Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| decline of maternal hepatitis a virus antibody levels in infants. | hepatitis a is a common viral infection causing substantial morbidity and mortality. the anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination in infants would guarantee control of the infection. however, the immunogenicity of the hav vaccine in infants could be impaired by the presence of passively acquired maternal hav antibodies. this study evaluated the prevalence of hav antibodies in 103 women at delivery and in their babies in the first year of life. eighteen mothers (17.5%) had anti-hav serum level >1 ... | 2002 | 12222709 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in fulminant hepatitis patients and an apparently healthy population in bangladesh. | this is the first study comparing hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in bangladesh in fulminant hepatitis (fh) patients presumed to have a viral cause and in the apparently healthy population. sera from 22 fh patients were analyzed for antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c and d viruses, and hev and for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). anti-hev immunoglobulin m (igm) was detected in the sera of 63.6% of patients, whereas 35.7% were positive for hbsag. a h ... | 2002 | 12224580 |
| present epidemiological pattern of antibody to hepatitis a virus among chiang mai children, northern thailand. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is common in southeast asia, and most of the inhabitants acquire a lifelong immunity as a result of natural infection during childhood. however, the age-specific seroprevalence is changing with development of socioeconomic and hygiene status in this area and the infection is predicted to shift to adulthood with more severe clinical manifestations in the future. in this study, we report the present epidemiological pattern of antibody to hav (anti-hav) among schoo ... | 2002 | 12236424 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a antibodies among children's hospital staff. | with improved socioeconomic conditions, adults are more frequently seronegative for hepatitis a virus (hav) and therefore susceptible to infection. a safe and efficacious active hav vaccine has been developed and licensed. the general recommendation is to vaccinate populations at increased occupational exposure to hav. | 2002 | 12237591 |
| mixed infection of a child care provider with hepatitis a virus isolates from subgenotypes ia and ib revealed by heteroduplex mobility assay. | phylogenetic analysis based on a 168 base segment encompassing the putative vp1/2a junction of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome has enabled the classification of hav isolates into seven genotypes (i-vii). genotype i, which includes the vast majority of the human hav isolates, has been divided further into subgenotypes ia and ib. an heteroduplex mobility assay was designed with amplification products from the vp1/2a junction region, and used as a genotyping method able to discriminate hav isola ... | 2003 | 12505637 |
| capsid functions of inactivated human picornaviruses and feline calicivirus. | the exceptional stability of enteric viruses probably resides in their capsids. the capsid functions of inactivated human picornaviruses and feline calicivirus (fcv) were determined. viruses were inactivated by uv, hypochlorite, high temperature (72 degrees c), and physiological temperature (37 degrees c), all of which are pertinent to transmission via food and water. poliovirus (pv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are transmissible via water and food, and fcv is the best available surrogate for the ... | 2003 | 12514015 |
| vaccination strategies against hepatitis a in southern europe. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is decreasing in southern european countries, where epidemiological conditions vary among regions depending on the social and health-care system development. in high endemic settings, hav infection has not heavy social and economic weight while in countries with a moderate/low degree of endemia there is a call for targeted vaccination policy. in countries, like spain and in italy, where several studies confirm an increase in susceptible adults, vaccination strat ... | 2003 | 12531342 |
| genome variability and capsid structural constraints of hepatitis a virus. | the number of synonymous mutations per synonymous site (k(s)), the number of nonsynonymous mutations per nonsynonymous site (k(a)), and the codon usage statistic (n(c)) were calculated for several hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates. while k(s) was similar to those of poliovirus (pv) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), k(a) was 1 order of magnitude lower. the n(c) parameter provides information on codon usage bias and decreases when bias increases. the n(c) value in hav was about 38, while in ... | 2003 | 12477850 |
| hav replication in acute hepatitis with typical and atypical clinical course. | the correlation between the length of viremia as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the clinical course of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection was studied. sixty-six consecutive patients with acute hepatitis a who were admitted to hospital in two infectious disease units in southern italy were enrolled: 57 had a self-limited course of the disease (typical course), 4 a prolonged course, and 5 relapsing hepatitis. plasma hav rna was sought by rt-pcr, using prime ... | 2003 | 12858402 |
| importance of amino acid 216 in nonstructural protein 2b for replication of hepatitis a virus in cell culture and in vivo. | clinical isolates of hepatitis a virus (hav) replicate inefficiently in cell culture unless mutations are acquired throughout the genome. an ala-to-val substitution in the nonstructural protein 2b (2b-216) was known to have a major impact on replication in cell culture. analysis of chimeric viruses confirmed that the 2b-a[216]v change was critical for efficient replication and that leu or ile could substitute for val. viruses containing val, ile, or leu at 2b-216 all replicated with similar kine ... | 2003 | 12858403 |
| outbreak of hepatitis a in the injecting drug user and homeless populations in bristol: control by a targeted vaccination programme and possible parenteral transmission. | to study the use of hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination in controlling an outbreak of hav in inner-city bristol among injecting drug users (idus). to study whether hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) co-infection increases morbidity. | 2003 | 12867801 |
| hepatitis a virus infections in injecting drug users. | 2003 | 12889283 | |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a: should we be doing more to vaccinate injecting drug users? | since 2001 there have been significant outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) across south yorkshire, largely in intravenous drug users, and hav infection has been reported to be an increasing problem in england and scotland during this time. this paper reports a brief investigation to clarify current hav epidemiology in england and wales. the epidemiology of hav in england, but not yet wales, has recently changed. laboratory reports now show that most cases are occurring in young adults, mainly y ... | 2003 | 12889286 |
| outbreak of hepatitis a infection among intravenous drug users in suffolk and suspected risk factors. | a prolonged outbreak of hepatitis a infection amongst drug users in suffolk prompted a study of the natural immunity against hepatitis a in this population, and a retrospective analysis of the relationship between specific drug-taking behaviours and the risk of hepatitis a infection. prior to the outbreak, age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a igg in drug users was similar to that amongst blood donors in the region. of those without effective immunity, intravenous drug users, multiple drug ... | 2003 | 12889287 |
| recent advance on viral hepatitis a. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is an old disease in the world, usually spread by the fecal-oral route. the uncomplicated patients usually recovery within 6 months. its mortality is age-dependent. a high fatality rate with fulminate course and among chronic hepatitis b or c patients with hav super-infection was observed. in recent two to three decades, the improvement of public health and hygiene has reduced the incidence of hepatitis a in children and adolescents worldwide; therefore, a massi ... | 2003 | 12889499 |
| [expression of hepatitis a virus procapsids in the insect cells infected by recombinant baculovirus]. | the recombinant baculocvirus containing genome p1-2a-p3 of hepatitis a virus (hav) was constructed and used for infecting the sf9 insect cells. it was demonstrated that the deletion of 2bc from hav polyprotein and the insertion of a new 3c protease cleavage site between p1-2a and p3 did not interfere with the processing of polyprotein or with forming the 70s-procapsids. the identity of the protein contents as well as of morphological and antigen characteristics, obtained in sf9-cells, to hav emp ... | 2003 | 12894479 |
| retrospective detection of a subclinical hepatitis a virus (hav) epidemic affecting juvenile cohorts of the hungarian population. | sero-epidemiological surveys of serum samples taken in 1982, 1987, 1994 and 1999 have been performed with hepatitis a virus-specific (hav-specific) serological tests. results obtained during these surveys show that the proportion of seropositive blood donors decreased from 69% to 18% within 17 years. the authors have recognised a (mainly subclinical) epidemic, affecting about 115000 teenagers in 1992-1994 in hungary, is a threatening phenomenon. it was calculated that only about 3600 clinical di ... | 2003 | 12900060 |
| alteration of hepatitis a virus (hav) particles by a soluble form of hav cellular receptor 1 containing the immunoglobin-and mucin-like regions. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infects african green monkey kidney cells via hav cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1). the ectodomain of havcr-1 contains an n-terminal cysteine-rich immunoglobin-like region (d1), followed by a mucin-like region that extends d1 well above the cell surface. d1 is required for binding of hav, and a soluble construct containing d1 fused to the hinge and fc portions of human immunoglobin g1 (igg1), d1-fc, bound and neutralized hav inefficiently. however, d1-fc did not alter the vi ... | 2003 | 12901378 |
| pattern of viral hepatitis infection in a selected population from saudi arabia. | viral hepatitis is an important health problem worldwide. globally, three major viruses are the leading cause of hepatitis: hepatitis a, b, and c. in this study, we have investigated the pattern of hepatitis among the national guard personnel and their extended families seen in the central region of saudi arabia. the most dominant type of hepatitis infection was hepatitis b virus (hbv), followed by hepatitis c virus (hcv), and to a lesser extent hepatitis a virus (hav). our results showed three ... | 2003 | 12901469 |
| factors affecting hepatitis vaccination refusal at a sexually transmitted disease clinic among men who have sex with men. | men who have sex with men (msm) attending sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics should be considered candidates for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination. however, vaccination rates in std clinics remain less than optimal. | 2003 | 12916132 |
| viral hepatitis among young men who have sex with men: prevalence of infection, risk behaviors, and vaccination. | men who have sex with men (msm) are at risk for acquiring hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). | 2003 | 12916134 |
| immunological priming of one dose of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine given during the first year of life in presence of maternal antibodies. | in hepatitis a virus (hav)-seronegative infants, inactivated hepatitis a vaccines are highly immunogenic. on the contrary, in infants who are hav-seropositive before vaccination, the interfering effect of passively-transferred maternal anti-hav antibodies leads to lower post-primary immunization anti-hav levels, as compared to those achieved by seronegative infants. one possible way to overcome this drawback is to delay hepatitis a vaccination later during the first year of life. the objective o ... | 2003 | 12922104 |
| lack of evidence for fecal-oral transmission of helicobacter pylori infection in taiwanese. | helicobacter pylori infection is primarily acquired in early childhood and its transmission routes are debated. the aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-h. pylori immunoglobulin g (igg) in taiwanese and to investigate whether a common mode of transmission could be shared between h. pylori and hepatitis a virus (hav). | 2003 | 12923589 |
| efficacy of virosome hepatitis a vaccine in young children in nicaragua: randomized placebo-controlled trial. | immunization of young children could control hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, but the efficacy of hepatitis a vaccines in early childhood is unknown. in a randomized, double-blind trial of a single dose of a virosome-formulated, aluminum-free inactivated hav vaccine in nicaragua, 274 children (age range, 1.5-6 years) received vaccine or placebo injections; 239 children seronegative for hepatitis a were included in the primary efficacy analysis. hav infection documented by immunoglobulin m anti ... | 2003 | 12934183 |
| comparison between specific and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis a virus, poliovirus and rotavirus in experimentally seeded oysters. | outbreaks of gastroenteritis have occurred among consumers of raw or undercooked shellfish harvested from faecally polluted waters. a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied for the simultaneous detection of hepatitis a virus (hav), poliovirus (pv) and simian rotavirus (rv-sa11) and compared with specific primers for each genome sequence. three amplified dna products representing hav (192 bp), pv (394 bp) and rv (278 bp) were identified when positive contro ... | 2003 | 12937755 |
| viral and clinical factors associated with the fulminant course of hepatitis a infection. | fulminant hepatitis is a severe complication of hepatitis a virus infection. its mechanism is unknown. liver transplantation can be necessary, but spontaneous recovery is frequent. there are no data on the level of viral replication according to the clinical form of hepatitis a. we reviewed the files of 50 patients with acute hepatitis a. nineteen patients had fulminant hepatitis (defined by encephalopathy and factor v <50%), and, from them, 10 patients underwent transplantation. hepatitis a vir ... | 2003 | 12939587 |
| hepatitis a igg seropositivity and coronary atherosclerosis assessed by angiography. | infectious agents, in particular intracellular pathogens that can establish long-term, persistent infection, may play an important role in atherogenesis. we tested the hypothesis that hepatitis a virus (hav) could be associated with significant coronary artery disease. | 2003 | 12957749 |
| comparison of four extraction methods to detect hepatitis a virus rna in serum and stool samples. | the efficiency of extraction methods for hepatitis a virus (hav) rna in clinical samples is of great importance for molecular diagnosis, especially in regions endemic for hav, such as brazil. we compared the efficiency of four different extraction techniques in serum and stool samples for the detection of hepatitis a virus by reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr). we used pcr to analyse serum and stool samples of 12 patients who were referred to the brazilian reference center for viral hepatitis (b ... | 2003 | 12959685 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in shellfish (mytilus galloprovincialis) with rt-pcr. | a pcr assay for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in shellfish is described. the procedure involves the concentration of viral particles with the use of polyethylene glycol (peg), followed by viral rna extraction and purification with oligo(dt) cellulose. reverse transcriptase-pcr detection was accomplished in a single step with the use of primers specific for the vp3-vp1 region of the genome. the procedure detected one 50% tissue culture infective dose (0.6 pfu) per 25 g of shellfish hom ... | 2003 | 14503725 |
| sleep enhances the human antibody response to hepatitis a vaccination. | the common belief that sleep supports immune defense has received surprisingly little direct experimental support. the antibody response to vaccination provides a valid tool to assess the influence of sleep on adaptive immune functioning in humans, which is also clinically relevant. | 2003 | 14508028 |
| hepatitis a booster vaccination: is there a need? | hepatitis a is one of the most common vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in the world. effective vaccines against hepatitis a have been available since 1992, and they provide long-term immunity against the infection. however, there is no worldwide consensus on how long protection will last or whether there will be a need for hepatitis a virus (hav) booster vaccinations in the future. in most countries, booster-vaccination policy is guided by manufacturers' recommendations, national authorit ... | 2003 | 14522539 |
| seroepidemiology of helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus and the mode of transmission of infection: a 9-year cohort study in rural japan. | we compared the seroepidemiologic patterns of helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections among participants in 2 independent cross-sectional studies conducted in japan in 1986 and 1994. subgroups were monitored with successive blood sampling. h. pylori and hav infection status was defined by results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. in 1986, the prevalence of h. pylori infection and hav infection, respectively, were 80% and 70% among adults and 31% and 5% among children. the ... | 2003 | 14523771 |
| regional variation in the cost effectiveness of childhood hepatitis a immunization. | routine childhood hepatitis a immunization is recommended in regions with incidence rates twice the national average, but it may be cost-effective in a wider geographic area. | 2003 | 14551492 |
| antibody titres after primary and booster vaccination of infants and young children with a virosomal hepatitis a vaccine (epaxal). | to evaluate the immunogenicity and tolerability of epaxal in infants and children, 30 infants (aged 6-7 months) and 30 children (aged 5-7 years) received a single intramuscular dose of the aluminium-free virosomal hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine epaxal and a booster dose after 12 months. anti-hav antibody titres were measured at baseline (before injection), at 1 and 12 months after primary vaccination, and 1 month after the booster vaccination. sixteen evaluable infants had maternal anti-hav ant ... | 2003 | 14575771 |
| [hepatitis a virus infection. a review]. | the virus responsible for hepatitis a--hepatitis a virus (hav)--is a small, spherical, and exceptionally resistant rna-virus. it is transmitted preferentially by the faecal-oral route and apparently replicates exclusively in the liver. the damage of the liver ensuing from hav infection most likely does not stem directly from virus replication but is the result of an interaction of cell mediated virus-specific immunity with infected hepatocytes. infection is usually self limiting, yet, in individ ... | 2003 | 14579471 |
| a combined dual-chamber typhoid/hepatitis a vaccine as a booster dose in hepatitis a primed adults. | vivaxim is a combined hepatitis a/typhoid fever vaccine (ha/vi) licensed for vaccination of travellers, but long-term protection against hepatitis a requires two immunisations at least 6 months apart. a randomised, controlled study was performed in 116 healthy adults primed with hepatitis a vaccine (avaxim) to compare immune responses to ha/vi and avaxim given as booster doses 6 months later. both vaccines elicited marked booster responses achieving antibody geometric mean titres (gmts) of 4576 ... | 2003 | 14585671 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis a in hospitalized patients in limoges university hospital]. | age-specific prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies (igg and igm anti hav). | 2003 | 14586245 |
| evidence against the fecal-oral route of transmission for helicobacter pylori infection in childhood. | acquisition of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) occurs mainly in childhood. however, little is known about the mode of transmission. in such developing countries as turkey, where the hygienic situation facilitates the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav), infection with hav is mainly transmitted via the enteral route. therefore, it seemed advisable to evaluate the role of fecal-oral transmission in the spread of h. pylori. | 2003 | 14586275 |
| evidence for quasispecies distributions in the human hepatitis a virus genome. | nucleotide sequence analysis of multiple molecular clones of the hepatitis a virus (hav), generated by reverse transcription-pcr of two capsid-coding regions, revealed a degree of heterogeneity compatible with a quasispecies structure in three clinical samples. passage of plaque-purified reference strain hav phm175 43c in frhk-4 cells documented the generation of a mutant distribution of hav genomes. the mutant spectra showed mutation frequencies in the range of 1 x 10(-3) to 1 x 10(-4) substitu ... | 2003 | 14592757 |
| a review of combined hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccination for travelers. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are the 2 most common vaccine-preventable diseases for which travelers are at risk. these viruses are a significant public health concern, as both hav and hbv cause substantial morbidity and both can be fatal. | 2003 | 14604737 |
| the relation between anti-hepatitis a virus antibodies and residence water access in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the objective of this study was to analyse the relation between residence water access (water taps) and hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies, associated with socio-economic, environmental and demographic factors. | 2003 | 14626904 |
| effects of hepatitis a vaccination on atherogenesis in a murine model. | our laboratory demonstrated that seropositivity to hepatitis a virus (hav) independently predicts risk for coronary artery disease (cad). as these findings are based only on the presence of hav-specific antibodies, and not infectious virus, this prompted questions regarding possible effects of hav vaccines on cad development. if seropositivity to hav alone, resulting from hav vaccination, leads to increased atherogenesis, this raises important issues regarding the benefit of protection against h ... | 2003 | 14633176 |
| does infection with hepatitis a virus provide protection against hepatitis e virus? | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) share some common epidemiologic features, but the dramatic age-related difference in their disease prevalences suggests that the immune response to hav may provide some cross-protection against hev. | 2003 | 12581608 |
| persistence of hepatitis a virus in oysters. | we investigated the ability of hepatitis a virus (hav) to persist for up to 6 weeks in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica). viral rna was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 6 weeks after 16 h of exposure to 90,000 pfu (180 pfu/ml of seawater) of hav. assaying for infectious virus in oysters that received a daily feeding of phytoplankton recovered 3,800, 650, and 500 pfu of hav 1, 2, and 3 weeks after contamination with 90,000 pfu of hav, respectively. however, no inf ... | 2003 | 12597498 |
| rectal immunization of mice with hepatitis a vaccine induces stronger systemic and local immune responses than parenteral immunization. | systemic (spleen cell (splc), serum antibodies) and intestinal mucosal (peyer's patch cells (ppc), lamina propria lymphocytes (lpls), coproantibodies) immune responses were compared in mice immunized with varying doses (144, 72, 36, 18 elisa units [eu]) of havrix, an alum-adsorbed killed hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine, delivered either intrarectally (i.r.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) in three doses at weekly intervals. hav-specific igg, igm, and iga antibody responses were evaluated by elispot ... | 2003 | 12615450 |
| prevalence of antibodies to selected viruses in a long-term closed breeding colony of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in brazil. | the rhesus macaque breeding colony of the oswaldo cruz foundation (fiocruz) was established in 1932 from a founding stock of 100 animals. this population has remained closed to new animal introductions for almost 70 years. a serologic survey was performed to determine the prevalence of antibodies to selected viruses as a first approach to identifying viral pathogens endemic in this population. banked serum samples were tested for antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian t-lympho ... | 2003 | 12619046 |
| antigenic hepatitis a virus structures may be produced in escherichia coli. | the synthesis of 14s pentamers and 70s empty capsids of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been accomplished by expressing the viral genome for periods of time longer than 4 h in escherichia coli. hav pentamers (14s) self-assembled into capsids (70s) in vitro. the antibodies induced by these structures recognized and neutralized hav. | 2003 | 12620879 |
| immunofluorescent detection and quantitation of hepatitis a virus in sewage treatment effluent and on agri-food surfaces using scanning confocal microscopy. | an immunofluorescent (if) assay was developed for specific detection and quantitation of hepatitis a virus (hav) in sewage treatment effluent or attached to stainless steel, copper, high density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride surfaces. polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits and characterized for specificity to hav. purified anti-hav antibodies were used in combination with alexa-anti-rabbit conjugate and confocal microscopy for detection and quantitation of hav in effluent samples. ... | 2003 | 12565149 |
| incidence of enteric viruses in groundwater from household wells in wisconsin. | recent studies on the contamination of groundwater with human enteric viruses have focused on public water systems, whereas little is known about the occurrence of viruses in private household wells. the objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of viruses in wisconsin household wells located near septage land application sites or in rural subdivisions served by septic systems. fifty wells in seven hydrogeologic districts were sampled four times over a year, once each season. ... | 2003 | 12571044 |
| fluid mechanics, cell distribution, and environment in cellcube bioreactors. | cultivation of mrc-5 cells and attenuated hepatitis a virus (hav) for the production of vaqta, an inactivated hav vaccine (1), is performed in the cellcube reactor, a laminar flow fixed-bed bioreactor with an unusual diamond-shaped, diverging-converging flow geometry. these disposable bioreactors have found some popularity for the production of cells and gene therapy vectors at intermediate scales of operation (2, 3). early testing of the cellcube revealed that the fluid mechanical environment p ... | 2003 | 12572999 |
| blood safety monitoring among persons with bleeding disorders--united states, may 1998-june 2002. | since 1998, cdc has collaborated with approximately 140 federally funded hemophilia treatment centers (htcs) in the united states and its territories through the universal data collection (udc) surveillance project to monitor blood product safety and detect new viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections. this report presents findings of investigations conducted during may 1998-june 2002 of 1,149 seroconversions for hepatitis viruses identified among persons with bleeding d ... | 2003 | 12553567 |
| aetiology, clinical course and outcome of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy. | hepatitis e causes large-scale epidemics in endemic areas. the disease, during epidemics, has increased incidence and severity in pregnant women. sporadic acute viral hepatitis (avh) is common in endemic areas. the relationship of sporadic avh and pregnancy has not been well studied. over a 3-year period we prospectively studied 76 pregnant women and 337 non-pregnant women of childbearing age with sporadic acute viral hepatitis for aetiology, clinical course and outcome of disease. the aetiology ... | 2003 | 12558914 |
| interaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with secondary and tertiary rna structural elements of the hepatitis a virus 3' translated and non-translated regions. | proteins interacting with rna structures at the 3' non-translated region (3'ntr) of picornaviruses are probably important during viral rna replication. we have shown previously that a dominant cellular cytoplasmic protein of 38 kda (p38) interacts with the 3'ntr and upstream regions of the hepatitis a virus (hav) rna (kusov et al., j virol 70, 1890-1897, 1996). immunological and biochemical analyses of p38 have indicated that it is identical to gapdh, which has previously been described as modul ... | 2003 | 12560573 |
| multiple infections and subsequent cardiovascular events in the heart outcomes prevention evaluation (hope) study. | limited prospective epidemiological data are available on the relation between exposure to chlamydia pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus (cmv), and hepatitis a virus (hav), individually or as a total pathogen score, and human cardiovascular (cv) disease. | 2003 | 12538424 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among sewage workers in georgia. | wastewater (ww) workers could have opportunity for direct contact with raw sewage, which might contain hepatitis a virus (hav). | 2003 | 12541272 |
| hepatitis a virus detection in oysters (crassostrea gigas) in santa catarina state, brazil, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | shellfish are readily contaminated with viruses present in water containing sewage because of the concentration effect of filter feeding. hepatitis a virus (hav) is the main cause of acute hepatitis worldwide and may lead to severe illness or even death. it is transmitted through fecal and oral routes and causes widespread endemic and asymptomatic infections in young children. here we describe a method for the detection of hav rna in shellfish involving the extraction of total rna from oyster me ... | 2003 | 12636311 |
| analysis of the genotype-determining region of hepatitis a viral rna in relation to disease severities. | although hepatitis a is still a considerable problem in japan, correlation of genomic differences of hepatitis a virus (hav) and the clinical status of hepatitis a has not been studied. to examine whether the hav genotype is associated with the disease severity, we analyzed the hav genotype-determining region in sera from patients with hepatitis a of various clinical degrees. serum samples from 47 japanese patients with sporadic hepatitis a from 4 different areas in japan, including 8 with fulmi ... | 2003 | 12644048 |
| [a food poisoning outbreak caused by purple washington clam contaminated with norovirus (norwalk-like virus) and hepatitis a virus]. | a party of 57 people dined together in a restaurant in hamamatsu city on december 11, 2001. the next day, 22 of them developed symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. examination of 4 fecal specimens from these patients by elisa for norovirus (norwalk-like virus, nv) detected both genogroup i (gi) and genogroup ii (gii) nv in all the 4 specimens. in addition, rt-pcr and real-time pcr methods for nv detected the nv gene. approximately one month after the outbreak ... | 2003 | 12661084 |
| comparative analysis of viral pathogens and potential indicators in shellfish. | shellfish can be responsible of outbreaks of infectious diseases and current health measures do not guarantee the absence of viral pathogens in this product. here we examine the presence of pathogenic viruses and potential indicators in shellfish in a comparative analysis.sixty shellfish samples collected in three areas with different levels of faecal contamination were analysed for escherichia coli, total coliforms, clostridium perfringens, somatic coliphages, f-specific phages of rna (f-rna), ... | 2003 | 12672594 |
| liposome entrapment and immunogenic studies of a synthetic lipophilic multiple antigenic peptide bearing vp1 and vp3 domains of the hepatitis a virus: a robust method for vaccine design. | multiple antigen peptides (map) have been demonstrated to be efficient immunological reagents for the induction of immune responses to a variety of infectious agents. several peptide domains of the hepatitis a virus (hav) capsid proteins, mainly vp1 and vp3, are the immunodominant targets for a protective antibody response. in the present study we analyse the immunogenic properties of a tetrameric heterogeneous palmitoyl-derivatised map containing two defined hav peptide sequences, vp1(11-25) an ... | 2003 | 12681496 |
| prevalence rates of viral hepatitis infections in refugee kurds from iraq and turkey. | since little is known about the burden of viral hepatitis in kurds, the prevalence of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis e virus (hev), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) was investigated in a sample of refugee kurds from iraq and turkey. | 2003 | 12682810 |
| hepatitis a vaccination of infants: effect of maternal antibody status on antibody persistence and response to a booster dose. | infants with passively transferred maternal antibody (pma) to hepatitis a virus (hav) have lower concentrations of antibody to hav (anti-hav) after vaccination. we examined the effect of pma on persistence of anti-hav and on immune memory. | 2003 | 12690277 |
| sequential changes in hepatitis a virus genotype distribution in estonia during 1994 to 2001. | hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates from a large outbreak and from non-outbreak cases in estonia were characterized by sequencing the aminoterminal vp1 region. from january 1998 to december 1999, a total of 1084 cases of hepatitis a were reported to the harjumaa-tallinn and ida-virumaa health protection services in estonia. the attack rate was highest among males aged 15-29. initial cases were noted to be associated with injecting drug use. igm anti-hav positive sera were available from 107 hospita ... | 2003 | 12696104 |
| perinatal and intrafamily transmission of hepatitis b virus in three generations of a low-prevalence population. | family members of 47 hepatitis b virus (hbv)-carrier pregnant women were tested for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), other markers of hbv infection, and hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies. eleven members of six families were found to be hbv dna positive. five of the anti-hbe-positive persons were found to be hbv dna carriers, too. the mean age of the hbv dna carriers was found to be lower than that of hbe carriers; therefore, it is suggested that seroconversion to hbe occurs ... | 2003 | 12696105 |
| hemophagocytic syndrome associated with fulminant hepatitis a: a case report. | a 37-year-old man had a sore throat and pyrexia since january 1999. he was treated at a nearby hospital, but not improved. jaundice was indicated there, and the patient was referred transferred to our hospital, where he was admitted for treatment with a diagnosis of severe acute hepatitis with acute renal failure. thereafter the patient was revealed to have had a past history of heavy drinking, and he underwent the treatment with a diagnosis of acute fulminant hepatitis due to hepatitis a virus ... | 2003 | 12713021 |
| [combined infection of abdominal typhoid and hepatitis a and e]. | 2003 | 12722365 | |
| loss of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies after peripheral stem cell transplantation (psct). | the majority of patients with hepatitis a have a benign course, but some may develop fulminant hepatitis and hematological complications. peripheral stem cell transplantation (psct) is associated with loss of immunity. there are no data regarding loss of hav antibodies (anti-hav) after psct. we retrospectively evaluated the persistence of anti-hav in a nonvaccinated population that underwent psct. serum detection of anti-hav was determined before and after psct using a qualitative commercially a ... | 2003 | 12732889 |
| hepatitis a virus vp3 may activate serum response element associated transcription. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. the infection does not induce any visible cytopathic effects or interfere with macromolecular synthesis in host cells. however, the hepatitis b and c viruses have recently been reported to activate intracellular signals. to clarify the effects of hav infection on intracellular signalling, we examined the influence of 9 flag-tagged hav proteins (vp2, vp3, vp1-2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3bc, 3c and 3d) on signal transduction pathwa ... | 2003 | 12737447 |
| anti-hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin m antibodies in urine samples for rapid diagnosis of outbreaks. | the main goal of this study was to test the feasibility of using urine for diagnosing hepatitis a virus (hav) infections. a correlation of 90.78% between the test results of urine and serum samples was obtained. four outbreaks of hepatitis a were confirmed by testing only urine samples. the levels of anti-hav immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies in urine samples remained stable during 6 months of storage at -70 degrees c but decreased when the samples were stored at 4 degrees c. the results of test ... | 2003 | 12738658 |
| risk groups for hepatitis a virus infection. | we report the conduct and results of a systematic search for evidence of risk of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) among blood transfusion recipients, travellers, the military, healthcare workers, sewage workers, foodhandlers, day care assistants, institutionalised subjects, blood transfusion recipients, drug addicts, homosexuals, prisoners and other risk groups such a liver transplantees. we report our recommendations for the use of the hav vaccine in these groups. | 2003 | 12744847 |
| helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus infection in school-aged children on two isolated neighborhood islands in taiwan. | the transmission routes of helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections have been extensively discussed in previous literature. however, whether h. pylori and hav shared the same transmission pattern or not remains unclear. lower socioeconomic status was recognized as a consistent risk factor to both infections. however, whether fecal-oral transmission was a risk factor to both infections is still under debate. | 2003 | 12752727 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hiv among hepatitis c-seropositive state hospital patients: results from oregon state hospital. | multiple studies have shown that individuals with severe mental illness are at increased risk for acquiring infection from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). moreover, patients with chronic hcv infection are at risk for fulminant hepatitis from acquired infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) or hbv, but there are limited data on the prevalence of hiv, hav, and hbv in chronically hospitalized u.s. psychiatric patients without mental retardati ... | 2003 | 12755656 |
| a case of autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia following hepatitis a infection. | hepatitis a infection is known to induce autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. here we present a case with autoimmune hepatitis type i and autoimmune hemolytic anemia following hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. case: m.a., a male patient, was brought to the hospital with complaints of jaundice and malaise. physical examination revealed paleness and icterus. the liver was palpable 5 cm below the costal margin in the midclavicular line; the spleen was palpable 2 cm from the costal ... | 2003 | 14655068 |
| [food-borne human pathogenic viruses and their molecular detection with special consideration of noroviruses and hepatitis a virus in mussels]. | viruses are increasingly important as etiological agents of gastrointestinal infections. because of improved diagnostic methods, in particular, because of molecular biological techniques, viruses can be detected much more frequently as pathogens of foodborne diseases. apart from the hepatitis a virus (hav) the norovirus (nlv) is becoming more significant. on an international level methods are developed to detect the amount of viruses which minimise pcr inhibitors and which are applicable in rout ... | 2003 | 14655629 |
| a 25 kda cleavage product of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (ptb) present in mouse tissues prevents ptb binding to the 5' untranslated region and inhibits translation of hepatitis a virus rna. | the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genomic rna contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) which interacts with various cellular proteins and facilitates cap-independent translation. we report the interaction of a 25kda protein (p25), present in certain murine tissues and most abundantly in mouse kidney, with the hav 5'utr. this protein was found to be a cleavage product of the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) and competed with it for binding to the h ... | 2003 | 14659561 |
| combined hepatitis a and b vaccines: a review of their immunogenicity and tolerability. | three combined hepatitis a and b vaccine preparations are commercially available in various countries: a two-dose paediatric formulation (ambirix) [administered at months 0 and 6-12]; and a three-dose adult (twinrix adult) or paediatric (twinrix paediatric) formulation (administered at months 0, 1 and 6). the adult vaccine provides consistent, marked immunogenicity which is at least similar to that of its constituent vaccines used together and with a tolerability profile that is possibly improve ... | 2003 | 14636084 |
| genetic variability of hepatitis a virus. | knowledge of the molecular biology of hepatitis a virus (hav) has increased exponentially since its identification. hav exploits all known mechanisms of genetic variation to ensure survival, including mutation and genetic recombination. hav has been characterized by the emergence of different genotypes, three human antigenic variants and only one major serotype. this paper reviews the genetic variability and molecular epidemiology of hav. its evolutionary mechanisms are described with particular ... | 2003 | 14645901 |
| genetic analysis of hav strains recovered from patients with acute hepatitis from southern italy. | southern italy is an endemic area for hav infection contributing to the majority of italian hepatitis a cases. using molecular analysis, hav strains have been classified in distinct genotypes and subgenotypes. to characterize hav wild-type strains circulating in southern italy, sequence analysis of vp3-vp1 and vp1/2a junction regions of hav isolates recovered from 25 patients with acute hepatitis during 2000 and 2001 was carried out. hav isolates showed a degree of identity, after pairwise compa ... | 2003 | 12766995 |
| homogeneous hepatitis a virus particles. proteolytic release of the assembly signal 2a from procapsids by factor xa. | among the picornaviridae, hepatitis a virus (hav) is unique in that its assembly is driven by domain 2a of p1-2a, the precursor of the structural proteins (probst, c., jecht, m., and gauss-müller, v. (1999) j. biol. chem. 274, 4527-4531). whereas infected individuals excrete in stool mature hav capsids with vp1 as the major structural protein, its c-terminal extended form vp1-2a is the main component of immature procapsids produced in hav-infected cells in culture. obviously, a postassembly prot ... | 2003 | 12782637 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among school children in delhi and north indian patients with chronic liver disease: implications for hav vaccination. | universal vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) has been recommended for children because of the changing epidemiological pattern of hav. vaccination has also been advised for patients with chronic liver disease as hav superinfection in these patients can result in severe or even fatal disease. in india, the indications for hav vaccination are not clear due to contradictory seroepidemiological data in children and lack of data on hav seroprevalence in patients with chronic liver disease. | 2003 | 12795755 |
| acute viral cholecystitis due to hepatitis a virus infection. | acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is frequent in developing countries. although some gallbladder abnormalities are defined during the course, an acute cholecystitis is extremely rare. we here report 2 additional cases of cholecystitis due to acute hav infection and review the previously reported 2 cases. one of our patients was admitted with jaundice and a suspicious portal mass with a presumed diagnosis of cholagiocarcinoma. the other presented with jaundice, abdominal pain, and constitut ... | 2003 | 12811216 |
| foodborne transmission of hepatitis a--massachusetts, 2001. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is transmitted typically from person to person by the fecal-oral route. foodborne transmission occurs when an hav-infected food handler contaminates food during preparation or when food is contaminated during harvesting or processing before reaching the food service establishment or home. postexposure prophylaxis (pep) with immune globulin (ig) can prevent hepatitis a among exposed persons if administered within 14 days of exposure. however, the decision about whether to ... | 2003 | 12816107 |
| [study on the effects of controlling hepatitis a epidemics by building the colony immune defence]. | to build the colony immune defence and to control the periodic epidemics of hepatitis a after a mass vaccination of live attenuated hepatitis a vaccine. | 2003 | 12820928 |
| the cytopathic 18f strain of hepatitis a virus induces rna degradation in frhk4 cells. | the mechanism responsible for the induction of apoptosis by the rapidly replicating hm175/18f strain of hepatitis a virus (hav) was investigated. full length hav rna and viral capsid protein vp1 were detected in 18f infected cells at earlier times post-infection than in hm175/clone 1 infected cells. analysis of total cellular rna from hm175/18f infected frhk4 cells by denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and northern blot hybridization revealed extensive degradation of both the 28s and 18s rib ... | 2003 | 12827461 |
| evidence of recombination in natural populations of hepatitis a virus. | genetic analysis of selected genome regions of hepatitis a virus (hav) suggested that distinct genotypes of hav could be found in different geographical regions. at least seven hav genotypes have been identified all over the world, including four human genotypes (i, ii, iii, and vii) and three simian strains (iv, v, and vi). phylogenetic analysis using full-length vp1 sequences revealed that human strain 9f94 has a close genetic relation with strain slf-88 (sub-genotype vii). nevertheless, the s ... | 2003 | 12832202 |
| [characteristics of cellular immunity in children with acute viral hepatitis a]. | to study the populational composition of lymphocytes and the specific features of production of cytokines in children with acute viral hepatitis a (avha). | 2003 | 14708438 |
| immunogenicity and safety of two doses of a paediatric hepatitis a vaccine in thai children: comparison of three vaccination schedules. | as fewer children in thailand are exposed to hepatitis a virus (hav) and so do not have seroprotective anti-hav antibodies, they are becoming an important source of hav transmission. a flexible hav vaccination schedule would facilitate incorporation of the vaccine into existing immunization programmes, and we compared the immunogenicity and safety of three hav immunization schedules. an open, randomized, clinical trial was carried out in which healthy children were given a primary dose of the in ... | 2003 | 14725410 |
| our experience with fulminant hepatic failure in turkish children: etiology and outcome. | fulminant hepatic failure is a rare and devastating event during childhood. the etiology of liver failure is reported to change according to age and geographical location. we aimed to investigate, retrospectively, causes and outcome of fulminant hepatic failure in turkish children. thirty-four children with fulminant hepatic failure were analysed by means of etiology and outcome. etiological factor, clinical presentation, encephalopathy stage and biochemical parameters were correlated with outco ... | 2003 | 14725414 |
| epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the mediterranean basin. | the prevalence of viral hepatitis is high and remains a serious public health challenge throughout the world. new molecular biology techniques provided a better understanding of the viruses over the last decades. novel therapeutic options seem to be promising but preventing measures including donor screening, immunization against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv), universal use of disposable syringes and implementation of better hygienic conditions play a major role in the cont ... | 2003 | 14737935 |
| measuring the impact of hepatitis a virus in chinese cities: a life table approach. | the infection of hepatitis a virus is an important public health problem in china. in 1990, a survey on seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis a was conducted in eight large cities of population size between one to four million. the results were used to analyze the impact of hepatitis a. in our study, we used life table techniques to determine the impact that the hepatitis a virus (hav) has on these eight cities by computing the expected years of life with anti-hepatitis a virus. we compared the resul ... | 2003 | 15038682 |
| [risks associated with hepatitis infection in patients with hepatitis c and opportunities for prophylaxis]. | patients with chronic hepatitis c remain at risk of acquiring hepatitis a infection and additional liver injury. the estimated risk of hav infection in hcv patients is similar to that in general population but may be higher in anti-hcv positive drug users. despite some controversies available data indicate that hepatitis a infection is associated with much higher incidence of hepatitis fulminans and mortality rate in individuals with pre-existing liver disease. in poland about 60% of all hcv-inf ... | 2003 | 14682165 |
| [epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis a in gdansk providence in years 1991-1993]. | epidemiological analysis of hepatitis a morbidity increase observed in years 1991-1993, in gdańsk province. | 2003 | 14682166 |
| [some clinical aspects of hepatitis a during the epidemiologic increase of morbidity in gdansk providence in the years 1991-1993]. | clinical analysis of hepatitis a cases among patients hospitalized during the last increase of morbidity, in years 1991-1993, in gdańsk province. | 2003 | 14682167 |
| hepatitis a vaccine: indirect evidence of immune memory 12 years after the primary course. | vaccine-induced hepatitis a antibodies persist up to 10 years in adults, with mathematical models estimating further persistence up to 20-25 years. thirty-one adults received booster inoculations 12 years after their initial vaccination (havrix 720 el.u at months 0, 1, 6). at the time of booster inoculation, all still had detectable antibodies. all but one subject met pre-defined criteria for anamnestic response 14 days after the booster, and all subjects did so after 30 days. the subjects' geom ... | 2004 | 14695659 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies in turkish and moroccan children in rotterdam. | seasonal fluctuations in hepatitis a have been observed in the netherlands related to turkish and moroccan children after visiting their home countries. this study determined the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies in turkish and moroccan children in rotterdam. a random sample was taken of children in rotterdam, aged 5-16 years, of turkish and moroccan origin, together with a random sample of native dutch children aged 5-7 and 14-16 years. blood was collected ... | 2004 | 14695660 |
| autoimmune hepatitis--sequel of a relapsing hepatitis a in a 75-year-old woman. | acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a global cause of acute hepatitis. however, chronic hav infection is unlikely. nevertheless, there is some evidence that acute infection with hav may trigger chronic active hepatitis which fulfils the criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (aih). whether aih following hav infection is virus specific remains unclear. despite evidence that inherited factors may play a role in the development of autoimmunity after viral infection, the pathomechanism remains uncl ... | 2004 | 15557764 |
| genetic variability of hepatitis a virus isolates in rio de janeiro: implications for the vaccination of school children. | the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is shifting from high to intermediate endemicity in brazil, resulting in increased numbers of susceptible individuals and a greater potential for the emergence of outbreaks. universal vaccination against hav has been recommended for children, but updated sero-epidemiological data are necessary to analyze the level of natural immunity and to identify candidates for preventive measures. in addition, more molecular studies are necessary to chara ... | 2004 | 15558184 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence and risk factors among day-care educators. | day-care centres play a role in the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav). up-to-date documentation on its seroprevalence and potential risk factors among day-care educators, who may be at risk for significant hav morbidity, is nevertheless lacking. the availability of a hepatitis a vaccine provides an additional opportunity for prevention in this population. to determine the seroprevalence of previous hav infection among day-care educators and to identify potential risk factors, we undertook ... | 2004 | 15559862 |
| influence of tnf gene polymorphism in patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is involved in liver damage, especially in fulminant hepatitis (fh). our previous data showed that the serum level of tnf-alpha was markedly increased in fh. to investigate the mechanism of the overproduction of tnf in fh patients, polymorphism of the tnf gene was studied. | 2004 | 15565405 |
| consumption of uncooked deer meat as a risk factor for hepatitis e virus infection: an age- and sex-matched case-control study. | it was reported previously food-borne transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) to humans from deer meat. the present study attempted to clarify whether eating uncooked deer meat is a major epidemiological risk factor for hev infection in kasai, a city in western japan. in total, 45 volunteer subjects with experience of eating raw deer meat were enrolled. an equivalent number of people from the same area who had never eaten raw deer meat served as controls. the subjects and controls had comparable ... | 2004 | 15258970 |