Publications

novel-porous-ag0 nanocomposite hydrogels via green process for advanced antibacterial applications.	silver nanoparticles (nps) antibacterial characteristics were depends on its particle stabilization, particles size and nucleation agent. in this study, we report on green process of porous silver nanocomposite hydrogels for advanced antibacterial applications. the porous poly(acrylamide) (pam) hydrogels were developed employing sucrose as porogenator. silver nps were nucleated with natural biomass neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extracts within the porous hydrogel networks. the formation of silv ...	2014	24677385
phytoremediation of abandoned crude oil contaminated drill sites of assam with the aid of a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial formulation.	environmental deterioration due to crude oil contamination and abandoned drill sites is an ecological concern in assam. to revive such contaminated sites, afield study was conducted to phytoremediate four crude oil abandoned drill sites of assam (gelakey, amguri, lakwa, and borholla) with the aid of two hydrocarbon-degrading pseudomonas strains designated n3 and n4. all the drill sites were contaminated with 15.1 to 32.8% crude oil, and the soil was alkaline in nature (ph8.0-8.7) with low moistu ...	2014	24933892
influence of formulation ratio of the plant components on the antimalarial properties of mama decoction.	mangifera indica, alstonia boonei, morinda lucida and azadirachta indica (mama) decoction, commonly prepared and used in nigeria from 1:1:1:1 ratio of mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae), alstonia boonei de wild (apocynaceae), morinda lucida benth (rubiaceae), and azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) leaves, plus four new variants of this combination were subjected to three in vivo antimalarial test models using chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium berghei berghei to determine the most active unde ...	2014	24658658
azadirachta indica extract-artesunic acid combination produces an increased cure rate of plasmodium berghei-infected mice.	available artemisinin-combination therapies (acts) are expensive. various traditional herbal remedies for malaria involve plants, proven scientifically to have antiplasmodial effects, e.g., azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae).	2014	24517279
in vivo antimalarial evaluation of mama decoction on plasmodium berghei in mice.	the use of decoctions of different plant materials is common practice in antimalarial ethnomedicine in africa. scientific evaluation of such herbal combinations to verify the claims is important. the study has evaluated the antimalarial efficacy of mama decoction (md), a multicomponent herbal preparation and its individual plant components, namely leaves of morinda lucida benth [rubiaceae] (ml), azadirachta indica a. juss [meliaceae] (ai), alstonia boonei de wild [apocynaceae] (ab) and mangifera ...	2014	24271081
effect of traditionally used neem and babool chewing stick (datun) on streptococcus mutans: an in-vitro study.	there are various plants, which are used as chewing sticks in different parts of the world. several studies have been reported on the antimicrobial effects of chewing sticks on oral bacteria. this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of traditionally used neem and babool chewing sticks (datun) extracts on streptococcus mutans.	2014	25177629
ethnobotanical and antimicrobial study of some selected medicinal plants used in khyber pakhtunkhwa (kpk) as a potential source to cure infectious diseases.	present investigation deals with antimicrobial screening of ten medicinally important plants used by the inhabitants of district haripur, khyber pakhtunkhwa (kpk) for different infectious diseases.	2014	24708514
docking studies for screening anticancer compounds of azadirachta indica using saccharomyces cerevisiae as model system.	plants have a long history of use in the treatment of cancer. plant-derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically useful anticancer agents. in the recent years, more emphasis has been placed on identifying plant-derived compounds that can be used as an effective treatment for life-threatening diseases such as cancer. cancer is a disease where there is abnormal cell proliferation. the proliferation of the cancer cells are restrained by cdk/cyclin complex ...	2014	24678207
effect of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) leaf extract on resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and schistosoma mansoni worms.	there are ethnopharmacological reports supporting the use of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) leaf against bacterial and worm infections. however there is a lack of studies about its effect on bacterial biofilm formation and schistosoma mansoni worms. this study reports the in vitro effects of neem leaf ethanolic extract (neem ee) on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) biofilm and planktonic aggregation formation, and against s. mansoni worms.	2015	26408045
esolvent-free, enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production from mango, neem, and shea oils via response surface methodology.	mango, neem and shea kernels produce non-conventional oils whose potentials are not fully exploited. to give an added value to these oils, they were transesterified into biodiesel in a solvent-free system using immobilized enzyme lipozyme from mucor miehei. the doehlert experimental design was used to evaluate the methyl ester (me) yields as influenced by enzyme concentration-ec, temperature-t, added water content-awc, and reaction time-rt. biodiesel yields were quantified by (1)h nmr spectrosco ...	2015	26698315
antimicrobial biosynthetic potential and genetic diversity of endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants.	endophytic actinomycetes are one of the primary groups that share symbiotic relationships with medicinal plants and are key reservoir of biologically active compounds. in this study, six selective medicinal plants were targeted for the first time for endophytic actinomycetes isolation from gibbon wild life sanctuary, assam, india, during winter and summer and 76 isolates were obtained. the isolates were found to be prevalent in roots followed by stem and leaves. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis r ...	2015	26347302
protective effect of aqueous crude extract of neem (azadirachta indica) leaves on plasmodium berghei-induced renal damage in mice.	malaria is a major public health problem in the world because it can cause of death in patients. malaria-associated renal injury is associated with 45% of mortality in adult patients hospitalized with severe form of the disease. therefore, new plant extracts to protect against renal injury induced by malaria infection are urgently needed. in this study, we investigated the protective effect of aqueous crude extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaves on renal injury induced by plasmodium berghei ...	2015	26379714
brine shrimp cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity of plants traditionally used in treatment of malaria in msambweni district.	in kenya, most people use traditional medicine and medicinal plants to treat many diseases including malaria. to manage malaria, new knowledge and products are needed. traditional herbal medicine has constituted a good basis for antimalarial lead discovery and drug development.	2015	25495507
neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) oil to tackle enteropathogenic escherichia coli.	neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) oil (no) was assayed against forty-eight isolates of escherichia coli by standardised disc diffusion test and microdilution test. by molecular biology characterization, fourteen isolates resulted in diarrheagenic e. coli with sixteen primer pairs that specifically amplify unique sequences of virulence genes and of 16s rrna. the no showed biological activity against all isolates. the bacterial growth inhibition zone by disc diffusion method (100 µl no) ranged bet ...	2015	26064900
comparative analysis of biosynthesised and chemosynthesised silver nanoparticles with special reference to their antibacterial activity against pathogens.	the present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using both biological and chemical routes to find out the best method for control of their size and activity. the fungal agent (fusarium oxysporum) and the plant (azadirachta indica) were found to be the best source for agnps synthesis. both biosynthesis and chemosynthesis were achieved by challenging filtrate with agno3 (1 mm) solution. the synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fo ...	2015	26023154
synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide-neem oil-chitosan bionanocomposite for food packaging application.	nano zinc oxide at different concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) and neem essential oil were incorporated into the chitosan polymer by solution cast method to enhance the properties of the bionanocomposite film. the functional groups, crystalline particle size, thermal stability and morphology were determined using ftir, xrd, tga and sem, respectively. the results showed that 0.5% nano zinc oxide incorporated composite film have improved tensile strength, elongation, film thickness, film transpar ...	2015	25499891
biochemical studies in experimentally escherichia coli infected broiler chicken supplemented with neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract.	an experimental study was conducted on 192-day-old broiler chicks for evaluating the effect of 10% neem leaf extract (nle) supplementationon biochemical parameters in chickens experimentally infected with escherichia coli o78 at 10(7) cfu/0.5 ml at 7 days of age.	2015	27047040
physical and antimicrobial properties of starch-pva blend films as affected by the incorporation of natural antimicrobial agents.	in this work, active films based on starch and pva (s:pva ratio of 2:1) were developed by incorporating neem (no) and oregano essential oils (oeo). first, a screening of the antifungal effectiveness of different natural extracts (echinacea, horsetail extract, liquid smoke and neem seed oil) against two fungus (p. expansum and a. niger) was carried out. the effect of no and oeo incorporation on the films' physical and antimicrobial properties was analyzed. only composite films containing oeo exhi ...	2015	28231098
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-leishmanial and immunomodulatory activity of neem leaf extract in leishmania donovani infection.	the toxicity and emergence of resistance to available chemical drugs against visceral leishmaniasis is evoking to explore herbal treatment. one such attempt with the neem is being reported here. the current study is primarily focused to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effects of neem leaf extracts. among which, ethyl acetate fraction (eaf) alone was found to exhibit leishmanicidal effect validated through cytotoxicity assay and estimated its ic₅₀ to be 52.4 µg/ml on the promastigote stage. propidi ...	2015	25747203
management of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) in bottle gourd using different botanicals in pots.	a pot experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of different botanicals in varying doses for management of root-knot nematode, m. incognita in bottle gourd. the results exhibited that madar (calotropis procera) and neem (azadirachta indica) leaves application proved to be more effective in improving plant growth characters and reducing root-knot index and final nematode population. among the doses tested, higher dose of 1.5 % (w/w) was more effective than lower ones.	2015	26345048
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles performing as biogenic sers-nanotags for investigation of c26 colon carcinoma cells.	in this work, two classes of silver nanoparticles (agnps) were biosynthesized with the goal to assess their reliability in vitro as surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) nanotags. mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles (magnps) and phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles (pagnps) were produced through environmentally friendly procedures by reduction of silver nitrate with fusarium oxysporum cell filtrate and azadirachta indica extract, respectively. two cell lines, namely c26 murine colon carcino ...	2015	26123850
medicinal plants used to treat tb in ghana.	the current study was designed to document medicinal plant species that are traditionally used to treat tuberculosis (tb) by ghanaian communities.	2015	26972879
complementary and alternative medicine for psoriasis: what the dermatologist needs to know.	complementary and alternative medicine (cam) use is common among patients with psoriasis. cam modalities include traditional chinese medicine (tcm), herbal therapies, dietary supplements, climatotherapy, and mind/body interventions. in this review, evidence from clinical trials investigating the efficacy of cam for psoriasis is reviewed. there is a large amount of evidence from controlled trials that have shown that the combination of tcm with traditional therapies for psoriasis is more efficaci ...	2015	25904522
synthesis of silver nanoparticles from azadirachta indica--a most effective method for mosquito control.	mosquitoes transmit major communicable diseases such as dengue, malaria, filariasis, japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, and so on. vector control is important in epidemic disease situations as there is an urgent need to develop new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and effective yet safe for non-targeted organisms. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) were synthesized from the aqueous leaf extract of neem plant (azadirachta indica), and their effects on mos ...	2015	25226837
larvicidal and ovideterrent properties of neem oil and fractions against the filariasis vector aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae): a bioactivity survey across production sites.	neem seed oil (nso) of azadirachta indica (meliaceae) contains more than 100 determined biologically active compounds, and many formulations deriving from them showed toxicity, antifeedancy and repellence against a number of arthropod pests. however, it is widely known that botanical products can differ in their chemical composition and bioactivity, as function of the production site and production process. we used high-performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) to investigate differences in ...	2015	25327954
antibacterial activity of neem nanoemulsion and its toxicity assessment on human lymphocytes in vitro.	neem (azadirachta indica) is recognized as a medicinal plant well known for its antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. neem nanoemulsion (ne) (o/w) is formulated using neem oil, tween 20, and water by high-energy ultrasonication. the formulated neem ne showed antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogen vibrio vulnificus by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane. despite the use of neem ne in various biomedical applications, the toxicity stud ...	2015	26491309
molecular docking based screening of neem-derived compounds with the ns1 protein of influenza virus.	different strains of influenza virus are affecting a large number of people worldwide to combat with influenza virus destruction, numerous synthetic antiviral medicines are available for influenza virus in the market. but still there was a need for the development of drug which will target all the strains of influenza virus. for this purpose conserved residues within the influenza virus ns1 protein have been found by aligning all the available sequences of existing strains from the national cent ...	2015	26339153
chemopreventive effects of azadirachta indica on cancer marker indices and ultrastructural changes during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.	the present study elucidated the prospective of azadirachta indica supplementation, if any, in affording chemoprevention by modulating the altered cancer markers and ultrastructural changes in dmh-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. the rats were segregated into four groups viz., normal control, dmh treated, a. indica treated, and dmh+ai treated. initiation and induction of colon carcinogenesis were achieved through weekly subcutaneous injections of dmh (30 mg/kg body weight) for both 10 ...	2015	25697750
triterpenoid profiling and functional characterization of the initial genes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis in neem (azadirachta indica).	neem tree (azadirachta indica) is one of the richest sources of skeletally diverse triterpenoids and they are well-known for their broad-spectrum pharmacological and insecticidal properties. however, the abundance of neem triterpenoids varies among the tissues. here, we delineate quantitative profiling of fifteen major triterpenoids across various tissues including developmental stages of kernel and pericarp, flower, leaf, stem and bark using uplc-esi(+)-hrms based profiling. transcriptome analy ...	2015	26335498
traditional plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in sursagar constituency, jodhpur, rajasthan - an ethnomedicinal survey.	in jodhpur, large number of people suffering with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes). they are using medicinal plants along with modern medicine for the management of diabetes. the aim of this work is to document the anti-diabetic plants and determine the most relevant anti-diabetic plant species using the disease consensus index.	2015	26325432
induction of cell cycle arrest, dna damage, and apoptosis by nimbolide in human renal cell carcinoma cells.	nimbolide is a tetranortriterpenoid isolated from the leaves and flowers of azadirachta indica which has been shown to exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-invasive properties in a variety of cancer cells. however, the anti-tumor effect on human renal cell carcinoma (rcc) cells is unknown. in this study, we found that nimbolide treatment had a cytotoxic effect on 786-o and a-498 rcc cells in a dose-dependent manner. according to flow cytometric analysis, nimbolide treatme ...	2015	25916210
cytoprotective and anti-secretory effects of azadiradione isolated from the seeds of azadirachta indica (neem) on gastric ulcers in rat models.	azadirachta indica is well known medicinal plant mentioned in ancient herbal texts. it has been extensively used in ayurvedic, unani and homoeopathic medicine and has become a luminary of modern medicine. as part of our drug discovery program we isolated azadiradione from the ethanolic extract of seeds of a. indica and evaluated for in-vivo antiulcer activity in cold restraint induced gastric ulcer model, aspirin induced gastric ulcer model, alcohol induced gastric ulcers model and pyloric ligat ...	2015	25851068
in vitro and in vivo activity of essential oils against major postharvest pathogens of kinnow (citrus nobilis × c. deliciosa) mandarin.	the present study envisages the influence of essential oils namely lemon grass, eucalyptus, clove and neem on kinnow mandarin with the objective to combat major post harvest diseases and to prolong its availability for longer time in the season. for this, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. poisoned food technique was used for in vitro studies, and for in vivo studies, kinnow fruit were pre-inoculated with pathogens (penicillium digitatum and p. italicum), treated with different essenti ...	2015	25829604
aqueous extract of some indigenous medicinal plants inhibits glycation at multiple stages and protects erythrocytes from oxidative damage-an in vitro study.	azadirachta indica, emblica officinalis, syzygium cumini and terminalia bellirica are common in indian system of traditional medicine for the prevention of diabetes and its complications. the aim of the present study was to comprehensively and comparatively investigate the antiglycation potential of these plant extracts at multiple stages and their possible protective effect against glycated albumin mediated toxicity to erythrocytes. antiglycation activities of these plant extracts was measured ...	2015	25829572
a comprehensive study on apoptosis induction by azadirachtin in spodoptera frugiperda cultured cell line sf9.	the induction of apoptosis by azadirachtin, a well-known botanical tetranortriterpenoid isolated from the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss) and other members of the meliaceae, was investigated in spodoptera frugiperda cultured cell line (sf9). morphological changes in sf9 cells treated by various concentrations of azadirachtin were observed at different times under light microscopy. morphological and biochemical analysis indicated that sf9 cells treated by 1.5 μg/ml azadirachtin showed typi ...	2015	25828604
comprehensive analyses of genomes, transcriptomes and metabolites of neem tree.	neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) is one of the most versatile tropical evergreen tree species known in india since the vedic period (1500 bc-600 bc). neem tree is a rich source of limonoids, having a wide spectrum of activity against insect pests and microbial pathogens. complex tetranortriterpenoids such as azadirachtin, salanin and nimbin are the major active principles isolated from neem seed. absolutely nothing is known about the biochemical pathways of these metabolites in neem tree. to id ...	2015	26290780
small molecule trkb agonist deoxygedunin protects nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons from 6-ohda and mptp induced neurotoxicity in rodents.	dopaminergic neurons loss in the substantia nigra (sn) and dopamine (da) content loss in the striatum correlate well with disease severity in parkinson's disease (pd). brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) is a member of neurotrophin family and is necessary for the survival and development of da neurons in the sn. deficits in bdnf/trkb receptors signaling contribute to the dysfunction of pd. deoxygedunin, a derivative of gedunin produced from indian neem tree, binds trkb receptor and activate ...	2015	26282118
five new guaiane sesquiterpenes from the endophytic fungus xylaria sp. ym 311647 of azadirachta indica.	five new guaiane sesquiterpenes, 1-5, were isolated from the culture broth of the endophytic fungus xylaria sp. ym 311647, isolated from azadirachta indica a. juss. the structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, and their inhibitory activities against five pathogenic fungi were evaluated. all guaiane sesquiterpenes showed moderate or weak antifungal activities in a broth microdilution assay.	2015	26265580
production of limonoids with insect antifeedant activity in a two-stage bioreactor process with cell suspension culture of azadirachta indica.	neem tree (azadirachta indica) cell suspension culture is an alternative for the production of limonoids for insect control that overcomes limitations related to the supply of neem seeds. to establish conditions for cell growth and azadiracthin-related limonoid production, the effect of different sucrose concentrations, nitrate and phosphate in murashige and skoog (ms) medium, and the addition of one precursor and three elicitors was evaluated in shake flasks. the process was scaled up to a 3-l ...	2015	26234433
development of shampoo, soap and ointment formulated by green synthesised silver nanoparticles functionalised with antimicrobial plants oils in veterinary dermatology: treatment and prevention strategies.	many scientists have focused their research on the role of nanotechnology for the control of human pathogens, but there are also many topical pathogens present in animals, which infect animals and transfer to humans. topical therapy is extremely important for the management of dermatological condition in animals. therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles (agnps) in combination with herbal oils against animal skin infections which may be responsib ...	2015	26224344
content of trace elements and chromium speciation in neem powder and tea infusions.	total concentrations of selected trace elements in neem powder and in neem tea were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). the data revealed that despite high total concentrations of the potentially toxic elements al and ni in neem powder, their amounts dissolved in neem tea were low. total concentrations of the other toxic elements pb, as and cd were also very low and do not represent a health hazard. in contrast, total concentrations of the essential elements fe, ...	2015	26004899
head louse control by suffocation due to blocking their oxygen uptake.	the present study shows that head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) are killed by suffocation when submersed into the anti-louse shampoo licener®, which contains a mild shampoo component and an extract of neem seeds after their oil components had been pressed off. it is shown that the inner tracheal system becomes completely filled by the very fluid product. within 3-10 min, oxygen uptake is prohibited and death of all thus treated lice stages occurred.	2015	25990060
process optimization and kinetics of biodiesel production from neem oil using copper doped zinc oxide heterogeneous nanocatalyst.	heterogeneous nanocatalyst has become the choice of researchers for better transesterification of vegetable oils to biodiesel. in the present study, transesterification reaction was optimized and kinetics was studied for biodiesel production from neem oil using czo nanocatalyst. the highly porous and non-uniform surface of the czo nanocatalyst was confirmed by afm analysis, which leads to the aggregation of czo nanoparticles in the form of multi layered nanostructures. the 97.18% biodiesel yield ...	2015	25958133
antifertility activity of medicinal plants.	the aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of medicinal plants used as antifertility agents in females throughout the world by various tribes and ethnic groups. we undertook an extensive bibliographic review by analyzing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, and further consulting well accepted worldwide scientific databases. we performed central, embase, and pubmed searches using terms such as "antifertility", "anti-implantation", "antiovulation", and "antispermatoge ...	2015	25921562
chemical prospection of important ayurvedic plant tinospora cordifolia by uplc-dad-esi-qtof-ms/ms and nmr.	a rapid, sensitive, and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric method (uplc-ms) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of four bioactive compounds, syringin (3), cordifolioside a (4), magnoflorine (6) and tinocordiside (10) in the stem of tinospora cordifolia. the analysis was performed using an acquity c18 column and gradient elution of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a detection wavelength of 267 nm in 5 min. a high c ...	2015	25920217
gedunin and azadiradione: human pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibiting limonoids from neem (azadirachta indica) as anti-diabetic agents.	human pancreatic α-amylase (hpa) inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower postprandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown. limonoids from azadirachta indica known for their therapeutic potential were screened for pancreatic α-amylase inhibition, a known anti-diabetic target. studies were carried out to reveal their mode of action so as to justify their hypoglycemic potential. of the nine limonoids isolated/semi-synthesized from a.indica and screened for α-amylase inhibition, az ...	2015	26469405
neem (azadirachta indica) as an alternative therapy for tobacco cessation.		2015	26410984
utilization of agro-wastes to inhibit aflatoxins synthesis by aspergillus parasiticus: a biotreatment of three cereals for safe long-term storage.	the growth of aspergillus parasiticus and aflatoxins production were inhibited during storage of three important cereals (wheat, maize and rice) using leaves of neem (azadirachta indica) and kikar (acacia nilotica). cereals were inoculated with mould spores and stabilized by neem and kikar leaves-powder. test samples with moisture levels of 21% were stored at 30°c for a period of 9months. aflatoxins were quantified at different time intervals in stored cereals. neem leaves fully inhibited all ty ...	2015	26356116
fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies on modulation of n-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by azadirachta indica.	fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed in the present study to obtain information about the molecular composition of hepatic tumor versus hepatic tissue. a hepatic cancer model was developed by administering n-nitrosodiethylamine (ndea) to male balb/c mice. the results revealed that ndea-induced hepatic cancer tumor tissue had altered molecular composition compared with normal liver tissue. compared with the normal tissue, the saturation level of membrane phospholipids was observed ...	2015	26349605
metals bioaccumulation mechanism in neem bark.	the aim of this work was to define the bioaccumulation mechanism of metals onto the non-living biomaterial prepared from an extensively available plant bark biomass of neem (azadirachta indica). based on maximum ultimate fixation capacities (mmol/g) of the product, metals ions could be arranged as hg(2+) < cd(2+) < pb(2+) ≅ cu(2+). surface properties of the biomaterial were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques for their sorption mechanism. whewellite ...	2015	26193837
sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglyceride selectively targets acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and exerts potent anti-leukemic effects in vivo.	dna topoisomerase ii inhibitors e.g. doxorubicin and etoposide are currently used in the chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). these inhibitors have serious side effects during the chemotherapy e.g. cardiotoxicity and secondary malignancies. in this study we show that sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglyceride (sqdg) isolated from azadirachta indica exerts potent anti-all activity both in vitro and in vivo in nude mice and it synergizes with doxorubicin and etoposide. sqdg selectively targ ...	2015	26189912
ethnomedicinal survey of plants used in the treatment of malaria in southern nigeria.	malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. it is a leading cause of death and disease in many developing countries, where young children and pregnant women are the groups most affected. spread of multidrug-resistant strains of plasmodium and the adverse side effects of the existing anti-malarial drugs have necessitated the search for novel, well tolerated and more efficient antimalarial drugs. this ethnomedicinal study surveyed the different types of medicinal plants use ...	2015	26187278
identification and antifeedant activities of limonoids from azadirachta indica.	four new limonoids, azadiraindins a-d (1-4, resp.), together with seven known analogs, were isolated from the meoh extract of azadirachta indica. the structures of 1-4 were elucidated by nmr and ms spectroscopic analyses, and the relative configuration of 1 was determined by single-crystal x-ray crystallography. the compounds isolated in comparatively large amount were evaluated for their antifeedant activities against plutella xylostella; the antifeedant rate of 10 was 90.6% and the corrected m ...	2015	26172324
effect of combined herbal feed additives on methane, total gas production and rumen fermentation.	the present study was to evaluate effect of herbal feed additives on methane and total gas production during the rumen fermentation for environment and animal health concern. different parts of the five medicinal plants were selected such as leaf and small stems of ocimum sanctum (tulsi), roots of curcuma longa (haldi), fruits of emblica officinalis (amla), leaves of azadirachta indica (neem) and leaves and small stem of clerodendrum phlomidis (arni) for our study. addition of different herbal a ...	2015	26124571
biogenic synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots at ambient temperature using azadirachta indica (neem) gum.	synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (cds) from various carbonaceous materials apparently has acquired lots of interest amongst researchers as the corollary of the properties of cds; which are subsequently getting unveiled. in this study we report the use of azadirachta indica (neem) gum as a novel natural pre-cursor for synthesis of cds at room temperature. water soluble cds of around 5-8 nm were obtained after treatment of the gum with ethanol and naoh. these cds exhibited green fluorescence i ...	2015	26123675
an ethnobotanical survey of antidiabetic plants used by hausa-fulani tribes in sokoto, northwest nigeria.	sokoto is known for its diverse traditional medicinal wealth and international market of traditional medicines in africa. however, information of the folk knowledge, especially for the treatment of diabetes, is not documented.	2015	26117532
cytotoxic activity of macrosolen parasiticus (l.) danser on the growth of breast cancer cell line (mcf-7).	macrosolen parasiticus (l.) danser belonging to loranthaceaea (mistletoe family) is a parasitic plant that grows on different host plants such as mango, jack fruit, peepal, neem tree, etc., this study was aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of methanolic and aqueous extract of stem of m. parasiticus.	2015	26109761
effects of azardirachta indica on vascular endothelial growth factor and cytokines in diabetic deep wound.	a chronic, unhealed diabetic wound is one of the severe complications of diabetes mellitus. azadirachta indica has been reported to have antidiabetic and antiapoptotic properties. the present work incorporates the healing potential of 50 % ethanol a. indica leaves extract against deep surgical wounds in streptozotocin-induced mild diabetic rats. a. indica leaves extract (500 mg/kg) was administered orally, once daily for ten days. serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides as well as body wei ...	2015	26069952
protein-protein and dna-protein interactions mediate induction of defense genes by fruit extract of azadirachta indica a. juss. in solanum lycopersicum l.	the present work demonstrates that induction of defense-related genes in tomato by neem extract was mediated by protein-protein and dna-protein interactions. the induction of elicitor-mediated defense responses in plants is known, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its induction are not well studied. in the present study, third node leaf from the base of aseptically raised tomato plants was treated with aqueous fruit extracts of azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem). samples were collected fro ...	2015	26063614
isolation and evaluation of anticancer efficacy of stigmasterol in a mouse model of dmba-induced skin carcinoma.	stigmasterol (99.9% pure) was isolated from azadirachta indica and its chemopreventive effect on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced skin cancer was investigated in swiss albino mice. skin tumors were induced by topical application of dmba and promoted by croton oil. to assess the chemopreventive potential of stigmasterol, it was orally administered at a concentration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg three times weekly for 16 weeks. reduction in tumor size and cumulative number of papillomas ...	2015	26060396
determination of lead isotopes in a new greenland deep ice core at the sub-picogram per gram level by thermal ionization mass spectrometry using an improved decontamination method.	an improved decontamination method and ultraclean analytical procedures have been developed to minimize pb contamination of processed glacial ice cores and to achieve reliable determination of pb isotopes in north greenland eemian ice drilling (neem) deep ice core sections with concentrations at the sub-picogram per gram level. a pl-7 (fuso chemical) silica-gel activator has replaced the previously used colloidal silica activator produced by merck and has been shown to provide sufficiently enhan ...	2015	26048818
toxicity of some plant extracts against vector of lymphatic filariasis, culex pipiens.	many insecticides are generally used as larvicides to control culex pipiens, vector of lymphatic filariasis. this study was undertaken to evaluate the larvicidal activity of some potential larvicidal plants extracts against c. pipiens larvae. the toxic effects of both ethanolic and petroleum ether plant extracts were evaluated under laboratory conditions against 3rd instar larvae of c. pipiens. forty ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of 10 plants namely echinochloa stagninum, phragmites aus ...	2015	26012233
beta cell regenerating potential of azadirachta indica (neem) extract in diabetic rats.	this study evaluated the ability of 0.8% neem leaf extract (nle) to treat diabetes mellitus by assessing its effects on blood glucose, insulin levels and islet morphology in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic sprague-dawley rats.	2015	26716795
anthelmintic efficacy of crude neem (azadirachta indica) leaf powder against bovine strongylosis.	the present study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of crude neem (azadirachta indica) leaf powder against strongyle infections in cattle. based on copro-examination, 30 cattle positive for strongyle infection with at least 250 [eggs per gram (epg) of faeces] were selected and grouped as a, b and c (10 animals/group). group a and b were treated respectively with fendendazole and neem leaf powder @ 5 and 500 mg/kg body weight, whereas group c served as infected untreated control ...	2015	26688654
effect of neem containing toothpaste on plaque and gingivitis--a randomized double blind clinical trial.	the present study was designed to assess the effect of toothpaste containing neem on plaque and gingivitis.	2015	26718296
ultra structural study of the rat cheek epithelium treated with neem extract.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neem extract (azadirachta indica a. juss) on the ultrastructure of the rat oral epithelium, because neem extract has been added in the tooth paste as an anti-plaque-forming substance in asian countries. the non-toxic dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of neem extract (nbe) was applied daily to the surface of buccal epithelium for four weeks and controls did not receive neem extract. after four weeks cheek epithelial tissues were excised and ...	2015	26639494
selective induction of apoptosis by azadarichta indica leaf extract by targeting oxidative vulnerabilities in human cancer cells.	natural products have been a great source of medications used in conventional medicines for the treatment of various diseases; more importantly, they have played a significant role in the development of anti-cancer drugs for a number of decades. the benefits to employing whole extracts of natural health products, rather than a single ingredient, for cancer treatment remains unexplored. our research group has previously demonstrated the potential anti-cancer benefits of several natural health pro ...	2015	26626256
evaluation of leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity of ricinus communis and azadirachta indica extracts from western kenya: in vitro and in vivo assays.	despite advances to targeted leishmanicidal chemotherapy, defies around severe toxicity, recent emergence of resistant variants and absence of rational vaccine still persist. this necessitates search and/or progressive validation of accessible medicinal remedies including plant based. the study examined both in vivo and in vitro response of l. major infection to combined therapy of ricinus communis and azadirachta indica extracts in balb/c mice as the mouse model. a comparative study design was ...	2015	26541197
efficacy and dose response of soil-applied neem formulations in substrates with different amounts of organic matter, in the control of whiteflies, aleyrodes proletella and trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).	neem products have been used frequently as an alternative to synthetic pesticides, because of their insecticidal, insect antifeedant, and growth-regulating effects. moreover, new formulations are continually being developed and therefore, they have to be evaluated for their efficacy and persistence. in this regard, two soil-applied products-a liquid-based drenching solution neemazal-t and neemazal granules-were evaluated against two whitefly species, aleyrodes proletella l. and trialeurodes vapo ...	2015	26470244
threshold concentration of limonoids (azamax) for preventing infestation by mediterranean fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae).	this study identified the threshold concentration of limonoids for the complete inhibition of oviposition of ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) in grapes 'itália.' choice and no-choice experiments with the insect were performed. the three no-choice bioassays were conducted following a completely randomized design with 18 treatments (three densities of insects [one, two, or three females]×five concentrations of limonoids and control) and 20 replicates. in a free choice bioassay, two fruits per cage ( ...	2015	26470174
acute renal failure induced by chinese herbal medication in nigeria.	traditional herbal medicine is a global phenomenon especially in the resource poor economy where only the very rich can access orthodox care. these herbal products are associated with complications such as acute renal failure and liver damage with a high incidence of mortalities and morbidities. acute renal failure from the use of herbal remedies is said to account for about 30-35% of all cases of acute renal failure in africa. most of the herbal medications are not usually identified, but some ...	2015	26199625
a novel biopesticide ponneem to control human vector mosquitoes anopheles stephensi l. and culex quinquefasciatus say.	organophosphate pesticides are widely used in vector mosquito management and agricultural pest management. these chemicals enter into natural water bodies and soil and cause hazards to the environment. the objective of this study was to prepare a natural pesticide which will not harm the environment and yet control vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel biopesticide, patented and prepared from the oils of azadirachta indica and pongamia glabra, was tested against anopheles stephensi and culex quinq ...	2015	25929457
three new limonoids from azadirachta indica.	three new limonoids, azadiraindins e-g (1-3, respectively), together with six known analogs, were isolated from the fresh fruit coats of azadirachta indica. the structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (ir, ms, hr-esi-ms, 1d nmr, and 2d nmr).	2015	25289883
morphological effects of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed oil with known azadirachtin concentrations on the oocytes of semi-engorged rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks (acari: ixodidae).	the concern about the harmful effects caused by synthetic pesticides has led to the search for safe and ecological alternatives for pest control. in this context, the neem tree (azadirachta indica) stands out due to its repellent properties and effects on various arthropods, including ticks. for this reason, this study aimed to demonstrate the potential of neem as a control method for rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, important vectors of diseases in the veterinary point of view. for this, r. sang ...	2015	25346198
direct, rapid and sustainable vermicomposting of the leaf litter of neem (azadirachta indica).	the recently developed concept of high rate vermicomposting was successfully used to enable direct vermicomoposting of neem leaves-without any pre-composting or cow dung supplementation as previously reported processes had necessitated. all the three epigeic species of earthworms that were explored, eudrilus eugeniae, eisenia fetida and perionyx excavatus, provided efficient vermicast production with no mortality, persistent gain in body mass and good fecundity over the 16 months long period of ...	2015	25344437
rhynchophorus ferrugineus midgut cell line to evaluate insecticidal potency of different plant essential oils.	cell cultures can be a potent and strong tool to evaluate the insecticidal efficiency of natural products. plant essential oils have long been used as the fragrance or curative products around the world which means that they are safer to be used in close proximity of humans and mammals. in this study, a midgut cell line, developed from rhynchophorus ferrugineus (rpw-1), was used for screening essential oils from nine different plants. assays revealed that higher cell mortality was observed at 50 ...	2015	25381034
archives of total mercury reconstructed with ice and snow from greenland and the canadian high arctic.	this study reports total hg concentration and atmospheric flux data from ice cores and snow/ice shallow pits from two canadian arctic and one greenland glaciers, with the aim of reconstructing a high resolution record of thg deposition extending back into the pre-industrial period. an 88-m ice core (653 samples) from the neem glacier site in northwest greenland was retrieved in august 2010. the bottom sample was dated to 1748, resulting in a 262 year archive. snow and ice samples (143 samples) w ...	2015	24913889
old ingredients for a new recipe? neem cake, a low-cost botanical by-product in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases.	mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) represent an important threat to millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for important pathogens, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and west nile. control programmes mainly rely on chemical treatments against larvae, indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets. in recent years, huge efforts have been carried out to propose new eco-friendly alternatives, with a special focus on the evaluation of plant-borne mosquitocidal compounds. ...	2015	25563612
performance and carcass characteristics of guinea fowl fed on dietary neem (azadirachta indica) leaf powder as a growth promoter.	the present work aimed at studying growth pattern and carcass traits in pearl grey guinea fowl fed on dietary neem (azadirachta indica) leaf powder (nlp) over a period of 12 weeks. day old guinea fowl keets (n=120) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, each with 3 replicates. the first treatment was designated as control (t0) in which no supplement was added to the feed, while in treatments t1, t2 and t3, nlp was provided as 1, 2 and 3 g per kg of feed, respectively. the results revea ...	2015	27175156
effect of natural gel product on bovine dentin erosion in vitro.	to evaluate the efficacy of neem (azadirachta indica) experimental gel for the prevention of erosive wear on bovine dentin, in vitro.	2015	24473728
occurrence of scaptocoris castanea perty (hemiptera: cydnidae) damaging azadirachta indica (meliaceae) seedlings in brazil.	neem (azadirachta indica) seedlings were found infested by the brown burrower bug, scaptocoris castanea perty, in december 2009, in the county of tupaciguara, minas gerais state. symptoms observed varied from leaf yellowing and stem drying, reduction in root size and number to plant death. this is the first report of s. castanea attacking neem plants.	2015	21584415
chemical characterization of azadirachta indica grafted on melia azedarach and analyses of azadirachtin by hplc-ms-ms (srm) and meliatoxins by maldi-ms.	melia azedarach adapted to cool climates was selected as rootstocks for vegetative propagation of azadirachta indica. cleft grafting of a. indica on m. azedarach rootstock showed excellent survival. little is known about the chemistry of grafting.	2015	20333612
repellent efficacy of deet, mygga, neem (azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (melia azedarach) oil against anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in ethiopia.	in ethiopia, anopheles arabiensis is the main vector responsible for the transmission of malaria in the country and its control mainly involves application of indoor residual spraying (irs) and use of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns).	2015	25935845
neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for the control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae.	entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management and many isolates are compatible with synthetic and natural insecticides. neem oil was tested separately and in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae against larvae of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. our aim was to increase the effectiveness of the fungus for the control of larval mosquito populations.	2015	26715150
apoptosis mediated leishmanicidal activity of azadirachta indica bioactive fractions is accompanied by th1 immunostimulatory potential and therapeutic cure in vivo.	exploration of immunomodulatory antileishmanials of plant origin is now being strongly recommended to overcome the immune suppression evident during visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and high cost and toxicity associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. in accordance, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic fractions of azadirachta indica leaves (ale) and seeds (ase).	2015	25884649
efficacy of neem chippings for mosquito larval control under field conditions.	an in depth understanding of mosquito breeding biology and factors regulating population sizes is fundamental for vector population control. this paper presents results from a survey of mosquito breeding habitats and the efficacy of neem chippings as a potential larvicide that can be integrated in mosquito control on nyabondo plateau in western kenya.	2015	25888120
bioactivity of six plant extracts on adults of demotispa neivai (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).	demotispa neivai bondar (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) damage oil palm fruits, which makes it necessary to develop products to control this insect. the mortality, repellency, and antifeeding effects on adults of d. neivai of six plant extracts of azadirachta indica a. juss. (sapindales: meliaceae), ricinus communis (l.) (malpighiaes: euphorbiaceae), citrus sinensis oesbek (sapindales: rutaceae), nicotiana tabacum (l.) (slanales: solanaceae), capsicum annuum (l.) (solanales: solanaceae), and artemis ...	2015	25843587
determinants of visceral leishmaniasis: a case-control study in gedaref state, sudan.	improving knowledge on local determinants of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is crucial to guide the development of relevant control strategies. this study aimed to identify individual and household level determinants of primary vl in 24 highly endemic villages of tabarak allah hospital's catchment area, gedaref state, sudan.	2015	26544177
impact of repeated neemazal-treated blood meals on the fitness of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.	herbal remedies are widely used in many malaria endemic countries to treat patients, in particular in the absence of anti-malarial drugs and in some settings to prevent the disease. herbal medicines may be specifically designed for prophylaxis and/or for blocking malaria transmission to benefit both, the individual consumer and the community at large. neem represents a good candidate for this purpose due to its inhibitory effects on the parasite stages that cause the clinical manifestations of m ...	2015	25884799
computational analysis reveal inhibitory action of nimbin against dengue viral envelope protein.	dengue has emerged to be global health problem worldwide. hence there is an immediate need to adopt new strategies in the development of effective anti-dengue drugs. extracts from the leaves of azadirachta indica has been traditionally used in folk medicine for viral infections. in the present study we report the anti-viral potency of nimbin, the active compound from the neem leaf extract against the envelope protein of dengue virus. progression of viral entry into the host cell is facilitated b ...	2015	26645034
effect of neem (azadirachta indica) on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy manure.	escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) shed in cattle manure can survive for extended periods of time and intervention strategies to control this pathogen at the source are critical as produce crops are often grown in proximity to animal raising operations. this study evaluated whether neem (azadirachta indica), known for its antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, can be used to amend manure to control eco157. the influence of neem materials (leaf, bark, and oil) on the survival of an apple juice ...	2015	26184255
neem (azadirachtaindica a. juss) oil: a natural preservative to control meat spoilage.	plant-derived extracts (pdes) are a source of biologically-active substances having antimicrobial properties. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of neem oil (no) as a preservative of fresh retail meat. the antibacterial activity of no against carnobacterium maltaromaticum, brochothrix thermosphacta, escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, lactobacillus curvatus and l. sakei was assessed in a broth model system. the bacterial growth inhibition zone (mm) ranged from 18.83 ± 1.1 ...	2015	28231186
organic neem compounds inhibit soft-rot fungal growth and improve the strength of anthracite bricks bound with collagen and lignin for use in iron foundry cupolas.	to examine organic neem compounds for their effective growth inhibition of saprotrophic soft-rot fungi on anthracite bricks bound with collagen and lignin for use in iron foundry cupolas as an alternative fuel source.	2015	25857444
report: in vivo anticoccidial effects of azadirachta indica and carica papaya l. with salinomycin drug as a dietary feed supplement in broiler chicks.	a total of thirty suspected broiler chicks were screened for coccidiosis, of them 25 chicks were found to be infected with coccidiosis viz. eimeria tenella (15) eimeria maxima (5) eimeria necatrix (6) and eimeria mitis (4). the anticoccidial efficacy of azadirachta indica and carica papaya with salinomycin as a dietary feed supplement on the representative e. tenella (25 x 10³ oocyst) infection challenged in broiler chicks was studied in six groups for the period of six weeks. a. indica and c. p ...	2015	26142532
antimicrobial activity of herbal medicines (tulsi extract, neem extract) and chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis in endodontics: an in vitro study.	successful endodontic treatment depends on effective disinfection and complete sealing of root canal. various medicaments are advised for disinfecting root canal, such as herbal and non-herbal medicaments. this study was done to assess the antimicrobial activity of herbal medicines (neem extract, tulsi extract) and chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis in endodontics.	2015	26942123
an in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of five herbal extracts and comparison of their activity with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis.	sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used irrigant in endodontic practice, but it has various disadvantages. literature has shown that herbal products such as propolis, azadirachta indica (ai), triphala, curcuma longa, and morinda citrifolia (mc) possess good antimicrobial properties and thus can be used as potential endodontic irrigants.	2015	26672425
comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of triclosan- containing, herbal and homeopathy toothpastes- an invitro study.	use of antimicrobial agents is one of the important strategies to prevent oral diseases. these agents vary in their abilities to deliver preventive and therapeutic benefits.	2015	26557516
silver nanoparticles embedded mesoporous sio₂ nanosphere: an effective anticandidal agent against candida albicans 077.	candida albicans is a diploid fungus that causes common infections such as denture stomatitis, thrush, urinary tract infections, etc. immunocompromised patients can become severely infected by this fungus. development of an effective anticandidal agent against this pathogenic fungus, therefore, will be very useful for practical application. in this work, ag-embedded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (msio2@agnps) have successfully been synthesized and their anticandidal activities against c. albic ...	2015	26119911
dentinal tubule disinfection with propolis & two extracts of azadirachta indica against candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate.	this study evaluates the disinfection of dentinal tubules using propolis, azadirachta indica (alcoholic and aqueous extracts), 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide against candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate.	2015	26962368
natural control of bacteria affecting meat quality by a neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) cake extract.	the antibacterial activity of an ethylacetate neem cake extract (nce) against bacteria that affect meat quality, namely campylobacter jejuni, carnobacterium spp., lactobacillus curvatus, lactobacillus sakei and leuconostoc sp., is reported. the antibacterial activity was detected using standardised disc diffusion and macrodilution methods. the bacterial growth inhibition zone ranged from 11.33 ± 0.58 to 22.67 ± 0.58 mm (100 μl nce). there is significant difference between the growth inhibition z ...	2015	25272067