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retinal modulation of the hypothalamic sensitivity to testosterone feedback in photoperiodism of quail.this experiment was performed on two groups of male japanese quail. one had been maintained in our laboratory as a closed colony (s-group), and the other had been obtained from a commercial source (r-group). different responses of gonadal function were found between two groups following either testosterone treatment or exposure to short days. immature birds of these groups responded to long days with rapid gonadal growth, but after sexual maturity, exposure to short days for 3 weeks induced test ...19854043720
increased clearance rate of plasma thyroxine accompanies estradiol-induced vitellogenesis in male japanese quail.four days after giving 16 mumol estradiol-17 beta (e2) per 100 g body weight to male japanese quail, the thyroids of these quail accumulated twice as much 125i as did the thyroids of control quail. plasma thyroxine concentrations were 7.38 +/- 45 (se) ng/ml (n = 16) for the e2-treated quail and 3.38 +/- .53 ng/ml (n = 16) for the controls. clearance rates of plasma thyroxine were 534 ng thyroxine/100 g/day for the e2-treated quail and 234 ng/100 g/day for the control quail. the e2 may have incre ...19854095073
[atheromatosis in the japanese quail. experimental model]. 19854092765
high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of long chain bases in intestinal glycolipids of adult and embryonic japanese quails.a new sensitive assay method for sphingoids, 4-d-hydroxysphinganine, sphingosine, and sphinganine, involving reversed phase hplc was described. chromatography of p-n-nitrophenylacetyl derivatives of the sphingoids showed sufficient resolution, and each peak showed a linear relationship between molar quantity and area response, from 10 pmol to 10 nmol. the method was applied to the analysis of long chain bases in intestinal glycolipids from embryonic and adult japanese quails. at the embryonic st ...19854086479
influences of thyroidectomy and thyroxine replacement on photoperiodically controlled reproduction in quail.the breeding season in quail ends when they become relatively refractory to long photoperiods. the processes underlying the development of this refractoriness are dependent upon the thyroid gland. thyroidectomized male japanese quail transferred from short (8 h light: 16 h darkness; 8l: 16d) to long (20l:4d) daily photoperiods mature their gonads and develop the androgen-dependent cloacal gland at rates only marginally slower than controls. however, when the birds are retransferred to short days ...19854067480
dispersal of estradiol-17 beta from the site of injection in the pectoral muscles of japanese quail.exogenous estrogens, if given in sufficient quantity, stimulate vitellogenesis in the males of vitellogenic species. in the present study, ethanolic solutions of estradiol-17 beta (e2), labeled with 16-alpha-[125i]iodoestradiol ([125i]e2) or sodium iodide (na125i), were injected into the pectoral muscles of male japanese quail. the rate of dispersal of the estradiol from the site of injection was measured in vivo during 4 days. the curves of radioactivity appeared to be diphasic. the dose percen ...19854048065
the rapid appearance of acid phosphatase activity at the developing ruffled border of parathyroid hormone activated medullary bone osteoclasts.the localization of acid phosphatase (acpase) activity in and near parathyroid hormone (pth) activated osteoclasts was investigated using electron microscopic cytochemical methods. at 3 hours after oviposition in japanese quail hens, medullary bone osteoclasts were highly reactive for acpase but lacked ruffled borders. there was no evidence of extracellular acpase activity associated with these osteoclasts. at 20 minutes after pth administration, osteoclasts had developing ruffled borders and ac ...19853933792
metabolism of steroid hormones in vitro by follicular tissues of the japanese quail.the cell-free homogenates of the theca layers and granulosa layers of quail follicles were incubated at 39 degrees c with 14c-labeled steroids in the presence of nadph. at the end of incubation, radioactive steroids were extracted and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. when radioactive progesterone was employed as the substrate, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were obtained as the metabolites. 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity, estimated from the amounts of these two metabolites ...19854063434
interaction of androgens and estrogens in the control of sexual behavior in male japanese quail.a series of 4 experiments was performed to study the relative contribution of androgens and estrogens in the activation of sexual behavior in castrated male quail. the synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (r 1881) which is not metabolized in androgen target tissues activated sexual behavior in castrated birds and at the dose level of 0.5-1 mg/day/animal had the same potency as testosterone (t). however r 1881 was much more active than t in the induction of cloacal gland growth and activation of c ...19853877943
whole brain acetylcholinesterase activity in lead-exposed japanese quail.a study was conducted in which male and female japanese quail were fed dietary lead as lead acetate from hatch through 12 weeks of age. lead was added to the diet at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg feed. significant reductions in whole brain acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity were found at all treatment levels. additionally, a sexual dimorphism in brain weight and ache activity was found. breeding males had heavier brain weights and lower ache activity than females. brain weight was not affected ...19854022911
ontogeny of the third component of complement of japanese quails.ontogeny of quail complement was examined in terms of serum c3 level, cytolytic activity of total complement, functional activity of c3 via the classical pathway (ccp) and an alternative route (acp), and the distribution of c3-bearing cells. in serum, c3 was detected from 7-day-old embryos by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. thereafter, its concentration increased rapidly and reached the adult level at 4-5 weeks of age. total activities of serum complement via ccp and acp, both of which were assaye ...19853882557
comparative responses of genetically resistant and nonselected japanese quail to dietary aflatoxin.two lines of japanese quail (ar2.5 and ar3) selected for resistance to aflatoxin and a nonselected control line (ns) were fed diets containing 0, 10, and 20 micrograms of aflatoxin/g of feed. line-related reductions in mortality and growth inhibition clearly demonstrated the resistance of the ar lines to dietary aflatoxin. two-week cumulative mortality percentages for the ns, ar2.5, and ar3 lines fed the 10 micrograms/g diet were 13.9, 7.7, and 2.6%, respectively, and 44.4, 17.9, and 12.8% at 20 ...19853991413
hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in japanese quail: changes in microsomal enzymes.hexachlorobenzene (hcb) was administered orally (500 mg/kg d) for 1, 2, 5, or 10d) to sexually mature japanese quail to compare altered hepatic porphyrin levels with changes that occur in hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. porphyrin levels rapidly increased following the administration of hcb (three times control levels after a single dose of hcb), and birds began to develop porphyria (i.e., porphyrin levels were at least 10 times higher than controls) following 5 d of treatment. following ...19854032490
postnatal growth and organ development in japanese quail selected for high growth rate.as a result of selection for high growth rate in the quail the organ growth pattern has changed considerably. the main change, which characterizes the early part of the postnatal growth, consists of an increased relative size of the digestive organs and a lowered early growth rate of pectoral muscles and feathers. since the increase in growth rate is linked to an increase in the relative size of the digestive organs, the growth rate is most likely restricted by the capacity to ingest and digest ...19854007580
a comparison of the effects of hexachlorobenzene, beta-naphthoflavone, and phenobarbital on cytochrome p-450 and mixed-function oxidases in japanese quail.hexachlorobenzene (hcb), beta-naphthoflavone (bnf), or phenobarbital (pb) was administered to japanese quail to determine their effects on hepatic porphyrin levels and drug-metabolizing enzymes. while hcb increased porphyrin levels, pb slightly reduced them, and bnf had no effect. hcb was an excellent inducer in quail, increasing the specific content of cytochrome p-450 to levels similar to those produced by bnf. additional similarities between hcb- and bnf-treated quail included a comparable hy ...19853981666
hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in japanese quail: an in vitro study of changes in cytochrome p-450 and monooxygenases.the ability of hexachlorobenzene (hcb) to cause changes in the isozymic composition of hepatic monooxygenases of japanese quail was assessed. hcb-induced changes in the relative concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites produced in vitro were apparent. hcb treatment also resulted in changes in the responsiveness of ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase (ecod) and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) to the in vitro cytochrome p-450 inhibitors metyrapone, skf-525a, and alpha-naphthoflavone. these changes ...19853878414
medullary bone matrix formation, mineralization, and remodeling related to the daily egg-laying cycle of japanese quail: a histological and radiological study.a model is presented concerning the remodeling of medullary bone during the egg-laying cycle of hens. this model is partly based on earlier results that showed that the active period of medullary bone resorption that produces part of the calcium needed for the eggshell coincides with the period of medullary bone matrix formation. it was hypothesized that mineralization of this matrix takes place during the subsequent inactive period. the present study examines this model. the medullary bone matr ...19853841645
eyes--the second (and third) pineal glands?the pineal gland, the retinas and perhaps other tissues as well may in some species produce melatonin that appears in significant quantities in the circulation. in at least one species, japanese quail, the circadian rhythm in the levels of circulating melatonin reflects contributions from both the pineal and the retinas; in other species circulating melatonin may come exclusively from the pineal or perhaps only from the eyes. comparative behavioural and physiological data from several bird and l ...19853836819
melatonin rhythms in quail: regulation by photoperiod and circadian pacemakers.the profile of melatonin in the eyes, pineal, and blood of japanese quail was assessed in birds held under ld 16:8 and ld 6:18 photoperiods. melatonin levels in all three tissues showed a robust daily rhythm with higher levels occurring at night. the amplitude of the rhythm was depressed and its duration lengthened on ld 6:18 relative to ld 16:8. the blood melatonin rhythm precisely reflected the rhythms shown by the pineal and eyes, supporting the idea that the blood rhythm is a result of melat ...19853831303
histochemical studies of ca-atpase, succinate and nad+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases in the shell gland of laying japanese quails: with special reference to calcium-transporting cells.in order to elucidate the problem of which cells are involved in calcium transport and to estimate the role of mitochondria in calcium transport in the avian shell gland, the fine structure and the ca-atpase, succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (nad+-icdh) activity of the shell gland of egg-laying japanese quails were examined. the surface epithelial cells, consisting of ciliated cells with cilia and microvilli and non-cil ...19852931410
chromosome abnormalities in embryos from lines of japanese quail divergently selected for body weight. 198522879193
effects of metabolism inhibitors, antiestrogens and antiandrogens on the androgen and estrogen induced sexual behavior in japanese quail.the relative contribution of androgenic and estrogenic metabolites of testosterone to the activation of sexual behavior was studied in japanese quail by using inhibitors of testosterone metabolism, antiestrogens and antiandrogens. these compounds were tested in castrated birds whose sexual behavior had been activated by silastic implants of testosterone (t) or daily injections of testosterone propionate (tp) or diethylstilboestrol (des). the aromatase inhibitor atd only depressed t-induced behav ...19862950530
interspecies selective motoneuron projection patterns in chick-quail chimeras.during normal development chick motoneurons have been shown to project selectively to appropriate muscles by responding to a series of cues, both specific and nonspecific, within the limb. we tested the ability of motoneurons from another avian species, the japanese quail, to respond to these cues by transplanting chick limb buds onto quail embryos and quail limb buds onto chick embryos between stages 17 1/2 and 19. feulgen staining, which distinguishes chick from quail cells on the basis of nuc ...19863020186
increased deposition of uranium in the bones of vitellogenic male japanese quail. effect of estradiol-17 beta on the distribution of uranium (vi), thorium (iv), gadolinium (iii), and calcium (ii).japanese quail were given, intramuscularly, either 16-mumol estradiol-17 beta (e2) in .25-ml ethanol solution/100 g body weight or .25 ml ethanol/100 g. four days later, these quail were given, intravenously, 1.5-mumol uo2(no3)2, th(no3)4, gdcl3 (153gd-labeled) or cacl2 (47ca-labeled)/.15 ml .03 n hcl solution/100 g. the distribution of uranium among selected tissues was markedly different than for thorium or gadolinium and was approximately the same as for calcium. for example, 18 hr after givi ...19863737527
acute aflatoxicosis in genetically resistant and nonselected japanese quail.aflatoxin b1 (afb1) was administered by either oral intubation or intravenous (iv) injection to two lines of japanese quail selected for aflatoxin resistance (ar2.5 and ar3) and a nonselected control line (ns). pretreatment feed consumption did not vary significantly between lines; however, normal water intake of ar quail was 25% greater than that of ns quail. oral afb1 dosing (1.0 mg/kg body wt) elicited 53 and 25% decreases in feed and water consumption of ns quail within 24 hr. the only postd ...19863737523
the relationship of certain blood parameters to aflatoxin resistance in japanese quail.blood chemistry profiles were obtained for two lines of japanese quail selected for resistance to aflatoxin, and for a nonselected control line. nine of the 18 plasma components measured in samples taken at 4 weeks of age changed as a result of selection. plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and potassium, and the activities of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and cholinesterase were significantly elevated in aflatoxin-resistant quail compared with ...19863774734
the relationship of muscle electrical activity, tremor and heat production to shivering thermogenesis in japanese quail.we measured the electrical activity and the tremor of the pectoral muscle and total body heat production in control and cold-acclimated japanese quail at +26 degrees c, +12 degrees c and +2 degrees c before and after 3 weeks of acclimation, using electromyography, accelerometer recordings, and indirect calorimetry. japanese quail shiver in 0.2- to 3-s bursts that occur in groups. an increase in both the frequency and the duration of bursts and burst groups contributes to the increase in heat pro ...19863760768
comparison of monoamine concentrations in the brains of adult male and female japanese quail.a fluorometric assay measuring brain tissue concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin has been validated for japanese quail. accuracy, precision, specificity, and parallelism were determined. the sensitivity of the assays was 6 ng/tube, which allowed individual assay of 1 to 2 mg hypothalamic tissue. in experiment 1, relatively large areas of brain from adult, reproductively active males and females were found to differ significantly in norepinephrine content in optic lobes and f ...19863748952
does behavior contingent stimulus movement enhance filial imprinting in japanese quail?japanese quail chicks were exposed for 2.5 hrs to either a white or a normal stuffed adult conspecific (= model). during this period the model was either nonmoving or it moved for short periods. this movement could be contingent or noncontingent upon distress calls of the chicks. in each condition, exposure led to a significant preference for the familiar model over the nonfamiliar one during a 10-min choice test. chicks exposed to a nonmoving model had the weakest preference for the familiar mo ...19863803728
transformation of a polygonal cellular pattern during sexual maturation of the avian oviduct epithelium: computer simulation.a peculiar cellular pattern resembling a checkerboard has been observed on the luminal surface of the oviduct epithelium of an adult japanese quail. the epithelium is a monolayer cell sheet and consists of two types of columnar cells, ciliated cells (c-cells) and gland cells (g-cells) assembled in alternating blocks. the pattern develops, during sexual maturation, from a kagome-like pattern (in which large c-cells are surrounded by small g-cells) characteristic of the immature oviduct. in the pr ...19863655641
diamine oxidase activity in japanese quail liver induced with aroclor 1254.male adult quails were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of aroclor 1254 mg/kg. the animals showed increases in hepatic weight and benzopyrene hydroxylase activity which were continuous up to 168 h after the treatment. at 96 h after treatment the activity of diamine oxidase (dao) in the microsomal fraction was significantly decreased whereas that of spermidine synthase seemed to increase.19863088927
carcase characteristics of japanese quail at 42 days of age.an experiment was carried out with japanese quail to study the effect of sex on carcase characteristics. the carcase yield was significantly greater in males than females, although the carcase weight was similar. the breast and legs constituted a major proportion of body weight, being 34.6 and 32.1% for males and females respectively, but their yields were not influenced by sex. the proportionate yield of liver and alimentary tract was greater in females than in males. both part weight and part ...19863708402
isolation and characterization of three alpha-glucosidases from the japanese quail.we have defined one type of acid alpha-glucosidase and two types of neutral alpha-glucosidases from quail skeletal muscle on the basis of differences in the elution patterns on a deae-cellulose column. the appearance of the two neutral alpha-glucosidase isoenzymes was age-dependent. a decrease in acid alpha-glucosidase activity was demonstrated in japanese quails with glycogenosis type ii. the characteristics of these three alpha-glucosidase isoenzymes are described.19863519597
altered endocrine and behavioral responses with reproductive aging in the male japanese quail.experiments were conducted to further characterize the age-related decline in reproductive capability previously described in the male japanese quail. behavioral testing of a large number of males in several age groups confirmed earlier results that showed a significant reduction in courtship and mating behavior by 80 weeks of age. intact males, 78 weeks of age, that showed no reproductive behavior were given silastic implants containing testosterone. this treatment restored behavior in 80% of t ...19863514416
a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the quail preoptic area.the cytoarchitectural analysis of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic region of the japanese quail reveals a sexual dimorphism in the total volume of the medial preoptic nucleus (significantly larger in males than in females). different nuclei of the region (dorsal preopticus, suprachiasmaticus) do not show any statistically significant difference. the sex-related difference is more consistent comparing the distribution of dark volume. this last is due to a larger number of cells containing high ...19863960396
development of testosterone-metabolizing pathways in the avian brain: enzyme localization and characteristics.metabolites formed from testosterone in the brain, their neuroanatomical distribution and the kinetic properties of the enzymes were studied in male and female japanese quail chicks and compared with the adult brain using an in vitro radioassay. oestradiol-17 beta. 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone and 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol were identified as metabolites of testosterone (t) in hypothalamic samples of 3-day-old quail. estimation of the km of hypothalamic ar ...19863948030
effects of photoperiods on the weights of bursa of fabricius and thymus in japanese quail.effects of photoperiods on the growth of the bursa of fabricius and the thymus were investigated in male (1-8 weeks after hatching) and female (5-7 weeks after hatching) japanese quail. in males from hatching to 4 weeks of age, the bursal growth was not affected by photoperiod. however, the growth pattern was different between long and short days after 4 weeks of age, i.e., the bursal weight under long days (ld 16:8) increased rapidly until 6 weeks of age and regressed thereafter, whereas it con ...19863803990
the proliferation and differentiation of the bone-lining cell in estrogen-induced osteogenesis.the purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of the bone-lining cell, which covers most nonremodeling bone surfaces in the adult skeleton, to proliferate and contribute to the rapid endosteal osteogenic response following estrogen treatment in male japanese quail. in control, untreated birds bone-lining cells cover most of the femoral endosteal surface. bone-lining cells are thinly extended along bone surfaces, have flat nuclei, and account for about 77% of the cells adjacent to the b ...19863790374
effect of flutamide (an antiandrogen) and diethylstilbestrol on the reproductive behavior of japanese quail.three experiments were conducted in order to investigate the role of brain androgen and estrogen receptors in sex hormone activated male reproductive behavior in japanese quail. in experiment 1, castrated male quail were injected with oil, testosterone propionate (tp), flutamide (flut), an androgen antagonist, or tp+flut. males given tp+flut, compared with birds receiving tp alone, strutted much less and had smaller proctodeal (foam) glands. copulation was reduced by flut only on the last test d ...19863703970
tissue distribution and hepatic ultrastructural effects of aflatoxin b1 in japanese quail.fertile, japanese quail eggs were injected with graded levels of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) dissolved in ethanol. hatchability varied inversely with the quantity of afb1 administered. the generated quail were utilized in studies of afb1 distribution and its effects upon hepatic ultrastructure. putative afb1 was detected within the livers of two quail 6 h after dosing, although the afb1 distribution was inconsistent between the individuals. electron microscopy revealed that liver parenchymal cells from ...19863111516
response of japanese quail fed seed meal from sunflowers grown on a municipal sludge-amended soil: elevation of cadmium in tissues.sunflowers were grown on soil amended with 224 metric tons/ha of municipal sewage sludge from syracuse, n.y. the yield of sunflower seeds was reduced by 47.2% by the sludge addition. the harvested seeds contained 1.71 ppm dry weight of cadmium. deoiled seed meal was incorporated as 25 and 50% of semipurified diet and fed to male and female japanese quail. the concentrations of cadmium were higher in kidney, liver, muscle, and eggs of birds fed the sludge-grown seed meal as compared to control qu ...19863005604
induction of acute renal porphyria in japanese quail by aroclor 1254. 19863094542
infectious sinusitis in coturnix quails in brazil.in brazil, mycoplasmas were isolated from the sinuses of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) from two commercial flocks affected with sinusitis. the major respiratory signs and gross lesions are described. based on serological and biochemical results, the mycoplasmas isolated were identified as mycoplasma gallisepticum. one of the isolates was pathogenic for chickens.19863729866
[adaptation of strains of the rabies virus flury lep and hep to primary culture of fibroblasts of the embryo of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)]. 19863561096
skin surface topography in the domestic fowl and japanese quail. 19863594177
vitamin d3 and avian bone in vitro: stimulation of calcium movement into japanese quail calvaria.addition of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25(oh)2d3) to cultured neonatal mouse calvaria has consistently led to bone resorption as determined by an increase in medium calcium. no such effect on avian bone has been widely reported. we have tested the in vitro effects of 1,25(oh)2d3 on 48- and 96-hour cultures of calvaria removed from both sexes of japanese quail at various ages. no effect of 1,25(oh)2d3 on net calcium movement was seen in cultures of calvaria removed from neonatal (5-day), 1-week, ...19863100004
effects of two kinds of chicken luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lh-rh), mammalian lh-rh and its analogs on the release of lh and fsh in japanese quail and chicken.a newly isolated and characterized chicken luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-ii (chicken lh-rh-ii, miyamoto et al., 1984) had luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) releasing activity in vitro and in vivo in japanese quail: the activity was almost equal to chicken lh-rh-i and mammalian lh-rh. these three lh-rhs induced the release of lh several times higher than that of fsh in vitro and also in vivo. no significant difference between chicken lh-rh-i and lh-rh-ii was ...19863100386
acute oral toxicity of sodium cyanide in birds.sensitivities of six avian species, black vulture (coragyps atratus), american kestrel (falco sparverius), japanese quail (coturnix japonica), domestic chicken (gallus domesticus), eastern screech-owl (otus asio), and european starling (sturnus vulgaris), to acute poisoning by sodium cyanide (nacn) were compared by single dose ld50's. three species, domestic chickens, black vultures, and turkey vultures (cathartes aura), were dosed with nacn to determine cyanide residues in those that died and a ...19863503141
immunohistochemical study of the distribution of vasotocin reacting neurons in avian diencephalon.vasotocin (vt)- and neurophysin (nph)-containing neurons were immunocytochemically demonstrated in the diencephalon of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), domestic fowl (gallus gallus), and pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos). in these three avian species, the immunoreactive cells are similarly distributed into three different diencephalic regions: lateral (l), periventricular (p), and dorsal diencephalic (dd). a different number of cell clusters can be easily identified in each region ...19863540108
the nature of thyrotropin stimulation of thyroid function in japanese quail: prolonged thyrotropin exposure is necessary to increase thyroidal 125i uptake.single injections of thyrotropin (tsh) increase serum t4 and thyroidal 32p uptake but not thyroidal 125i uptake regardless of dosage, exposure time or age. chronic tsh exposure, with 3 or more days of injection, does increase thyroidal 125i uptake. studies using iodine (i) supplementation indicated that the increased thyroidal radioiodine uptakes seen with chronic tsh administration were not due to an i deficiency in the thyroid resulting from high hormone release. labeled and unlabeled experime ...19862878775
molecular cloning and characterization of gag-, pol-, and env-related gene sequences in the ev- chicken.using less stringent hybridization conditions and cloned viral dna probes representing the avian sarcoma virus gag, pol, env, and long terminal repeat (ltr) gene sequences, we detected related sequences in two avian species purportedly lacking all endogenous avian leukosis viruses, the ev- chicken and the japanese quail. the blot hybridization patterns obtained with the various probes suggest the presence of between 40 and 100 copies of retrovirus-related sequences in the genomes of these two sp ...19863016330
different mechanisms controlling fsh and lh release in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): evidence for an inherently spontaneous release and production of fsh.plasma concentration of fsh and lh and their content in the adenohypophyses of japanese quail were estimated by homologous radioimmunoassays based on chicken hormones. the results consistently showed that the plasma concentration of fsh was slightly higher than that of lh, although the fsh content in the adenohypophysis was much lower than that of lh in immature, mature and acutely photostimulated quail. these results prompted experiments in vitro to determine whether the difference was intrinsi ...19863081675
japanese quail as a model for the study of hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria. 19863596744
passage of duck hepatitis virus in cell cultures derived from avian embryos of different species.an egg-attenuated strain of duck hepatitis virus was successfully passaged through cell cultures of avian embryos derived from goose, turkey, guinea fowl, japanese quail, pheasant and chicken. two field strains of the virus were passaged in a more limited range of species.19863020656
vitamin d3 and avian bone in vitro: specificity of effect on japanese quail calvaria.calcitriol (1,25(oh)2d3) has been shown, under certain conditions, to elicit an in vitro response in adult avian calvarium which may be interpreted as calcium uptake by the bone. the present investigation was undertaken to study the specificity of this response. calvaria were removed from 6-week-old female japanese quail and cultured for periods of up to 96 hours at 37 degrees c in 5% co2/95% air. 1,25(oh)2d3 induced a fall in the medium total and ionic calcium concentrations at both 48 hours an ...19863026593
a heat-stable toxin isolated from the turkey coryza agent, bordetella avium.a toxin was isolated from bordetella avium grown in a defined medium. the toxin was active for mice but not for turkey poults or japanese quail. the extraction procedure is described. the toxin was trypsin-sensitive and heat-stable (85 c for 30 min), and its activity was blocked by b. avium hyperimmune serum.19863814013
a study of marek's disease in japanese quails vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys.in a study of outbreaks of marek's disease in quails, 220 adult quails vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were examined pathologically and serologically for marek's disease (md). forty-three of the 220 quails exhibited microscopic lesions similar to those of chickens with md. md-virus-specific antigen was found in feather tips of 44 of the 220 birds, and the hvt-specific antibody was found in sera of 56 of the 220 birds by agar gel precipitation. there was a positive correlation betwee ...19863814019
preparation of a monoclonal antibody to common amino acid sequence of lhrh and its application.in order to prepare an antibody directed at the common amino acid sequence of mammalian, avian, and fish luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones (lhrhs), c-terminal free lhrh was conjugated with bovine thyroglobulin, and was used as the antigen. a monoclonal antibody (lrh13) was obtained as an ascitic fluid by fusing the spleen cells of a balb/c donor mouse immunized with the antigen to x63.ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells followed by limiting dilution cloning and transplanting a positive clone to bal ...19863530729
calcium-dependent chronotropic action of bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) in isolated atria of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.the involvement of extracellular calcium in the chronotropic action of parathyroid hormone (pth) in isolated quail atria was studied. bovine (b) pth-(1-34) caused dose-dependent increases in the atrial beating rate. the pth-induced positive chronotropism was significantly attenuated by lowering the extracellular calcium concentration or by using the calcium channel antagonists verapamil and d600. this suggests the importance of calcium influx in the cardiac action of pth. beta-adrenergic blockad ...19863557092
isolation and partial characterization of japanese quail oviduct mrnas.the total mrna was prepared from laying quail oviduct and, after denaturation with dimethyl sulphoxide and glyoxal, characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis. the electrophoresis showed that the preparation contains physically homogeneous molecules of mrnas, which migrate as discrete bands. the molecular weights of four major oviduct mrnas coding for conalbumin, ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and lysozyme were determined. the biological activity of mrnas was assayed in a cell-free translation system d ...19862428676
characterization of rous sarcoma virus-related sequences in the japanese quail.we detected sequences related to the avian retrovirus rous sarcoma virus within the genome of the japanese quail, a species previously considered to be free of endogenous avian leukosis virus elements. using low-stringency conditions of hybridization, we screened a quail genomic library for clones containing retrovirus-related information. of five clones so selected, one, lambda q48, contained sequence information related to the gag, pol, and env genes of rous sarcoma virus arranged in a contigu ...19863016302
infectious bursal disease virus infection in the quail-chicken hybrid.hybrids produced from crossing cornell k-strain white leghorn chickens and line ii japanese quails were studied for susceptibility to infection with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). quail-chicken hybrids were infected successfully following inoculation with ibdv at 14, 21, or 52 days of age. in most cases, precipitating antibodies were detected in serum by 10 days postinoculation (pi). although no clinical signs or gross lesions were evident in the bursa of fabricius of hybrids, histologi ...19863021100
ultrastructural and cytochemical studies in normal japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eosinophils and in those from birds with experimentally induced eosinophilia.normal eosinophil development in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was similar to that described in the fowl and the duck, with granulogenesis occurring in the golgi apparatus. the characteristic lipid droplets were small in the immature eosinophils, and after staining specifically for lipid, small moieties were also traced to the golgi apparatus. in mature eosinophils the lipid droplets measured between 1.0 and 1.5 micron in diameter and they were surrounded by profiles of smooth ...19863022360
distribution and morphology of retinal ganglion cells in the japanese quail.a ganglion cell density map was produced from the nissl-stained retinal whole mount of the japanese quail. ganglion cell density diminished nearly concentrically from the central area toward the retinal periphery. the mean soma area of ganglion cells in isodensity zones increased as the cell density decreased. the histograms of soma areas in each zone indicated that a population of small-sized ganglion cells persists into the peripheral retina. the total number of ganglion cells was estimated at ...19863730839
the structure of sugar chains of japanese quail ovomucoid. the occurrence of oligosaccharides not expected from the classical biosynthetic pathway for n-glycans; a method for the assessment of the structure of glycans present in picomolar amounts.while the structure of the major oligosaccharide of japanese quail ovomucoid was reported earlier (hase, s. et al. (1982) j. biochem. 91, 735-737), the structures of the minor oligosaccharide units were investigated for the first time in the present studies. for this purpose, the glycans of the protein were liberated from the polypeptide chain by hydrazinolysis. after n-acetylation, the reducing ends of the oligosaccharides obtained were coupled with 2-aminopyridine, and then the resulting fluor ...19863745144
an improved method for the separation of molecular species of cerebrosides.a method employing reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) has been developed for the analysis of molecular species of underivatized cerebrosides. by using a high carbon (20%) c18-silica bead column, monohexosylceramides isolated from bovine brain and japanese quail intestine could each be separated into 42 and 56 peaks, respectively, and could subsequently be recovered. under our analytical conditions, underivatized cerebrosides with 24:1 and 22:0 fatty acids were completel ...19863796235
ultrastructural changes in the uropygial gland of the male japanese quail, coturnix coturnix, after testosterone treatment. comparison with the sebaceous gland of the male rat.the ultrastructure of the uropygial gland of the male quail was compared to that of the sebaceous gland of the male rat after castration and testosterone treatment of both species. in intact animals, the differentiating cells of these glands displayed almost the same pattern as regards their smooth endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle involved in lipogenesis in both cases. castration reduced the volume of this organelle, while testosterone administration restored cell morphology to a normal or su ...19863779815
biological activity of fluorine-substituted 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 in rats, in chicken and in japanese quails.the biological activity of two fluorinated analogs of 1,25(oh)2d3 was compared with 1,25(oh)2d3 in various vitamin d assays. the effect of 24,24-f2-1,25(oh)2d3 on plasma calcium, bone weight and duodenal calcium binding protein in chicken, on calcium excretion via egg shell in japanese quails and on mobilization of calcium from the bone in rats was twice as high as the effect of the most potent naturally occurring vitamin d3 metabolite 1,25(oh)2d3. in contrast, 24r-f-1,25(oh)2d3 has less than 50 ...19863754105
comparative study on the cardiac actions of bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34).the cardiac stimulatory effects of bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) [bpth-(1-34)] were studied on isolated atria and ventricular strips from cobra snakes (naja naja), ducklings (anas platyrhynchos), pigeons (columba livia), japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), laboratory rats (rattus norvegicus), and dogs (canis familiaris). in all atrial preparations, bpth-(1-34) caused positive chronotropism. this suggests that the chronotropic effect of pth is ubiquitous among the terrestrial verteb ...19863940926
mycosis of commercial japanese quail, ducks and turkeys. 19863767802
response of japanese quail to hemorrhagic stress after exposure to microwave radiation during embryogeny.coturnix coturnix japonica eggs were exposed to 2.45 ghz continuous wave microwave radiation at an incident power density of 5 mw/cm2 (sar = 4 mw/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. after hatching, hematologic changes in response to an acute hemorrhage were measured in exposed and nonexposed (control) juveniles and adults of both sexes. reticulocyte numbers and percentages were depressed below control numbers at 24 hr postphlebotomy in exposed adult females. lymphocyte numbers were depres ...19862879671
depression of plasma luteinizing hormone concentration in quail by the anticholinesterase insecticide parathion.to examine the effects of parathion on basal plasma luteinizing hormone (lh) concentration, male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were orally intubated with 0, 5 or 10 mg/kg parathion and sacrificed after 4, 8 and 24 hr. at the 5 mg/kg dose, plasma lh levels were reduced at 4 and 8 hr, but returned to control values by 24 hr. brain acetylcholinesterase activity was substantially reduced by 10 mg/kg parathion (52, 75 and 37% inhibition at 4, 8 and 24 hr, respectively) and plasma lh concentratio ...19862872014
selenium-mediated biochemical changes in japanese quail : i. formulation of semipurified low-selenium diet and effect on glutathione peroxidase.essentiality of selenium (se) for japanese quail,coturnix coturnix japonica, was confirmed using a formulated semipurified low-se diet (basal) (0.05 ppm). selenium-deficiency symptoms appeared in quails on this diet within 15 d, which corresponded to low levels of hemolysate glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity. selenium administration at 0.05 and 2.0 ppm levels resulted in an increase of hemolysate gsh-px activity by 64 and 116%, respectively, in both short- and long-term experiments. growt ...198624254354
lipocyte hyperplasia and sexual maturation of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. hyperplastic growth of adipose tissue in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was examined in relation to sexual maturity to determine whether fat cell number is fixed in mature individuals of this species. 2. total dna concentrations in the lipid (lipocyte) and non-lipid (stroma) fractions of collagenase (ec 3.4.24.3)-digested abdominal (retroperitoneal) fat depots were determined on a chronological-age basis from 28 to 240 d of age. the in vivo incorporation of [methyl-3h]thymidine i ...19863676180
urates and allantoic regulation in embryonic japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.during embryonic development, allantoic fluid represents the shifting balance between renal excretion and reabsorption by chorioallantoic membranes. allantoic contents of na+, k+, cl-, urate, ph, and water were followed over days 10-15 of the 16 day incubation. water volume remained near 0.9 ml until day 13, then declined very rapidly. the ph declined more steadily, from 8 to 5.5. contents of na+ and cl- fell regularly to final values 80-88% below day 10. the k+ content changed differently and n ...19863772331
sexual pavlovian conditioned approach behavior in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).a localized visual stimulus presented immediately prior to access to a female conspecific stimulated approach behavior in male japanese quail after several conditioning trials. development of this conditioned approach behavior was observed with two different types of signal lights, 10-s and 30-s signal durations, large and small experimental chambers, and with male birds housed continually in the conditioning chambers or only placed in the chamber for brief daily sessions. conditioning also resu ...19863802785
[development of the ovarian and oviduct arteries of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) after hatching]. 19862948420
selenium-mediated biochemical changes in japanese quails : ii. preliminary studies on glutathione peroxidase activity and collagen characteristics in the skin.the effect of selenium (se) on collagen characteristics and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in the skin of japanese quailscoturnix coturnix japonica fed a formulated, semipurified, low-se diet (basal) (0.05 ppm) was investigated. the quails exhibited severe se-deficiency symptoms and significant reduction in skin gsh-px activity at the end of 30 d. selenium supplementation at a 2-ppm level restored the normal skin conditions and enhanced skin gsh-px activity significantly. but a dietary ...198624254437
operant conditioning in the newly hatched quail : fixed interval performance.newly hatched quails and adult controls of the species coturnix coturnix japonica were trained to emit a treadle-pressing response reinforced with food on a fixed interval 60 seconds schedule, at a pace of 4 or 5 sessions a day. the young subjects were successfully shaped at the fourth day of life. although response rates were equivalent in young and adults, curvature index values and post-reinforcement pause durations were higher for the adult subjects over a 10-day conditioning period. these d ...198624924691
diurnal variations of sexual receptivity in the female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).a series of experiments was performed to study the changes during the day of female receptivity in japanese quail. in each experiment, the frequency of squatting and the percentage of male approaches which were followed by squatting increased at the end of the day, approximately 11 to 13 hr after lights on (in a photoperiod of 16l:8d). in some cases this increased receptivity was associated with a significant decrease of the long-avoid frequency. analyses are presented which demonstrate that the ...19863957258
determinants of social proximity in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): male behavior.following opportunity to copulate with a female housed in an adjacent compartment, male japanese quail spent 64% of their time near a window that provided visual access to the female (experiment 1). this social proximity behavior persisted for at least 2 weeks of continual exposure to the window despite lack of further physical access to the female (experiment 2) and was evident at all daylight hours (experiment 3). female japanese quail stimulated more proximity behavior in male conspecifics th ...19863754503
hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).hemiagenesis of the thyroid occurred in a closed population of japanese quails. the unilateral gland was histologically normal, occurred most frequently in females, was heavier than individual pairs of glands and the birds showed no clinical effects. comparative aspects are discussed.19863700735
[hepatic and duodenal biotransformation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix): activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase and coumarin 7-hydroxylase].in vitro cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenase activity was studied in hepatic and duodenal microsomes from the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) with two substrates, 7-ethoxycoumarin and coumarin. the rate of formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin--as the main metabolic product--was followed by fluorometry. 7-ethoxycoumarin o-de-ethylase activity (7-ecod) was shown in liver and duodenum, but coumarin 7-hydroxylase (cou 7-oh) was found only in liver. the requirement for some cofactors (nadph), the i ...19863490823
diluting segment in avian kidney. i. characterization of transepithelial voltages.renal tubules from the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix, were perfused in vitro to characterize the transepithelial voltage (vt). the thick limb (tl) of the mammalian-type (mt) nephron showed vt positive in the lumen (+9.1 +/- 0.7 mv, n = 35). the vt decreased with increases in hydrostatic perfusion pressure. furosemide (lumen), na cyanide (bath), and ouabain (bath) reversibly reduced vt. removal of cl or na from the perfusate and the bath decreased vt of the tl from +10.3 +/- 3.0 to -0.3 +/- 0 ...19863953845
quantification and characterization of metallothioneins in tissues of lower vertebrates and invertebrates.metallothionein (mt) and the related metal-binding proteins in tissues of lower vertebrates and invertebrates were isolated by gel filtration chromatography (conventional liquid and high performance liquid chromatography). the metal-binding proteins including mt were detected by determining the metals bound to the proteins by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. this analytical procedure was recommendable as the first step to characterize unknown metal-binding proteins in diverse living bodies. ...19872959515
leukocyte numbers during the humoral and cell-mediated immune response of japanese quail after microwave irradiation in ovo.1. coturnix coturnix japonica eggs were exposed to 2.45-ghz continuous wave microwave radiation at an incident power density of 5 mw/cm2 (sar = 4 mw/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. after hatching, leukocyte differential changes were measured in response to an injection with alectoris graeca chukar red blood cells (crbc) and in response to a phytohemagglutinin (pha) injection in irradiated and nonirradiated (sham) quail of both sexes. 2. microwave irradiation did not affect anti-crbc h ...19872886278
photoperiodic and endocrine control of social proximity behavior in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).previous research had shown that reproductively mature male japanese quail maintained on a 16:08 light/dark (16l:8d) photoperiod spend about 75% of their time throughout daylight hours near a window that provides visual access to a female conspecific. in contrast, females do not display a corresponding tendency to remain near male conspecifics. in experiment 1, i demonstrated that the social proximity behavior of male japanese quail declines significantly when photostimulation is restricted to 2 ...19873606811
effect of caponization on central nervous system monoamines in the japanese quail.depletion of brain regional norepinephrine (ne), dopamine (da) after alpha methyl-paratyrosine (amt), and serotonin (5ht) were measured in intact and caponized adult male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). telencephalon, diencephalon, and cerebellum da was depleted by amt treatment, but brain stem was not affected. amt-induced depletion of ne was greatest in telencephalon, diencephalon, and brain stem of capons. neither caponization nor amt affected brain regional 5ht. the results from ...19872881688
a comparison of aromatase, 5 alpha-, and 5 beta- reductase activities in the brain and pituitary of male and female quail (c. c. japonica).in numerous vertebrate species including japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), actions of testosterone (t) on neuroendocrine target tissues are mediated in part by conversion to estrogenic and androgenic metabolites. in order to assess which pathways were favored in each identified androgen target area in quail brain and whether there were discernible sex differences, we developed an assay for simultaneously quantifying aromatase, 5 alpha-, and 5 beta-reductase. in addition, we made the f ...19873612047
ultrastructural study of ochratoxicosis in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).ultrathin sections of liver and kidney from 11-week-old quail fed, from day-old, ochratoxin a (oa) (mixed in the diet at levels of 4 and 8 ppm) were examined in the electron microscope. pathological changes in the kidneys were limited to the proximal convoluted tubules (pct) and glomeruli. in the pcts, abnormal mitochondria and excessive numbers of lipid droplets were the principal findings with glomeruli showing thickened basement membranes. swollen mitochondria and variable glycogen deposition ...19873589170
isolation and characterization of single myocardial cells from the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.1. the enzymatic cell isolation technique was applied to the bird heart resulting in myocytes of which 10-50% maintained their spindle-shaped morphology, excluded the vital dye, evans blue and tolerated physiological concentration of ca2+ ions. 2. the length of spindle-shaped myocytes was on average 289 +/- 7 microns, and the maximum width was 10.2 +/- 0.3 microns. the mean length of the sarcomeres was 2.18 +/- 0.03 microns. 3. in electron micrographs the fine structure of the spindle-shaped myo ...19872889569
immunohistochemical localization of laminin, neural cell adhesion molecule, collagen type iv and t-61 antigen in the embryonic retina of the japanese quail by in vivo injection of antibodies.antibodies against laminin (ln), fibronectin (fn), collagen type iv (col iv), neural cell adhesion molecule (n-cam), t-61 antigen, actin, tubulin and neurofilament protein were injected into the eyes of quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica) of different ages. twenty h after injection, the heads of the embryos were fixed and the antibodies visualized in sections with the use of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (fitc) or peroxidase-labeled second antibodies by light- and electron microscopy. antibo ...19873664600
estimates of heritability for plasma very low density lipoprotein concentration and genetic correlations with lipid content, body volume, and density in coturnix coturnix japonica.genetic parameters associated with very low density lipoprotein concentration (vldl) in a randombred population of coturnix were estimated. associated traits were: body density, volume, and weight of the live bird, and lipid content of the whole carcass. a total of 739 progeny by 50 sires and 126 dams was the basis of the data. the vldl was highly heritable (.52) and highly correlated with lipid content (greater than .50) but correlated to lesser degrees with body density (.24) and body volume ( ...19873684849
hematological response of hemorrhaged japanese quail after blood volume replacement with saline.1. hematological responses to hemorrhage by phlebotomy with and without replacement of blood volume with saline were measured in juvenile and adult male coturnix coturnix japonica. 2. recovery of total peripheral erythrocyte numbers and total peripheral leukocyte numbers occurred within 72 hr postphlebotomy in both treatment groups. 3. saline replacement of blood volume following hemorrhage increased the total numbers and differential percentages of circulating reticulocytes at 72 hr postphlebot ...19872887392
effect of cage density and rank in peck order on brain regional monoamines in adult male coturnix coturnix japonica.1. in adult male coturnix coturnix japonica neither norepinephrine (ne) nor serotonin (5ht) in various brain regions were affected by caging density (174 cm2-8/cage; 348 cm2-4/cage; 696 cm2-2/cage). dopamine (da) in diencephalon was elevated in high density cages. 2. peck order rank was assigned on the basis of feather distribution on head, neck and back and lesions on head and back. 3. upper strata peck order rank was associated with significantly lower levels of brain regional ne and da compar ...19872886268
hematology of japanese quail selected for high or low serum corticosterone responses to complex stressors.blood was collected from random-bred male coturnix coturnix japonica and from quail selected genetically for high or low serum corticosterone responses to complex stressors after chronic exposure to short daily photoperiods and after exposure to long photoperiods. when compared to the low response quail, high response quail exhibited increased mean cellular hemoglobin values, reticulocyte numbers and heterophil percentages, and decreased monocyte and eosinophil numbers after exposure to long pho ...19872881699
manifestations of social stress in grouped japanese quail.physiological manifestations of social stress in stable and unstable (resident and visitor) pairs of adult male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were compared after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of regrouping. unstable pairs had reduced body and relative testes (mg/100 g) weights. plasma cholesterol was increased significantly in unstable pairs, and adrenal cholesterol was reduced significantly by daily regrouping of unstable pairs. twelve consecutive days of acth treatment (2, 4 or 8 iu/100 ...19872881689
effects of long term consumption of fish oil (maxepa) on serum lipids and arterial ultrastructure in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).both random (u.c. davis) and inbred ("sea") japanese quail were fed 8.6% dietary supplements of lard (sf) or fish oil (fo) maxepa (38% of calories from fat) and 9 months later selected blood vessels were subjected to light and electron microscopy. serum lipids were measured by means of automatic enzymatic analyses (beckman astra and dupont aca) following fasting (12-14 h) bleeding times taken at autopsy. vldl and ldl were determined indirectly. fatty acid profiles were done on pericardial fat fr ...19873689486
naloxone attenuates food but not water intake in japanese quail.the effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on food and water intake in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was investigated. birds were injected intramuscularly with 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg body weight of naloxone hydrochloride. food and water were offered ad libitum 15 min postinjection. food intake was attenuated in a dose-dependent fashion through 300 min following the return of food and water. the dose-response relationship was quadratic, with the greatest reduction in food int ...19873447145
selenium-mediated biochemical changes in japanese quails : tissue uptake and distribution of injected(75)selenium labeled sodium selenite in relation to dietary selenium status.the tissue uptake and distribution of injected [(75)se]-sodium selenite as a variance with time and as influenced by dietary selenium status was followed in the tissues of japanese quails,coturnix coturnix japonica. quails maintained on a low selenium semipurified (basal) diet and basal diets supplemented with 0.2 and 2.0 ppm selenium as sodium selenite were injected intraperitonially with(75)se as sodium selenite (2.8 microcuries). the injected(75)se was monitored in blood, liver, kidney, heart ...198724254762
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