Publications

transcription terminators in lambda. appendix. deletion of control sites in the pl operon of phage lambda.		1978	18627879
erratum.	in the report by k. denniston-thompson et al., entitled "physical structure of the replication origin of bacteriophage lambda" (9 december 1977, pp. 1051-1056), the t.a base pair at position 1426 (fig. 6) should be an a.t base pair; also the position of the g.c base pair affected by the til2 mutation should be 1453 rather than 1451.	1978	17840776
characterization of density gradients prepared by freezing and thawing a sucrose solution.	density gradients of sucrose can be prepared in large numbers by successive freezing and thawing of sucrose solutions. gradients of other solute molecules, such as salt and detergents, also form and this could affect subsequent sedimentation behavior of some molecules. however, the sedimentation behavior of native and denatured dna of bacteriophage lambda was essentially isokinetic under the conditions used thus making these gradients comparable with ones prepared manually, at least for preparat ...	1978	9762116
reca-mediated recombination of bacteriophage lambda: structure of recombinant and intermediate dna molecules and their packaging in vitro.		1979	158456
site-specific recombination in bacteriophage lambda: structural features of recombining sites.		1979	158462
integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda: in vitro study of the intermolecular reaction.		1979	158463
site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda: the role of host gene products.		1979	158465
regulatory structure of the insertion region of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	158466
heteroduplex regions in unduplicated bacteriophage lambda recombinants.		1979	158480
[new transducing phage with rna polymerase beta- and beta'-subunit genes derived from a hybrid phage lambda att80: isolation, genetic analysis and physical mapping].	a hybrid lambda att 80 phage with the genetic structure lambda (a-j) phi 80 (att-int-xis) imm lambda..ci857s7 is shown to be a convenient vector for creating transducing phages. on the one hand, the restriction analysis indicates that it has 3 restriction sites for ecori in comparison with 5 and 9 sites for parental phages lambda and phi 80 respectively. on the other hand, its buoyant density is less than that of phage lambda and under centrifugation it is easier separated from the phage transdu ...	1979	158560
electron microscopic analysis of transcription: mapping of initiation sites and direction of transcription.	an electron microscope technique is described that allows rapid characterization of transcription in vitro. dna is transcribed with escherichia coli rna polymerase in vitro, and the rna is hybridized to its template. measurement of the resulting transcription r-loop molecules allows accurate mapping of transcription initiation sites (promoter sites) and analysis of the direction and rate of transcription and the level of transcription from each initiation site. the two major early promoters pr a ...	1979	158757
the rat serum albumin gene: analysis of cloned sequences.	the rat serum albumin gene has been isolated from a recombinant library containing the entire rat genome cloned in the lambda phage charon 4a. preliminary r-loop and restriction analysis has revealed that this gene is split into at least 14 fragments (exons) by 13 intervening sequences (introns), and that it occupies a minimum of 14.5 kilobases of genomic dna.	1979	158758
interaction of int protein with specific sites on lambda att dna.	we have studied the interaction of highly purified int protein with dna restriction fragments from the lambda phage attachment site (attp) region. two different dna sequences are protected by bound int protein against partial digestion by either pancreatic dnaase or neocarzinostatin. one int binding site includes the 15 bp common core sequence (the crossover region for site-specific recombination) plus several bases of sequence adjoining the core in both the p and p' arms. the second int-protect ...	1979	159130
[characteristics of bacteriophage lambda and p1 modification-restriction in escherichia coli strains controlled by factor r124].	the specifities of restriction of bacteriophages p1 and lambda controlled by r plasmids in escherichia coli have been investigated. the isogenic strains harbouring the plasmids pas26 coding for restriction endonuclease r.ecori, r245 coding for restriction endonuclease r.ecorii and and r124 have been investigated in the present work. modification-restriction controlled by r124 has been found to differ in specificity from those controlled by r245 and pas26. frequencies of restriction of bacterioph ...	1979	159204
escherichia coli rna polymerase binding and initiation of transcription on fragments of lambda rifd 18 dna containing promoters for lambda genes and for rrnb, tufb, rplc,a, rplj,l, and rpob,c genes.	promoters of genes for bacteriophage lambda and for escherichia coli ribosomal rna (rrnb), elongation factor tu (tufb), ribosomal proteins l11 (rplk), l1 (rpla), l10 (rplj), and l7/l12 (rpll), and rna polymerase subunits beta (rpob) and beta' (rpoc) were studied by use of two types of filter binding assays which measured e. coli rna polymerase binding and initiation of transcription on restriction fragments of lambda rifd 18 dna. the dna fragments selectively retained on filters were eluted, con ...	1979	159206
location of a cole1 deoxyribonucleic acid region that affects the plaque-forming ability of lambda-cole1 hybrid bacteriophage.	the plaque-forming ability of a hybrid phage between plasmidcole1 and phage lambda carrying amber mutations in genes o and p was inhibited by the presence of cole1 in suppressor-deficient escherichia coli cells. cole1 deoxyribonucleic acid regions concerned with this inhibition were examined by using various deletion and transposon insertion derivatives of cole1, and it was found that the presence of the deoxyribonucleic acid region extending between 420 and 613 base pairs upstream from the init ...	1979	159288
lambda transducing bacteriophage carrying deletions of the argcbh-rpobc region of the escherichia coli chromosome.	deletions in the rpobc region have been transferred to phage lambda and characterized in detail by genetic, structural, and functional tests. we thus extend and confirm knowledge of the organization of this part of the chromosome. the new phages are useful tools for studying the genes for the bacterial transcription and translation machinery.	1979	159290
mutants of escherichia coli that do not contain 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) or spermidine.	strains of escherichia coli k12 have been constructed which do not contain any of the polyamines normally present in a wild type strain, namely, 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) and spermidine. this phenotype arises as a consequence of the assembly into these strains of deletion mutations in spea (arginine decarboxylase), speb (agmatine ureohydrolase), spec (ornithine decarboxylase), and sped (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase). the polyamine-deficient strains grow indefinitely in the absence of po ...	1979	159306
[the use of bacteriophage lambda fragments in the construction of plasmid vectors for gene cloning. included: restriction map of lambda dna (author's transl)].		1979	159438
interactions between dna-bound repressors govern regulation by the lambda phage repressor.	the lambda phage repressor binds cooperatively to the three sites in the right operator (o(r)) according to the following pattern. if the dna is wild type, o(r)1 and o(r)2 are filled coordinately because of interactions between repressor dimers bound to these two sites. site o(r)3 is filled only at higher repressor concentrations. in contrast, if o(r)1 is mutant, o(r)2 and o(r)3 are filled coordinately because of interactions between repressors bound to these sites. in this case, the affinity of ...	1979	159452
cloning of the structural gene (ompa) for an integral outer membrane protein of escherichia coli k-12.	the gene (ompa) for the major outer membrane protein ii* from escherichia coli k-12 has been cloned on a 5-megadalton ecori fragment by using phage lambda as vector. the gene is expressed during the lytic cycle of the recombinant phage and the insoluble membrane-bound protein was detected in phage plaques with a simple radioimmunoassay. transfer of the ecori fragment into plasmid psc101 and expression in a host lacking protein ii* led to overproduction of protein ii* and decreased production of ...	1979	159455
cloning of integrated moloney sarcoma proviral dna sequences in bacteriophage lambda.	we have identified integrated proviral dna sequences of m1 and ht-1 isolates of moloney sarcoma virus (musv) in ecori digests of transformed mink cell genomic dna and have cloned these fragments in bacteriophage lambda. both the lambda-ht1 phage recombinant, containing a 12.3-kilobase musv pair (kb) fragment, and the lambda-m1 phage recombinant, containing a 7.0-kb fragment, possess full copies of the sarcoma viruses along with 5' and 3' host flanking sequences. the musv proviral dna sequences, ...	1979	159456
transcription promotes reca-independent recombination mediated by dna-dependent rna polymerase in escherichia coli.	the rpo-mediated recombination of phage lambda takes place independently of the reca function and is promoted by dna-dependent rna polymerase of escherichia coli [ikeda, h. & kobayashi, i. (1977) proc. natl. acad sci. usa 74, 3932--3936]. the crossovers were particularly frequent to the ciii-n and n-cii regions which are transcribed actively. to determine whether the transcription process required for the recombination is the initiation step or the chain elongation step, we have examined the eff ...	1979	159459
sigma subunit of escherichia coli rna polymerase affects the function of lambda n gene.	a new class of escherichia coli mutants, referred to as grn, has been isolated by localized mutagenesis. these mutations affect the sigma subunit of dna-dependent rna polymerase (ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate:rna nucleotidyltransferase, ec 2.7.7.6) by abolishing the expression of the lambda n gene, and they are closely lniked to dnag in the order dnag-grn-uxaa. detailed study of one such mutant, grn1, yielded the following results: (i) grn1 is a single mutation and the mutant cell shows cold-se ...	1979	159460
clustering of prm- mutations of bacteriophage lambda in the region between 33 and 40 nucleotides from the cl transcription start point.		1979	159558
stimulation of t of function and pl-proximal transcription by the n gene product of coliphage lambda.		1979	159559
control of rightward transcription in coliphage lambda by the regulatory functions of phage genes n and cro.		1979	159560
dna without supertwists can be an in vitro substrate for site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	159956
orientation-dependent recombination hotspot activity in bacteriophage lambda.		1979	159958
in vivo methylation of bacteriophage phi x174 dna.	a mutant (designated mec(-)) has been isolated from escherichia coli c which has lost dna-cytosine methylase activity and the ability to protect phage lambda against in vivo restriction by the rii endonuclease. this situation is analogous to that observed with an e. coli k-12 mec(-) mutant; thus, the e. coli c methylase appears to have overlapping sequence specificity with the k-12 and rii enzymes; (the latter methylases have been shown previously to recognize the same sequence). covalently clos ...	1979	159962
uvm mutants of escherichia coli k12 deficient in uv mutagenesis. ii. further evidence for a novel function in error-prone repair.	uvm mutants of escherichia coli k12 selected for defective uv reversion induction have previously been reported to differ considerably from the uv-reversion-less reca and lexa mutants with regard to survival or mutagenic response to uv, x-rays and alkylating agents. in the present study, the phenotypic characterization of uvm mutants was extended to investigate several cellular processes which also may be related to or involved in uv mutagenesis. like reca and lexa mutations, the uvm mutations e ...	1979	160001
nucleotide sequence of a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda on the escherichia coli chromosome.	the nucleotide sequence of a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda was determined in a region near the rrnb gene at 88 min on the e. coli chromosome. the sequence has a 8 base pair interrupted homology gct tttta to the common core of the primary attachment site (attb) and the corresponding phage sequence (attp). the site of crossover during integration lies probably between nucleotides -3 and +1. the flanking regions have no obvious homology to the arms of either attp or attb.	1979	160033
differential modes of processing and decay for the major n-dependent rna transcript of coliphage lambda.		1979	160127
specificity of the bacteriophage lambda n gene product (pn): nut sequences are necessary and sufficient for antitermination by pn.	we have cloned the nutr site together with the tr1 site of bacteriophage lambda in the e. coli galactose operon to examine whether the lambda promoter sequences pr and pl are involved in the recognition specificity of the lambda n gene product (pn). we first constructed a derivative of plasmid pbr322 in which the expression of the tetracycline genes (tet) is controlled by the gal promoter (pgal). this new plasmid contains a unique hind iii site between pgal and tet into which the nutr and tr1 si ...	1979	160286
a rightward promoter to the left of the att site of lambda phage dna: possible participant in site-specific recombination.	the binding has been studied of escherichia coli rna-polymerase to the fragments of lambda dna obtained by digestion with restriction endonucleases bsui, hindiii, bamhi, ecori and hindii + iii. there are at least six sites of rna-polymerase binding in the b2-region. in vitro transcription of those bsui-fragments of the b2-region which contain six binding sites is rightward. therefore, the fragments contain promoters rather than mere rna-polymerase binding sites. one of the promoters of the b2 re ...	1979	160359
a comprehensive molecular map of bacteriophage lambda.	physical and genetic mapping of deletion mutations has been correlated with the available molecular sizes of the lambda gene products and the dna base sequence to construct a comprehensive molecular map of the phage lambda genome. the physical length of the dna making up the left arm from the cos site through gene j is not sufficient to account in a nonoverlapping manner for all the proteins of the sizes reported to be coded, especially in the nu1--c region. in the right arm all the coding capac ...	1979	160360
transposition mutagenesis of bacteriophage lambda: a new gene affecting cell lysis.		1979	160463
loss of rac locus dna in merozygotes of escherichia coli k12.	dna-dna hybridization was used to demonstrate that the substituted dna in the bacteriophage lambda rece (formerly called lambda reverse) is homologous to dna at the rac locus in escherichia coli. strains that are rac- do not contain appreciable amounts of this dna, and it is lost from a rac+ episome (f' 123) after transmission to a rac- recipient. this is consistent with the proposal that the rac locus contains a cryptic prophage (low, 1973).	1979	160489
transcription and membrane attachment of bacteriophage lambda dna in the absence of n function in the e. coli sua 1 mutant.	in the polarity suppressor strain psua 1, we observe a partial n independence of both transcription and dna-membrane attachment for a lambda nn mutant. these results, in agreement with the genetical data reported by dambly et al. (1976), suggest that the n product and rho factor are involved in the same process but may not interact directly.	1979	160492
gene expression of an escherichia coli ribosomal rna promoter fused to structural genes of the galactose operon.	the promoter region of the rrnb ribosomal rna gene of escherichia coli has been ligated within the epimerase gene (gale) of the galactose operon in a lambda phage vector. the recombinant lambda phage has been characterized by restriction mapping and assays of both galk (galactokinase) gene activity and galactose messenger rna hybridization. in such lyosgens, expression of the fused galactose operon occurs as a function of growth rate in a manner characteristic of ribosomal rna gene expression an ...	1979	160557
dna from recombinogenic lambda bacteriophages generated by arl mutant of escherichia coli is cleaved by single-strand-specific endonuclease s1.	when propagated on arl strains (a subclass of escherichia coli hyper-rec mutants), lambda "red-" duplication phages accumulated an enhanced potential for recombination. the physical properties of the recombinogenic phages thus obtained ("arl-" phages) were similar to those of phages grown on arl+ bacteria. however, arl- phage dna was cleaved by endonuclease s1 under conditions such that the nuclease is specific for single-stranded dna;dna from control phages was s1-resistant. the number of s1 si ...	1979	160560
dna-directed in vitro synthesis of proteins involved in bacterial transcription and translation.	the in vitro synthesis of elongation factor (ef)-tu (tufb), the beta beta' subunits of rna polymerase, ribosomal proteins l10 and l12 directed by dna from the transducing phage lambda rifd 18, ef-tu (tufa), ef-g, and the alpha subunit of rna polymerase directed by dna from the transducing phage lambda fus3 has been investigated in a crude and a partially defined protein-synthesizing system. proteins l10 and l12 are synthesized in the partially defined system almost as well as in the crude system ...	1979	160561
effect of experimental magnetic storm on the production of lambda phage.	1. sharp fluctuation of the intensity of the vertical component of the mf amounting to +/- 0.1 oe changing the sign over each 3 min causes variability of both lysogenic and indicator strains of e. coli. this testifies to an extremely low threshold of their magnetic susceptibility and to biological importance of fluctuations of natural parameters of the geomagnetic field as an ecological factor of the environment. 2. a change in the intensity of the vertical component of the mf, not any higher th ...	1979	160920
the fate of phage lambda dna in lambda-infected minicells.	the fate of phage lambda dna in lambda-infected escherichia coli minicells harboring the plasmid cole1, and in plasmid-free minicells, were studied. binding of lambda dna to the minicell membrane, and formation of the supercoiled covalently-closed circular structure has been demonstrated. phage infection abolishes plasmid dna synthesis. only a very slight, non-replicative lambda dna synthesis occurs, soon after infection. this synthesis is associated with fragments of lambda dna arising during, ...	1979	161175
some properties of site-specific and general recombination inferred from int-initiated exchanges by bacteriophage lambda.	the site-specific recombination at the attachment site for prophage integration might proceed by two general mechanisms: (1) a concerted reaction without a free intermediate; (2) a sequential mechanism differing from typical general recombination only by an inability of the cross-strand intermediate structure to migrate into the region of nonhomology adjacent to the attachment site. the blocked-migration model predicts frequent genetic exchange in the int xis region near the attachment site if i ...	1979	161242
a simple technique for the isolation of deletion mutants of phage lambda.	we describe a simple technique for isolating deletion mutants of phage lambda and use it to dissect a cloned fragment of foreign dna. the technique is based on our previous finding that the normally essential product of lambda head gene d is dispensible for phage growth if the dna content of the phage is less than 82% that of lambda wild-type (sternberg and weisberg, 1977). a significant fraction of the few phage that form plaques when a d amber mutant is plated on a nonsuppressing host contains ...	1979	161244
convergent transcription in bacteriophage lambda: interference with gene expression.		1979	161329
structural studies of bacteriophage lambda heads and proheads by small angle x-ray diffraction.		1979	161330
w reactivation is inefficient in repair of the bacterial chromosome.	uv-inducible "sos" processes associated with w reactivation of phage lambda were studied for their effect on repair of lambda prophage integrated in the bacterial chromosome. for this purpose, lambda c1857 ind red-lysogens were used. these lysogens, although non-inducible by uv light, can be induced by raising the temperature from 30 degrees to 42 degrees. if the w reactivation processes are involved in repair of the bacterial dna, when the lysogens are incubated at 30 degrees after uv exposure ...	1979	161343
bacteriophage lambda-e. coli k12 vector-host system for gene cloning and expression under lactose promoter control: i. dna fragment insertion at the lacz ecori restriction site.	bacteriophage lambda vectors, derived from lambda plac5 were constructed. their genomes have only one ecori restriction site, located near the end of the beta-galactosidase gene. recombinants, constructed in vitro, having a dna fragment inserted in the ecori site, are lac- and can be easily recognized. expression of such foreign genes is then under the control of the lac promoter. mutations qam73 and sam7 greatly increase the amount of beta-galactosidase synthesized by the vector bacteriophage. ...	1979	107392
bacteriophage lambda-e. coli k12 vector-host system for gene cloning and expression under lactose promoter control. ii. dna fragment insertion at the vicinity of the lac uv5 promoter.	bacteriophage vectors derived from lambda plac5 have been constructed. their genomes have one ecori restriction site which is located at the very beginning of the lac z gene. the major part of this gene was deleted by an in vivo intramolecular recombination. these vectors allow the fusion of a gene or an operon with the beginning of the lac z gene, placing them under the control of the lac promoter, which carries the uv5 mutation. some of these vectors (lambda y) also include the lac y gene and ...	1979	107393
[construction of derivatives of lambda phage carrying the lamb gene inserted downstream from the promotors of the lactose operon].	the expression of gene lamb, the structural gene for the lambda receptor in e. coli k-12, has been put under the control of the promoter of the lactose operon. this has been done by in vitro recombination using vectors which are derivatives of phage lambda.	1979	111820
genetic mapping of the region c of the bacteriophage g101 (pseudomonas aeruginosa).	morphological mutants of the c type of the bacteriophage g101 (pseudomonas aeruginosa) were isolated after mutagenesis with hydroxylamine. complementation analysis of 27 c mutants showed that the c region is formed by at least two genes. two types of c mutants were obtained. one of them (ci26) behaves analogously to a mutant in the gene controlling the synthesis of the repressor of phage lambda. the second type of the c mutants (cii1, cii18) specifies a gene having probably an auxiliary function ...	1979	112014
the separation of phage promoter from bacterial lac promoter for beta-galactosidase expression in transducing phage lambda plac5.		1979	113008
cloning of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes from mouse liver and myeloma mopc 173.	the organization of the kappa chain constant region gene was compared in dna from an immunoglobulin-producing mouse myeloma (mopc 173) and from liver. in situ hybridization using the southern blotting technique revealed constant region gene-containing ecori-dna fragments of 14 and 20 kb in the myeloma tissue whereas one ecori-dna fragment with a length of 15 kb was found in liver dna. after enrichment by rpc-5 chromatography and preparative electrophoresis the 14 kb fragment from mopc 173 dna an ...	1979	113775
cloning immunoglobulin gamma 2b chain gene of mouse: characterization and partial sequence determination.	dna from newborn mice was digested with restriction endonuclease ecori, and a 6.6-kilobase fragment encoding immunoglobulin gamma 2b chain mrna derived from mpc 11 myeloma was enriched about 100-fold by rpc-5 column chromatography and agarose gell electrophoresis. the 6.6-kilobase fragment was cloned with lambda gt wes.lambda b as ek2 vector. the cloned phage (lambda wes.igh22) contained the constant region gene of the gamma 2b chain but not the variable region gene of mpc 11 mrna. the constant ...	1979	116231
cloned pairs of variable region genes for immunoglobulin heavy chains isolated from a clone library of the entire mouse genome.	to investigate the organization of immunoglobulin genes, we have constructed a clone library containing 10(6) randomly generated fragments of mouse embryo dna, corresponding to eight equivalents of the genome. the cloning method involved methylation of embryo dna at ecori recognition sites, partial digestion by ecori* endonclease activity, and direct ligation of the resulting large fragments to the lambda phage vector charon 4a. the library was searched for sequences homologous to a cloned compl ...	1979	116236
specialized transducing phage lambda carrying the genes for coupling factor of oxidative phosphorylation of escherichia coli: increased synthesis of coupling factor on induction of prophage lambda asn.	studies were made of the synthesis of the coupling factor complex (f1--f0) of oxidative phosphorylation after prophage induction of a set of escherichia coli strains lysogenic for defective transducing phage lambda asn, lambda unca, or lambda bglc. the transducing phages had been isolated from a strain of e. coli carrying prophage lambda ci857 s7 within the bglb gene located near the unc gene cluster [miki, t., hiraga, s., nagata, t. & yura, t. (1978) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 75, 5099--5103]. ...	1979	155817
positive and negative control of bacteriophage lambda dna replication.		1979	157833
functional analysis of the replicator structure of lambdoid bacteriophage dnas.	in our hybrid-plasmid reconstruction analysis of lambda (lambdoid) dna signal structures involved in phage dna replication, we have detected a dual system alternatingly able to initiate a first primer-rna synthesis. both of them--the major, primase-dependent ori system and the minor and usually suppressed, rna-polymerase-dependent oop system--act in conjunction with a common signal structure for inception of dna synthesis. it appears that in situations such as this, where one has to deal with th ...	1979	157835
[hybrid plasmid psd1 containing the immunity region of bacteriophage lambda].	hybrid plasmid psd1 carrying the immunity region of the coliphage lambda and bio operon have been obtained by means of studying the efficiency of transcription dna fragments in the plasmid rsf2124. the molecular weight of this plasmid is 17.2 md. the growth inhibition of phage lambdavir has been observed in cells carrying the new hybrid plasma. the properties of the plasmid psd1 and probable reasons of the growth inhibition of phage lambdavir are discussed. the hybrid plasmid psd2 carrying genes ...	1979	157906
construction and analysis of recombinant lambda phages containing mitochondrial dna fragments.	rat mtdna has a molecular length of about 16 kilobase (kb) pairs and is cleaved into seven fragments by restriction endonuclease ecori. these fragments were cloned in escherichia coli k-12 host using lambda gtwes.lambda b' (lambda gtwes.lambda b, for short, in this paper) as a vector. recombinant dnas containing one or a few fragments of the mtdna were transfected to cacl2-treated e. coli, and the plaques containing specific recombinant phages were selected. dna amplified in the recombinanat pha ...	1979	157910
lambda bacteriophage-mediated transduction of cole1 deoxyribonucleic acid having a lambda bacteriophage-cohesive end site: selection of packageable-length deoxyribonucleic acid.	an in vitro recombinant cole1-cos lambda deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) molecule, pky96, has 70% of the length of lambda phage dna. the process of lambda phage-mediated transduction of pky96 generated a small amount of transducing phage particles containing cole1-cos lambda dna molecules of 80 or 101% of the length of lambda phage dna, in addition to those containing original pky96 dna molecules. the newly isolated larger plasmid dnas were transduced 100 times more efficiently than pky96 dna. their ...	1979	158007
studies on stringent control in a cell-free system. regulation by guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate of the synthesis of elongation factor tu.	the biosynthesis of elongation factor tu (ef-tu) has been studied in a cell-free system with dna of the transducing phage lambdarifd18 as a template. it was found that the synthesis of ef-tu in this system was inhibited by about 60% in the presence of 0.3 to 0.6 mm guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppgpp). the syntheses of several ribosomal proteins encoded in this template, i.e. l1, l10, l11, and l7/l12, were also depressed, whereas those of phage lambda proteins were rather enhanced by ...	1979	158010
coliphage lambda ghosts obtained by osmotic shock or licl treatment are devoid of j- and h-gene products.	we have proved by acrylamide gel electrophoresis that dna-free ghosts of bacteriophage lambda obtained by osmotic shock (s-ghosts), or by incubation in 5 m-l-cl (l-ghosts) do not possess the proteins specified by the genes j and h. electron microscopy of l-ghosts showed that they are devoid of the whole tail tip, composed of the basal part and the tail fibre. the lack of the j-gene product, which is believed to be the tail fibre, explains why s- and l-ghosts do not adsorb to susceptible bacteria ...	1979	158069
analysis of coliphage lambda mutations that affect q gene activity: puq, byp, and nin5.	we describe in this paper the isolation and characterization of a class of mutations, designated puq, that allow phage lambda to grow better under conditions that limit the synthesis of the phage q gene product. these mutations were located between phage genes p and q, a region of the lambda chromosome containing two gene n-independent mutations, nin5 and byp, that we also show to be puq mutations. whereas the puq-3 and puq-16 mutations probably map under the nin5 deletion, the byp mutation maps ...	1979	158097
a study of the organisation of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene cluster of neurospora crassa by means of restriction endonuclease analysis and cloning in bacteriophage lambda.	1. total neurospora crassa dna was restricted with endonucleases and fragments carrying rrna coding sequences were identified by hybridization with xenopus laevis ribosomal dna probes. 2. the repeating unit of the rrna gene cluster was found to be 8.6 kbp, arranged in a head-to-tail fashion. 3. digestion with hind iii yielded fragments of 3.4 kbp and 5.2 kbp and both were cloned. 4. digestion with eco ri yielded fragments of 2.2 kbp, 3.0 kbp and 3.4 kbp; the 3.0 kbp fragment was cloned. 5. seque ...	1979	158122
[transfer of a bacterial gene using phage lambda transfecting dna].	a new amber mutation of phage with the gene coding synthesis of beta-galactosidase was received by recombination. with the help of transfection dna isolated from this phage the transfer of the gene coding the beta-galactosidase synthesis to the recipient phage-resistant e. coli cell was realized. the suggested model can be used for the gene transfer to the recipient phage-resistant cells or other species of bacteria with transfection dna.	1979	105519
variability of bacterial gene-directed enzyme production in human genetically deficient cells.	human beta-galactosidase-deficient skin fibroblasts from a patient with generalized gangliosidosis (gmi-gangliosidosis type i) were treated with phage lambda plac dna, coding for escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, ec.3.2.1.23). new beta-galactosidase activity detected in cell extracts of phage dna-treated gmi-gangliosidosis fibroblasts continued to vary considerably from one experiment to another. it behaved like the e. coli z-gene product upon immunochemic ...	1979	105984
[differences in sensitivity of t3, t7, t4 and lambda phages to bleomycin and phleomycin].	in contrast to phage lambda the phages t3, t7 and t4 are not inhibited by as much as 150 microgram bleomycin/ml, while the chemically related antibiotic phleomycin increasingly inhibits the propagation of the phages in the order t4-t3-lambda. 20 microgram phleomycin/ml inhibit t3 by 95%. the resistance against bleomycin is surprising, because 10 microgram bm/ml block completely the colony-forming capacity of the host bacterium. the drug resistance of the phage growth correlates with the weak dec ...	1979	94958
some low molecular weight proteins of bacteriophage lambda are produced by proteolytic degradation.		1979	34258
ngoii, a restriction endonuclease from neisseria gonorrhoeae.	endor . ngoii, a class ii restriction endonuclease isolated from neisseria gonorrhoeae, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. we were able to separate it from another restriction endonuclease of n. gonorrhoeae, ngoi, by phosphocellulose chromatography. ngoii is an isoschizomer of haeiii, a restriction endonuclease of haemophilus aegyptius, and was found to recognize the deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotide base sequence ggcc. ngoii was able to digest phage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid over a ...	1979	35516
[specific fragmentation of phage lambda dna in the vicinity of the 5'-ends of the oligothymidylic sequences by alkylation in the complementary regions].		1979	36927
the n protein of bacteriophage lambda, defined by its dna sequence, is highly basic.	nucleotide sequence has been determined for the restriction fragments and cloned dna from the pl-n-tl1 region of bacteriophage lambda. a unique reading frame for the n gene is defined by the absence of natural nonsense codons and by the presence of seven nonsense codons generated by mutations in n. this reading frame is initiated at two alternative atg codons, the second of which is probably the in vivo translation start. reading is stopped at a single tag codon. the protein coded is therefore 1 ...	1979	43815
cloning of herpes simplex type 1 dna fragments in a bacteriophage lambda vector.	dna isolated from defective and nondefective virions of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) (strain patton) was digested with restriction endonucleases, and the resulting dna fragments were inserted in the ek2 coliphage vector lambdagtwes . lambdab. the recombinant dna was encapsidated in vitro under p4 maximum containment conditions. these lambda-hsv1 hybrids were purified and amplified, and the dna was isolated in the p4 facility. dna, free of viable phage and bacteria, was removed from p4 condition ...	1979	216076
molecular cloning of polyoma virus dna in escherichia coli: lambda phage vector system.	the biological activity of recombinant phage and recombinant phage dna containing monomeric or dimeric polyoma dna inserts was examined in mice and cultured mouse cells. recombinant preparations containing a single copy of viral dna were invariably noninfectious; molecules containing a dimeric polyoma dna insert were at least seven orders of magnitude less infectious than polyoma virions after parenteral inoculation. no infection was detected with any recombinant preparation after oral administr ...	1979	217088
molecular cloning of polyoma virus dna in escherichia coli: oncogenicity testing in hamsters.	inoculation of suckling hamsters with 2 x 10(8) live cells of escherichia coli k12 strain chi1776, carrying the complete genome of polyoma virus in a recombinant plasmid, failed to induce tumors in any of 32 recipients. also, lambda phage dna and particles with a monomeric insert of polyoma dna did not induce tumors. purified recombinant plasmid dna, as well as phage particles and dna containing a head-to-tail dimer of polyoma dna, showed a low degree of oncogenicity, comparable to that of polyo ...	1979	224458
dna replication proteins of escherichia coli and phage lambda.		1979	225103
persistence of phage lambda dna in genomes of mouse cells transformed by lambda-carrying sv40 vectors.	to test the suitability of simian virus 40 (sv40) dna as a vector for inserting dna segments into the chromosomes of mammalian cells, an ecori-a fragment of bacteriophage lambda dna was covalently joined to a fragment of sv40 dna and used to transform mouse cells in culture. three independent, morphologically transformed clones were obtained that were positive for sv40 t-antigen by immunofluorescence staining. dna from each transformant was examined by restriction enzyme analysis and found to co ...	1979	225241
integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda: requirement for supertwisted dna in vivo and characterization of int.		1979	226309
nicking-closing activity associated with bacteriophage lambda int gene product.	integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda requires the action of the protein int, the product of the phage int gene. in this paper we show that highly purified int relaxes supercoiled dna. the association of this nicking-closing activity with int is shown by: (i) the cosedimentation of nicking-closing and recombination activities of purified int, (ii) the parallel inactivation of the two activities in purified int by both heat and a specific antiserum, and (iii) the alteration of both ac ...	1979	226979
deoxyribonucleic acid and outer membrane: strains diploid for the oric region show elevated levels of deoxyribonucleic acid-binding protein and evidence for specific binding of the oric region to outer membrane.	we have recently reported that part of the chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of escherichia coli is associated with the outer membrane fraction and that an outer membrane protein having a molecular weight of 31,000 probably is involved in this association (h. wolf-watz and a. norqvist, j. bacteriol. 140:43-49, 1979). we have now found that f' merodiploid strains containing two copies of the dna between bglb and ilv have increased levels of this protein and an increased amount of dna in the ...	1979	227835
search for a dna gyrase in mammalian mitochondria.	incorporation of labeled deoxynucleoside triphosphates into mtdna by isolated rat liver mitochondria has been shown previously to reflect dna replication. we have used this system to seek evidence for a mtdna gyrase. coumermycin, novobiocin, nalidixic acid, and oxolinic acid are known to be inhibitors of escherichia coli gyrase, to inhibit e. coli dna replication, to abolish colicin e1 replication, and to depress the supercoiling of phage lambda dna, the last two via inhibition of the dna gyrase ...	1979	227861
the form of the dna substrate required for excisive recombination of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	229232
nonspecific cleavage by restriction endonuclease r . eco k of bacteriophage lambda-dna.		1979	231440
a new host-vector system allowing selection for foreign dna inserts in bacteriophage lambda gtwes.	an improved vector (lambda gtwes.t5-622) for ecori fragments has been derived from ek2 vector lambda gtwes.lambdab' by replacing the lambda b fragment with two identical 1.1 md fragments from the pre-early region of bacteriophage t5. the new vector has two advantages which facilitate elimination of parental-type recombinants in an in vitro recombination experiment. firstly, the 1.1 md insert is too small to be re-inserted into lambda gtwes in a single copy. secondly the 1.1 md t5 fragment carrie ...	1979	231542
phage lambda receptor chromosomes for dna fragments made with restriction endonuclease i of bacillus amyloliquefaciens h.		1979	231662
in vitro insertion of the lambda attachment site into the plasmid rp4.	the region of the phage lambda chromosome containing the attachment site (p.p') and the genes int and xis, excised by the action of endonuclease r.ecori, has been inserted into the unique site for that enzyme on the promiscuous conjugative plasmid, rp4, generating the recombinant plasmid rp4att lambda. transformants containing the hybrid plasmid were recognised by their ability to allow efficient lysogenization by phage lambda b2 (weil and signer, 1968; echols et al., 1968) containing the mutant ...	1979	231725
use of the lambda phage promoter pl to promote gene expression in hybrid plasmid cloning vehicles.		1979	232223
[integration of lambda phage (author's transl)].		1979	233426
isolation and characterization of amber mutations in the lexa gene of escherichia coli k-12.	we describe the isolation and characterization of amber mutations in the lexa gene of escherichia coli k-12. these mutations, designated spr(am), were isolated and characterized in a lexa tif sfi genetic background. they abolished the sensitivity of the strain to uv light and resulted in high rates of synthesis of reca protein. phage lambda+ failed to lysogenize the strains as observed with similar strains carrying non-amber spr mutations described previously, thereby indicating a constitutive e ...	1979	368030
method for isolating restriction- and modificationless mutants of escherichia coli k-12.	a simple method is described for the selection and isolation of restriction- and modificationless mutants in escherichia coli k-12 by using the following properties: (i) the temperature-sensitive repressor activity of phage lambdaci857; (ii) a mutant of lambda phage defective in integration and the establishment of repression (lambdab2ci); (iii) a virulent lambda phage insensitive to the repressor activity. the final yield of spontaneously arising rk-mk+ and rk-mk- mutants from stationary-phase ...	1979	368038
location of the regulatory site for establishment of repression by bacteriophage lambda.	during the lysogenic response to infection by bacteriophage lambda, the phage-specified cii and ciii proteins provide for the coordinate establishment of repression and integration of the viral dna. one critical regulatory function of cii/ciii is an activation of synthesis of the ci protein, the repressor that maintains lysogeny. the mechanism and site for regulation of the ci gene by cii/ciii have been a subject of controversy. the two principal hypotheses for cii/ciii action are: initiation of ...	1979	284327
construction and some properties of packageable plasmid f.	a derivative of plasmid f which is packageable in lambda phage coat was constructed using techniques of in vitro recombination. this plasmid is composed of three dna fragments generated by restriction enzyme ecori: a minif fragment (fragment f5 of f'lac) which is able to replicate autonomously, a dna fragment from staphylococcus plasmid that carries the beta-lactamase gene, and a portion of guaa (b) transducing lambda phage dna carrying lambda cohesive ends (cos site) along with almost all the ...	1979	286145
n-independent leftward transcription in coliphage lambda: deletions, insertions and new promoters bypassing termination functions.	lambda mutants capable of n-independent red-gam gene expression were isolated by selecting fec+ plaque-forming derivatives of lambda n+ nutl- (fec-) strains. in addition to true nutl+ reversions, three classes of second-site mutations were identified: (1) ninl deletions that remove a region containing either tl1 or both tl1 and tl2 termination signals, or only a small region (defining the rut site) just upstream from tl1, (2) new constitutive promoters that map just upstream from the tl2 termina ...	1979	286866
the lambda repressor contains two domains.	papain digestion of the lambda phage repressor produces two fragments that are relatively resistant to further digestion. one includes the amino terminus (residues 1-92) and the other the carboxyl terminus (residues 132-236). calorimetry shows that the amino-terminal fragment denatures near 50 degrees c and that the carboxyl-terminal fragment denatures near 70 degrees c. intact repressor undergoes two denaturations, one near 50 degrees c and another near 70 degrees c. these and other data show t ...	1979	287002
molecular model for the transposition and replication of bacteriophage mu and other transposable elements.	a series of molecular events will explain how genetic elements can transpose from one dna site to another, generate a short oligonucleotide duplication at both ends of the new insertion site, and replicate in the transposition process. these events include the formation of recombinant molecules which have been postulated to be intermediates in the transposition process. the model explains how the replication of bacteriophage mu is obligatorily associated with movement to new genetic sites. it po ...	1979	287033
cell-cycle-associated rearrangement of inverted repeat dna sequences.	inverted repeat dna sequences of caulobacter crescentus have been isolated, characterized, and cloned in a bacteriophage lambda vector. both whole populations and individual clones of these sequences were hybridized to restriction endonuclease-generated fragments of chromosomal dna isolated from cells that were in different stages of the cell cycle. some inverted repeat dna sequences were observed to hybridize to different regions of the chromosomal dna isolated from the morphologically and bioc ...	1979	293718
[isolation and properties of dna-cytosine-methylase i from escherichia coli mre 600].	dna-cytosine-methylase i was isolated and purified to homogeneity. the yield made up to about 30% of total activity. the enzyme molecular weight as determined by centrifugation in a sucrose gradient, by gel filtration and by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to be 45,000. the michaelis constant was 1,8 . 10(-6) m for sam and 2 . 10(-4) m for dna. dna-cytosine-methylase i modifies phage lambda dna in 60 sites. this modification does not prot ...	1979	369620
phase variation in salmonella: genetic analysis of a recombinational switch.	the alternative expression of salmonella genes h1 and h2, which specify different flagellar antigens, results in the oscillation of phenotype known as phase variation. this alternation is controlled by the inversion of an 800-base-pair sequence of dna adjacent to, or including part of, the h2 gene. the invertable region was presumed to regulate the function of a promoter and to include specific sites at which a recombinational event, resulting in the inversion, could occur. here we report geneti ...	1979	370828