Publications

effect of purified phospholipases on glucose transport, insulin binding, and insulin action in isolated rat adipocytes.	the influence of alterations in phospholipid structure by phospholipase treatment on insulin action and glucose transport in rat adipocytes was studied. it appeared that phospholipase a2 from bee venom caused a breakdown of approximately 50% of phosphotidylcholine without lysis of the cells. because of this treatment, insulin binding was increased, resulting in an increased sensitivity of glucose transport towards lower insulin concentrations. moreover, an increased affinity of the transport sys ...	1982	6187461
[allergic reactions to bee and wasp stings seen at a resuscitation department].		1982	7164391
purification from bee venom of melittin devoid of phospholipase a2 contamination.		1982	7165093
iron-containing cells in the honey bee (apis mellifera).	honey bees are sensitive to earth strength magnetic fields and are reported to contain magnetite (fe3o4) in their abdomens. we report bands of cells around each abdominal segment that contain numerous electron-opaque, iron-containing granules. the iron is principally in the form of hydrous iron oxides.	1982	17791591
colony defense by africanized and european honey bees.	africanized and european honey bee (apis mellifera) populations showed quantitative differences in colony defensive behavior. africanized bees responded faster and in much larger numbers than european honey bees and produced 8.2 and 5.9 times as many stings during two different experiments. times to react to alarming stimuli were negatively correlated with the number of bees responding and to the total number of stings. the number of bees responding was significantly correlated to the total numb ...	1982	17776713
infantile multicystic encephalomalacia after maternal bee sting anaphylaxis during pregnancy.		1982	7138068
severe thrombocytopenic purpura following a bee sting.		1982	6889823
[prevention of general allergic reactions to bee and wasp stings].		1982	7144936
obligate necrophagy in a social bee.	the social bee trigona hypogea uses carrion instead of pollen as a protein source. nests lack stored pollen, pollen is absent in larval provisions, and corbiculae for pollen transport on worker hind legs are reduced. glandular secretions of 20 percent protein content appear to replace stored pollen. toothed mandibles, pheromonal recruitment to resources, and aggressive foraging behavior facilitated evolution of necrophagy in this tropical forest bee lineage.	1982	17839343
behavior of bumble bee pollinators of aralia hispida vent. (araliaceae).	the andromonoecious plant aralia hispida has a complicated blooming schedule involving alternations between male and female phases.nectar and pollen are released gradually through the day. plants vary considerably in number of flowers per umbel and number of umbels per plant. the major pollinators, bumble bees, show several characteristic behaviors in response to the plant's presentation. 1. foraging bees preferentially visit umbels that bear large numbers of open, male-phase flowers. they also ...	1982	28309956
nerol: an alarm substance of the stingless bee,trigona fulviventris (hymenoptera: apidae).	bees of the genustrigona and subgenustrigona possess volatile materials in their mandibular glands, used as alarm substances and as marking pheromones. heads of workers oftrigona fulviventris were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the two major volatile components were nerol (∼ 50%), and octyl caproate (∼ 20%). relative to other substances tested at a costa rican nest, treatments containing 20 μg of nerol attractedt. fulviventris, depressed numbers of bees leaving the nest by abo ...	1982	24413960
incisor shape and incisor crowding: a re-evaluation of the peck and peck ratio.	although lower incisor tooth shapes, defined as mesiodistal length divided by labiolingual width, have bee proposed as important factors in lower incisor crowding, the question of whether or not these ratios are more useful than simple measurements of incisor mesiodistal length has not been addressed. in order to test this question, we measured mesiodistal and labiolingual incisor dimensions and lower incisor crowding (defined as the crowding index proposed by little) on dental casts from two gr ...	1982	6961795
kinetic study of the inhibition of the honeybee haemolymph apha-glucosidase in vitro by baye 4609, bayg 5421 and bayn 5595.	three therapeutic inhibitors of vertebrate alpha-glucosidases recently assayed in research on diabetes control, show high inhibitory potencies towards the p-np-alpha-d-glucosidase activity of honeybee haemolymph. baye 4609 is an allosteric v-type (pure non-competitive) inhibitor with: ki congruent to k'i congruent to i50 congruent to 180 micro m; n = 1.17; ni = 1.15 bayg 5421, an hydrolysis derivative of the former, is a mixed allosteric inhibitor with: ki congruent to 0.17 micro m; k'i congruen ...	1982	6215920
[bee venom containing forapin in the treatment of mesenchymal diseases of the locomotor system. report on treatment results in 211 patients].		1982	7132669
bee venom hypersensitivity in busselton.		1982	6123766
clinical and immunological surveys in bee keepers.	two hundred and fifty bee keepers in the south of france, working seasonally, were clinically investigated by means of a questionnaire. forty-three per cent had presented anaphylactic symptoms and 7.0% toxic reactions when stung by bees. the personal atopic history was found to be significantly (p less than 0.01) elevated in bee keepers who experienced anaphylaxis. total serum ige and been venom-specific ige were titrated in 100 subjects. total serum ige was significantly elevated in allergic be ...	1982	7116611
a circular dichroism study of the structure of apis mellifera melittin.		1982	7114851
kinetics of oxygen consumption after a single flash of light in photoreceptors of the drone (apis mellifera).	the time course of the rate of oxygen consumption (qo2) after a single flash of light has been measured in 300-micrometers slices of drone retina at 22 degrees c. to measure delta qo2(t), the change in qo2 from its level in darkness, the transients of the partial pressure of o2 (po2) were recorded with o2 microelectrodes simultaneously in two sites in the slice and delta qo2 was calculated by a computer using fourier transforms. after a 40-ms flash of intense light, delta qo2, reached a peak of ...	1982	6288837
[bee and wasp venom allergy. clinical aspects, prevention and therapy].		1982	6810134
the structure of melittin. i. structure determination and partial refinement.	melittin is the principal protein component of bee venom and is thought to function as a lytic agent. despite its predominantly hydrophobic character, melittin is soluble as a tetramer in aqueous salt solutions. we report here on the determination of the crystal structure of tetrameric melittin at 2.8-a resolution by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement, followed by partial atomic refinement at 2.0-a resolution. the melittin tetramer contains a noncrystallographic 2-fold axis of symmet ...	1982	7076661
"miracle" bee pollen: don't let your patients get stung!		1982	7108397
bee stings.		1982	6122964
sociochemical alteration of honeybee hoarding behavior.	hoarding experiments were conducted with honeybees (apis mellifera l.) in cages containing comb treated with either 2-heptanone, isopentyl acetate, citral, or geraniol. 2-heptanone increased hoarding rates; isopentyl acetate decreased hoarding rates; citral and geraniol had no observed effect.	1982	24415185
comparison of stated and measured patient heights and weights.	stated and measured patient heights and weights were compared, and the clinical importance of any differences was determined. a total of 112 health-clinic patients were interviewed for height and weight determinations. they were divided into four groups: men 21-35 years old; men 65 years and older; women 21-35 years old; and women 65 years and older. the stated and the actual heights and weights were analyzed for significant differences. calculations of body surface area (bsa) and basal energy e ...	1982	7081255
bee stings.		1982	6121247
bee sting of the cornea: case report.	three cases of corneal bee sting were treated. each eye reacted differently from the others: case 1 with severe pain, conjunctival chemosis and hyperemia, central corneal edema, and reduced visual acuity; case 2 with severe pain, conjunctival hyperemia, and a white corneal infiltrate; and case 3 with only a minimal foreign-body sensation. the reaction to the venom can be toxic or immunologic. the behavior of the toxins-melittin, apamin, and formic acid-and of the principal allergen (probably pho ...	1982	7103318
[use of bee honey in medicine].		1982	6918760
the effect of venom skin testing on venom rast titers.	venom rast titers were measured in 20 insect-sensitive patients before and two to three weeks after skin testing with insect venoms to determine whether venom testing might cause a rise in venom ige titers. no significant rise in venom-specific rast titers for honey bee, wasp and yellow jacket venoms was observed.	1982	7065477
bee bite and the toxic shock syndrome.		1982	7059111
glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) ointment and isosorbide dinitrate: a review of their pharmacological properties and therapeutic use.	sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) is the most widely used drug in the treatment of angina pectoris, but its use is limited due to its short acting effect. recent investigations have shown that some longer acting nitrates administered orally or topically have a long acting antianginal effect. the mechanism of the antianginal effect of nitrates is multifactorial. nitrates increase oxygen supply to the myocardium by causing redistribution of coronary blood flow. in addition, nitrates d ...	1982	6804202
how important is the myeloperoxidase microbicidal system of phagocytic cells?	the myeloperoxidase system is presented by most immunology textbooks as a major microbicidal system of phagocytic cells. this theory, however, has not bee subjected to vigorous testing in the clinical arena. of 14 patients with primary myeloperoxidase deficiency, only 3 had infectious complication. all 3 patients have more plausible explanation than myeloperoxidase deficiency for their infectious complications. two of these patients were healthy until middle age when they developed systemic cand ...	1982	6283326
[effect of serotonin on nervous system function and behavior in the honeybee].	serotonin in concentration of 0.0025% increased the excitability of chemoreceptors and the dancing rhythm rate in honey bees; higher concentrations diminished electrical activity in the second thoracic ganglion, lowered dancing rhythm rate and accelerated the alteration of food conditioning reflexes. serotonin exerted no effect on the excitability thresholds of the peripheral nervous activity. a possibility of serotoninergic mediation of neural event in disruption of genetically determined trypt ...	1982	6281094
bee-sting diseases: who is at risk? what is the treatment?	many of the large number of people who are stung each year by bees experience frightening systemic reactions, but the vast majority of such reactions are not life-threatening. there is no evidence that the very few who die as a result of a bee sting come from the pool of those who once before sustained a systemic reaction. on the contrary, no reaction at all may be a more ominous predictor of a lethal outcome on a subsequent sting. death comes about through multiple mechanisms, and not through a ...	1982	6121151
conformation and aggregation of melittin: dependence on ph and concentration.	melittin, a 26-residue peptide from bee venom, is transformed from a largely random to a largely alpha-helical conformation at elevated ph. at 3 x 10(-5) m melittin, circular dichroism spectra show a transition with a pk near 9.6. at 8 x 10(-5) m, two approximately equal transitions occur with pks at 7.2 and 9.6. at 6 x 10(-4) m, a single transition is seen with a pk of 6.8, followed by a more gradual increase to at least ph 11. the transitions near ph 7 presumably arise from deprotonation of th ...	1982	7066299
nasonov pheromone of the honeybee.apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera, apidae) : iv. comparative electroantennogram responses.	electroantennogram (eag) responses from worker honeybee antennae were obtained for each nasonov component. response amplitudes to 10 μg of components correlated well with reported relative abilities to attract foragers in the field. eag responses of worker, queen, and drone antennae to natural pheromone were consistently greater than to synthetic pheromone, a difference only partly explained by enzymic conversion of geraniol to (e)-citral during preparation of natural extracts.	1982	24414967
bioassay of compounds derived from the honeybee sting.	nine compounds identified from honeybee,apis mettifera l., sting extracts and one compound identified from the honeybee mandibular gland were evaluated in a standardized laboratory test for their effectiveness in eliciting an alarm response from caged honeybees. two,n-decyl acetate and benzyl alcohol, were judged ineffective as alarm pheromones. the remaining eight-2-nonanol, isopentyl acetate,n-butyl acetate,n-hexyl acetate, benzyl acetate, isopentyl alcohol, andn-octyl acetate from the sting a ...	1982	24414957
caloric requirements in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.	measured resting energy expenditure (ree) was compared to predicted basal energy expenditure (bee) in 35 consecutive patients with nonseptic inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and 20 healthy volunteers. patients with ibd were groups greater or less than 90% ideal body weight (ibw). the bee in kcal/day was found to be equivalent to the measured ree in both patient groups. it is suggested that the bee be used to determine caloric requirements in nonseptic patients with inflammatory bowel disease. pa ...	1982	7055399
how doth the busy little bee.		1982	7054677
the turnover of milkweed pollinia on bumble bees, and implications for outcrossing.	bumble bees (bombus spp.) picked up a pollen packet (pollinium) of milkweed (asclepias syriaca l.) every 2-5 h, usually more rapidly on their feet than on their mouthparts. pollinia were retained an average of slightly over one day on the mouthparts and one-quarter day on the feet. this long retention period enhances the possibility of outcrossing in this largely or completely self-incompatible species. although many more pollinia were carried on the feet, the longer retention of those on the mo ...	1982	28311108
(z)-11-eicosen-1-ol, an important new pheromonal component from the sting of the honey bee,apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera, apidae.).	(z)-11-eicosen-1-ol was identified by gc-ms and microchemical methods as a major volatile component, ca. 5 μg per insect, secreted by the sting apparatus of the worker honey bee. when presented on moving lures at the hive entrance, (z)-11-eicosen-1-ol, like isopentyl acetate already known as an alarm pheromone, elicited stinging, and together these two compounds were as active as the natural pheromone from the sting. on stationary lures, (z)-11-eicosen-1-ol prolonged the effectiveness of isopent ...	1982	24414592
the interaction with phospholipids of bee venom melittin: a structural study of the peptide and lipid components.		1982	19431457
[regulatory action of bee venom on the humoral immunity system].		1982	7200806
evidence for electrostatic enhancement of odor receptor function by worker honeybee antennae.	pore plates (placoid chemosensillae) on the antennae of dead worker honeybees (apis mellifera l.) apparently retained a static electric charge that was significantly different from that of the surrounding cuticle. residual charge resulted in the concentration of airborne particulate matter over the rim of exposed pore plates to the virtual exclusion of such deposition on surrounding cuticle. postmortem integrity of polar lipids associated with the pore plate and adjacent sense cells is hypothesi ...	1982	7181964
[sensitivity of bee antennae to binary mixtures of fragrant substances].	an olfactory stimulator was built to study the sensitivity of insect antennae to binary mixtures. this apparatus can deliver nine kinds of calibrated odorous stimuli: the two pure components at three different concentrations, separate and mixed. the flux which reaches the preparation remains constant before, during and after each stimulation, in order to obtain a pure olfactory response, without any mechanical or thermal contamination. theoretical models used in psychophysics are applicable to t ...	1982	7166742
catecholamines in honey bee (apis mellifera l.) and various vespid (hymenoptera) venoms.	liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to separate, identify and quantitate the levels of dopamine (da) and noradrenaline (na) present in the venoms of honey bees of known ages and of da and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) in various species of vespid wasps. fluorescence histochemistry corroborated the presence of amines in honey bee venom glands and reservoirs and supported the quantitative results. the results show: (i) there is an age dependent variation in da and na levels ...	1982	7164110
antennal hygroreceptors of the honey bee, apis mellifera l.	antennal hygroreceptors of the honey bee, apis mellifera l., have been investigated electrophysiologically and the sensillum containing these receptors with sem. moist and dry hygroreceptors have been identified along with a thermal receptor in a specialized coeloconic sensillum. this sensillum comprises a cuticular, shallow depression (diameter; 4 micrometer) having a central opening (1.4-1.5 micrometer) and a mushroom-shaped protrusion (1.4-1.5 micrometer) from the opening. the head of the pro ...	1982	7127426
characteristics of retinal-binding proteins from the honeybee retina.	spectrophotometric studies were performed on two water soluble retinal-binding proteins isolated from honeybee retina. both pigments, b and c, absorb maximally at about 440 nm. pigment b is bleached by light to a photoproduct with lambda max at about 370 nm. this pigment reacts with hydroxylamine in the dark to form a product with an absorbance maximum at 360 nm, whereas with cyanoborohydride it reacts only in the light forming a product with lambda max at about 330 nm. irradiation of pigment c ...	1982	7123861
bee stings and acute tubular necrosis.		1982	7121662
diffuse and local effects of light adaptation in photoreceptors of the honey bee drone.	intracellular recordings from drone photoreceptors were made by means of glass microelectrodes in superfused retinae. exposure of a small portion of a cell to white light decreased the amplitude of responses to a small stimulus subsequently applied at different sites of the photoreceptor cell, i.e. light adaptation occurred throughout the cell. after 7 min of darkness, the responses had completely recovered. when a violet light (404 nm) was used to adapt a small portion of the cell, the response ...	1982	7101767
the immune response to bee venom. comparison of the antibody response to phospholipase a2 with the response to inhalant antigens.	the antibody response to phospholipase a2 (pla2) was studied by using radiolabelled antigen-binding techniques for both igg and ige antibodies. the results are compared with results for antigen p1 from dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and for rye i from rye grass pollen. the response to pla2 differs from the response to the inhalant allergens in several ways: almost all exposed bee keepers produce igg antibodies to pla2; among the allergic bee keepers there was no quantitative correlation between ...	1982	7085123
the structure of melittin in the form i crystals and its implication for melittin's lytic and surface activities.	melittin from bee venom is water-soluble, yet integrates into membranes and lyses cells. each melittin chain consists of 26 amino acid residues and in aqueous salt solutions it exists as a tetramer. we have determined the molecular structure of the tetramer in two crystal forms grown from concentrated salt solutions. in both crystal forms the melittin polypeptide is a bent alpha-helical rod, with the "inner" surface largely consisting of hydrophobic sidechains and the "outer" surface consisting ...	1982	7055627
sensitivity to hymenoptera in adult males.	the authors studied the sera of 86 selected adult male office workers for ige antibodies to yellow jacket and honey bee venoms and to environmental inhalants and foods. structured histories provide information about the experiences of these men with the hymenoptera and other immunological information. three men (3%) gave a history of a local or general reaction to the hymenoptera but no antibodies were detected. ten men (12%) had ige antibodies to yellow jacket or honey bee venoms but none gave ...	1982	7055341
the pharmacology of microbracon venom.	1. wasps of the genus microbracon generally paralyse larvae of lepidoptera. the wasp larva is exophagous on the paralysed host. the venom acts slowly and causes a flaccid paralysis. the venom of m. hebetor is extremely active in lepidoptera, less active in honeybee workers, much less active in locusts and mealworms and probably inactive in non-insects. 2. in lepidoptera and in locusts the venom presynaptically blocks the excitatory, but not the inhibitory, neuromuscular transmission. m. hebetor ...	1982	6128151
[respiration of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.) in varroa infestation].		1982	7067619
[changes in the functional characteristics of the compound eye of the honeybee after mutations interfering with the metabolism of tryptophan].	the compound eye of worker honeybees with a genetic interruption of the ommochrome synthesis from tryptophan (mutations snow an laranja) showed a sharp increase in light sensitivity, more than 100-fold in snow and more than 10-fold in laranja with respect to the wild bee eye. peaks of the spectral sensitivity curves recorded using erg were shifted to 530 nm in snow and 550 nm in laranja while in the wild type it was at 545 nm. an unusual shape of the erg in the both mutants was shown to result f ...	1982	7063085
the stinging response of the honeybee: effects of morphine, naloxone and some opioid peptides.	changes in responsiveness for the stinging reaction of honeybees fixed in a holder after receiving 3 electrical shocks delivered with 1 min interval, was registered and used as measurement for the effect of 2 microliter of different solutions injected. every shock consisted of a train of pulses of 1 msec each, delivered for 2 sec at a frequency of 100 hz. injection of morphine-hcl (50 to 200 n-moles/bee) produced a dose dependent reduction of the honeybee stinging response to the electrical shoc ...	1983	6657718
the relative value of skin tests and radioallergosorbent test in the diagnosis of bee sting hypersensitivity.	the relative diagnostic value of st and rast was evaluated in 97 patients with bsh. eighteen patients had lrs, 79 showed srs including 18 with urticaria, 26 had bronchospasm, and 35 had anaphylactic shock. st but not the rast reactivity was strongly related to the severity of the clinical reaction (p less than or equal to 0.001) and found superior to the rast in identifying patients with srs in whom venom therapy was indicated.	1983	6643873
postscript to bee stings: delayed 'serum sickness'.		1983	6416995
anaphylaxis after hymenoptera stings in three patients with urticaria pigmentosa.	three patients with urticaria pigmentosa are reported who developed symptoms of anaphylaxis after hymenoptera stings. serum ige antibodies to various hymenoptera venoms could not be detected in any of the patients. skin tests were completely negative in one patient, and borderline reactions with honeybee and yellow jacket venom, respectively, were found in the other two. peripheral blood leukocytes of these latter two patients did not release significant amounts of histamine after exposure to th ...	1983	6196389
mandibular glands of stingless bees (hymenoptera: apidae): chemical analysis of their contents and biological function in two species ofmelipona.	workers ofmelipona fasciata andm. interrupta triplaridis respond to their respective mandibular gland extracts with alarm recruitment and defensive behavior. workers rapidly exit from the nest entrance, land on an intruding object, and bite with the mandibles while vibrating the flight muscles. these behaviors are accompanied by the release of the contents of the mandibular glands. colonies of both species exhibited greater response to their own mandibular gland extracts than to those of other s ...	1983	24408802
[igg4 antibody response to phospholipase a in bee keepers].		1983	6677246
[fatal envenomation by multiple bee stings (apis mellifera l.)].		1983	6658267
environmental research on potential pesticides: indispensability and scope under conditions of poland.	in consideration of the ubiquitous presence of pesticides in the environment, research should be done for each new compound aimed at evaluation of the hazard resulting from its application. environmental investigations conducted in poland encompass research on: (a) abiotic transformations (hydrolysis, photodegradation), (b) metabolism in plants and animals, as well as the fate in aquatic and soil environments; (c) influence on biota (including microflora, honey-bee and other beneficial arthropod ...	1983	6630895
function of secretion of mandibular gland of male in territorial behavior ofxylocopa sulcatipes (hymenoptera: anthophoridae).	males of the carpenter bee,xylocopa sulcatipes, establish and defend territories which they mark with the secretions of their mandibular glands. chemical analysis of the glandular blend revealed that it is composed of guaiacol,p-cresol, and vanillin. territorial males recognize other intruding males either by sight or by the odor emitted from their mandibular glands. they chase the intruder out of the territory immediately, but will not do so if the visitor is a female. if a female, however, is ...	1983	24407763
modification of potassium movement through the retina of the drone (apis mellifera male) by glial uptake.	intracellular recordings were made in photoreceptors and glial cells (outer pigment cells) of the superfused cut head of the honey-bee drone (apis mellifera male). when the [k+] in the superfusate was abruptly increased from 3.2 mm to 17.9 mm both photoreceptors and glial cells depolarized. the time course of the depolarization of the photoreceptors was slower with increasing depth from the surface. half time of depolarization was plotted against depth: this graph was compatible with the arrival ...	1983	6887045
[diffuse immunoblastic reaction following a bee sting (report of a case)].		1983	6650789
[what is the best prevention and therapy of bee, wasp and hornet stings?].		1983	6888240
[deaths resulting from bee and wasp stings in denmark 1960-1980].		1983	6879806
synthesis of δ-lactonic pheromones ofxylocopa hirsutissima andvespa orientalis and an allomone of some ants of genuscamponotus.	simple preparations ofcis-3,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2-pyrone, vii,6-n-undecyltetrahydro-2-pyrone, xviib, and 6-n-pentyl-5,6-dihydro-2-pyrone, xvia, have been achieved. products vii and xviib, respectively, are the major constituent of the pheromonal blend of a carpenter bee (xylocopa hirsutissima) and the pheromone of the queens of the oriental hornet (vespa orientalis). the lactone xvia is a suspected defensive allomone in two species of formicine ants of the genuscamponotus. all three compounds h ...	1983	24407618
spider leg autotomy induced by prey venom injection: an adaptive response to "pain"?	field observations showed orb-weaving spiders (argiope spp.) to undergo leg autotomy if they are stung in a leg by venomous insect prey (phymata fasciata). the response occurs within seconds, before the venom can take lethal action by spread to the body of the spiders. autotomy is induced also by honeybee venom and wasp venom, as well as by several venom components (serotonin, histamine, phospholipase a(2), melittin) known to be responsible for the pain characteristically elicited by venom injec ...	1983	16593325
bee venom and adjuvant arthritis.		1983	6887182
transfilter studies on the mechanism of epitheliomesenchymal interaction leading to chondrogenic differentiation of neural crest cells.	interaction with an epithelium is a prerequisite for avian cranial neural crest (nc) cells to differentiate into cartilage and bone (bee & thorogood, 1980). in order to investigate the causal mechanism we have selected one such interaction - that between mesencephalic nc and retinal pigmented epithelium (rpe) for further study. premigratory nc cells were grown transfilter to rpe explants of different developmental ages and on nuclepore filters of different pore size which either allowed or preve ...	1983	6886609
the effect of counterions on melittin aggregation.	melittin, a surface-active polypeptide from bee venom, has an overall hydrophobic n-terminus, with basic residues clustered at the c-terminus. in aqueous solution melittin exists as a mixture of monomer and tetramer, the monomer adopting a predominantly random-coil configuration, whereas the tetramer is rich in alpha-helix. the tendency of melittin to aggregate is dependent on the counter-anions present in solution, the effect being most marked with phosphate, decreasing in the order hpo4(2-) gr ...	1983	6882364
classical conditioning of proboscis extension in honeybees (apis mellifera).	extension of the proboscis was conditioned in restrained honeybees with odor as the conditioned stimulus (cs) and sucrose solution--delivered to the antenna (to elicit extension of the proboscis) and then to the proboscis itself--as the unconditioned stimulus (us). in a first series of experiments, acquisition was found to be very rapid, both in massed and in spaced trials; its associative basis was established by differential conditioning and by an explicitly unpaired control procedure (which p ...	1983	6872507
hyperreactivity to bee stings: reevaluation.	(a) a survey of beekeepers in israel did not show that they differed allergy-wise from the general population. (b) twenty-eight non-beekeeper systemic reactors to bee stings were not necessarily more allergic or more exposed to stings than the others. these systemic reactors had a spontaneous kinin system hyperreactivity and in some of them changes in the immune system and a complement defect were detected. we think that predisposition may enhance the likelihood of a systemic reaction to bee sti ...	1983	6552888
calculating nectar production rates: residual nectar and optimal foraging.	bumblebees, when foraging for nectar in flowers of aconitum columbianum, do not consistently drain them of reward. the amount of residual nectar varies among sites, times and species of bee. at times, residual nectar can be a significant percentage of total 24 h production strongly suggesting that, if nectar secretion rates are to be studied, flowers must have their standing crop of nectar drained by hand; assuming that a recently visited blossom is empty can lead to erroneous nectar production ...	1983	28310588
treatment of bee colonies with isopropyl-4,4-dibromo-benzilate against varroa disease and acarine disease.		1983	6868882
venom-specific ige and igg antibodies as a measure of the degree of protection in insect-sting-sensitive patients.	venom-specific ige and igg antibodies were measured in the sera of bee-venom-sensitive patients during a 3-year hyposensitization period. the level of specific igg antibodies initially increased, and 2 months after the start of therapy, this increase was on average five-fold. a concomitant but non-significant increase in specific ige antibodies was also observed initially. later during the treatment period specific ige antibodies showed a continuous decline and after 3 years the level was one th ...	1983	6602010
antibodies to purified bee venom proteins and peptides. i. development of a highly specific rast for bee venom antigens and its application to bee sting allergy.	ige antibodies to purified proteins and peptides from honeybee venom have been measured by the rast. trace amounts (less than 0.1%) of the major venom protein phospholipase a2 (pla2) grossly distorted the measurement of ige antibody to the other venom proteins, acid phosphatase (acid p) and hyaluronidase (hyal), and overemphasized their importance. reduction of antigen coupled to the cellulose paper discs, which were used in the assay, diluted out the contaminating pla2 without apparent loss in ...	1983	6601672
characterization of the purified anticoagulant principles from apis mellifera (honey bee) venom.		1983	6579218
[experimental rationale and trial of the therapeutic use of bee-raising products in cardiovascular diseases].		1983	6348365
structure of apamin in solution: a two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance study.	a two-dimensional (2-d) fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) study of the 18 amino acid neurotoxin apamin isolated from honeybee venom is reported. combining 2-d j-correlated spectra with 2-d nuclear overhauser spectra in h2o solution permits essentially complete assignment of the 1h nmr spectrum of apamin at a fixed ph, including a number of spin systems that are reported for the first time. the structural model previously derived by bystrov et al. [bystrov, v. f., okhanov, v. v., ...	1983	6849893
death caused by wasp and bee stings in denmark 1960-1980.	during a 21-year period in denmark a total of 26 deaths were caused by wasp or bee stings (according to the national health service). the deaths might be classified, with some overlapping, as caused by either anaphylactic/anaphylactoid shocks (between 65% and 80%), suffocation after stings in the airways (about 15%) or preexisting diseases, especially arteriosclerotic heart disease (approx. 20%). characteristically, in most persons with shock reactions unconsciousness and death occurred very sho ...	1983	6846747
venom immunotherapy--a critical evaluation of in vitro techniques.	an immunological evaluation of 62 hymenoptera sensitive patients, including 13 treated with venom, was undertaken. skin testing was more sensitive than serum specific ige and total ige was not helpful. specific ige did not decrease on therapy. changes in specific igg occurred in bee but not in mixed vespid treated patients.	1983	6838023
[fatal bee sting: 1st report of igg4-mediated anaphylactic shock].	the author reports on a 39 year-old male patient with allergic asthma who died several hours after a bee sting in a state of shock. while ige antibodies were not present, distinct deposits of igg4 antibodies in the kidney and lung were demonstrated for the first time after a bee sting. the intention of this report is to stress the importance of hyposensibilisation of patients with an allergic condition after determination of the relevant class or subclass of immunoglobulins.	1983	6224351
flower handling efficiency of bumble bees: morphological aspects of probing time.	the time required for a bumble bee to visit a flower is affected by the length of the bee's glossa and its body weight, and by the depth of the flower and the volume of nectar it contains. probing time is comprised of two components: access time and ingestion time. access time increases linearly with flower depth, but ingestion time varies with flower depth only in flowers deeper than the length of the bee's glossa, due to a decline in the rate of ingestion of nectar. probing time therefore incr ...	1983	28310186
community patterns of nectivorous adult parasitoids (diptera, bombyliidae) on their resources.	highly diverse assemblages of nectivorous bee flies (diptera: bombyliidae) occur at desert sites in california presenting an opportunity to investigate the ecology of this little-known group. this study compared communities of adult bee flies visiting flowers at two sites, one in the mojave desert (darwin plateau) and one in the great basin (mono basin), during periods of higher and lower resource abundance. the range of resources used by single species varied inversely with the number of specie ...	1983	28310177
is erythrocyte membrane phospholipid organisation abnormal in duchenne muscular dystrophy?	many of the abnormalities reported in erythrocytes from duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) patients, including alterations in the physical state of the membrane as determined by electron spin resonance, could arise from changes in the lipid components. although several investigators have shown there to be no compositional differences between normal and dmd erythrocytes, there still exists the hitherto unexplored possibility that the normal asymmetric organisation of the lipids may be deranged in ...	1983	6839505
conformational change of mastoparan from wasp venom on binding with phospholipid membrane.	the conformational change upon binding with phospholipid membrane has been studied of mastoparan from wasp venom, a tetradecapeptide causing the degranulation of mast cells. the 270-mhz 1h-nmr spectra and cd spectra indicate that the mastoparan molecule takes the alpha-helical conformation in methanol solution, but a much less ordered form in aqueous solution. on binding with phospholipid membrane, the alpha-helical conformation is formed even in aqueous medium. such a conformational change is p ...	1983	6825849
cooperative effects in the interaction between melittin and phosphatidylcholine model membranes. studies by temperature scanning densitometry.	the interaction between the peptide melittin from bee venom with multilamellar liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or egg yolk phosphatidylcholine has been studied by the method of temperature scanning densitometry, yielding information on the specific volume of the association products and on the changes during the thermotropic transition of the lipids. the effects of the interaction were found to be biphasic with respect to melittin concentration; below 10(-3) mol per mol of phospholip ...	1983	6687386
[latent sensitization to bee and wasp venoms].	ige-rast with bee and wasp venom was performed on 200 persons without any allergic history. specific ige antibodies against bee and/or wasp venom were found in 55 persons (27, 5%); in 14 persons of these against bee, in 29 against wasp and in 12 against bee and wasp venom. specific igg antibodies were only found in 16, 4% of the silently sensitizated persons. therefore, the lack of symptoms in the remainder of this group cannot be explained by the presence of blocking igg antibodies.	1983	6845790
the role of choline phospholipids in hypertonic cryohemolysis.	hemolysis resulting from a warm-to-cold temperature shift in a hypertonic environment (hypertonic cryohemolysis) is studied with the use of phospholipases as membrane probes of the phospholipids of the outer leaflet of the bilayer. bee venom phospholipase a2 which attacks only phosphatidylcholine (pc) in the intact erythrocyte results in inhibition of cryohemolysis produced by both hypertonic sodium chloride and sucrose. in both cases, about 25% of the loss of pc occurs before any such inhibitio ...	1983	6831908
serologic aspects of igg4 antibodies. i. prolonged immunization results in an igg4-restricted response.	labeled antigen-binding tests were used to determine quantitatively the contribution of igg4 antibodies to the total igg antibody response in humans. in agreement with literature, we found no igg4-restricted antibody responses with tetanus toxoid or streptococcal carbohydrate. in the serum of individuals immunized for several years with phospholipase (pla) from honey bee venom, grass pollen allergen, or house dust mite allergen, we often found that more than 50% of the total antigen-binding capa ...	1983	6600252
the rate of substrate cycling between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate in muscle and fat-body of the hawk moth (acherontia atropos) at rest and during flight.	1. the rate of substrate cycling between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate was measured in tissues of the hawk moth (acherontia atropos). 2. the insect was injected with [2-3h,2-14c]glucose, and after periods of time at rest or flying the animal was freeze-clamped. separation of glucose and hexose monophosphate from the tissues was performed by paper chromatography and t.l.c., and the 3h and 14c radioactivities in these compounds were measured. 3. on the basis of the 3h/14c ratios in these compoun ...	1983	6847649
melittin and a chemically modified trichotoxin form alamethicin-type multi-state pores.	the bee venom constituent, melittin, is structurally and functionally related to alamethicin. by forming solvent-free planar bilayers of small area (approx. 100 microns 2) on the tip of fire-polished glass pipettes we could observe single melittin pores in these membranes. an increase in the applied voltage induced further non-integral conductance levels. this indicates that melittin forms multi-level pores similar to those formed by alamethicin. trichotoxin a40, an antibiotic analogue of alamet ...	1983	6824646
alarm responses caused by newly identified compounds derived from the honeybee sting.	twelve compounds identified from honeybee,apis mellifera l., sting extracts were evaluated in a standardized laboratory test for their effectiveness in eliciting an alarm response from caged worker honeybees. two-1-decanol and phenol-were judged ineffective as alarm pheromones. the other ten-1-butanol, isopentyl acetate, isopentyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-heptyl acetate, 2-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-acetoxy-2-octene, 2-nonyl acetate, and 1-acetoxy-2-nonene-produced alarm responses of similar speed and ...	1983	24408619
two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of hymenoptera venom and venom sac extracts.	hymenoptera venom and venom sac extracts were studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using non-equilibrium ph gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension and sodium sulfate electrophoresis in the second dimension. pure apis mellifera (honeybee) venom collected by electrical stimulation was resolved into five major and more than 20 minor components. polistes (paper wasp), vespula (yellow jacket), dolichovespula (aerial hornet) and vespa (old world hornet) venom sac extr ...	1983	6857712
caste-specific maturation of the endocrine system in the female honey bee larva.	the endocrine system of female honey bee larvae has been studied through postembryonic development with histological and autoradiographic techniques. during larval development, brain and retrocerebral complex proceed from immature cells to an active endocrine system. caste-specific retardation occurs in the worker during this process. in the developing queen, the differentiation of the neurosecretory cells (nsc) and the outgrowth of their axons occurs from the second instar onward and is nearly ...	1983	6850768
the venom system and venom hyaluronidase of the african honeybee (apis mellifera adansonii).		1983	6845382
age and oxygen toxicity related fluorescence in the honey bee thorax.	the blue fluorescent material in thoraxes of honey bees of known adult age from eclosion to 28 days was measured. the amount was greater in older insects and exposure to ozone (ppm) augmented the rate of accumulation. the nearly constant daylight flying by the bees and the ozone effect suggest radical peroxidative origin of the fluorescence. the material was partially purified by chromatography. it is a relatively non-polar lipid.	1983	6673991