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development of humoral cross-reactivity to the nucleocapsid protein of heterologous hantaviruses in nephropathia epidemica.a hantavirus infection is followed by a prominent antibody response to the viral nucleocapsid protein. antibodies from patients infected with one hantavirus cross-react to varying degrees with the nucleocapsid protein of other viruses of the genus. we studied the cross-reactivity in serially obtained blood samples from 17 patients with nephropathia epidemica, a european form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala virus. recombinant truncated nucleocapsid protein (aa 1-117) of ...19989879922
[hantaviruses--a global problem]. 19989885644
[diseases caused by hantaviruses].hantaviruses are rna viruses that belong to the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae. the main reservoir of hantaviruses are rodents. humans become infected by inhaling particles of dust contaminated with faeces of rodents, that are found in europe and asia hantaviruses named: hantaan, seoul and dobrava-belgrade causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) are prevalent. typical clinical picture of hfrs consists of renal insufficiency (primarily anuria and then polyuria with disturbanc ...19989919918
assessment of person-to-person transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a chilean hospital setting.person-to-person transmission of andes hantavirus among healthcare workers was reported in argentina for the first time in 1996. to determine whether such transmission of the virus occurred during a 1997 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in southern chile due to andes virus, we conducted a serological and epidemiological study in the coyhaique regional hospital, where the majority of hps patients were admitted. workers in every department of the hospital were evaluated for immunogl ...19989868619
the muskrat (ondatra zibethicus) as a new reservoir for puumala-like hantavirus strains in europe.we have used an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) to screen the sera and tissues of muskrats (ondatra zibethica) caught in the northwest of brandenburg and in the northeast of saxony-anhalt, germany, for hantavirus infection. kidney and/or lung tissue from 6 (3.1%, ci = 1.1-6.5%) out of 197 muskrats were found to be positive for genomic sequences of hantavirus by rt-pcr. we could also demonstrate that 14 (5%, ci = 2.9-8.7%) out of 266 muskrat's sera av ...19989870582
maternal transfer of hantavirus antibodies in rats. 199810090051
[hantavirus and pulmonary pathology].the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome recognized in the united states in 1993 quickly brought the formerly little known virus into the limelight. contrary to what has been written almost everywhere, this is not a "new" virus causing new "emerging" disease. hantaviruses have been harbored in their natural hosts, three subfamilies of murine rodents, for millions of years. the phylogenetic classifications of these viruses follows that of their hosts, proving close adaptation and contradicting short-ter ...199810100354
were hantaviruses eventually responsible for the lost anasazi culture? 199810358738
new world hantaviruses.since the initial description in 1993 of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and its novel aetiological agent, sin nombre virus, our knowledge of the epidemiology of new world hantaviruses has continued to evolve. after the identifying outbreak in the southwestern us, four hantaviruses have been identified in north america with specific rodent hosts and associated with a number of sporadic cases. this stability of case recognition in north america is in contrast to the multiple outbreaks and endemic c ...199810326292
pathogenesis of puumala and other hantavirus infections.hantaviruses are rodent/insectivore-borne negative-stranded rna viruses which belong to the bunyaviridae family. they do not cause any symptomatic disease in their adult carrier rodents, but in humans they are aetiologic agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), both associated with a significant mortality. in cell culture hantaviruses do not cause cytopathic effects and the mechanisms of disease in man are not well understood. increased cap ...199810398496
genetic analysis of the diversity and origin of hantaviruses in peromyscus leucopus mice in north america.nucleotide sequences were determined for the complete m genome segments of two distinct hantavirus genetic lineages which were detected in hantavirus antibody- and pcr-positive white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) from indiana and oklahoma. phylogenetic analyses indicated that although divergent from each other, the virus lineages in indiana and oklahoma were monophyletic and formed a newly identified unique ancestral branch within the clade of sin nombre-like viruses found in peromyscus mice ...19989420200
severe thrombocytopenia and response to corticosteroids in a case of nephropathia epidemica.nine days after working in the woods, a previously healthy 32-year-old man fell seriously ill. his symptoms included high fever, chills, diffuse myalgia, severe headache, and back pain. on the fifth day of onset of symptoms, blood tests showed creatinine levels of 5.4 mg/dl accompanied by marked proteinuria. after admission to the hospital, a diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica (ne) caused by puumala virus was made using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the patient graduall ...19989428461
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a chilean patient with recent travel in bolivia.a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was serologically confirmed in a critically ill patient in santiago, chile. the patient's clinical course had many similarities to that of other hps patients in north and south america but was complicated by acute severe renal failure. the patient's history included self-reported urban and probable rural rodent exposure during travel in bolivia. comparison of a viral sequence from an acute-phase serum sample with other known hantaviruses showed that ...19989452401
bayou virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in eastern texas: identification of the rice rat, oryzomys palustris, as reservoir host.we describe the third known case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) due to bayou virus, from jefferson county, texas. by using molecular epidemiologic methods, we show that rice rats (oryzomys palustris) are frequently infected with bayou virus and that viral rna sequences from hps patients are similar to those from nearby rice rats. bayou virus is associated with o. palustris; this rodent appears to be its predominant reservoir host.19989452404
hantavirus infection in children in argentina.clinical hantavirus infection was diagnosed in five argentine children ages 5 to 11 years by immunoglobulin m (igm)- capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sin nombre virus (snv) antigens. death in three of the children was associated with absence of detectable igg to snv antigens. an additional two cases in healthy children were studied: one, a breast-fed 15-month-old whose mother died of suspected hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) 8 months previously, had hantavirus igg (> 1:6400); ...19989454562
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome outbreak in argentina: molecular evidence for person-to-person transmission of andes virus.an increase of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) cases around a southwestern argentina town and in persons living 1400 km away but in contact with those cases was detected during the spring of 1996. in order to evaluate person-to-person transmission we compared the homology of pcr-amplified viral sequences of 26 argentine and chilean cases. sixteen of them were epidemiologically linked cases and had the same sequence (epilink/96) in the s segment 3' noncoding region and in the m segment partia ...19989499807
genetic reassortment among viruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.in order to determine the frequency and characteristics of reassortment among viruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), mixed infections were initiated in tissue culture by using two closely related strains of sin nombre virus, cc107 (from eastern california) and nmr11 (from new mexico), which share the same species of rodent host in nature, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). potential reassortant virus plaques were screened by multiplex rt-pcr, using primers specific for indivi ...19989501041
urine-associated horizontal transmission of seoul virus among rats.to understand the mode of transmission of seoul type hantavirus in wistar rats, we examined the shedding of the virus and antibody production in infected rats. when 1-day-old rats were inoculated with the ki-83-262 strain of seoul virus, s segment of the viral genome was detected in lungs, clots, urine, saliva, submaxillary glands, rectums, and kidneys by nested reverse transcriptase pcr. on the other hand, when 8-week-old rats were infected with the virus, viral genome was detected only in the ...19989505963
a miniature analytical instrument for nucleic acids based on micromachined silicon reaction chambers.in this paper, we describe a miniature analytical thermal cycling instrument (matci) to amplify and detect dna via the polymerase chain reaction in real-time. the matci is an integrated, miniaturized analytical system that uses silicon-based, high-efficiency reaction chambers with integrated heaters and simple, inexpensive electronics to precisely control the reaction temperatures. optical windows in the silicon and solid-state, diode-based detection components are employed to perform real-time ...19989511467
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: implications for critical care nurses. 19989515465
association of hla b27 with benign clinical course of nephropathia epidemica caused by puumala hantavirus.both the severe course of nephropathia epidemica (ne) caused by puumala hantavirus, and the fast progression of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, are associated with the hla b8 drb1*0301 haplotype. as hla b27, on the contrary, is associated with the slow progression of hiv disease, we wanted to test whether the same is true for ne. only six (8%) ne patients, half the figure expected, had the hla b27 allele in 74 randomly selected hospital-treated patients. all six had a benign overall ...19989519867
hantavirus infection. 19989520902
role of actin microfilaments in black creek canal virus morphogenesis.we have investigated the involvement of cytoskeletal proteins in the morphogenesis of black creek canal virus (bccv), a new world hantavirus. immunofluorescent staining of bccv-infected cells revealed a filamentous pattern of virus antigen, the appearance of which was sensitive to treatment with cytochalasin d, an actin microfilament-depolymerizing drug. double immunofluorescence staining of bccv-infected vero cells with anti-bccv nucleocapsid (n) monoclonal antibody and phalloidin revealed a co ...19989525606
surveillance of anti-hantavirus antibodies among certain high-risk groups in taiwan.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a serious health concern in neighboring countries of taiwan, such as mainland china and korea. in taiwan, only two suspected cases were recorded before 1994. the first confirmed case was reported in 1995, but this proved to be imported. to study hantavirus infection in taiwan, we tested blood collected from garbage collectors, animal handlers, patients with febrile illness of unknown origin, and field rats, the host of hantavirus, for the presence of anti ...19989481070
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 19989493883
viral hemorrhagic fevers and hantavirus infections in the americas.several arenaviruses and hantaviruses have been isolated in the americas during the last 4 decades. these are rodent-borne viruses responsible for the south american hemorrhagic fevers (sahf) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). although rare, sahf and hps are serious illnesses with high mortality rates. most viral isolates found in the americas represent new world lineages of their respective viral families. their presence in the western hemisphere is likely ancient, their relationship with ...19989494832
emerging infectious diseases and travel medicine.international movement of individuals, populations, and products is one of the major factors associated with the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases as the pace of global travel and commerce increases rapidly. travel can be associated with disease emergence because (1) the disease arises in an area of heavy tourism, (2) tourists may be at heightened risk because of their activities, or (3) because they can act as vectors to transport the agent to new areas. examples of recently reco ...19989494841
severe hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: a new indication for extracorporeal life support? 19989468156
successful treatment of adults with severe hantavirus pulmonary syndrome with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.to describe our experience with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) as a rescue therapy in adult patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure from hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.19989468181
small mammal survival and trapability in mark-recapture monitoring programs for hantavirus.following the 1993 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) epidemic in the south-western united states, mammalogists and epidemiologists instituted long-term studies to monitor population density and prevalence of infection in rodents which constitute the reservoir for sin nombre virus (snv). in this study, field techniques used in sampling small mammals for snv infection were evaluated to determine if trapping and handling protocols were having significant effects on future trapability or mortality ...19989476220
adjuvant activity of muramyl dipeptide derivatives to enhance immunogenicity of a hantavirus-inactivated vaccine.the adjuvant effect of two lipophilic derivatives of muramyl dipeptide (mdp), b30-mdp and mdp-lys(l18), on the ability of an inactivated vaccine of b-1 virus (b-1 vaccine) to induce immune response against hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) was examined. when mice were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) twice at 2-week intervals with b-1 vaccine admixed with or without 100 micrograms mouse-1 of b30-mdp (b-1/b30-mdp) or mdp-lys(l18) [b-1/mdp-lys(l18)], mice immunized wit ...19989607033
chimaeric hbv core particles carrying a defined segment of puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein evoke protective immunity in an animal model.hantaviruses are rodent-born agents which are pathogenic in humans causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. to induce a protective immunity against a european hantavirus (puumala) we constructed chimaeric hepatitis b virus (hbv) core particles carrying defined fragments of the puumala virus nucleocapsid protein. after immunisation of bank voles, the natural host of puumala virus, with core particles possessing an insertion of the n-terminal part of puumala ...19989607042
tissue distribution of hantavirus antigen in naturally infected humans and deer mice.the sin nombre virus (snv) is the etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in humans but does not cause disease in chronically infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), the natural host. in this study, murine antiserum raised against recombinant snv nucleocapsid protein was utilized to localize viral antigen immunohistochemically in tissues from both humans (n = 20; 11 positive, 9 negative) and deer mice (n = 6; 4 positive, 2 negative). viral infection status was confirmed by western ...19989607851
haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala virus: evaluation of the risk for cataract formation. 19989614533
glomerular basement membrane antibodies in hantavirus disease: any pathogenetic implication? 19989617503
beta3 integrins mediate the cellular entry of hantaviruses that cause respiratory failure.newly emerged hantaviruses replicate primarily in the pulmonary endothelium, cause acute platelet loss, and result in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). we now report that specific integrins expressed on platelets and endothelial cells permit the cellular entry of hps-associated hantaviruses. infection with hps-associated hantaviruses, ny-1 and sin nombre virus (snv), is inhibited by antibodies to beta3 integrins and by the beta3-integrin ligand, vitronectin. in contrast, infection with the no ...19989618541
prevalence of antibodies specific to puumala virus among farmers in sweden.the puumala virus is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, a european form of hemorrhagic fever with a renal syndrome. from its reservoir in bank voles, the virus is spread by airborne transmission to humans. occupational risks for the acquisition of nephropathia epidemica are not well defined. the prevalence of serum antibodies to puumala virus was determined for swedish farmers. from a comparison of the prevalence among farmers from various parts of the country, the assumption that pu ...19989630057
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--colorado and new mexico, 1998.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe cardiopulmonary illness resulting in death in approximately 45% of cases. the most frequently recognized etiologic agent of hps in north america, sin nombre virus (snv), is transmitted to humans from its primary rodent reservoir, peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), by direct contact with infected rodents, rodent droppings, or nests or through inhalation of aerosolized virus particles from mouse urine and feces. sporadic cases occur throughout the ...19989639364
neuropsychological impairments following hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.recently an outbreak of acute respiratory infection associated with the hantavirus occurred in the southwestern united states. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a life threatening illness that carries with it a high mortality rate. patients with hps experience prolonged periods of hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation and treatment in intensive care units. we have recently seen 2 survivors of hps. a neuropsychological test battery was administered immediately following their acute hosp ...19989529829
serologic survey for hantavirus infection in domestic animals and coyotes from new mexico and northeastern arizona.to determine whether animals had serologic evidence of infection with sin nombre virus (snv).19989540866
urine-associated horizontal transmission of seoul virus among rats.to understand the mode of transmission of seoul type hantavirus in wistar rats, we examined the shedding of the virus and antibody production in infected rats. when 1-day-old rats were inoculated with ki-83-262 strain of seoul virus, the s segment of the viral genome was detected in lungs, clots, urine, saliva, submaxillary glands, rectums, and kidneys by nested reverse transcriptase pcr. on the other hand, when 8-week-old rats were infected with the virus, viral genome was detected only in the ...19989541619
of mice and mostly men--hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 19989559018
human recombinant puumala virus antibodies: cross-reaction with other hantaviruses and use in diagnostics.a panel of seven human monoclonal fabs against puumala virus (puu) nucleocapsid protein (n) was obtained by panning an antibody phage-display library prepared from the spleen of a puu-immune individual. three antibodies reacted in immunoblotting and cross-reacted strongly with tula and sin nombre virus recombinant n proteins. these antibodies mapped to the amino terminus of the n protein. one puu glycoprotein 2 (g2)-specific fab obtained against a novel epitope (g2c) cross-reacted with khabarovs ...19989568958
central nervous system and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (european type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome).central nervous system (cns) - related symptoms occur in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). to study the cns and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (ne), the european type of hfrs, we included 26 patients in a prospective study. most common cns-related symptoms were headache (96%), insomnia (83%), vertigo (79%), nausea (79%), and vomiting (71%). ophthalmic symptoms were reported by 82% of patients; 41% had photophobia and 50% had impaired vision. a transient loss of vis ...19989570645
a survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected united states national parks.hantavirus activity in 39 national parks in the eastern and central united states was surveyed by testing 1,815 small mammals of 38 species for antibody reactive to sin nombre virus. antibody-positive rodents were found throughout the area sampled, and in most biotic communities. antibody was detected in 7% of 647 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), 2% of 590 white-footed mice (p. leucopus), 17% of 12 rice rats (oryzomys palustris), 3% of 31 cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus), and 33% of 18 western ...19989574803
hantavirus infection: a possible cause of delayed sensorineural hearing loss. 19989591876
update: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--united states, 1999.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a rodentborne viral disease characterized by severe pulmonary illness and a case-fatality ratio of 43%. sin nombre virus is the primary hantavirus that causes hps in the united states, and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is its predominant carrier. cdc-sponsored studies of rodent populations since 1994 have yielded data that suggest an increased risk for infection for humans in some areas of the southwestern united states during the summer of 1999. ...199910401910
[increased travelling--increased risk of imported viruses. a review of the diagnostic capacity of the swedish institute for infectious disease control].the increase in global travel, especially by air, has facilitated the spread of infectious agents from one part of the world to another. returning travellers are often vectors for viral disease import to sweden. while dengue fever has been quite frequently diagnosed during the past five years, especially in travellers returning from thailand, only isolated cases of sandfly fever, japanese encephalitis and ross river fever have been seen. dobrava virus was recently shown to have caused a severe f ...199910405531
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in guariba, sp, brazil. report of 2 cases.human infections caused by a hantavirus were reported in different regions of the state of são paulo (sp), brazil during the first six months of 1998. two cases of fatal pulmonary syndrome occurred in may of 1998 in the city of guariba, located in the northeastern region of sp. both patients worked in a corn storage barn infested by rodents. these patients, after 2 or 3 days of non-specific febrile illness, developed a severe interstitial pneumonia spreading widely in both lungs, causing respira ...199910413962
antibody responses in humans to an inactivated hantavirus vaccine (hantavax).hantaviruses cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and result in severe human morbidity and mortality. safe and effective vaccines are needed urgently in order to reduce the incidence of human illness. hitherto studies of hantavirus vaccine efficiency have been limited to individuals at low risk of infection. in this study the immune response to an inactivated hantavirus vaccine was measured in 64 human volunteers at high risk of infection by virtue of residence and occupation. 30 ...199910418904
isolation and genetic characterization of a hantavirus (bunyaviridae: hantavirus) from a rodent, oligoryzomys microtis (muridae), collected in northeastern peru.this paper describes the isolation and partial genetic characterization of a hantavirus from a pygmy rice rat, oligoryzomys microtis, collected within the urban area of iquitos, loreto department, peru. the virus, designated htn-007, exhibited the highest degree of genetic similarity to rio mamore virus, which was originally described from the same rodent species in eastern bolivia. comparison of small and medium segment nucleotide sequence data from htn-007 and rio mamore virus revealed 87% and ...199910432063
[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern chile]. 199910436725
intramuscular inoculation of sin nombre hantavirus cdnas induces cellular and humoral immune responses in balb/c mice.to examine whether genetic immunization with sin nombre (sn) hantavirus genes could elicit immune responses, nine fragments spanning the envelope glycoprotein genes g1 and g2, and the complete n gene were cloned into a cmv expression vector. to ensure representation of all potential epitopes, adjacent fragments of the glycoprotein genes overlapped one another by 100 nucleotides. vectors containing the gene fragments were inoculated intramuscularly into balb/c mice and splenocyte proliferation an ...199910438054
a major outbreak of hantavirus infection in belgium in 1995 and 1996.haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a human disease characterized by flu-like symptoms, renal dysfunction, and in severe cases, haemorrhagic manifestations. the causative agents of hfrs are hantaan (htn), seoul (seo), puumala (puu) and dobrava (dob) hantaviruses. hantavirus infections are of increasing importance in europe. outbreaks occur in belgium with a 3- to 4-year interval with an increasing number of cases. we describe the largest outbreak so far in belgium with 217 serologic ...199910459649
hantavirus infection--haemorrhagic fever in the balkans--potential nephrological hazards in the kosovo war. 199910462258
dobrava virus infection: serological diagnosis and cross-reactions to other hantaviruses.recent data have shown that dobrava (dob) hantavirus is the cause of severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in central and eastern europe. to determine whether serological assays need to be based on the homologous viral antigen rather than on closely related hantavirus antigens, acute and convalescent sera from patients with hfrs collected in former yugoslavia were examined for igm and igg to three hantavirus antigens; dob, hantaan (htn) and puumala (puu). focus reduction neutraliz ...199910471023
a new clethrionomys-derived hantavirus from germany: evidence for distinct genetic sublineages of puumala viruses in western europe.puumala (puu) viruses are the predominant etiologic agents of hantavirus infections in europe. the most important reservoir is the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus (cg), belonging to the subfamily arvicolinae of the muridae family. here we report on the molecular characterization of the first rodent-derived sequence (puu/cg-erft) from germany. comparison of the s and m segment coding regions revealed 92.5 and 92.8% identity, respectively, with puu/h-9013, a human isolate from france. however, ...199910475080
nephropathia epidemica and puumala virus in austria.to study the epidemiology of hantavirus infections in austria, 1215 humans and 596 rodents of different species were tested for the presence of antibodies against puumala and hantaan virus. direct virus identification by polymerase chain reaction in lung tissue of serologically positive rodents was performed to verify antibody results and to determine the genetic identity of viral rna by phylogenetic analysis of a part of the hantavirus m segment. for 32 of the 37 cases of nephropathia epidemica ...199910482022
new chimaeric hepatitis b virus core particles carrying hantavirus (serotype puumala) epitopes: immunogenicity and protection against virus challenge.virus-like particles generated by the heterologous expression of virus structural proteins are able to potentiate the immunogenicity of foreign epitopes presented on their surface. in recent years epitopes of various origin have been inserted into the core antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbv) allowing the formation of chimaeric hbv core particles. chimaeric core particles carrying the 45 n-terminal amino acids of the puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein induced protective immunity in bank voles ...199910486924
low ph-induced cytopathic effect--a survey of seven hantavirus strains.hantaviruses do not produce cytopathic effects (cpe) in cell culture. however, a syncytial cpe can be induced in 7-day cultures of hantavirus growing in vero e6 cells by reduction of the ph to approximately 6.2 using a hepes based buffer. the appearance of this acid induced cpe was examined for seven different hantavirus strains. the differences noted were striking and reflected the taxonomic differences between hantaviruses. at 10-100 tcid50% the size of syncytial foci was very large for seoul ...199910488778
acute polyarthritis associated with hantavirus infection. 199910489233
short report: simultaneous occurrence of dobrava, puumala, and tula hantaviruses in slovakia.the prevalence of antibody to hantaviruses in slovakia (serum panel n = 2,133) was lower in the western part (0.54%) and higher in the eastern part (1.91%) of the country and was found to be significantly enhanced in a group of forest workers from eastern slovakia (5.88%). one-third of the igm-negative convalescent phase sera from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome exhibited antibodies reacting predominantly with puumala virus antigen, while two-thirds had antibodies directed ma ...199910497981
[functional activity of hemagglutinins from hantaan viruses strains and use of hemagglutinating antigens for serodiagnosis hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome].hemagglutinins of hantaan virus strains isolated in southern far east of russia from patients with hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome and from rodents, natural vectors of the virus, were studied in the cross kinetic hemagglutination inhibition test with immune sera to the studied strains. the strains differed by the functional activity index. use of hemagglutinins of functionally active hantaan strains in serologic studies notably improves the diagnostic efficacy of the hemagglutination t ...199910500991
analysis of puumala hantavirus genome in patients with nephropathia epidemica and rodent carriers from the sites of infection.reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by sequence and phylogenetic analyses were used to study specimens from nine finnish nephropathia epidemica (ne) patients admitted to hospital during the epidemic in winter 1996-1997. blood samples from six patients were found to be positive for the partial m- and/or s-segment sequences of puumala hantavirus (puuv). analyses of these sequences (nt 2168-2610 for the m segment, and nt 819-1082 for the s segment) revealed six distinc ...199910502274
phage-displayed peptides mimicking the discontinuous neutralization sites of puumala hantavirus envelope glycoproteins.we selected peptide ligands mimicking the surface structure of discontinuous binding sites of puumala hantavirus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from a random 18-amino acid peptide library containing a disulfide bridge in a fixed position and displayed on a filamentous phage. the varying of selection conditions, either by shortening of the association time or by competitive elution with antigen, was crucial for the selection of peptide inserts that could be aligned with the primary sequences ...199910502511
update: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--united states, 1999. 199910510528
acute sin nombre hantavirus infection without pulmonary syndrome, united states.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) occurs in most infections with sin nombre virus and other north american hantaviruses. we report five cases of acute hantavirus infection that did not fit the hps case definition. the patients had characteristic prodromal symptoms without severe pulmonary involvement. these cases suggest that surveillance for hps may need to be expanded.199910511527
temporal and spatial analysis of sin nombre virus quasispecies in naturally infected rodents.sin nombre virus (snv) is thought to establish a persistent infection in its natural reservoir, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), despite a strong host immune response. snv-specific neutralizing antibodies were routinely detected in deer mice which maintained virus rna in the blood and lungs. to determine whether viral diversity played a role in snv persistence and immune escape in deer mice, we measured the prevalence of virus quasispecies in infected rodents over time in a natural setti ...199910516063
acute infection with sin nombre hantavirus without pulmonary edema.acute infection with sin nombre virus has been associated with development of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps), a severe cardiopulmonary illness with respiratory failure and shock. we present two cases of sin nombre hantavirus infections that did not lead to marked pulmonary complications in two otherwise healthy young adults from utah and california. sin nombre virus causes a wider spectrum of disease severity than has been previously reported.199910530462
genetic investigation of novel hantaviruses causing fatal hps in brazil.although hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was discovered in north america in 1993, more recent investigations have shown that the disease is a much larger problem in south america, where a greater number of cases and hps-associated viruses have now been detected. here we describe the genetic investigation of three fatal hps cases from brazil, including a 1995 case in castelo dos sonhos (cas) in the state of mato grosso and two 1996 cases in the counties of araraquara (ara) and franca (fra), i ...199910534737
n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac)-specific lectins mediate enhancement of hantaan virus infection.summary. n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac)-specific lectins, dolichos biflorus agglutinin (dba), and soybean agglutinin (sba), enhanced hantaan (htn) virus infections in vero e6 and p388d1 cells. treatment of vero e6 cells with the lectins either before or during, but not after, virus inoculation resulted in lectin-mediated enhancement of infection (lme), indicating that galnac-specific lectin affects an early stage of the infection. lectin blot and facs analysis showed that the ability of htn viru ...199910542025
comparison of the protective efficacy of naked dna, dna-based sindbis replicon, and packaged sindbis replicon vectors expressing hantavirus structural genes in hamsters.seoul virus (seov) is a member of the hantavirus genus (family bunyaviridae) and an etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the medium (m) and small (s) gene segments of seov encode the viral envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid protein, respectively. we compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of naked dna (pwrg7077), dna-based sindbis replicon (psin2.5), and packaged sindbis replicon vectors (psinrep5), containing either the m or s gene segment of seov in syri ...199910544095
apoptosis is induced by hantaviruses in cultured cells.hantaviruses replicate in primary and cultured animal cells with little or no cytopathic effect. we report here that the cultured vero e6 cells infected by the hantaan or by the prospect hill viruses exhibited characteristic features of apoptosis, including condensation and segmentation of nuclei and internucleosomal cleavage of nuclear dna. apoptosis was not seen in the cells adsorbed by uv-inactivated virus, indicating that the viral replication is required for the induction of apoptosis. furt ...199910544134
[circulation of seoul hantavirus in populations of synanthropic rodents and its significance in the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the primorye territory].the prevalence of seoul virus in the primorie territory is presented and its significance in the morbidity structure with regard to hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (hlps) is discussed. epidemiological and clinical manifestations of hlps caused by seoul virus are described. the authors conclude that in the urban foci of hlps it is associated mainly with seoul virus, while in the rural foci, with hantaan virus.199910544448
high levels of viremia in patients with the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a rare but acute fulminant disease caused by sin nombre virus (snv). to understand the role of the viral load in the pathogenesis of hps, the load of virus in the blood of patients with hps was measured. a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for snv, because snv is difficult to grow in cell culture. thirty-eight samples from 26 patients with hps were analyzed. twenty of the 26 initial samples were positive for vi ...199910558964
characterization of the hantaan nucleocapsid protein-ribonucleic acid interaction.the nucleocapsid (n) protein functions in hantavirus replication through its interactions with the viral genomic and antigenomic rnas. to address the biological functions of the n protein, it was critical to first define this binding interaction. the dissociation constant, k(d), for the interaction of the hantaan virus (htnv) n protein and its genomic s segment (vrna) was measured under several solution conditions. overall, increasing the nacl and mg(2+) in these binding reactions had little imp ...199910559265
hantavirus nephropathy in a child. 199910328509
chronic renal dysfunction after hantavirus infection. 199910328510
genetic evidence of dobrava virus in apodemus agrarius in hungary.using nested polymerase chain reaction, we sequenced dobrava virus (dob) from the rodent apodemus agrarius in hungary. the samples we isolated group with dob samples previously isolated from a. flavicollis. this grouping may indicate host switching.199910341190
[new aspects of the pathogenesis of hantavirus infections. a systemic disease with general vascular changes]. 199910354671
epidemiological study of nephropathia epidemica in finland 1989-96.this study presents data on 33,000 serum samples studied from july 1989 to june 1996 in finland, with 6,701 serologically confirmed puumala virus (puu) infections. in addition, a puu serosurvey of 8,000 sera from finland is presented. on average, 957 puu infections were detected annually, resulting in an incidence of 19/100,000; mortality was less than 0.1%. the infection was most common in the district of ita-savo with an incidence of 90/100,000. the seasonal peak was in november-december; howe ...199910576121
hantavirus infections: epidemiology and pathogenesis.hantaviruses are enveloped rna viruses that persistently infect rodent hosts without ill-effect. the host persistently excretes virus in urine and saliva. man becomes infected from the rodents when one enters the ecological niche of the other. there are two major clinical presentations--haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, found worldwide in various forms and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, found only in the americas. this review examines the virology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of these em ...199910580279
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in pregnancy.this comprehensive case review of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) during pregnancy in 5 women characterizes the effect of sin nombre virus infection on maternal and fetal outcomes. histopathologic, serological, and clinical information were evaluated for evidence of vertical transmission. maternal ages ranged from 20 to 34 years and gestational ages from 13 to 29 weeks. symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory values other than those related to pregnancy were not noticeably different from ...199910585809
absence of infection in a neonate after possible exposure to sin nombre hantavirus in breast milk. 199910585821
absence of interhuman transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in minas gerais, brazil: evidence from a serological survey. 199910585829
human memory cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to hantaan virus infection: identification of virus-specific and cross-reactive cd8(+) ctl epitopes on nucleocapsid protein.hantaan virus, the prototypic member of the hantavirus genus, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. we examined the human memory t-lymphocyte responses of three donors who had previous laboratory-acquired infections with hantaan virus. we demonstrated virus-specific responses in bulk cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from all donors. bulk t-cell responses were directed against either hantaan virus nucleocapsid (n) or g1 protein, and these responses varied be ...199910364276
isolation and characterization of a hantavirus from lemmus sibiricus: evidence for host switch during hantavirus evolution.a novel hantavirus, first detected in siberian lemmings (lemmus sibiricus) collected near the topografov river in the taymyr peninsula, siberia (a. plyusnin et al., lancet 347:1835-1836, 1996), was isolated in vero e6 cells and in laboratory-bred norwegian lemmings (lemmus lemmus). the virus, named topografov virus (top), was most closely related to khabarovsk virus (kbr) and puumala viruses (puu). in a cross focus reduction neutralization test, anti-top lemmus antisera showed titers at least fo ...199910364307
puumala virus infections in finland: increased occupational risk for farmers.puumala hantavirus, transmitted by bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), causes a mild-type hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the disease is common in finland and is considered an occupational hazard for farmers, but the actual risk has not been assessed by analytical studies. data on 5,132 serologically confirmed puumala virus infections during 1989-1994 were analyzed, and cases among farmers and the population living in similar conditions were compared. the farmers contracted the disease ...199910369509
[an outdoor person with high fever and flank pain]. 199910380593
risk factors for human hantavirus infection: franco-belgian collaborative case-control study during 1995-6 epidemic. 199910381709
rodent control may help prevent human hantavirus infection 199910381750
hantavirus in the americas. 199910382376
hantaviruses: an overview and radiographic correlation.this article describes hantaviruses and the infections they cause. routes of transmission, disease phases and radiographic manifestations are discussed, along with recommendations for prevention and the radiologic technologist's role in prompt diagnosis.199910101753
high levels of cytokine-producing cells in the lung tissues of patients with fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is characterized by the rapid onset of pulmonary edema and a high case-fatality rate. hantavirus antigens have been demonstrated in pulmonary capillary endothelial cells, but the mechanisms causing capillary leakage remain unclear. immunohistochemical staining was used to enumerate cytokine-producing cells (monokines: interleukin [il]-1alpha, il-1beta, il-6, and tumor necrosis factor [tnf]-alpha; lymphokines: interferon-gamma, il-2, il-4, and tnf-beta) in tiss ...19999878011
["emerging" viral zoonoses in native animals who can be the host in the netherlands].viral zoonotic diseases can be defined as 'viral diseases transmitted from vertebrate animals to man'. viral zoonoses have been emerging and re-emerging throughout history and can cause serious diseases and disease outbreaks in human populations. this paper deals with emerging viral zoonotic infections that have hosts in native species and can be a hazard for the human population in the netherlands. rabies virus, hantavirus, influenza virus tick-borne encephalitis virus, borna disease virus and ...19999921612
dobrava hantavirus in russia. 19999923881
hantavirus (bunyaviridae) infections in rodents from orange and san diego counties, california.during a screening program to determine the extent of hantavirus activity in orange and san diego counties, california, serum samples from 2,365 rodents representing nine genera and 15 species were tested for hantavirus antibodies. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on selected seropositive rodents was used to identify the specific hantavirus. rodents positive for sin nombre virus (snv) antibodies by western blot included 86 (9.1%) of 948 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), four ( ...19999988327
hantavirus-specific igg, igm, and iga in acute and chronic renal disease versus congenital renal disease in the united states.in a blinded fashion, 165 serum samples from patients with biopsy-characterized acute and chronic renal diseases (acrds), 34 serum samples from patients with congenital renal diseases (crds), and 100 serum samples from healthy adults were assayed for immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies to hantaan and puumala viruses by enzyme immunoassay (eia). twenty-six percent (44 of 165) of acrds, 3% (1 of 34) of crds, and none (0 of 100) of the healthy serum samples were positive for hantavirus- ...199910196017
cellular entry of hantaviruses which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is mediated by beta3 integrins.hantaviruses replicate primarily in the vascular endothelium and cause two human diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). in this report, we demonstrate that the cellular entry of hfrs-associated hantaviruses is facilitated by specific integrins expressed on platelets, endothelial cells, and macrophages. infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vero e6 cells by the hfrs-causing hantaviruses hantaan (htn), seoul (seo), and puum ...199910196290
hbv core particles allow the insertion and surface exposure of the entire potentially protective region of puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein.core particles of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) potentiate the immune response against foreign epitopes presented on their surface. potential insertion sites in the monomeric subunit of the hbv core protein were previously identified at the n- and c-terminus and in the immunodominant c/e1 region. in a c-terminally truncated core protein these sites were used to introduce the entire 120 amino acid (aa)-long potentially immunoprotective region of the hantavirus (serotype puumala) nucleocapsid protei ...199910223335
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