Publications

cellular immunity in rabies virus infection: leukocyte-migration inhibition in-vitro.		1980	6991406
experimental chronic rabies in the cat.	two cats, inoculated with a street rabies virus strain, survived with only some progressive debility and atrophy of musculature in the injected limb for 136 weeks. they had continuously increasing titers of neutralizing antibody in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid, and terminally they had high antibody titers in the brain. virus was isolated from two brain specimens of one cat obtained at necropsy; isolation was successful only by explant culture and inoculation of explanted tissue into mice. vi ...	1980	6995713
a bat rabies isolate with an unusually short incubation period.		1980	6998723
production of neutralizing antibody to rabies and vesicular stomatitis viruses by hybrid cell lines.		1980	6243514
evidence of infection by viruses in small british field rodents.	four populations of small wild british rodents were studied by capture--re-capture methods over a period of three years. samples of blood were taken from these animals and tested for antibodies to nine viruses. animals were removed from another 11 sites around the uk, and immunosuppressed. samples of tissue from these animals were tested for the presence of viruses by passage in laboratory mice and serum samples from some of them were tested for antibody to the nine viruses. indications were fou ...	1980	6244344
tuberculin response related to the administration of foot and mouth disease, brucellosis and rabies vaccines.		1980	6244875
survey of virally mediated permeability changes.	1. sendai virus causes permeability changes when added to freshly isolated brain cells (cerebellum or ependymal cells) or to a culture of forebrain cells. 2. sendai virus causes permeability changes when added to organ cultures of ferret lung or nasal turbinate. influenza virus causes no permeability changes under these conditions. 3. rabies virus and vesicular-stomatitis virus, in contrast with sendai virus, do not cause permeability changes in bhk cells or lettrée cells. 4. serum from patients ...	1980	6258574
use of hybridoma monoclonal antibodies in the detection of antigenic differences between rabies and rabies-related virus proteins. ii. the glycoprotein.	twenty-five hybridoma cultures secreted monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoprotein of rabies or rabies-related viruses. the antibodies had different specificities for the glycoproteins of eight rabies and rabies-related viruses. they could be classified into fourteen groups which probably correspond to different antigenic determinants on the glycoproteins. these hybridomas when used in either radioimmunoassay (ria) or in neutralization tests allow differentiation of laboratory strai ...	1980	6155432
in vitro effect of isoprinosine on rabies virus.	the in vitro effect of isoprinosine, an antiviral compound, was evaluated on era and va319 rabies viral strains. isoprinosine diminished the number of immunofluorescent cells, viral titers, and structures involved in rabies virus replication. mechanism of antiviral action was probably mediated by modification of the polyribosome conformation and function.	1980	6160794
rabies vaccine prepared in human cell cultures: progress and perspectives.	rabies vaccine prepared in human diploid cell strains is a replacement for the previously available vaccines that are prepared in animal tissues and are less immunogenic and more reactogenic. the human cel-grown vaccine made in the united states is a split-product vaccine, whereas the vaccines made in europe are whole-virion vaccines. both types of vaccine contain concentrated and inactivated "fixed" rabies virus. when used before exposure to rabies virus, the vaccine should be given intramuscul ...	1980	6158081
a mouse model of the pathogenesis and postexposure prophylaxis of rabies.	a mouse model for the study of postexposure prophylaxis of rabies was established. mice injected intramuscularly with a street strain of rabies virus were significantly protected from death by five daily 0.2-ml doses of inactivated rabies vaccine of chick embryo cell culture origin initiated immediately or 3 hr after infection. in these mice, a large amount of circulating interferon was induced as early as 1 hr after the first dose of vaccine and lasted until at least 12 hr but no such amount of ...	1980	6163950
["pharaoh" line culture of japanese quail cells as a leukosis-free system for virus reproduction].	contamination of japanese quail, strain pharaoh, cell culture with oncogenous and infectious avian viruses was studied. the susceptibility of the embryonal cell cultures of the japanese quail, strain pharaoh, to measles, parotitis and fixed rabies viruses was also determined. it was found that the sera of pubertal quails had no antibody to rous sarcoma virus (rsv), strains brian, rsv (rav-1), schmidt-ruppin, carr-zilber, as well as to marek's disease and newcastle disease viruses. no reverse tra ...	1980	6251636
identification of rabies virus antigen in the skin of foxes.		1980	7013372
[molecular study in polyacrylamide gel of polypeptides of several strains of rabies virus].	comparative study of structural polypeptides of five rabies virus strains (serotype 1) and one serotype iv, demonstrates difference in molecular weight of the envelope polypeptides m1 and g of all strains. there is little difference between the structural polypeptides n, m2 and probably l. some purified strains have been treated by trypsine to localize the position of polypeptides. there was no difference between the four major polypeptides of complete and defective virus. pasteur strain cultiva ...	1980	6771049
[complement-fixing rabies antibodies in mice vaccinated and posteriorly challenged].		1980	6982627
rabies.		1980	6987732
use of an enzyme immunoassay with protein a for rabies antigen and antibody determination.	the rabies antigen quantitation reported here is based on the principle of an enzyme immuno micro assay (eia) using antigen coated polystyrene microtiter plates. in a first step antibodies of known specificity are partially blocked by the antigen to be titrated; in a second step the free remaining antibodies are determined by eia. antirabies vaccines, purified virus or rabies glycoprotein were assayed by that micro-method in comparison with the double neutralization test in tissue culture. moreo ...	1980	6988255
diagnosis of rabies by immunofluorescence in trypsin-treated histologic sections.	after trypsin digestion of 4% formaldehyde (10% formalin)-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain sections, immunofluorescence identification of rabies antigen was successful in three human rabies cases and in experimentally infected mice. the method allows better interpretation of the anatomic localization of rabies antigen and will be helpful in studies of the pathogenesis of rabies. it will also be diagnostically useful where fresh or fresh-frozen brain tissue is not available, although it should not ...	1980	6991727
[rabies].	the epidemiology, geographic distribution in europe, pathogenesis and diagnosis of rabies are briefly reviewed. criteria are discussed for evaluating cases in which exposure to rabies is suspected. current vaccination programs in switzerland and indications for additional passive immune prophylaxis are mentioned. special attention is directed to postexposure therapy of previously vaccinated persons. further, the recommended time intervals for rabies revaccination of high-risk individuals are dis ...	1980	6994220
tissue culture technique for routine isolation of street strain rabies virus.	a tissue culture test for the primary isolation of street strain rabies virus from the brains of suspect animals was evaluated. it was found to be reliable and comparable in sensitivity to the standard mouse inoculation technique. the test, which yields final results in 48 h, was performed in bhk-21 cells on tissue culture chamber slides. the addition of diethylaminoethyl dextran to the cell suspension before seeding the slide promoted the subsequent viral invasiveness of positive test specimens ...	1980	6999024
inactivation of rabies diagnostic reagents by gamma radiation.	treatment of cvs-11 rabies adsorbing suspensions and street rabies infected mouse brains with gamma radiation resulted in inactivated reagents that are safer to distribute and use. these irradiated reagents were as sensitive and reactive as the nonirradiated control reagents.	1980	7024297
rabies virus infection of a flying fox bat, pteropus policephalus in chandigarh, northern india.	the present communication reports for the first time in south east asia an active infection of frugivorous flying fox bat (pteropus poliocephalus) with a virus belonging to the rhabdo virus group -- a bat virus. negri body like structures were demonstrated by seller's stain and direct immunofluorescence in the brain and salivary gland of the dead bat. the virus was isolated after intracerebral inoculation of homogenate of the bat brain, salivary gland or brown fat separately in new born mice.	1980	7210163
recovery from clinical rabies of 2 dogs inoculated with a rabies virus strain from ethiopia.	two dogs, inoculated with a strain of rabies virus from ethiopia, showed typical signs of rabies 8 days after inoculation. after 3 or 4 days with a deterioration in the physical condition, both animals began to recover, as shown by increased muscular movements, reaction to stimuli, awareness of surroundings, and attempts to rise. both animals recovered completely, although 1 then died of pseudomonas bacterial pneumonia. an increase in serum-neutralizing antibody and in csf or brain-neutralizing ...	1980	7224288
[isolation of rabies virus from common hamster (cricetus cricetus) in czechoslovakia].		1980	7246383
[peroral infection with rabies virus in fox and domestic cat].		1980	7246384
complement fixing antigen in rabies. iv. sequential development of cf antigens and their relationship.		1980	7310097
determination of serum neutralization antibodies to rabies virus by a modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis test.	a modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie/sn) technique was developed as a diagnostic procedure for the detection of serum-neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus. cie/sn test results with sera from individuals undergoing postexposure rabies immunization compared favorably with those obtained by the standard mouse neutralization test procedure. fractionation of selected sera by sephadex g-200 column chromatography demonstrated that serological activity involved in both procedures was present ...	1980	7229005
experimental rabies in the vampire bat.	vampire bats were inoculated intramuscularly and subcutaneously with varying doses of rabies virus to simulate bites by rabid animals in nature. daily saliva samples were then taken from these animals to determine whether they excreted virus and for how long. vampire bats appear to react to rabies virus as do other animals, with variable incubation periods, some excretion of virus in the saliva, but no prolonged excretion "carrier state."	1980	7369444
in vitro translation of rabies virus messenger rnas.		1980	7385589
pretreatment antibody titers in repeated rabies prophylaxis.		1980	7392170
cellular and humoral immune response in human beings vaccinated with rabies vaccine.		1980	7229310
[immunogenicity of the rabies virus treated with phenol, beta-propiolactone and heat].		1980	7395053
complement fixing antigen in rabies. v. effect of bacteriostatic agents on its stability.		1980	7229311
a highly purified and concentrated duck embroy rabies vaccine: a preliminary report.		1980	7410442
postexposure trial of a human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine.	a human diploid cell strain vaccine (hdcv) was evaluated in 90 persons treated after exposure to rabies, 21 of whom were bitten by proven rabid animals. intramuscular doses of hdcv were given on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28, and human rabies immune globulin (hrig) was given on day 0. antibody to rabies virus was tested for by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test; adverse reactions were assessed from physician's forms. all 87 persons tested developed titers of greater than or equal to 0.5 inte ...	1980	7410895
[modification of rabies virus plaque formation technic and its use in the study of viral persistence].		1980	7415148
effect of prior immunisation and subsequent challenge with rabies virus in mice.		1980	7419248
complement fixing antigens in rabies. vi. correlation of complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies.		1980	7320482
[different behaviour of street rabies and virus fixé strains in parabiotic rats (author's transl)].	to resolve the problem by which route rabies virus is migrating within the infected organism, coelioanastomosis was performed by operating two albino rats each so that a connection between blood vessels, however not between nerves was established. one of the partners was infected in each case. as soon as one of the parabionts exhibited specific disease, the animals were disconnected again. a comparison of street virus and strains of virus fixé that had been maintained by intracerebral, plantar, ...	1980	7424247
adaptation, attenuation and plaque purification of a rabiesvirus isolate (v319) from a vampire bat (desmodus rotundus).	five rabiesvirus isolates, four of vampire bat origin and one from the brain of a rabid cow, were studied with respect to their adaptability to tissue culture. only two strains (v319 and mazatan strains) adapted readily. one (mazatan) failed to yield high titers in vitro after isolation, plaque purification and further passage; however, the v319 strain routinely yielded titers of 10(9) pfu/ml. in limited pathogenicity tests in cattle and dogs, the v319 strain was found not to be excreted in the ...	1980	7428375
intradermal immunization with rabies vaccine. inactivated wistar strain cultivated in human diploid cells.	we report a comparative study of the mérieux institute's inactivated rabies vaccine administered intradermally or subcutaneously. vaccine safety was satisfactory, with only minor local and generalized reactions. serological effectiveness was outstanding: all of those who had been seronegative became seropositive following either two intradermal or subcutaneous injections given one month apart. a comparison of the intradermal and subcutaneous routes demonstrated several important points. antibody ...	1980	7431588
[properties of the rabies virus long persisting in cell cultures].	properties of rabies virus (rv) persisting in chronically infected cultures (cic): hep-2--rv and bhk-rv were studied. rv from the hep-2-rv system retained its pathogenicity for mice for more than 3 years of observation. rv from the bhk-rv system lost this property after 50 passages in cic. both rv variants from cic formed plaques in cer cells, showed marked immunogenic activity in mice, had no interferon-inducing activity in bhk-21 cells, and were not temperature-sensitive. electron microscopic ...	1980	7434724
[comparative study of the persistence of 3 rna-containing viruses in a continuous cell culture of human origin].	a comparative study of chronic infecton of hep-2 cells with tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), rabies (rv), and rubella (ruv) viruses was carried out. throughout the entire period of chronic infection (ci) no signs of specific cell destruction by these viruses were observed. the infectious virus was regularly demonstrated in the culture fluid and chronically infected cells. the antigenic properties of the persisting viruses did not differ from those of the original strains. the persisting tbe and ra ...	1980	7434725
preparation and characterization of rabies virus hemagglutinin.	rabies virus glycoprotein, released by treatment with triton x-100, was isoelectrically focused in a sucrose gradient containing the nonionic detergent octylglucoside. removal of the detergent by dialysis resulted in aggregates of variable size and shape. the hemagglutinating activity of this preparation was approximately sixfold higher than that of the intact virus. the protein with hemagglutinating activity and with a buoyant density of 1.237 consisted solely of polypeptide chains of the g-pro ...	1980	7439995
prevalence of rabies virus in foxes trapped in the canadian arctic.	brains and salivary glands of 521 trapped arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) submitted from four different settlement areas in the northwest territories were examined for rabies by the standard fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests. rabies antigen was present in 44 of 201 (21.9%) brains from foxes trapped in the sachs harbour area, but submissions from cambridge bay (127), spence bay (93) and gjoa haven (100) were negative. virus was also present in salivary glands from 43 (97.7%) of these ...	1980	7459793
a possible case of interspecific transmission of rabies in insectivorous bats.		1980	7462869
a model in mice for the study of the early death phenomenon after vaccination and challenge with rabies virus.	the reactions of mice were studied for a period of 10 days after their vaccination with an inactivated rabies vaccine. the kinetics of their resistance to an intracerebral challenge and neutralizing antibody activity of their serum were determined daily. protection began on the fourth day after vaccination and was approximately correlated with virus-neutralizing antibody titres from the sixth to the tenth day. however, in vaccinated mice still unprotected, death following the intracerebral chall ...	1980	7463005
wild life rabies in nigeria: experimental infection and transmission studies with the shrew (crocidura sp.).	wild caught shrews were infected with rabies virus strains by the intramuscular, subcutaneous and oral routes. inoculated animals became sick within four to seven days of inoculation with characteristic dumb rabies symptomatology. the significant symptom was a progressive loss of aggressiveness and an unbalanced gait. the course of illness was 36-48 hours. transmission of rabies virus to susceptible laboratory mice was successful only with shrews which had been infected orally and allowed to bit ...	1980	7436600
paralytic rabies: a clinico-pathological study.	clinical and pathological features of 11 cases of paralytic rabies have been described, with a detailed study of the peripheral nerves. the mean incubation period was forty-nine days (range 7-90 days). the mean interval between the onset of symptoms and death was 8.4 days (range 7-11 days). a history of animal bite was available in 9 cases. pain and paraesthesiae at the site of the bite, followed by paralysis, were the main presenting symptoms. motor weakness and involvement of the respiratory m ...	1980	7437890
rabies virus inactivation by binary ethylenimine: new method for inactivated vaccine production.	the inactivation dynamics of rabies virus (pv strain) by binary ethylenimine, and the immunogenic properites and the stability of the vaccines prepared using this agent, were studied. binary ethylenimine at a final concentration of 0.01 m was prepared wtih 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide in alkaline solutions, either separately from or in suspensions of rabies virus propagated in bhk cells. the infectivity of virus suspensions containing more than 108 plaque-forming units per 0.1 ml was inactivat ...	1980	7358836
rabies serogroup viruses in neuroblastoma cells: propagation, "autointerference," and apparently random back-mutation of attenuated viruses to the virulent state.	each of several strains of fixed rabies virus was found to replicate to high titers in c1300 mouse neuroblastoma (clone na) cells, without adaptation. rabies serogroup lagos bat, mokola, and duvenhage viruses also replicated efficiently in na cells. kotonkan and obodhiang viruses replicated efficiently after adaptation, to titers not previously obtained in vitro. infection in na cells was frequently more cytopathic than in bhk-21 cells, allowing titration of kotonkan and obodhiang viruses by pla ...	1980	7380549
rabies virus-induced rna synthesis in bhk21 cells.	rabies virus polysomes contained two sizes of messenger rnas, one of which had a sedimentation value of 30s and another which sedimented at 12 to 16s. rna extracted from infected cultures contained virion-size rna, 42s, as well as 30s and 12 to 16s rna species. hybridization studies indicated that the 30s and 12 to 16s rnas had nucleotide sequences which were complementary to virion rna. rna. rna isolated from virus polysomes contained adenylate-rich sequences which were heterogeneous in size an ...	1980	7420063
[reproduction of fixed rabies virus in a quail fibroblast culture growing in suspension].	reproduction of culture variant of fixed rabies virus was studied in cultures of quail fibroblasts growing in roller suspension cultures, as well as in monolayer cultures of japanese quail embryos fixed on deae-sephadex a-50 particles. titers of the virus in cultures on the microcarrier were found to be similar with those in roller monolayer cultures, namely 5.75--6.5 lg ld50/ml. in shaker and roller suspension cultures the virus titers were lower: 4.5--5.25 lg ld50/ml.	1980	7423971
the structural proteins of rabies virus and evidence for their synthesis from separate monocistronic rna species.	purified preparations of the cvs strain of rabies virus, which were labelled during the infectious growth cycle with different isotopes or labelled in vitro by iodination or acetylation, contained five major proteins, l, g, n, m1, and m2, when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the major surface glycoprotein, g, could be separated into two components, g1, g2, in some page systems; they were present in about equimolar amounts and had apparent mol. wt. of 70.5 x 10(3) and 65 x ...	1980	7420062
[search for virus-specified sequences in dna of cells persistently infected by rabies virus].	hybridization of high specific activity 3h-cdna probe or 3h-rna of rabies virus with cell dna did not reveal the presence of virus-specific sequencies in dna of rabies virus persistently infected bhk 21/13s and hep-2 cells. transfection experiments with susceptible cells with dna isolated from persistently infected cultures also brought negative results.	1980	7378566
clinical experience with a human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	between january 1975 and december 1977 the center for disease control treated 255 persons with the human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine who did not have development of an antibody titer to duck embryo vaccine (dev) or who were at risk for having a serious reaction to dev. two hundred eighteen persons were treated postexposure, and 37 persons were treated preexposure. the antibody response to the vaccine was excellent, and the reaction rates were low. no person treated has had development of ...	1980	7392185
human diploid cell rabies vaccine: more protection for less risk?		1980	7392194
[characteristics of defective rabies virus particles formed in chronically infected cultures].	cultural fluids of bhk-21/13s and hep-2 cells chronically infected with rabies virus were used to determine the structures sedimenting in the sucrose gradient of the slow infectious virus. these structures have a polypeptide composition similar to that of rabies virus and contain subgenome rna. morphologically they are spherical virions. after amplification in bhk-21/13s cells the structures protected mice from lethal doses of rabies virus. the results obtained allow designation of the structure ...	1980	7415149
human diploid cell rabies vaccine.		1980	7442610
rabies mrna translation in xenopus laevis oocytes.	two rabies virus-specific mrna species were identified by analysis of their encoded proteins after translation of the partially purified species in xenopus laevis oocytes. one of these coded for the virion surface glycoprotein (g protein), and the other coded for the major structural protein of the virion nucleocapsid (n protein). the g-mrna sedimented in a sucrose density gradient at about 18s, and the n-mrna had a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 16s. their respective translation pro ...	1980	7441819
in vitro transformation of rabbit lymphocytes in rabies virus infection.		1980	7442816
[factors responsible for the persistence of rabies virus in cell cultures].	persistence of rabies virus (rv) was studied in two cell cultures: hep-2-rv and bhk-rv. the infection was demonstrated in 8% cells of the bhk-rv system and 53% cells of hep-2-rv system by the method of cloning. the virus-free clones were as sensitive to rv infection as the control cultures. the incubation temperature shifts up to 40 degrees c and down to 34 degrees c did not affect the carrier state. 5-budr did not activate the infectious process in the chronically infected cells. the factors po ...	1980	7434738
rabies vaccination in the 1980s.		1980	7439912
evolutionary biology and the treatment of signs and symptoms of infectious disease.		1980	7464170
the safety and efficacy of immunizing foxes (vulpes vulpes) using bait containing attenuated rabies virus vaccine.	foxes given era rabies vaccine baits were challenged at one, six, 12 and 24 months later and showed a resistance to challenge in 80%, 78%, 60% and 44% of individuals respectively. all animals showing seroconversion following vaccination, resisted challenge at 24 months, suggesting that successful vaccination by the oral route could confer a relatively long term duration of immunity. the trials showed that fox pups did not immunize as easily as adult foxes using era rabies vaccine baits. back-pas ...	1980	7407689
regeneration of di particles of virulent and attenuated rabies virus: genome characterization and lack of correlation with virulence phenotype.	two strains of fixed rabies virus were examined for their ability to regenerate defective interfering (di) particles and for possible correlation of di particle production with the expression of virulence. a plaque-purified stock of the attenuated era strain (erapp), which characteristically caused an auto-interfering death response in adult mice inoculated i.c., was serially passed at a high m.o.i. inbhk-21 cells. by the sixth passage, di particles were regenerated that corresponded in sediment ...	1980	7463009
quantitative determination of rabies antigen by elisa.	two elisa methods are described for quantitation of rabies envelope glycoprotein in suspensions containing liver or inactivated virus. one of these methods is currently used for "in process" control at the production of inactivated rabies vaccine in our laboratory. the results obtained with the elisa-test have been compared with those from the classical nih-test for a number of freeze dried vaccine preparations. although no perfect correlation was obtained good vaccine lots could easily be disti ...	1981	7341294
rapid antibody response to human diploid rabies vaccine.	the speed of antibody response to two administration schedules of human diploid cell strains rabies vaccine (hdcv) was measured in two groups of veterinary students as a preliminary study to the use of interferon inducers plus vaccine for rabies treatment. when four doses of hdcv were administered in three days instead of four doses in 14 days, 94.7 per cent of those injected had antibody by the seventh day, versus 31.6 per cent in the 14-day group. the maximum titer was lower and antibody fell ...	1981	7468581
single-site localization of rabies virus: impact on laboratory reporting policy.	information accumulated by our rabies laboratory during 1977-1979 was retrospectively analyzed for patterns of rabies localization in brain. of the 1,730 specimens reported positive during that period, 37 were positive at a single site, 27 involving only the cerebellum. therefore, we recommend that those laboratories which offer the fluorescent rabies antibody test (fra) examine both cerebellum and hippocampus. definitive reports based on the fra should be offered only when both sites have been ...	1981	7468888
[rabies in supposedly vaccinated children, cases of long incubation (apropos of 2 cases)].		1981	7348286
influence of cell type and virus upon lysis of rabies virus-infected cells by antibody and complement.	mouse neuroblastoma (mnb) cells infected with era virus were specifically lysed in the presence of rabbit complement by antisera produced in mice to challenge virus standard (cvs), era, flury hep or street virus (sv) strains of rabies. mnb or el-4 cells persistently infected with era, mnb cells infected with cvs, and bhk-21/s13 cells infected with era or flury hep also were suitable targets. cer cells infected with either era, cvs or flury hep, bhk-21/s13 cells infected with cvs and mnb cells in ...	1981	7332491
[human vaccination against rabies (author's transl)].		1981	7345979
booster effect of human diploid cell antirabies vaccine in previously treated persons.	contact was maintained with 27 of 45 persons for four years after their severe exposure to rabies virus and successful protection. during that time, these persons showed no adverse effects of treatment and maintained rabies-neutralizing antibody at the level of 2 to 91 iu/ml of serum. after a single booster inoculation of human diploid cell culture vaccine four years after the initial treatment, levels of neutralizing antibodies rose to 36 to 650 iu/ml of serum ten days after the booster inocula ...	1981	7299954
rabies vaccine (babeş strain of fixed rabies virus) inactivated with betapropiolactone.		1981	7340722
[importance of the racoon dog in the epidemiology and epizootiology of rabies in the far east].	raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides gray) have been shown to take part in the circulation of rabies virus within their natural area in the far east and thus to be dangerous as a source of infection for humans and domestic animals. the disease has been registered in the areas with high population density of this species, the spread of infection reaching 13 +/- 4.6% in the years of survey. the results of the preliminary determination of the sensitivity of raccoon dogs and the schematic map show ...	1981	7331626
[immune response during the course of chronic experimental rabies].	the immune response was studied in the time course in comparison with virus titers in the brain in chronic course of the disease in random-bred and balb/c mice infected intracerebrally with street rabies virus, the yak strain. the virus-neutralizing antibodies were first found in the blood by the end of the incubation period and in the brain tissue at 7-8 days of the disease. then their titers increased as the disease progressed reaching maximum (in the blood 1:97,313, in the brain 1:63,090) by ...	1981	7336685
specific neutralization value for rabies virus of different tissue extracts from immunized mice refractory to severe infection with babeş rabies fixed virus.		1981	7340721
rabies risks: systematic evaluation and management of animal bites.		1981	7307467
a rabies virus persistent infection in bhk21 cells.	a rabies virus persistent infection in bhk21 s13 cells was established and maintained in culture for more than 4 years. initially, the cultures produced a large plaque virus similar to that produced by the original virus, but between the 10th and 20th passage, this was replaced by a small plaque variant. by the 200th passage, infectious virus could no longer be detected in the medium. after further cell passages (greater than or equal to 300) no infectious particles could be detected in the medi ...	1981	7320704
rabies serum neutralizing antibody in mongooses from grenada.	during a four-year study on grenada, 4,754 mongooses were examined, of which 100 (2.1%) were rabid. of 1,675 mongooses tested for rabies serum neutralizing (sn) antibody, 498 (30%) were positive. during these four years (1971-74) the antibody prevalence rate increased from 20.8% to 43.2%, whereas the number of rabid mongooses decreased from 3.5% to 0.6%. naturally acquired antibody was monitored in 20 captive mongooses for up to 35 months, and it was still circulating in 18 when monitoring cease ...	1981	7330920
evaluation and comparative studies of inactivated rabies vaccines obtained in the heterologous diploid and polyploid cells (hak, bhk and vero).	this study is concerned with the following characteristics of the vaccines: 1.) protecting power, 2.) rabies antigens and 3.) major polypeptide components. this study was performed on supernatants of tissue cultures and on concentrated and purified vaccines. moreover, some cellular and serum contaminants, especially the proteins produced by bhk cells, as well as minor rabies proteins, were analysed in the viral solutions. thus, it appears that all three types of vaccines have a similar protectin ...	1981	7341292
growth kinetics of rabies virus in mouse macrophage cell cultures.		1981	7320491
[comparison of inactivated rabies vaccines obtained from diploid and polyploid heterologous cells (hak, bhk, and vero)].	homologous or heterologous diploid or polyploid cells have been established as good producers of virus. in this study we present three types of experimental inactivated antirabies vaccines obtained under identical conditions from three types of cells. the study concerns the following characteristics of the vaccines: protecting powers, rabies antigens and major polypeptidic components; this study was performed on supernatants of tissue cultures and concentrated and purified vaccines. moreover, so ...	1981	7316614
intermittent excretion of rabies virus in the saliva of a dog two and six months after it had recovered from experimental rabies.	a dog inoculated with a rabies virus isolate from the saliva of an apparently healthy ethiopian dog was followed for more than 9 months. saliva and blood specimens were collected three times weekly and cerebrospinal fluid weekly. saliva samples collected on days 42 and 169 after the dog's recovery produced fatal rabies infections in mice inoculated intracerebrally.	1981	7283008
[rna synthesis in cells chronically infected with rabies virus].	rnas of predominantly subgenome size were synthesized in bhk-21 and hep-2 cells chronically infected with rabies virus in the presence of actinomycin d. an analysis of glyoxale-denaturated intracellular viral rnas in agarose gel showed the subgenome size of rna not to be due to its conformation alterations. hybridization of intracellular rnas with 125i-rna or k3h-kdna of rabies virus demonstrated marked reduction in both transcription and replication of viral genome in chronic infection as compa ...	1981	7257325
[anti-rabies service of the national school of health (1976-1980)].		1981	7348390
experimental rabies in skunks: persistence of virus in denervated muscle at the inoculation site.	striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were inoculated into the denervated abductor digiti quinti muscle with street rabies virus. they were killed at various times after inoculation and several tissues were examined by immunofluorescence and light microscopy. muscle at the inoculation site was examined electron microscopically. rabies antigen was detected in muscle fibers first on day 7 and persisted until day 28. light and electron microscopic lesions at the inoculation site included atrophic and ...	1981	7337867
antibody-mediated enhancement of rabies virus.		1981	7219541
strains of rabies virus available for preparation of sylvatic rabies vaccines with special reference to vaccines prepared in cell culture.	rabies vaccines for use as a preventive in wildlife have not yet been licensed. there are several vaccines which, based on tests in dogs, merit trial especially in foxes and skunks and these are summarized in a table. trials are being conducted in canada on the effectiveness of several of these vaccines in foxes and skunks.	1981	7340931
[activity control of inactivated rabies vaccines. critical study of the n.i.h. test using the so-called 'peripheric test' as an experimental model].		1981	7217107
comparative study of rabies virus persistence in human and hamster cell lines.	persistent infections by rabies virus in bhk-21/13s and hep-2 cells were studied comparatively. no evidence of interferon production, selection of virus-resistant cells, or integration of the viral genome could be found. persisting viruses replicated efficiently at 34, 36, and 40 degrees c. both persistently infected cultures released defective interfering virus particles. a cyclical pattern of infection, which was not characteristic of the persistently infected hep-2 system, was observed in per ...	1981	7218421
transplacental transmission of rabies virus from a naturally infected skunk.	a female skunk (mephitis mephitis) was submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory for routine rabies diagnosis. rabies infection was confirmed by fluorescent rabies antibody examination on brain tissue. additional tissues, including uterus, ovaries, and 6 embryos, were collected to study rabies pathogenesis. the fluorescent rabies antibody examination showed rabies virus antigen in 1 embryo, the uterus, and ovaries.	1981	7332132
amino acid composition and terminal sequence analysis of the rabies virus glycoprotein: identification of the reading frame on the cdna sequence.		1981	7332557
production and use of avianised rabies vaccine in nigeria.		1981	7333781
generation of hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against toxoplasma gondii or rabies virus following fusion of in vitro-immunized spleen cells with myeloma cells.		1981	7259110
experimental rabies in cats: immune response and persistence of immunity.	experimental rabies was studied in cats under defined conditions. a correlation between the virus dosage and the incubation period was established and results were compared with those published previously by others. the susceptibility of cats to rabies virus appears to be paradoxical. the persistence of the immunity induced by an inactivated rabies vaccine prepared form cell culture-propagated virus used in combination with feline panleukopenia vaccine, with or without adjuvant, was studied thro ...	1981	7261592
[electron microscopic study of cell cultures chronically infected with fixed rabies virus].	hep-2 and vero cell cultures chronically infected with rabies virus were examined electron microscopically. in the cytoplasm and intercellular spaces of these cultures structures were found morphologically similar to virus particles previously described in cells acutely infected with rabies virus. the observed virus particles were elongated, oval or spherical in shape. their inner structure appeared as homogeneous material of varying optic density surrounded with a 3-layer membrane. changes in t ...	1981	7269529
defective interfering particles of fixed rabies viruses: lack of correlation with attenuation or auto-interference in mice.	six different fixed strains of rabies virus were analysed for their capacity to produce defective particles following acute infection of bhk-21 cells. five of the six strains produced one or more defective particle populations with strain-specific sedimentation properties, particle length and abbreviated rna genome size. these defective particles varied in their capacity to interfere with replication of standard rabies virus in cell culture. each virus strain characteristically either killed adu ...	1981	7288395
[2 biological variants of the rabies virus obtained from 1 strain].	two variants of rabies virus were obtained in experimental mice from one wild strain. they differed in the duration of the incubation and clinical periods and in virus titres. one virus variant produced an acute disease and the other acute and chronic forms of the disease. these properties persisted throughout 21 and 12 successive passages, respectively.	1981	7293162
bcg modulation of delayed type hypersensitivity, humoral response and acquired resistance after rabies vaccination.	the immunopotentiating action of bcg was evaluated in rabies. the maximum enhancing effect on delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) was obtained 14 days after rabies immunization when different bcg vaccination schedules were tested in mice. a stable form of specific sensitization to rabies antigen under the modulation of bcg pretreatment was obtained. high concentrations of rabies antigen were found to be inhibitory for the dth reaction. levels of protection were evaluated in rabies vaccination af ...	1981	7295038