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new simple dye-uptake assay for interferon.using the spectrophotometer that the authors developed, the amounts of human leukocyte and mouse l cell interferons on fl cells and l929 cells were measured and values were compared with those measured by the cytopathogenic effect (cpe) reduction method (cpe method). the spectrophotometric method, which was simpler than the original dye-uptake method, was found to be more sensitive than the latter. when sindbis virus was used instead of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), there were no significant ...19816175308
distribution of phosphoserine, phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine in proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19816162272
effect of human interferon on vesicular stomatitis virus released from bovine embryonic kidney cells.human lymphoblastoid interferon (ifn) had an antiviral activity in bovine embryonic kidney cells that resulted in the release of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) particles with decreased infectivity. the inhibition was dose dependent and the cells were highly sensitive to human ifn. examination of the proteins of vsv released from bovine cells after ifn treatment showed a reduction in the glycoprotein. electron microscopic studies revealed a large number of vsv particles with characteristic spik ...19826176154
interferon induction in bovine and feline monolayer cultures by four bluetongue virus serotypes.the interferon inducing ability of bluetongue viruses was studied in bovine and feline monolayer cultures inoculated with each of four bluetongue virus serotypes. interferon was assayed by a plaque reduction method in monolayer cultures with vesicular stomatitis virus as challenge virus. interferon was produced by bovine turbinate, georgia bovine kidney, and crandell feline kidney monolayer cultures in response to bluetongue virus serotypes 10, 11, 13 and 17. the antiviral substances produced by ...19826176301
detection of gamma interferon in the sera of patients with behçet's disease.the serum levels of interferon (ifn) in 58 patients with behçet's disease were significantly higher than those in 79 normal controls (p less than 0.0001). the average ifn titer was 51.4 +/- 9.3 iu/ml in the patients and 5.9 +/- 1.1 iu/ml in the controls. the patients were then divided into two groups according to the stage of ocular disease. forty-six patients in the ocular convalescent stage had higher ifn levels (61.3 +/- 11.2 iu/ml) than did 12 patients in the exacerbation stage (13.2 +/- 3.0 ...19826176541
genetic analysis of the role of camp in mediating effects of interferon.the effects of interferon (ifn) on fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, intracellular camp levels, antiviral activity, and growth inhibition were analyzed in a cloned macrophage-like cell line, j774.2, and variants derived from it. purified ifn increased fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in j774.2 cells, and in camp-responsive nonphagocytic variants but was without effect in camp-unresponsive nonphagocytic variants, in adenylate cyclase-deficient variants, and in camp-dependent protein kinase-defi ...19826177003
inhibition of mouse fibroblast interferon by gangliosides. differential effects on biological activity and on induction of (2'--5')oligoadenylate synthetase.gangliosides are potent inhibitors of the antiviral activity of mouse fibroblasts and other beta-interferons. we have compared the effects of gangliosides on antiviral and antigrowth activities of mouse fibroblast interferon and on the induction of (2'--5')oligoadenylate synthetase, one of the enzymes implicated in the antiviral state induced by interferon. whereas both biological effects appear to be inhibited by gangliosides in an analogous fashion, inhibition of induction of (2'--5')oligoaden ...19826177531
antiviral effects of interferon on a somatic cell hybrid between two burkitt's lymphoma cell lines of different interferon sensitivities.a somatic cell hybrid between two human burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, raji and daudi, was infected with either epstein-barr virus or vesicular stomatitis virus after interferon treatment. raji cells are resistant to the antiviral effects of exogenously added interferon, whereas daudi cells are interferon sensitive. the raji-daudi hybrid showed an interferon sensitivity that was intermediary to that of the parental cells against both viruses.19826177642
augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity to serum proteins by vesicular stomatitis virus infection in mice: virus-suppressor cell interactions.the effects of infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to heterologous serum proteins were investigated in mice. dth was induced by a subcutaneous injection of antigen in complete freund's adjuvant. infection with vsv at the time of immunization did not affect the level of dth elicited 3 wk later. marked augmentation of dth was observed only when previously immunized mice were infected with vsv simultaneously with restimulation by soluble antigen; e ...19826177756
monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus: comparative neutralizing activity.nineteen independently isolated hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus were isolated and studied for their capacity to neutralize viral infectivity. by measuring competitive binding of 125i-labeled monoclonal antibodies in a radioimmunoassay. 11 different, non-cross-reacting antigenic determinants were identified on the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein. all monoclonal antibodies reacting with determinants 1, 2, 3, and 4 resulted in viral ...19826177869
limiting dilution analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes that react to human amnion cells and protect these against viral challenge.human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbl) cocultured with wish human amnion cells rapidly produced alpha-type interferon (ifn-alpha) and in an ifn-dependent manner protected the wish cells against the cytopathic effects caused by vesicular stomatitis virus. when the number of pbl per wish cell monolayer culture was diluted out using multiple wish microtiter plate cultures for each pbl dilution, the protection of the wish cultures appeared as an all-or-none phenomenon. thus, at one smal ...19826178610
chronic production of defective-interfering particles by hamster embryo cultures of herpesvirus persistently infected and oncogenically transformed cells.highly passaged defective-interfering (di) particle preparations of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) were found to mediate the co-establishment of persistent infection and oncogenic transformation of permissive hamster embryo cells. four cell lines, designated di-1 to di-4, were shown to possess biological properties typical of transformed cells and to induce the rapid formation of metastatic fibrosarcomas when injected into syngeneic lsh hamsters. corresponding di tumour cell lines, designated ...19826178795
amantadine and dansylcadaverine inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus uptake and receptor-mediated endocytosis of alpha 2-macroglobulin.the entry of many animal viruses into their host cells often proceeds via a specialized internalization pathway involving clathrin-coated regions of the plasma membrane. we have examined the effect of dansylcadaverine and amantadine on the entry of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) into mouse cells. both compounds inhibit vsv entry as determined by fluorescence and electron microscopy, 3h-labeled vsv uptake, and vsv-dependent rna synthesis assays. they also inhibit the uptake of alpha 2-macroglob ...19826179094
limitation of vsv infection by the host's response to vsv-associated cellular antigens.it has been reported that during the maturation of enveloped viruses, host proteins such as h-2 antigens of the mouse associate with the budding viruses. this finding led us to investigate the possible biologic significance of this association. in our studies, we examined, with purified vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) from various sources, the in vivo infection of mice immunized with allogeneic tumors. immunization of h-2k mice with an h-2d tumor caused the limitation of replication, within the ...19826180021
phenotypic mixing of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) with vaccinia virus. 19826132548
interferon induction by viruses. viii. vesicular stomatitis virus: [+/-]di-011 particles induce interferon in the absence of standard virions. 19826175087
indomethacin and aspirin do not inhibit the antiviral or anti-proliferative actions of interferon.neither indomethacin nor aspirin, at concentrations which inhibited the formation of prostaglandins and prevented the interferon-induced increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic gmp, had any significant effect on the development of the interferon-induced antiviral state either in mouse l1210 cells challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus or in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. furthermore, neither drug had any significant effect on the interferon-induced inhibition of ...19826185629
separation of glycopeptides by high performance liquid chromatography.a method is presented for separation of tryptic glycopeptides-containing oligosaccharides of the n-asparagine-linked type. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) of glycopeptides on a c18 reverse-phase system eluted with a gradient of 0%-50% acetonitrile in 0.1 m napo4 ph 2.2 resolves the two major glycosylation sites from the envelope glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus. glycopeptides containing n-linked oligosaccharides of the complex type coelute with those containing n-link ...19826279684
simian foamy virus pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus: production and use in sero-epidemiological investigations.simian foamy virus (sfv) pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus have been successfully produced and their host range characterized. the availability of these pseudotypes has permitted the development of a rapid, quantitative assay to measure neutralizing antibody titres to sfv that has proved useful in a sero-epidemiological study.19826279771
measurement of surface antigen by specific bacterial adherence and scanning electron microscopy (saba/sem) in cells infected by vesiculovirus ts mutants.temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the rhabdoviruses vesicular stomatitis virus and chandipura virus have been used to measure the appearance of virus antigen on the surface of infected cells by the technique of surface analysis by bacterial adherence and scanning electron microscopy (saba/sem). the number of staphylococci specifically adhering to antiserum-treated infected ptk-2 or bsc-1 cells at permissive (31 degrees c) and restrictive (39 degrees c) temperatures was followed in time-cours ...19826279772
h-2kk and vesicular stomatitis virus g proteins are not extensively associated in reconstituted membranes recognized by t cells.it is shown that liposomes containing (i) a fluorescein-labeled murine histocompatibility antigen (fitc-h-2kk) and the g protein of vesicular stomatitis virus or (ii) h-2kk and fluorescein-labeled viral protein (fitc-g) can elicit h-2-restricted syngeneic antiviral cytotoxic t cells as assayed by 51cr release from appropriate virus-infected target cells. fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to measure the diffusion coefficients of these reconstituted proteins in four different sam ...19826280187
high multiplicities of infection favor rapid and random evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19826280387
breast cancer skin test antigens of increased sensitivity prepared from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected tumor cells.crude membrane (cm) extracts were prepared from five cultured breast tumor lines (mda-mb-157, mda-mb-231, zr75-1, hs0578t, and mcf-7) which had been infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) to augment their antigenicity. in skin test trials, cm extracts of uninfected mcf-7 cells elicited positive response in 0 of 13 (0%) tests in breast cancer patients, while vsv-mcf-7 elicited positive responses in 11 of the same 13 patients (84.6%). cm extracts of vsv-zr75-1 and vsv-mcf-7 elicited greate ...19826280832
effect of prostaglandins on elicitation of anti-viral-cytolytic activity.we have studied the modulating effect of prostaglandins (pg) on the elicitation of secondary anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctl) with viral antigens. the results indicate that pge1 and pge2 both inhibit the induction of anti-vsv ctls by ultraviolet-inactivated vsv. consistent with the result was the augmentation of anti-vsv ctl activity when vsv-primed spleen cells were cultured in the presence of indomethacin. these results suggest that pgs may modulate anti-vira ...19826281179
structural study of vesicular stomatitis virus g protein in the virion envelope.some structural properties of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) g protein were examined in virions and isolated envelope fragments. we have shown that in the virion a portion of the g protein extends through the lipid envelope and that this part of the molecule can be cleaved by chymotrypsin. envelope fragments isolated from vsv without the use fo detergents maintained the structural characteristics of the g protein found in intact virions. in addition, we provide evidence that at least some ...19826281372
isolation of vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering genomes with different amounts of 5'-terminal complementarity.i isolated at least 30 different vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering (di) genomes, distinguished by chain length, by five independent undiluted passages of a repeatedly cloned virus plaque. labeling of the 3' hydroxyl ends of these di genomes and rnase digestion studies demonstrated that the ends of these di genomes were terminally complementary to different extents (approximately 46 to 200 nucleotides). mapping studies showed that the complementary ends of all of the di genomes wer ...19826281468
inhibition of sindbis virus maturation after treatment of infected cells with trypsin.brief treatment of sindbis virus-infected bhk-21 or vero cells with low concentrations of trypsin irreversibly blocked further production of progeny virions after removal of the enzyme. the inhibitory effects of the trypsin treatment could only be demonstrated in cells in which virus infection was established; optimal inhibition occurred at ca. 3 h postinfection. production of virus structural proteins pe2, e1, and c occurred at normal levels in inhibited cells. pe2 and e1 were also transported ...19826281478
in vitro and in vivo inhibition of primary transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus by a defective interfering particle.a unique defective interfering (di) particle, generated by a heat-resistant (hr) mutant of indiana serotype vesicular stomatitis virus, was capable of inhibiting primary transcription by heterologous new jersey serotype virions. the correlation between this phenomenon and the lowering of viral yields from doubly infected cells was investigated by the construction of chimeric di particles containing the hr di particle genome with a thermolabile polymerase. at the nonpermissive temperature, these ...19826283111
interference among defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus.three defective interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), all derived from the same parental standard san juan strain (indiana serotype), were used in various combinations to infect cells together with the parental virus. the replication of their rna genomes in the presence of other competing genomes was described by the hierarchical sequence: di 0.52 particles greater than di 0.45 particles less than or equal to di-t particles greater than standard vsv. the advantage of on ...19826283114
association of cap-binding protein with eucaryotic initiation factor 3 in initiation factor preparations from uninfected and poliovirus-infected hela cells.extracts from poliovirus-infected hela cells are unable to translate vesicular stomatitis virus or cellular mrnas in vitro, probably reflecting the poliovirus-induced inhibition of host cell protein synthesis which occurs in vivo. crude initiation factors from uninfected hela cells are able to restore translation of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna in infected cell lysates. this restoring activity separates into the 0 to 40% ammonium sulfate fractional precipitate of ribosomal salt wash. restorin ...19826283140
shedding of vesicular stomatitis virus soluble glycoprotein by removal of carboxy-terminal peptide.a comparison of partial nh2-terminal sequences of vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein g (molecular weight, 69,000) and the soluble extracellular glycoprotein antigen gs (molecular weight, 57,000) shows that both of the sequences are identical. tryptic fingerprint analyses show that gs lacks the carboxy-terminal region containing the membrane-anchoring hydrophobic domain of g. these results suggest that gs is formed by cleavage in the carboxy-terminal region of g.19826283151
ns phosphoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus: subspecies separated by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing.the ns protein of vesicular stomatitis virus is the only phosphorylated nucleocapsid protein. the amount of ns phosphorylation appears to regulate the activity of the protein in the transcription of the virus genome. several methods have been used to separate ns subspecies containing different amounts of phosphate, but the relationships among the subspecies separated by different workers have been unclear. we report that the isoelectric points of ns molecules were abnormally acidic in some comme ...19826283155
covalent attachment of psoralen to a single site on vesicular stomatitis virus genome rna blocks expression of viral genes. 19826283731
a membrane glycoprotein that accumulates intracellularly: cellular processing of the large glycoprotein of lacrosse virus.the intracellular transport and certain posttranslational modifications of the large glycoprotein (g1) of lacrosse virus (lac) in bhk cells have been studied. g1 from released lac virus was characterized by complex oligosaccharides (endo h-resistant) and covalently attached fatty acid. only a small fraction of total cellular g1 was present on the baby hamster kidney cell surface. cell-surface g1 contained complex oligosaccharides, while total g1 in infected cells contained largely unprocessed (e ...19826284375
the morphologic pathway of exocytosis of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein in cultured fibroblasts.cultured fibroblasts were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and the pathway of exocytosis of g protein, the transmembrane glycoprotein of vsv, was followed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. g protein was detected within the endoplasmic reticulum, within smooth vesicles and stacks in the golgi region and on the cell surface. no g protein was detected in the coated regions of the golgi. our data are consistent with the hypothesis that coated regions of the golgi are invol ...19826284376
role of macrophage oxidative metabolism in resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus infection.the role of oxygen metabolites in mediating virucidal activity was studied in two cloned macrophage-like cell lines. the parental cell line, j774.16, upon appropriate stimulation with either phorbol myristate acetate (pma) or aggregated immunoglobulin, is induced to oxidize glucose via the hexose monophosphate shunt and produce o2- and h2o2. a variant derived from it, clone c3c, is defective in oxidative metabolism and cannot be stimulated to produce o2- or h2o2. significant differences in yield ...19826284644
altered g-protein glycosylation in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected glucose-deprived baby hamster kidney cells.the glycosylation of the g-protein was analyzed in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected baby hamster kidney cells incubated in the absence of glucose. the results indicate that the g-protein in glucose-starved cells is initially glycosylated from a lipid donor with a glucosylated oligosaccharide which is resistant to endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h and partially susceptible to alpha-mannosidase. with longer times, the protein-bound carbohydrate chain becomes much more sensitive to alpha-manno ...19826284741
contribution of oligosaccharide sulfation to the charge heterogeneity of a viral glycoprotein.the single glycoprotein species of vesicular stomatitis virus exhibits heterogeneity in isoelectric focusing. short term radioisotopic labeling of infected cells revealed that this heterogeneity is acquired after synthesis and glycosylation of the protein, during the period of oligosaccharide processing from the high mannose to the complex form. in this process, radioactive sulfate is incorporated randomly into different glycoprotein molecules, conferring unequal amounts of negative charge upon ...19826284754
autoradiographic detection and characterization of a chinese hamster ovary cell mutant deficient in fucoproteins.autoradiography of colony replicas immobilized on filter paper was used to isolate a chinese hamster ovary cell line deficient in incorporation of radiolabeled fucose into a trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction. this cell line, called 62.1, has the same growth rate at 37 degrees c as wild-type cells, but incorporates five times less fucose into acid-insoluble radioactivity. chemical analysis of fucose bound to macromolecules also showed a fivefold reduction in the mutant. the fucoproteins of ...19826284769
effect of a mutation in the vsv g protein on the synthesis and maturation of nucleocapsids.the tso45 (v) mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) has been used to demonstrate that discrimination between positive (+) and negative (-) strand nucleocapsids in the process of budding mature virions is maintained despite the lack of detectable g protein in either the plasma membrane or the virus membrane. these data indicate that the vsv g protein plays no active role in the discrimination between negative- and positive-strand nucleocapsids which will mature to virions. the synthesis of i ...19826284864
analysis of viral and defective-interfering nucleocapsids in acute and persistent infection by rhabdoviruses.we have isolated and characterized the rna of intracellular virus nucleocapsids recovered from a number of cell cultures persistently infected with rabies virus or vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). vsv persistent infections in bhk21, l cells and aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells generally showed the presence of large amounts of defective-interfering (di) nucleocapsid rna and much smaller amounts of standard (b) nucleocapsid rna. persistent infections of bhk21 cells by two rabies virus strains, c ...19826284869
in vitro reassembly of vesicular stomatitis virus skeletons.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) has been disrupted with nonionic detergent plus 0.5 m nacl under conditions which result in solubilization of the viral glycoprotein (g), matrix protein (m), and lipids, leaving the nucleocapsid in a highly extended state. dialysis of these suspensions to remove nacl was found to result in reassociation of nucleocapsids with m protein. reassociated structures were highly condensed and similar in appearance to "native" vsv skeletons produced by extraction of virio ...19826284961
regulation of protein synthesis in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected mouse l-929 cells by decreased protein synthesis initiation factor 2 activity.infection of mouse l-cell spinner cultures by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) effected the selective translation of viral mrna by 4h after viral adsorption. cell-free systems prepared from mock- and vsv-infected cells reflected this phenomenon; protein synthesis was reduced in the virus-infected cell lysate by approximately 75% compared with the mock-infected (control) lysate. this effect appeared to be specific to protein synthesis initiation since (i) methionine incorporation into protein fro ...19826284970
synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus negative-strand rna in vitro: dependence on viral protein synthesis.an in vitro system is described which supports the synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) negative-strand rna. the major components of this system are (i) an mrna-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate to carry out cell-free protein synthesis, (ii) the five vsv mrnas to program vsv-specific protein synthesis, and (iii) nucleocapsids containing positive- and negative-strand genome-length rna. the protein products synthesized in the system in response to addition of saturating amounts of the ...19826284973
maturation of the envelope glycoproteins of newcastle disease virus on cellular membranes.based on subcellular fractionation data, the following maturation pathways were proposed for the newcastle disease virus glycoproteins. during or shortly after synthesis in rough endoplasmic reticulum, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f0) glycoproteins underwent dolichol pyrophosphate-mediated glycosylation, and hn assumed a partially trypsin-resistant conformation. hn began to associate into disulfide-linked dimers in rough endoplasmic reticulum, and at least one of its oligosacchar ...19826284983
identification and characterization of a group of discrete initiated oligonucleotides transcribed in vitro from the 3' terminus of the n-gene of vesicular stomatitis virus.four triphosphate-initiated oligonucleotides, 11 to 14 bases long, produced by in vitro transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus were identified as the uncapped 5' sequences of n-gene mrna. characterization of these oligonucleotides reveals that they are continually produced stable transcripts that do not remain template bound. under the conditions used, the oligonucleotide transcripts were produced at 8 to 10 times the molar amount of leader, suggesting that the n-gene mrna is internally ini ...19826285003
in vitro synthesis of triphosphate-initiated n-gene mrna oligonucleotides is regulated by the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus.wild-type indiana virus transcribed four 11- to 14-nucleotide-long, 5' n-gene mrna sequences in vitro. the amount of oligonucleotides synthesized relative to leader by wild-type virions varied inversely with the salt concentration of the transcription reaction. reduced oligonucleotide synthesis by nucleocapsids at all salt concentrations tested and a comparison of the proteins remaining bound to the template of nucleocapsids and virions transcribed in different nacl concentrations suggested that ...19826285004
characterization of monospecific antisera against all five vesicular stomatitis virus-specific proteins: anti-l and anti-ns inhibit transcription in vitro. 19826285598
inactivation by gamma irradiation of animal viruses in simulated laboratory effluent.several animal viruses were treated with gamma radiation from a 60co source under conditions which might be found in effluent from an animal disease laboratory. swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and blue-tongue virus were irradiated in tissues from experimentally infected animals. pseudorabies virus, fowl plague virus, swine vesicular disease virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus were irradiated in liquid animal feces. all were tested in animals and in vitro. the d10 val ...19826285822
activation of the virion-associated rna polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus by melittin. 19826285902
linked transcripts of the genes for leader and n message are synthesized in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus. 19826285904
synthesis and assembly of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. 19826286221
cerulenin blocks fatty acid acylation of glycoproteins and inhibits vesicular stomatitis and sindbis virus particle formation.cerulenin, an antibiotic that inhibits de novo fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis, effectively inhibited the formation and release of virus particles from chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with sindbis or vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). when added for 1 h at 3 h postinfection, the antibiotic blocked vsv particle production by 80 to 90% and inhibited incorporation of [3h]palmitic acid into the vsv glycoprotein by an equivalent amount. the effect of this antibiotic on virus protein and rn ...19826286658
h-2l-restricted recognition of viral antigens in the h-2d haplotype, anti-vesicular stomatitis virus cytotoxic t cells are restricted solely by h-2l.h-2d-encoded gene products were analyzed as restriction antigens for anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). cold target competition experiments revealed that vsv recognition was h-2d region-restricted; h-2k-end-restricted recognition of vsv could not be demonstrated. that vsv is not recognized in the context of k-region-encoded gene products is also supported by the observation that h-2dm1 and h-2dm2 mice, strains that contain h-2kd but have an alteration in h-2l an ...19826286837
ultraviolet-irradiated vesicular stomatitis virus and defective-interfering particles are similar non-specific inhibitors of virus infection.the way in which ultraviolet-irradiated vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) inhibits the early events in vsv infection has been further characterized. comparison of several different u.v.-irradiated thermolabile, temperature-sensitive mutants before and after heat inactivation established a requirement for inhibitory activity of functional g, n and l proteins, but not m protein. defective-interfering (di) particles, whether irradiated or not, inhibited vsv primary transcription as efficiently as uv ...19826286855
neuroblastoma cell membranes: specificity for cell fusion mediated by a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus.temperature-sensitive mutant g31 of vesicular stomatitis virus induces mouse neuroblastoma n-18 cells to fuse during infections that are nonpermissive for virus replication, but bhk-21 cells do not undergo the viral glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion. the viral glycoprotein was expressed at the cell surface of both n-18 and bhk-21 cells; therefore, the host cell specificity did not stem from an absence of the viral glycoprotein at the surface of bhk-21 cells. cell fusion readily occurred between ...19826286886
site-specific phosphorylation regulates the transcriptive activity of vesicular stomatitis virus ns protein.in vitro transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids is inhibited by enzymatic dephosphorylation of the ns protein. we provide evidence that specific, partial dephosphorylation of ns molecules is the only detectable change in nucleocapsids treated with bacterial alkaline phosphatase under conditions that prevent the action of adventitious protease. dephosphorylation appeared to affect only the rate of transcription; there were no changes in sedimentation rates of transcripts. to id ...19826286990
in vitro transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus: initiation with gtp at a specific site within the n cistron.in vitro transcripts of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were either 5'-terminally labeled by incorporation of [beta-(32)p]gtp or were selected on hg-agarose after incorporation of gamma-thio-gtp. capped rnas ranged in size from 23 nucleotides, the shortest capped rna detected, to full-length message size. the 5'-terminal sequences corresponded to those of n message and to a small amount of ns message. approximately 14% of the capped n gene transcripts were terminated at positions 86 to 90 of th ...19826286995
rna polymerase-associated interactions near template promoter sequences of defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus.methylation protection studies suggested that the ns protein component of the rna polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus contacts the rna templates of defective interfering (di) particles at the sequence 3'...gucuauuuuuauuuuuggug...5',17 to 37 nucleotides downstream from the site of initiation of in vitro transcription. the data indicated that vesicular stomatitis virus and di particle rnas contain different polymerase binding sequences and that ns may function as a transcription initiator pro ...19826286999
homology between the glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus.we compared the predicted amino acid sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus glycoproteins by using a computer program which provides an optimal alignment and a statistical significance for the match. highly significant homology between these two proteins was detected, including identical positioning of one glycosylation site. a significant homology between the predicted amino acid sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus matrix proteins was also found.19826287013
use of a hybrid infectivity assay to analyze primary transcription of temperature-sensitive mutants of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.a hybrid infectivity assay specific for primary transcription was developed to analyze the production of functional mrnas by vesicular stomatitis virus. a template prepared from wild-type virions of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus was reconstituted with rna polymerase proteins from the wild type or temperature-sensitive mutants, and the in vivo temperature sensitivity of the polymerase was determined by infectivity assay. the data demonstrate that the new jersey temperature ...19826287014
conditions necessary for inhibition of protein synthesis and production of cytopathic effect in aedes albopictus cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus.the relationship between the development of cytopathic effect (cpe) and the inhibition of host macromolecular synthesis was examined in a cpe-susceptible cloned line of aedes albopictus cells after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. to induce rapid and maximal cpe, two conditions were required: (i) presence of serum in the medium and (ii) incubation at 34 degrees c rather than at 28 degrees c. in the absence of serum, incubation of infected cultures at 34 degrees c resulted in a signific ...19826287221
restriction of vesicular stomatitis virus in a nonpermissive rabbit cell line is at the level of protein synthesis. 19826287719
a microtiter test for detecting and titrating noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus.bovine cells free of noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (nc-bvdv) treated with polyriboinosinic acid : polyribocytidylic acid (poly i:c) were protected against challenge with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), whereas nc-bvdv-infected cells treated with poly i:c were not protected against vsv. an assay based on the ability of nc-bvdv to inhibit poly i:c protection of cells against vsv was developed and is herein referred to as pinba (poly i:c for nc-bvdv assay). noncytopathogenic bvdv ...19826287973
physical properties of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus measured by intrinsic fluorescence and aggregation.we have studied the denaturation and renaturation of the purified glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus by using intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and an aggregation assay. our studies were carried out with g containing two complex oligosaccharide chains, with the asialo form of the protein, and for some experiments with g containing altered oligosaccharide structures. fluorescence quenching using acrylamide showed no differences between the native and denatured states of g due to sia ...19826288077
defective interfering particles of respiratory syncytial virus.a multiplicity-dependent interference was observed in respiratory syncytial virus preparations (randall strain) grown in hep-2 cells, and the factor mediating this interference was characterized. cloned virus did not demonstrate this multiplicity-dependent interference, but its replication was shown to be inhibited by the interfering factor by assays of reduction of infectious yield assay, the interferon factor was found to be particulate, to be inactivated by uv irradiation, and not to interfer ...19826288562
intracellular transport of the transmembrane glycoprotein g of vesicular stomatitis virus through the golgi apparatus as visualized by electron microscope radioautography.the intracellular migration of g protein in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells was visualized by light and electron microscope radioautography after a 2-min pulse with [3h]mannose followed by nonradioactive chase for various intervals. the radioactivity initially (at 5-10 min) appeared predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the [3h]mannose-labeled g protein produced was sensitive to endoglycosidase h. silver grains were subsequently (at 30-40 min) observed over the golgi apparatu ...19826288738
pathway of vesicular stomatitis virus entry leading to infection. 19826288961
the effect of the vesicular stomatitis virus-associated protein kinase on viral mrna transcription in vitro. 19826289523
varied responses of human b-lymphoblastoid cell lines to infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. 19826289524
cellular response to rabies virus infection.the effects of rabies virus on host cells were studied and compared to those obtained with another rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus [j. virol. 34, 777-781 (1980)]. we show here: (1) that rabies infection has no effect on cell morphology, while infection with vesicular stomatitis virus caused cell retraction. thus, only vesicular stomatitis virus induced a depolymerization of the microfilaments; and (2) that microtubules and microfilaments do not play a major role in rabies virus productio ...19826290135
t-cell regulation of pokeweed-mitogen-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin production in mice. iii. role of lyt 1+2- non-helper t cells in the suppression.a large number of cells which can replicate vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were generated in pokeweed mitogen (pwm)-stimulated cultures of normal mouse spleen cells. the optimal dose of pwm for the generation of vsv-replicating cells was within the range 25 and 50 micrograms/ml, which had previously been shown to be optimal for the induction of suppressor cells. the vsv-replicating cells in this system were shown to be thy 1+ and lyt 1+2-. these cells, however, were unlikely to be helper t cel ...19826290381
inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein expression by chloroquine.addition of 50 micrograms/ml chloroquine to neuroblastoma cells 1 h before infection with temperature-sensitive mutant ts g31 (iii) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) prevented virus-induced cell fusion from occurring. interestingly, addition of chloroquine after infection still inhibited cell fusion. based on the number of fusion events required to produce the polykaryocytes observed, cell fusion was inhibited 92% when chloroquine was added 1 h post-infection and 77% when chloroquine was added ...19826290597
hydrocephalus in weanling mice induced by a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus.hydrocephalus developed in weanling swiss-webster mice after intracerebral (ic) inoculation of a naturally selected temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). this spontaneous ts mutant was isolated from a persistent infection (pi) of mouse l cells with vsv, and named vsv-tspi 364 (complementation group i). high doses of the mutant virus induced hydrocephalus in 87% of the mice. infected mice were clinically asymptomatic, except for a few with transient hind-limb para ...19826290612
rapid and transient localization of the leader rna of vesicular stomatitis virus in the nuclei of infected cells.the leader rna transcript from the 3' end of the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) has been detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. in the cytoplasm, leader rna accumulated gradually throughout the infection to about 200 molecules per cell at 6 hr after infection. in the nucleus, however, there was a sharp and rapid increase in the concentration of leader rna to approximately equal to 300 molecules per cell at about 2 hr after infection th ...19826291035
expression from cloned cdna of cell-surface secreted forms of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus in eucaryotic cells.a cdna clone of the mrna encoding the glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus was inserted into plasmid vectors under the control of either the sv40 early promoter (psv2g) or the sv40 late promoter (psvgl). synthesis of g protein was observed in mouse l cells injected with psv2g dna or in cos1 cells transfected with psvgl dna. immunofluorescent staining of g protein produced in both cell types showed a pattern of internal and cell-surface staining indistinguishable from that seen in cells ...19826291783
comparison of the oligosaccharide structure of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus and a thermolabile mutant (tl-17).as a means of examining the extent to which the polypeptide structure of a virus glycoprotein contributes to the overall structure and composition of the carbohydrate moieties, we have made a detailed comparison of the structure of the oligosaccharide moieties of wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein with those of a glycoprotein-defective mutant of vsv, tl-17 (vsv). characterization of the oligosaccharides by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography after sequential enzym ...19826292339
a mutant standard virus isolated from vesicular stomatitis virus persistent infection interferes specifically with wild-type virus replication.a clone of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) isolated after 76 months of persistence exerts specific homologous interference with replication of wild-type or tsg31 (temperature-sensitive) virus in a mixed infection at 37 degrees c in the absence of defective-interfering particles. other vsv ts mutants showed little or no specific interfering ability.19826292356
saturable binding sites for vesicular stomatitis virus on the surface of vero cells.the binding of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) to vero monkey cells was studied by using virus metabolically labeled with [35s]methionine. under conditions where viral uptake did not occur (4 degrees c), apparent binding equilibrium was achieved within 12 h at a level representing 12% of the input virus. two distinct forms of virus-cell interaction were found. at low concentrations of vsv, corresponding to multiplicities used for tissue culture studies, saturable binding was the major form of i ...19826292466
novel phenotype of rna synthesis expressed by vesicular stomatitis virus isolated from persistent infection.vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) stocks isolated from two persistently infected mouse l-cell lines (designated vsv-pi stocks) express an altered phenotype of rna synthesis. this phenotype is different from the rna synthesis phenotype expressed by the viruses used to initiate the persistently infected lines, wild-type vsv and vsv ts-0-23 (a group iii, ts-, rna+ mutant). at 34 and 37 degrees c in l cells productively infected with vsv-pi stocks derived from the two cell lines, transcription of vir ...19826292483
sequential synthesis of 5'-proximal vesicular stomatitis virus mrna sequences.we examined the kinetics of synthesis in vitro of the 5' ends of the vesicular stomatitis virus mrnas by analysis of specific rnase t1 oligonucleotides located near the 5' ends of the mrnas. our results indicate that, like synthesis of full-length mrnas, the 5' ends of the mrnas are synthesized sequentially, following the gene order n, ns, and m. additional experiments with uv-irradiated virus demonstrated that synthesis of the mrna regions containing these oligonucleotides is dependent on synth ...19826292497
frequent intragenic transcription termination within the n gene of vesicular stomatitis virus. 19826293173
production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the n protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (indiana serotype). 19826293185
characterization of the electrophoretic mobility mutation in the n protein of the tsd1 mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype.some isolates of the temperature sensitive mutant tsd1 of complementation group d of vesicular stomatitis virus of new jersey serotype have a nucleocapsid (n) protein which shows an increased electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) when compared with wild type. utilizing techniques involving specific chemical cleavage at tryptophan or methionine residues, as well as enzymatic cleavage with carboxypeptidases a and b, we have determined tha ...19826293685
assembly of vesicular stomatitis virus: distribution of the glycoprotein on the surface of infected cells.this study demonstrates that the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus clusters in the plasma membrane of infected chinese hamster lung cells during morphogenesis and suggests that viral nucleocapsids are required for this clustering. a mutant virus (ts e-1) which is temperature sensitive for the synthesis of viral nucleocapsids but not viral membrane proteins was used. the surface distribution of the viral glycoprotein in cells infected by this virus was determined by a specific indirect i ...19826294321
translational control of vesicular stomatitis virus protein synthesis: isolation of an mrna-sequestering particle.an mrna-ribonucleoprotein particle (mrnp) was found in vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-infected chinese hamster ovary cells. the particle was present 3 and 4.5 h after infection but was barely discernible at 2 h. the mrnp (buoyant density, 1.56 g/cm3), which cosedimented with viral nucleocapsid in a sucrose density gradient at approximately 120 to 160s, was separable from nucleocapsid (buoyant density, 1.31 g/cm3) by cscl density gradient centrifugation. it contained all five vsv mrnas and, alm ...19826294340
effect of interferon on the production of hbsag and induction of an antiviral state in human hepatoma cell line plc/prf/5.the effects of human alpha and beta interferons (ifn) on the production of hbsag by plc/prf/5 cells, an hbsag-producing human hepatoma cell line, were studied in the exponential and stationary phases of cell growth. when exponential phase cells were treated with 100 or 1,000 u of ifn per ml for 48 hr. the amount of hbsag in the culture medium decreased. the number of cells and the synthesis of dna and proteins were also reduced by the ifn treatment. these results suggested that ifn did not affe ...19826294485
protein synthesis in lysates of aedes albopictus cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus.aedes albopictus cells (clone lt-c7) showed a marked cytopathic effect and inhibition of protein synthesis (both host and viral) after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), but only if (i) cultures were incubated at 34 degrees c rather than 28 degrees c and (ii) serum was present in the medium (s. gillies and v. stollar, mol. cell. biol. 2:66-75, 1982). to learn more about how protein synthesis is shut off in vsv-infected a. albopictus cells, we have compared cell-free protein synthes ...19826294498
synthesis in vitro of full length genomic rna and assembly of the nucleocapsid of vesicular stomatitis virus in a coupled transcription-translation system.synthesis of a small amount of 42s rna in addition to the vsv specific mrna species was observed in a coupled transcription-translation system containing ribonucleoprotein particles from l cell infected with vesicular stomatitis virus and nuclease-treated ribosomal extract obtained from uninfected hela cells. analysis on a cscl density gradient showed that the synthesized 42s rna was associated with newly synthesized by protein as a nucleoprotein of bouyant density of 1.3 g/ml. the 42s rna and t ...19826294600
sequence signal involved in the generation of an internally deleted defective interfering rna from vesicular stomatitis virus.we have determined the nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) polymerase or l gene and compared it to that obtained from a defective interfering particle (di) rna generated by this virus. the latter (di 0.50) contains a large internal deletion within this gene. the deletion begins exactly 253 residues from the transcription start of the gene and extends to approximately 300 bases from the 5' end of the standard rna genome. the flanking sequences bear no homolog ...19826294620
carbohydrate heterogeneity of vesicular stomatitis virus g glycoprotein allows localization of the defect in a glycosylation mutant of cho cells. 19826295280
[initiation of rna synthesis by the encephalomyocarditis virus in a cell-free system and the possible participation of vpg protein in this process]. 19826295728
the plus-strand leader rna of vsv inhibits dna-dependent transcription of adenovirus and sv40 genes in a soluble whole-cell extract.in an attempt to determine the mechanism (or mechanisms) by which vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) kills cells, products of vsv transcription were tested in a cell-free system for their capacity to inhibit transcription of sv40 dna and plasmids containing adenovirus late promoter and adenovirus-associated rna genes. vsv rna transcripts and other rnas were compared for their capacity to suppress transcription of these dna templates by rna polymerases and cofactors present in the hela-cell extract ...19826277509
a rapid procedure for the production and purification of vesicular stomatitis virus.ehrlich ascites tumour(eat) cells were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) within the peritoneal cavity of mice and used to prepare milligram quanities of purified virus. the protein pattern, endogenous transcriptase activity, and specific infectivity of this virus were comparable to viral preparations from hela and bhk cells. a total of 2-4 x 10(11) p.f.u. of vsv were obtained routinely from one mouse. the initial high concentration of vsv grown in eat cells in the peritoneal cavity ...19826185519
interferon inhibits establishment of fibroblast infection with avian retroviruses.pretreatment of chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) with low doses of homologous interferon (16 u/ml) drastically inhibits cell transformation by, and replication of rous sarcoma virus (rsv). treatment of chick cells with 16 u/ml of interferon before de novo infection with a transformation defective (td) mutant-rsv, also resulted in a reduction of extracellular virus particles. this was determined by infectivity titrations, virus associated reverse transcriptase (rt) activity and measurement of metab ...19826180104
the interactionof antiody with the major surface glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. i. analysis of neutralizing epitopes with monoclonal antibodies. 19826180550
the interaction of antibody with the major surface glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. ii. monoclonal antibodies of nonneutralizing and cross-reactive epitopes of indiana and new jersey serotypes. 19826180551
effect of cyclic amp and cyclic gmp on the activity of interferon against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and vesicular stomatitis virus.the antiviral action of interferon (ifn) on herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2, and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was examined with respect to the intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) in human fibroblast (hf) cultures. interferon by itself increased the intracellular levels of camp, but had no effect on the cgmp levels. inoculation of hf with hsv, however, decreased the camp levels. also, hsv inoculation elevated the cgm ...19826180707
mediators of protection against lethal systemic vesicular stomatitis virus infection in hamsters: defective interfering particles, polyinosinate-polycytidylate, and interferon.homologous defective interfering (di) particles protected adult syrian hamsters against lethal systemic infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotype indiana. the di particles had to be biologically active, but did not have to be administered at the same inoculation site as the infectious virus. serum and tissue levels of vsv postinoculation were significantly lower in di-protected animals than in unprotected controls, suggesting that true autointerference was occurring. however, some ...19826180986
microinjection of interferon and 2',5'-oligoadenylate into mouse l cells and their effects on virus growth.by means of a new type of microinjection apparatus, which has a micropipette located in a hole through the optical axis of the condenser lens, we injected interferon (ifn) or 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a) into mouse l cells, and observed their antiviral effects on the multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). after injection, cells were infected with vsv, and labeled with [3h]uridine in the presence of actinomycin d. the proportion of cells infected with vsv which carried radioactive vir ...19826181054
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