aim of identifying behaviours that could be exploited to enhance sampling and control strategies.201627260254
attractiveness of volatiles from different body parts to the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii is affected by deodorant compounds.mosquitoes display biting preferences among different sites of the human body. in addition to height or convection currents, body odour may play a role in the selection of these biting sites. previous studies have shown that skin emanations are important host-finding cues for mosquitoes. in this study, skin emanations were collected from armpits, hands and feet; the volatile profiles were analysed and tested for their attractiveness to the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii. skin emanations col ...201627251017
wolbachia infections in natural anopheles populations affect egg laying and negatively correlate with plasmodium development.the maternally inherited alpha-proteobacterium wolbachia has been proposed as a tool to block transmission of devastating mosquito-borne infectious diseases like dengue and malaria. here we study the reproductive manipulations induced by a recently identified wolbachia strain that stably infects natural mosquito populations of a major malaria vector, anopheles coluzzii, in burkina faso. we determine that these infections significantly accelerate egg laying but do not induce cytoplasmic incompati ...201627243367
the larvicidal effects of black pepper (piper nigrum l.) and piperine against insecticide resistant and susceptible strains of anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes.insecticide resistance carries the potential to undermine the efficacy of insecticide based malaria vector control strategies. therefore, there is an urgent need for new insecticidal compounds. black pepper (dried fruit from the vine, piper nigrum), used as a food additive and spice, and its principal alkaloid piperine, have previously been shown to have larvicidal properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the larvicidal effects of ground black pepper and piperine against third and fo ...201627117913
comparison of irradiation and wolbachia based approaches for sterile-male strategies targeting aedes albopictus.the global expansion of aedes albopictus together with the absence of vaccines for most of the arboviruses transmitted by this mosquito has stimulated the development of sterile-male strategies aiming at controlling disease transmission through the suppression of natural vector populations. in this context, two environmentally friendly control strategies, namely the sterile insect technique (sit) and the wolbachia-based incompatible insect technique (iit) are currently being developed in several ...201626765951
piwis go viral: arbovirus-derived pirnas in vector mosquitoes.vector mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of the majority of arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses. virus replication in these vectors needs to be sufficiently high to permit efficient virus transfer to vertebrate hosts. the mosquito immune response therefore is a key determinant for arbovirus transmission. mosquito antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by the small interfering rna pathway. besides this well-established antiviral machinery, the piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathway processe ...201628033427
viral rna silencing suppression: the enigma of bunyavirus nss proteins.the bunyaviridae is a family of arboviruses including both plant- and vertebrate-infecting representatives. the tospovirus genus accommodates plant-infecting bunyaviruses, which not only replicate in their plant host, but also in their insect thrips vector during persistent propagative transmission. for this reason, they are generally assumed to encounter antiviral rna silencing in plants and insects. here we present an overview on how tospovirus nonstructural nss protein counteracts antiviral r ...201627455310
biotype characterization, developmental profiling, insecticide response and binding property of bemisia tabaci chemosensory proteins: role of csp in insect defense.chemosensory proteins (csps) are believed to play a key role in the chemosensory process in insects. sequencing genomic dna and rna encoding csp1, csp2 and csp3 in the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci showed strong variation between b and q biotypes. analyzing csp-rna levels showed not only biotype, but also age and developmental stage-specific expression. interestingly, applying neonicotinoid thiamethoxam insecticide using twenty-five different dose/time treatments in b and q young adults s ...201627167733
reproductive incompatibility involving senegalese aedes aegypti (l) is associated with chromosome rearrangements.aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue, yellow fever and zika flaviviruses, consists of at least two subspecies. aedes aegypti (aaa) is light in color, has pale scales on the first abdominal tergite, oviposits in artificial containers, and preferentially feeds on humans. aedes aegypti formosus (aaf), has a dark cuticle, is restricted to sub-saharan africa, has no pale scales on the first abdominal tergite and frequently oviposits in natural containers. scale patterns correlate with cuticle ...201627105225
pyrosequencing the midgut transcriptome of the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus (germar) (coleoptera: curculionidae) reveals multiple protease-like transcripts.the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus is an important and serious insect pest in most banana and plantain-growing areas of the world. in spite of the economic importance of this insect pest very little genomic and transcriptomic information exists for this species. in the present study, we characterized the midgut transcriptome of c. sordidus using massive 454-pyrosequencing. we generated over 590,000 sequencing reads that assembled into 30,840 contigs with more than 400 bp, representing a sig ...201626949943
bacterial diversity of the american sand fly lutzomyia intermedia using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing.parasites of the genus leishmania cause a broad spectrum of diseases, collectively known as leishmaniasis, in humans worldwide. american cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease transmitted by sand fly vectors including lutzomyia intermedia, a proven vector. the female sand fly can acquire or deliver leishmania spp. parasites while feeding on a blood meal, which is required for nutrition, egg development and survival. the microbiota composition and abundance varies by food source, life sta ...201627581188
"the environment is everything that isn't me": molecular mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of insect clocks in variable surroundings.circadian rhythms are oscillations in behavior, metabolism and physiology that have a period close to 24 h. these rhythms are controlled by an internal pacemaker that evolved under strong selective pressures imposed by environmental cyclical changes, mainly of light and temperature. the molecular nature of the circadian pacemaker was extensively studied in a number of organisms under controlled laboratory conditions. but although these studies were fundamental to our understanding of the circadi ...201626793115
comparative performance of transcriptome assembly methods for non-model organisms.the technological revolution in next-generation sequencing has brought unprecedented opportunities to study any organism of interest at the genomic or transcriptomic level. transcriptome assembly is a crucial first step for studying the molecular basis of phenotypes of interest using rna-sequencing (rna-seq). however, the optimal strategy for assembling vast amounts of short rna-seq reads remains unresolved, especially for organisms without a sequenced genome. this study compared four transcript ...201627464550
characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in leishmania attachment.leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. laboratory studies on sand fly competence to leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of leishmania species. in a previous s ...201627457627
purification and characterization of a novel kazal-type trypsin inhibitor from the leech of hirudinaria manillensis.kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors are found in a large number of living organisms and play crucial roles in various biological and physiological processes. although some kazal-type serine protease inhibitors have been identified in leeches, none has been reported from hirudinaria manillensis, which is a medically important leech. in this study, a novel kazal-type trypsin inhibitor was isolated from leech h. manillensis, purified and named as bdellin-hm based on the sequence similarity with ...201627455325
an improved mosquito electrocuting trap that safely reproduces epidemiologically relevant metrics of mosquito human-feeding behaviours as determined by human landing catch.reliable quantification of mosquito host-seeking behaviours is required to determine the efficacy of vector control methods. for malaria, the gold standard approach remains the risky human landing catch (hlc). here compare the performance of an improved prototype of the mosquito electrocuting grid trap (met) as a safer alternative with hlc for measuring malaria vector behaviour in dar es salaam, tanzania.201627618941
sexual differences in prevalence of a new species of trypanosome infecting túngara frogs.trypanosomes are a diverse group of protozoan parasites of vertebrates transmitted by a variety of hematophagous invertebrate vectors. anuran trypanosomes and their vectors have received relatively little attention even though these parasites have been reported from frog and toad species worldwide. blood samples collected from túngara frogs (engystomops pustulosus), a neotropical anuran species heavily preyed upon by eavesdropping frog-biting midges (corethrella spp.), were examined for trypanos ...201626977404
genetic diversity and phylogeny of aedes aegypti, the main arbovirus vector in the pacific.the pacific region is an area unique in the world, composed of thousands of islands with differing climates and environments. the spreading and establishment of the mosquito aedes aegypti in these islands might be linked to human migration. ae. aegypti is the major vector of arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses) in the region. the intense circulation of these viruses in the pacific during the last decade led to an increase of vector control measures by local health authorities. the ...201626799213
molecular diversity between salivary proteins from new world and old world sand flies with emphasis on bichromomyia olmeca, the sand fly vector of leishmania mexicana in mesoamerica.sand fly saliva has been shown to have proteins with potent biological activities, salivary proteins that can be used as biomarkers of vector exposure, and salivary proteins that are candidate vaccines against different forms of leishmaniasis. sand fly salivary gland transcriptomic approach has contributed significantly to the identification and characterization of many of these salivary proteins from important leishmania vectors; however, sand fly vectors in some regions of the world are still ...201627409591
mating-induced transcriptome changes in the reproductive tract of female aedes aegypti.the aedes aegypti mosquito is a significant public health threat, as it is the main vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses. disease control efforts could be enhanced through reproductive manipulation of these vectors. previous work has revealed a relationship between male seminal fluid proteins transferred to females during mating and female post-mating physiology and behavior. to better understand this interplay, we used short-read rna sequencing to identify gene expression changes in the low ...201626901677
identification and genomic analysis of a novel group c orthobunyavirus isolated from a mosquito captured near iquitos, peru.group c orthobunyaviruses are single-stranded rna viruses found in both south and north america. until very recently, and despite their status as important vector-borne human pathogens, no group c whole genome sequences containing all three segments were available in public databases. here we report a group c orthobunyavirus, named el huayo virus, isolated from a pool of culex portesi mosquitoes captured near iquitos, peru. although initial metagenomic analysis yielded only a handful of reads be ...201627074162
culex quinquefasciatus larval microbiomes vary with instar and exposure to common wastewater contaminants.like many insects, mosquitoes, rely on endosymbionts to grow and develop. these can be acquired from the environment. we used next generation 454 pyrosequencing to discern the whole-body microbiome of the mosquito species culex quinquefasciatus in various larval stadia and following exposure to common pharmaceutical and personal care products (ppcps) found in wastewater. ppcp treatments included environmentally-relevant concentrations; 1) a combination of common antibiotics, 2) a combination of ...201626912375
inhibition and larvicidal activity of phenylpropanoids from piper sarmentosum on acetylcholinesterase against mosquito vectors and their binding mode of interaction.aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus are vectors of dengue fever and west nile virus diseases. this study was conducted to determine the toxicity, mechanism of action and the binding interaction of three active phenylpropanoids from piper sarmentosum (piperaceae) toward late 3rd or early 4th larvae of above vectors. a bioassay guided-fractionation on the hexane extract from the roots of piper sarmentosum led to the isolation and identification of three active phenylpropanoi ...201627152416
zika virus: a new animal model for an arbovirus. 201627149628
chikungunya fever cases identified in the veterans health administration system, 2014.during december 2013, the first locally transmitted chikungunya virus (chikv) infections in the americas were reported in the caribbean. although chikv infection is rarely fatal, risk for severe disease increases with age and medical comorbidities. herein we describe characteristics of veterans health administration (vha) patients with chikv infection and, among those with infections diagnosed in puerto rico, investigated risk factors for hospitalization.201627144588
multi-stakeholder decision aid for improved prioritization of the public health impact of climate sensitive infectious diseases.the effects of climate change on infectious diseases are an important global health concern and necessitate decisions for allocation of resources. economic tools have been used previously; however, how prioritization results might differ when done using broader considerations identified by local stakeholders has yet to be assessed. a multicriteria decision analysis (mcda) approach was used to assess multi-stakeholder expressed concerns around disease prioritization via focus groups held in quebe ...201627077875
zika virus outbreak in rio de janeiro, brazil: clinical characterization, epidemiological and virological aspects.in 2015, brazil was faced with the cocirculation of three arboviruses of major public health importance. the emergence of zika virus (zikv) presents new challenges to both clinicians and public health authorities. overlapping clinical features between diseases caused by zikv, dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) and the lack of validated serological assays for zikv make accurate diagnosis difficult.201627070912
flavivirus vaccines: innovate, invest, implement. 201627211530
harnessing the power of defensive microbes: evolutionary implications in nature and disease control. 201627058881
neglected tropical diseases in the anthropocene: the cases of zika, ebola, and other infections. 201627058728
establishment of a novel primary human skeletal myoblast cellular model for chikungunya virus infection and pathogenesis.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a re-emerging arbovirus known to cause chronic myalgia and arthralgia and is now considered endemic in countries across asia and africa. the tissue tropism of chikv infection in humans remains, however, ill-defined. due to the fact that myositis is commonly observed in most patients infected with chikv, we sought to develop a clinically relevant cellular model to better understand the pathogenesis of chikv infection. in this study, primary human skeletal muscle myobl ...201626892458
high prevalence of west nile virus in domestic birds and detection in 2 new mosquito species in madagascar.west nile virus is an arthropod-borne zoonosis transmitted by a large number of mosquito species, and birds play a key role as reservoir of the virus. its distribution is largely widespread over africa, asia, the americas and europe. since 1978, it has frequently been reported in madagascar. studies described a high seroprevalence level of the virus in humans in different areas of the island and a human fatal case of wnv infection was reported in 2011. despite these reports, the epidemiology of ...201626807720
digestion of yeasts and beta-1,3-glucanases in mosquito larvae: physiological and biochemical considerations.aedes aegypti larvae ingest several kinds of microorganisms. in spite of studies regarding mosquito digestion, little is known about the nutritional utilization of ingested cells by larvae. we investigated the effects of using yeasts as the sole nutrient source for a. aegypti larvae. we also assessed the role of beta-1,3-glucanases in digestion of live yeast cells. beta-1,3-glucanases are enzymes which hydrolyze the cell wall beta-1,3-glucan polyssacharide. larvae were fed with cat food (control ...201627007411
four emerging arboviral diseases in north america: jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika virus diseases.arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies. there are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. recently, jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease in north america. unfortunately, there are currently no proven disease-modifying therapies fo ...201626903031
genetic drift, purifying selection and vector genotype shape dengue virus intra-host genetic diversity in mosquitoes.due to their error-prone replication, rna viruses typically exist as a diverse population of closely related genomes, which is considered critical for their fitness and adaptive potential. intra-host demographic fluctuations that stochastically reduce the effective size of viral populations are a challenge to maintaining genetic diversity during systemic host infection. arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) traverse several anatomical barriers during infection of their arthropod vectors that are ...201627304978
toxicity of boswellia dalzielii (burseraceae) leaf fractions against immature stages of anopheles gambiae (giles) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) (diptera: culicidae).mosquitoes are vectors of several human pathogens, and great attention has recently been placed on insecticides from plant-derived products, in search for mosquito control agents. this study, thus, investigated the potency of boswellia dalzielii methanol leaf extract and its four fractions as mosquito ovicide, larvicide, and pupicide against anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus. the plant products were tested at the following concentrations: 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm on eggs and ...201627279752
navigating the zika panic.the epidemics of ebola virus in west africa and zika virus in america highlight how viruses can explosively emerge into new territories. these epidemics also exposed how unprepared we are to handle infectious disease emergencies. this is also true when we consider hypothesized new clinical features of infection, such as the associations between zika virus infection and severe neurological disease, including microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome. on the surface, these pathologies appear to be ...201627746903
preventing zika virus infection during pregnancy using a seasonal window of opportunity for conception.it has come to light that zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy can result in trans-placental transmission to the fetus along with fetal death, congenital microcephaly, and/or central nervous system (cns) malformations. there are projected to be >9,200,000 births annually in countries with ongoing zikv transmission. in response to the zikv threat, the world health organization (who) is strategically targeting prevention of infection in pregnant women and funding contraception in epidemic ...201627467271
selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses.arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ...201627455096
infection rates by dengue virus in mosquitoes and the influence of temperature may be related to different endemicity patterns in three colombian cities.colombia is an endemic country for dengue fever where the four serotypes of virus dengue (denv1-4) circulate simultaneously, and all types are responsible for dengue cases in the country. the control strategies are guided by entomological surveillance. however, heterogeneity in aedic indices is not well correlated with the incidence of the disease in cities such as riohacha, bello and villavicencio. as an alternative, molecular detection of dengue virus in mosquitoes has been proposed as a usefu ...201627455289
composition and genetic diversity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) on islands and mainland shores of kenya's lakes victoria and baringo.the lake baringo and lake victoria regions of kenya are associated with high seroprevalence of mosquito-transmitted arboviruses. however, molecular identification of potential mosquito vector species, including morphologically identified ones, remains scarce. to estimate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mosquito vectors on the mainland shores and adjacent inhabited islands in these regions, we collected and morphologically identified adult and immature mosquitoes and obtained the co ...201627402888
using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to mark wild populations of anopheles and aedes mosquitoes in south-eastern tanzania.marking wild mosquitoes is important for understanding their ecology, behaviours and role in disease transmission. traditional insect marking techniques include using fluorescent dyes, protein labels, radioactive labels and tags, but such techniques have various limitations; notably low marker retention and inability to mark wild mosquitoes at source. stable isotopes are gaining wide spread use for non-invasive marking of arthropods, permitting greater understanding of mosquito dispersal and res ...201627392083
vector competence of northern european culex pipiens biotypes and hybrids for west nile virus is differentially affected by temperature.outbreaks of west nile virus (wnv) have not occurred in northern europe despite nearby circulation of wnv in the southern part of the continent. the main vector for wnv, the mosquito culex (cx.) pipiens, consists of two behaviorally distinct biotypes, pipiens and molestus, which can form hybrids. although temperature has been shown to influence vector competence of cx. pipiens for wnv and biotypes are differentially susceptible towards infection, the interaction between the two has not been eluc ...201627388451
infectivity of immature neurons to zika virus: a link to congenital zika syndrome.epidemiological data strongly suggest that microcephaly cases in brazil are associated with the ongoing epidemic of zika virus (zikv). in order to further solidify the possible link, we investigated the infectivity of zikv using various neuroblastoma (nb) cell lines.201627364784
has rift valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in east africa?rift valley fever (rvf) outbreaks have occurred across eastern africa from 1912 to 2010 approximately every 4-15 years, most of which have not been accompanied by significant epidemics in human populations. however, human epidemics during rvf outbreaks in eastern africa have involved 478 deaths in 1998, 1107 reported cases with 350 deaths from 2006 to 2007 and 1174 cases with 241 deaths in 2008. we review the history of rvf outbreaks in eastern africa to identify the epidemiological factors that ...201627329846
spatial and temporal hot spots of aedes albopictus abundance inside and outside a south european metropolitan area.aedes albopictus is a tropical invasive species which in the last decades spread worldwide, also colonizing temperate regions of europe and us, where it has become a public health concern due to its ability to transmit exotic arboviruses, as well as severe nuisance problems due to its aggressive daytime outdoor biting behaviour. while several studies have been carried out in order to predict the potential limits of the species expansions based on eco-climatic parameters, few studies have so far ...201627333276
synthetic strategy and antiviral evaluation of diamide containing heterocycles targeting dengue and yellow fever virus.high-throughput screening of a subset of the cd3 chemical library (centre for drug design and discovery; ku leuven) provided us with a lead compound 1, displaying low micromolar potency against dengue virus and yellow fever virus. within a project aimed at discovering new inhibitors of flaviviruses, substitution of its central imidazole ring led to synthesis of variably substituted pyrazine dicarboxylamides and phthalic diamides, which were evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and ant ...201627240271
resurgence of yellow fever in angola, 2015-2016. 201627536787
the wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of zika virus by aedes aegypti.zika virus (zikv) is causing an explosive outbreak of febrile disease in the americas. there are no effective antiviral therapies or licensed vaccines for this virus, and mosquito control strategies have not been adequate to contain the virus. a promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue virus (denv) transmission; however, e ...201627364935
the threat of zika virus in sub-saharan africa - the need to remain vigilant. 201627303663
public health round-up. 201627147758
the wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti.new approaches to preventing chikungunya virus (chikv) are needed because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations, and they have not prevented the invasion of this virus into new locales, nor have they been sufficient to control the virus upon arrival. a promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue viru ...201627124663
unique pfk regulatory property from some mosquito vectors of disease, and from drosophila melanogaster.arthropod-borne diseases are some of the most rapidly spreading diseases. reducing the vector population is currently the only effective way to reduce case numbers. central metabolic pathways are potential targets to control vector populations, but have not been well explored to this aim. the information available on energy metabolism, as a way to control lifespan and dispersion through flight of dipteran vectors, is inadequate.201626911930
a comprehensive systems biology approach to studying zika virus.zika virus (zikv) is responsible for an ongoing and intensifying epidemic in the western hemisphere. we examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 zikv strains representing temporally diverse members of the african lineage, the asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the americas. derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. employment of the m8 model did not ...201627584813
culex pipiens and aedes triseriatus mosquito susceptibility to zika virus. 201627434194
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