Publications

an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, chile, 1997.	an outbreak of 25 cases of andes virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was recognized in southern chile from july 1997 through january 1998. in addition to the hps patients, three persons with mild hantaviral disease and one person with asymptomatic acute infection were identified. epidemiologic studies suggested person-to-person transmission in two of three family clusters. ecologic studies showed very high densities of several species of sigmodontine rodents in the area.	1998	9866751
[pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical manifestations and treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome].		1998	9674241
antigenic characterization of hantaan and seoul virus nucleocapsid proteins expressed by recombinant baculovirus: application of a truncated protein, lacking an antigenic region common to the two viruses, as a serotyping antigen.	hantaan virus (htn) and seoul virus (seo) are members of the genus hantavirus in the family bunyaviridae and are causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the complete and truncated nucleocapsid proteins (np) of htn and seo were expressed by a recombinant baculovirus system. antigenic characterization of the np using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) indicated that the binding sites for the serotype-specific mabs were located between amino acids (aa) 155 and 429. a western blot assay ...	1998	9705385
the muskrat (ondatra zibethicus) as a new reservoir for puumala-like hantavirus strains in europe.	we have used an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) to screen the sera and tissues of muskrats (ondatra zibethica) caught in the northwest of brandenburg and in the northeast of saxony-anhalt, germany, for hantavirus infection. kidney and/or lung tissue from 6 (3.1%, ci = 1.1-6.5%) out of 197 muskrats were found to be positive for genomic sequences of hantavirus by rt-pcr. we could also demonstrate that 14 (5%, ci = 2.9-8.7%) out of 266 muskrat's sera av ...	1998	9870582
human dobrava hantavirus infections in estonia.	outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) caused by dobrava hantavirus (dob) have been reported in albania, greece, and bosnia-herzegovina. a seroepidemiologic study conducted by the authors in estonia provided the first evidence of human dob infection in a baltic country. hantavirus infection was first confirmed in estonia in 1986 and believed related to puumala hantavirus (puu). to enable precise serotyping, serum samples were collected from 1728 healthy people in 11 ...	1998	9717928
[america hantaviruses: new data and implications].		1998	9718552
severe hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: a new indication for extracorporeal life support?		1998	9468156
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome treated with inhaled nitric oxide.		1998	9726354
lack of serologic evidence for an association between hantavirus infection and end-stage renal disease.		1998	9730717
[reservoirs and genetic viral diversity].		1998	9674244
[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. summary of the findings in argentina].		1998	9674245
tissue distribution of hantavirus antigen in naturally infected humans and deer mice.	the sin nombre virus (snv) is the etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in humans but does not cause disease in chronically infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), the natural host. in this study, murine antiserum raised against recombinant snv nucleocapsid protein was utilized to localize viral antigen immunohistochemically in tissues from both humans (n = 20; 11 positive, 9 negative) and deer mice (n = 6; 4 positive, 2 negative). viral infection status was confirmed by western ...	1998	9607851
short report: decrease in seroprevalence of antibodies to hantavirus in rodents from 1993-1994 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome case sites.	rodent trapping was conducted at seven hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) case sites from june 1993 to march 1994 during the hps outbreak in the southwestern united states. to determine if there were changes in the rodent population or the hantavirus seroprevalence in rodents since the hps outbreak, rodents were trapped at the same sites three years later using the same trapping protocol. the trap success decreased from the numbers trapped during the outbreak, however, the number of peromyscus, ...	1998	9660455
hantavirus seropositivity in israeli patients with renal failure.	the hantavirus is known to cause hemorraghic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), which is widely spread in europe and asia. several reports have shown an association of hantavirus antibody titers and the occurrence of renal dysfunction. from these observations, it appears that the virus is widely distributed, and different strains prevail in various areas. in the present work we studied 81 patients with end-stage renal-failure under hemodialysis (hd) treatment, 55 with mild to moderate renal failu ...	1998	9765032
[in the month of may, do whatever you please...].		1998	9775088
retrospective serological and genetic study of the distribution of hantaviruses in greece.	a retrospective serological and genetic study of hantaviruses responsible for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in greece during the last 17 years is presented. fifty-one serum samples taken from 30 hfrs cases previously diagnosed by immunofluorescence assay were tested by elisa for igg (hantaan, dobrava, and puumala) and igm antibodies (hantaan and puumala). results were compatible with the majority of infections being related to hantaviruses carried by rodents of the subfamily murin ...	1998	9661842
acute exacerbation of autoimmune liver disease associated with hantaviral infection.	hantavirus is known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). although liver dysfunction has been reported in hfrs, hepatic manifestations of hantaviral infection have not been well described. we describe a case of autoimmune cholangitis in which an exacerbation of hepatitis was associated with hantaviral infection. seroconversion of both igg- and igm-class antibodies to hantavirus was noted coincident with acute exacerbation of hepatitis, which was resolved promptly by treatment w ...	1998	9670364
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--colorado and new mexico, 1998.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe cardiopulmonary illness resulting in death in approximately 45% of cases. the most frequently recognized etiologic agent of hps in north america, sin nombre virus (snv), is transmitted to humans from its primary rodent reservoir, peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), by direct contact with infected rodents, rodent droppings, or nests or through inhalation of aerosolized virus particles from mouse urine and feces. sporadic cases occur throughout the ...	1998	9639364
seroprevalence of antibodies to hantavirus in health care workers and other residents of southern argentina.		1998	9798052
development of humoral cross-reactivity to the nucleocapsid protein of heterologous hantaviruses in nephropathia epidemica.	a hantavirus infection is followed by a prominent antibody response to the viral nucleocapsid protein. antibodies from patients infected with one hantavirus cross-react to varying degrees with the nucleocapsid protein of other viruses of the genus. we studied the cross-reactivity in serially obtained blood samples from 17 patients with nephropathia epidemica, a european form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala virus. recombinant truncated nucleocapsid protein (aa 1-117) of ...	1998	9879922
from the centers for disease control and prevention. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--colorado and new mexico, 1998.		1998	9707130
[diseases caused by hantaviruses].	hantaviruses are rna viruses that belong to the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae. the main reservoir of hantaviruses are rodents. humans become infected by inhaling particles of dust contaminated with faeces of rodents, that are found in europe and asia hantaviruses named: hantaan, seoul and dobrava-belgrade causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) are prevalent. typical clinical picture of hfrs consists of renal insufficiency (primarily anuria and then polyuria with disturbanc ...	1998	9919918
[epidemiology of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in argentina (1991-1997)].		1998	9674242
hantavirus infection: a possible cause of delayed sensorineural hearing loss.		1998	9591876
southwest cautious over hantavirus outbreak.		1998	9713524
host genes and infectious diseases.		1998	9716963
high-producer allele of tumour necrosis factor-alpha is part of the susceptibility mhc haplotype in severe puumala virus-induced nephropathia epidemica.	the biallelic polymorphisms in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) gene promoter region were studied in patients with nephropathia epidemica (ne). the rarer tnf2 allele, associated with a high tnf-alpha producer phenotype, was more frequently found in hospitalized ne patients (42%) than in healthy controls (15%; p=0.0064). the putative role of tnf2 as an independent risk factor for ne is discussed.	1998	10066063
first case of infection with hantavirus dobrava in germany.		1998	10052557
zoonoses and haemorrhagic fever.	virus zoonoses causing haemorrhagic fever have been recognized in three major families: arenaviridae, bunyaviridae and filoviridae. all are negative-stranded rna viruses, with genomes in two segments, three segments, or non-segmented, respectively. acquisition of haemorrhagic fever in man generally requires close contact with a vertebrate vector species, usually rodents, for the arenaviruses and bunyaviruses. in the case of filoviruses, the vector is currently unknown, but these viruses may infe ...	1998	9737374
first reported case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in oklahoma.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a condition of rapidly progressive pulmonary failure with a case-fatality rate of almost 50 percent. rodents serve as the reservoir for hantaviruses and human infection occurs primarily via aerosolized virus in rodent excreta. the rodent reservoir for the disease is widespread across oklahoma and the first case of hps has recently been confirmed in an oklahoma resident. physicians should suspect hps in a previously healthy person who develops a febrile illn ...	1998	9763765
infectious agents and the etiology of chronic idiopathic diseases.	at the end of the nineteenth century, the field of microbiology was born, and the infectious nature of many previously unexplained diseases was illuminated as powerful new technology was applied. at the end of the twentieth century, the etiology of myriad chronic diseases remains unexplained. we have argued that many of these diseases have clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features that suggest a role for microbes in their pathogenesis. although definitive evidence of microbial disease ...	1998	9779355
[anti-hantavirus antibodies in school children in salvador, bahia].	hantavirosis are emerging diseases in the americas. although considered rare in children, among the five cases diagnosed in brazil, one was in this age group. to know the serum-prevalence of hantavirosis in the pediatric group (schoolchildren) of low social economic level in salvador, bahia state, and to associate demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors to the serologic results, a standard questionnaire was applied and blood samples were collected from 379 students of two public sc ...	1998	9789441
hantavirus infection in the four corners region of usa in 1998.		1998	9802275
isolated abducens nerve palsy as a complication of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.		1998	9719177
hantaviruses: an emerging threat to human health?		1998	9742991
high prevalence of hantavirus infection in indian communities of the paraguayan and argentinean gran chaco.	serologic evidence of past infection with a sin nombre-like hantavirus(es) was demonstrated in 78 (40.4%) of 193 indians living in western paraguay and in 38 (17.1%) of 222 indians inhabiting the salta province of northern argentina. in both populations seroprevalence increased with age, with the most striking increase occurring at 18 years of age in the paraguayan population and at 35 years of age in the salta population. the peak prevalences in both populations (66.6% and 44.0%, respectively) ...	1998	9749641
ecology and demographics of hantavirus infections in rodent populations in the walker river basin of nevada and california.	to study the ecologic correlates of hantavirus in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), we sampled 114 sites in the walker river basin of nevada and california in 1995-1996. blood samples were tested for antibody to hantavirus, and a subset of samples was also tested for virus rna by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. average prevalence of antibody-positive mice was 17%, with heavier males the most likely to be infected. antibody prevalence varied within repeatedly sampled sites from ...	1998	9749642
a major outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the samara region, european russia.		1998	9795799
nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the medium (m) genomic rna segments of three hantaviruses isolated in china.	the medium (m) genome segment of hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae) encodes the two virion glycoproteins. g1 and g2, as a precursor protein in the complementary sense rna. we determined the nucleotide sequences of the m genome segments of three chinese hantavirus isolates, a hantaan-type (htn) virus designated a9 and two seoul-type (seo) viruses designated l99 and hb55, and compared them to those of other htn or seo viruses isolated in eastern asia. the m segment of a9 is 3616 nucleotides in len ...	1998	9784066
epidemiology of hantavirus infections in europe.		1998	9829467
hantavirus infection--new threats by an old virus.		1998	9829468
were hantaviruses eventually responsible for the lost anasazi culture?		1998	10358738
assessment of person-to-person transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a chilean hospital setting.	person-to-person transmission of andes hantavirus among healthcare workers was reported in argentina for the first time in 1996. to determine whether such transmission of the virus occurred during a 1997 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in southern chile due to andes virus, we conducted a serological and epidemiological study in the coyhaique regional hospital, where the majority of hps patients were admitted. workers in every department of the hospital were evaluated for immunogl ...	1998	9868619
pathogenesis of puumala and other hantavirus infections.	hantaviruses are rodent/insectivore-borne negative-stranded rna viruses which belong to the bunyaviridae family. they do not cause any symptomatic disease in their adult carrier rodents, but in humans they are aetiologic agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), both associated with a significant mortality. in cell culture hantaviruses do not cause cytopathic effects and the mechanisms of disease in man are not well understood. increased cap ...	1998	10398496
new world hantaviruses.	since the initial description in 1993 of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and its novel aetiological agent, sin nombre virus, our knowledge of the epidemiology of new world hantaviruses has continued to evolve. after the identifying outbreak in the southwestern us, four hantaviruses have been identified in north america with specific rodent hosts and associated with a number of sporadic cases. this stability of case recognition in north america is in contrast to the multiple outbreaks and endemic c ...	1998	10326292
[hantaviruses--a global problem].		1998	9885644
["emerging" viral zoonoses in native animals who can be the host in the netherlands].	viral zoonotic diseases can be defined as 'viral diseases transmitted from vertebrate animals to man'. viral zoonoses have been emerging and re-emerging throughout history and can cause serious diseases and disease outbreaks in human populations. this paper deals with emerging viral zoonotic infections that have hosts in native species and can be a hazard for the human population in the netherlands. rabies virus, hantavirus, influenza virus tick-borne encephalitis virus, borna disease virus and ...	1999	9921612
dobrava hantavirus in russia.		1999	9923881
hantavirus (bunyaviridae) infections in rodents from orange and san diego counties, california.	during a screening program to determine the extent of hantavirus activity in orange and san diego counties, california, serum samples from 2,365 rodents representing nine genera and 15 species were tested for hantavirus antibodies. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on selected seropositive rodents was used to identify the specific hantavirus. rodents positive for sin nombre virus (snv) antibodies by western blot included 86 (9.1%) of 948 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), four ( ...	1999	9988327
hantavirus nephropathy in a child.		1999	10328509
chronic renal dysfunction after hantavirus infection.		1999	10328510
recombination in tula hantavirus evolution: analysis of genetic lineages from slovakia.	to examine the evolution of tula hantavirus (tul), carried by the european common vole (microtus arvalis and m. rossiaemeridionalis), we have analyzed genetic variants from slovakia, the country where the virus is endemic. phylogenetic analysis (phylip) based on either partial (nucleotides [nt] 441 to 898) or complete n-protein-encoding sequences divided slovakian tul variants into two main lineages: (i) strains from eastern slovakia, which clustered with russian strains, and (ii) strains from w ...	1999	9847372
new york 1 and sin nombre viruses are serotypically distinct viruses associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	new york 1 virus (ny-1) and sin nombre virus (sn) are associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). ny-1 and sn are derived from unique mammalian hosts and geographic locations but have similar g1 and g2 surface proteins (93 and 97% identical, respectively). focus reduction neutralization assays were used to define the serotypic relationship between ny-1 and sn. sera from ny-1-positive peromyscus leucopus neutralized ny-1 and sn at titers of >/=1/3,200 and </=1/400, respectively (n = 12). ...	1999	9854075
long-term hantavirus persistence in rodent populations in central arizona.	for 35 months, we monitored hantavirus activity in rodent populations in central arizona. the most frequently captured hantavirus antibody-positive rodents were peromyscus boylii and p. truei. antibody-positive p. boylii were more frequently male (84%), older, and heavier, and they survived longer on trapping web sites than antibody-negative mice. the number of antibody-positive p. boylii was greater during high population densities than during low densities, while antibody prevalence was greate ...	1999	10081677
statistical sensitivity for detection of spatial and temporal patterns in rodent population densities.	a long-term monitoring program begun 1 year after the epidemic of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the u.s. southwest tracked rodent density changes through time and among sites and related these changes to hantavirus infection rates in various small-mammal reservoir species and human disease outbreaks. we assessed the statistical sensitivity of the program's field design and tested for potential biases in population estimates due to unintended deaths of rodents. analyzing data from two sites in ...	1999	10081679
natural history of sin nombre virus in western colorado.	a mark-recapture longitudinal study of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody to sin nombre virus (snv) in rodent populations in western colorado (1994-results summarized to october 1997) indicates the presence of snv or a closely related hantavirus at two sites. most rodents (principally deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, and pinyon mice, p. truei) did not persist on the trapping webs much beyond 1 month after first capture. some persisted more than 1 year, which suggests that even a few infected deer ...	1999	10081680
high levels of cytokine-producing cells in the lung tissues of patients with fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is characterized by the rapid onset of pulmonary edema and a high case-fatality rate. hantavirus antigens have been demonstrated in pulmonary capillary endothelial cells, but the mechanisms causing capillary leakage remain unclear. immunohistochemical staining was used to enumerate cytokine-producing cells (monokines: interleukin [il]-1alpha, il-1beta, il-6, and tumor necrosis factor [tnf]-alpha; lymphokines: interferon-gamma, il-2, il-4, and tnf-beta) in tiss ...	1999	9878011
puumala virus infections in finland: increased occupational risk for farmers.	puumala hantavirus, transmitted by bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), causes a mild-type hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the disease is common in finland and is considered an occupational hazard for farmers, but the actual risk has not been assessed by analytical studies. data on 5,132 serologically confirmed puumala virus infections during 1989-1994 were analyzed, and cases among farmers and the population living in similar conditions were compared. the farmers contracted the disease ...	1999	10369509
relationships of deer mouse movement, vegetative structure, and prevalence of infection with sin nombre virus.	the effects of vegetative structure on movement of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were examined in two distinct vegetation associations, one near hesperus and the other near molina in western colorado (usa) from june-october 1994 to october 1998. we monitored movement by live-trapping small mammals within gambel's oak/mixed-grass (hesperus) and sage brush/juniper (molina) vegetation types. vegetative structure differed between the sites with molina having more cover provided by shrubs and he ...	1999	10231758
emerging infectious diseases and pathogens.	emerging infectious diseases are caused by old, new, and mutant microorganisms. emergence of these pathogens can be attributed to changes in the characteristics and risk factors of patients, the widespread use of antibiotics, changes in the environment, the role of xenotransplantation, and international travel. in the united states, the incidences of c. difficile, cyclosporiasis, enterohemorrhagic e. coli gastroenteritis, hantavirus, hepatitis c virus infection, and lyme disease have increased s ...	1999	10318733
hantavirus infection--haemorrhagic fever in the balkans--potential nephrological hazards in the kosovo war.		1999	10462258
human memory cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to hantaan virus infection: identification of virus-specific and cross-reactive cd8(+) ctl epitopes on nucleocapsid protein.	hantaan virus, the prototypic member of the hantavirus genus, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. we examined the human memory t-lymphocyte responses of three donors who had previous laboratory-acquired infections with hantaan virus. we demonstrated virus-specific responses in bulk cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from all donors. bulk t-cell responses were directed against either hantaan virus nucleocapsid (n) or g1 protein, and these responses varied be ...	1999	10364276
hantavirus in the americas.		1999	10382376
nephropathia epidemica and puumala virus in austria.	to study the epidemiology of hantavirus infections in austria, 1215 humans and 596 rodents of different species were tested for the presence of antibodies against puumala and hantaan virus. direct virus identification by polymerase chain reaction in lung tissue of serologically positive rodents was performed to verify antibody results and to determine the genetic identity of viral rna by phylogenetic analysis of a part of the hantavirus m segment. for 32 of the 37 cases of nephropathia epidemica ...	1999	10482022
new chimaeric hepatitis b virus core particles carrying hantavirus (serotype puumala) epitopes: immunogenicity and protection against virus challenge.	virus-like particles generated by the heterologous expression of virus structural proteins are able to potentiate the immunogenicity of foreign epitopes presented on their surface. in recent years epitopes of various origin have been inserted into the core antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbv) allowing the formation of chimaeric hbv core particles. chimaeric core particles carrying the 45 n-terminal amino acids of the puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein induced protective immunity in bank voles ...	1999	10486924
[increased travelling--increased risk of imported viruses. a review of the diagnostic capacity of the swedish institute for infectious disease control].	the increase in global travel, especially by air, has facilitated the spread of infectious agents from one part of the world to another. returning travellers are often vectors for viral disease import to sweden. while dengue fever has been quite frequently diagnosed during the past five years, especially in travellers returning from thailand, only isolated cases of sandfly fever, japanese encephalitis and ross river fever have been seen. dobrava virus was recently shown to have caused a severe f ...	1999	10405531
long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern united states: a synthesis.	a series of intensive, longitudinal, mark-recapture studies of hantavirus infection dynamics in reservoir populations in the southwestern united states indicates consistent patterns as well as important differences among sites and host-virus associations. all studies found a higher prevalence of infection in older (particularly male) mice; one study associated wounds with seropositivity. these findings are consistent with horizontal transmission and transmission through fighting between adult ma ...	1999	10081681
short report: simultaneous occurrence of dobrava, puumala, and tula hantaviruses in slovakia.	the prevalence of antibody to hantaviruses in slovakia (serum panel n = 2,133) was lower in the western part (0.54%) and higher in the eastern part (1.91%) of the country and was found to be significantly enhanced in a group of forest workers from eastern slovakia (5.88%). one-third of the igm-negative convalescent phase sera from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome exhibited antibodies reacting predominantly with puumala virus antigen, while two-thirds had antibodies directed ma ...	1999	10497981
[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern chile].		1999	10436725
apoptosis is induced by hantaviruses in cultured cells.	hantaviruses replicate in primary and cultured animal cells with little or no cytopathic effect. we report here that the cultured vero e6 cells infected by the hantaan or by the prospect hill viruses exhibited characteristic features of apoptosis, including condensation and segmentation of nuclei and internucleosomal cleavage of nuclear dna. apoptosis was not seen in the cells adsorbed by uv-inactivated virus, indicating that the viral replication is required for the induction of apoptosis. furt ...	1999	10544134
hantavirus-specific igg, igm, and iga in acute and chronic renal disease versus congenital renal disease in the united states.	in a blinded fashion, 165 serum samples from patients with biopsy-characterized acute and chronic renal diseases (acrds), 34 serum samples from patients with congenital renal diseases (crds), and 100 serum samples from healthy adults were assayed for immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies to hantaan and puumala viruses by enzyme immunoassay (eia). twenty-six percent (44 of 165) of acrds, 3% (1 of 34) of crds, and none (0 of 100) of the healthy serum samples were positive for hantavirus- ...	1999	10196017
cellular entry of hantaviruses which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is mediated by beta3 integrins.	hantaviruses replicate primarily in the vascular endothelium and cause two human diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). in this report, we demonstrate that the cellular entry of hfrs-associated hantaviruses is facilitated by specific integrins expressed on platelets, endothelial cells, and macrophages. infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vero e6 cells by the hfrs-causing hantaviruses hantaan (htn), seoul (seo), and puum ...	1999	10196290
intramuscular inoculation of sin nombre hantavirus cdnas induces cellular and humoral immune responses in balb/c mice.	to examine whether genetic immunization with sin nombre (sn) hantavirus genes could elicit immune responses, nine fragments spanning the envelope glycoprotein genes g1 and g2, and the complete n gene were cloned into a cmv expression vector. to ensure representation of all potential epitopes, adjacent fragments of the glycoprotein genes overlapped one another by 100 nucleotides. vectors containing the gene fragments were inoculated intramuscularly into balb/c mice and splenocyte proliferation an ...	1999	10438054
low prevalence of antibodies against the zoonotic agents brucella abortus, leptospira spp., streptococcus suis serotype ii, hantavirus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus among veterinarians and pig farmers in the southern part of the netherlands.	serum samples from 102 veterinarians and 191 pig farmers from the southern part of the netherlands were investigated for antibodies against brucella abortus, leptospira spp, streptococcus suis serotype ii, hantavirus (hv), and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). all samples were collected in 1993 and stored until this study was performed. the prevalence of antibodies against b.abortus in veterinarians (4.5%) was significantly higher (p = 0.01) than in pig farmers (0%). none of the veterin ...	1999	10321013
epidemiological study of nephropathia epidemica in finland 1989-96.	this study presents data on 33,000 serum samples studied from july 1989 to june 1996 in finland, with 6,701 serologically confirmed puumala virus (puu) infections. in addition, a puu serosurvey of 8,000 sera from finland is presented. on average, 957 puu infections were detected annually, resulting in an incidence of 19/100,000; mortality was less than 0.1%. the infection was most common in the district of ita-savo with an incidence of 90/100,000. the seasonal peak was in november-december; howe ...	1999	10576121
genetic evidence of dobrava virus in apodemus agrarius in hungary.	using nested polymerase chain reaction, we sequenced dobrava virus (dob) from the rodent apodemus agrarius in hungary. the samples we isolated group with dob samples previously isolated from a. flavicollis. this grouping may indicate host switching.	1999	10341190
[new aspects of the pathogenesis of hantavirus infections. a systemic disease with general vascular changes].		1999	10354671
a new clethrionomys-derived hantavirus from germany: evidence for distinct genetic sublineages of puumala viruses in western europe.	puumala (puu) viruses are the predominant etiologic agents of hantavirus infections in europe. the most important reservoir is the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus (cg), belonging to the subfamily arvicolinae of the muridae family. here we report on the molecular characterization of the first rodent-derived sequence (puu/cg-erft) from germany. comparison of the s and m segment coding regions revealed 92.5 and 92.8% identity, respectively, with puu/h-9013, a human isolate from france. however, ...	1999	10475080
isolation and characterization of a hantavirus from lemmus sibiricus: evidence for host switch during hantavirus evolution.	a novel hantavirus, first detected in siberian lemmings (lemmus sibiricus) collected near the topografov river in the taymyr peninsula, siberia (a. plyusnin et al., lancet 347:1835-1836, 1996), was isolated in vero e6 cells and in laboratory-bred norwegian lemmings (lemmus lemmus). the virus, named topografov virus (top), was most closely related to khabarovsk virus (kbr) and puumala viruses (puu). in a cross focus reduction neutralization test, anti-top lemmus antisera showed titers at least fo ...	1999	10364307
long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern united states: rationale, potential, and methods.	hantaviruses are rodent-borne zoonotic agents that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in asia and europe and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in north and south america. the epidemiology of human diseases caused by these viruses is tied to the ecology of the rodent hosts, and effective control and prevention relies on a through understanding of host ecology. after the 1993 hps outbreak in the southwestern united states, the centers for disease control and prevention initiated long-te ...	1999	10081676
genetic diversity and distribution of peromyscus-borne hantaviruses in north america.	the 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the southwestern united states was associated with sin nombre virus, a rodent-borne hantavirus; the virus' primary reservoir is the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). hantavirus-infected rodents were identified in various regions of north america. an extensive nucleotide sequence database of an 139 bp fragment amplified from virus m genomic segments was generated. phylogenetic analysis confirmed that snv-like hantaviruses are widely d ...	1999	10081674
climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, four corners region, united states.	to investigate climatic, spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) cases in the four corners region, we collected exposure site data for hps cases that occurred in 1993 to 1995. cases clustered seasonally and temporally by biome type and geographic location, and exposure sites were most often found in pinyon-juniper woodlands, grasslands, and great basin desert scrub lands, at elevations of 1,800 m to 2,500 m. environmental factors (e.g., t ...	1999	10081675
hbv core particles allow the insertion and surface exposure of the entire potentially protective region of puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein.	core particles of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) potentiate the immune response against foreign epitopes presented on their surface. potential insertion sites in the monomeric subunit of the hbv core protein were previously identified at the n- and c-terminus and in the immunodominant c/e1 region. in a c-terminally truncated core protein these sites were used to introduce the entire 120 amino acid (aa)-long potentially immunoprotective region of the hantavirus (serotype puumala) nucleocapsid protei ...	1999	10223335
polymerase chain reaction detection of puumala virus rna in formaldehyde-fixed biopsy material.	infections with hantaviruses, mainly clethrionomys-derived puumala viruses, are known causes of acute renal failure [hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs)] in western europe. laboratory diagnosis is primarily based on serology. at the time of clinical symptoms, viral rna can hardly be detected in the blood or urine, indicating that polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is of little diagnostic value for these infections. biopsy material is usually formaldehyde-fixed and, thus, regarded as poor q ...	1999	10231472
emerging viral infections.		1999	10079847
[acute hantavirus infection caused by a genetically newly identified viral strain. severe and complicated course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (nephropathia epidemica)].	a 49-year-old patient, a hobby hunter, fell ill acutely with joint and limb pain, abdominal pain, nausea and subfebrile temperatures. at hospitalization, the patient was in bad general condition, showing ascites and lid edema, and acute renal failure was diagnosed.	1999	10081288
isolation and characterization of dobrava hantavirus carried by the striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius) in estonia.	dobrava hantavirus (dob) was isolated from the striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius) trapped on saaremaa island, estonia, and its genetic and antigenic characteristics were subsequently analysed. phylogenetic analysis showed that the estonian dob strain, together with several wild strains carried by apodemus agrarius, forms a well-supported lineage within the dob clade. the topography of the trees calculated for the s, m and l nucleotide sequences of the estonian dob suggests a similar evoluti ...	1999	10073697
a midcourse assessment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.		1999	10081689
navigational instinct: a reason not to live trap deer mice in residences.		1999	10081690
genetic diversities of hantaviruses among rodents in hokkaido, japan and far east russia.	seroepizootiologic surveys among wild rodents were carried out in japan and far east russia in 1995 and 1996. seropositive animals were only identified in clethrionomys rufocanus (23/134) in hokkaido, japan. on the other hand, seropositives were identified in c. rufocanus (1/8), apodemus agrarius (2/66), apodemus spp. (2/26) and microtus fortis (3/22) in vladivostok, far east russia. total rna was isolated from lungs of seropositive animals and the s genome segments were amplified by pcr, cloned ...	1999	10082393
[hantavirus infection].		1999	10088345
sin nombre virus pathogenesis in peromyscus maniculatus.	sin nombre virus (snv), a member of the hantavirus genus, causes acute viral pneumonia in humans and is thought to persistently infect mice. the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, has been identified as the primary reservoir host for snv. to understand snv infection of p. maniculatus, we examined wild deer mice for localization of viral antigens and nucleic acid. morphologic examination consistently revealed septal edema within lung tissue and mononuclear cell infiltrates in portal areas of the ...	1999	9847363
update on emerging infections from the centers for disease control and prevention. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--colorado and new mexico, 1998.		1999	9867901
spectrum of hantavirus infection: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	hantaviruses chronically infect rodents without apparent disease, but when they are spread by aerosolized excreta to humans, two major clinical syndromes result: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). both diseases appear to be immunopathologic, and inflammatory mediators are important in causing the clinical manifestations. in hps, t cells act on heavily infected pulmonary endothelium, and it is suspected that gamma interferon and tumor necrosis fa ...	1999	10073292
a longitudinal study of sin nombre virus prevalence in rodents, southeastern arizona.	we determined the prevalence of sin nombre virus antibodies in small mammals in southeastern arizona. of 1,234 rodents (from 13 species) captured each month from may through december 1995, only mice in the genus peromyscus were seropositive. antibody prevalence was 14.3% in 21 white-footed mice (p. leucopus), 13.3% in 98 brush mice (p. boylii), 0.8% in 118 cactus mice (p. eremicus), and 0% in 2 deer mice (p. maniculatus). most antibody-positive mice were adult male peromyscus captured close to o ...	1999	10081678
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	we present the first case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the dallas/fort worth area. the patient was a 50-year-old previously healthy white man, who had adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and hypotensive shock after 1 week of nonspecific "viral" symptoms. despite supportive care, the patient died within several hours of presentation. this case illustrates several of the classic hallmarks of hantavirus infection such as hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, ards, and shock.	1999	10071675
dna vaccination with hantavirus m segment elicits neutralizing antibodies and protects against seoul virus infection.	seoul virus (seov) is one of four known hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). candidate naked dna vaccines for hfrs were constructed by subcloning cdna representing the medium (m; encoding the g1 and g2 glycoproteins) or small (s; encoding the nucleocapsid protein) genome segment of seov into the dna expression vector pwrg7077. we vaccinated balb/c mice with three doses of the m or s dna vaccine at 4-week intervals by either gene gun inoculation of the epidermis or n ...	1999	10069952
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: an alert to latin american countries.	approximately 400 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) have been reported on the north american continent since the first epidemic in 1993, in new mexico, usa. in brazil, 12 cases were confirmed before 1998. infection results from inhalation of rodent blood, saliva or waste. clinical findings of the disease are characterized by a nonspecific febrile illness, followed by rapid progression to pulmonary edema which may lead to a shock-like state or renal failure. mortality is high and emerg ...	1999	11084670
[an epidemiological analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome morbidity in the republic of bashkortostan in 1997].	the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the republic of bashkortostan, resulting in 10,057 registered cases of the disease (287 cases per 100,000 of the population), was analyzed. hfrs cases among the population were registered in 52 out of 54 regions of bashkortostan. 31% of the total number of patients were the inhabitants of rural regions (170 cases per 100,000) and 69% were urban dwellers (295 cases per 100,000), mainly in ufa (512 cases per 100,000). hfrs morbidity a ...	1999	10876849
[hantavirus in chile: review and cases analysis since 1975].	since the identification of the first case of hantavirus infection in chile in 1995, a great advance in the knowledge of the disease natural history has occurred. there is evidence to suppose that the infection by andes virus in suburban areas of argentina and chile, whose natural reservoir is oligoryzomys longicaudatus, has been present but unidentified for a long time. we describe a serologically proven case occurred in 1975. the clinical presentation of the disease slightly differs from that ...	1999	10835761