Publications

imported opisthorchis viverrini and parasite infections from thai labourers in taiwan.	in order to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among labourers from thailand in taiwan, the stool samples from 1364 thai labourers were examined by the formalin-ether concentration method and 18.0% were found to be infected with one or more parasites. the infection rates of hookworm, opisthorchis viverrini, strongyloides stercoralis, enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides, hymenolepis nana, capillaria philippinensis, schistosoma japonicum, echinostoma sp., entamoeba coli, gi ...	1993	8354853
serum igg reactivity with 41-, 31-, and 28-kda larval proteins of strongyloides stercoralis in individuals with strongyloidiasis.	proteins from a deoxycholate-soluble extract of strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae were separated by sds-page, blotted onto nitrocellulose paper, and reacted with sera from individuals with confirmed s. stercoralis infections (n = 100), suspected s. stercoralis infections in whom no larvae could be detected (n = 27), and other nematode infections (40 with wuchereria bancrofti, 20 with onchocerca volvulus, 20 with necator americanus, and 20 with mixed ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris tr ...	1993	8354924
estimation of intestinal nematode prevalence: influence of parasite mating patterns.	prevalence of infection with intestinal helminths is usually assessed through stool examination. there are limitations in using this technique to measure infection status, since some infected individuals have no patent infection. the relationship between infection assessed by stool examination and actual infection prevalence is investigated for the three major nematode species--ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and the hookworms--using a model which describes the presence of non-egg prod ...	1993	8356002
spectrum of cholangitis in a rural setting in north-eastern peninsular malaysia.		1993	8356738
comparative efficacy of a single 400 mg dose of albendazole or mebendazole in the treatment of nematode infections in children.	the relative efficacy of a single 400 mg dose of albendazole or mebendazole in the treatment of nematode infections was assessed in 2- to 9-year-old children living in two different bolivian rural communities. both agents were equally very effective (100% cure rate) in treating ascariasis. albendazole was clearly more active than mebendazole against hookworm infections, both in terms of egg reduction rate (92.8% vs. 62.4%) and cure rate (81.8% vs. 17.2%). as far as trichuriasis is concerned, alb ...	1993	8362451
pao, a highly divergent retrotransposable element from bombyx mori containing long terminal repeats with tandem copies of the putative r region.	analysis of aberrant ribosomal dna (rdna) repeats of bombyx mori resulted in the discovery of a 4.8 kilobase retrotransposable element, pao. approximately 40 copies of pao are present in the genome with most located outside the rdna units. the complete sequence of one pao element and partial sequence of four other copies indicated that pao encodes an 1158 amino acid open-reading frame (orf). located within this orf are domains with sequence similarity to retroviral gag genes, aspartic protease a ...	1993	8389039
glh-1, a germ-line putative rna helicase from caenorhabditis, has four zinc fingers.	we have cloned a family of putative rna helicases from the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. one of these, a cdna that we call glh-1, most closely matches in sequence and expression the previously described germ-line helicases pl10 from mouse and vasa from drosophila. the amino terminus of the predicted protein of glh-1 contains a set of glycine-rich repeats similar in location and sequence to those in the predicted vasa protein. however, unlike all other putative rna helicases, glh-1 ...	1993	8415696
ascariasis. an infection to watch for in immigrants.	infection with ascaris lumbricoides, a roundworm that invades the human digestive tract, affects about 25% of the world's population. manifestations of ascariasis vary and include constitutional symptoms, particularly pulmonary and gastrointestinal complaints. complications include pneumonitis, intestinal obstruction, and damage to vital organs. diagnosis is made in most cases by sampling stool for ova and parasites. treatment with an anthelmintic agent is usually effective in mild cases, and pr ...	1993	8418455
drosophila melanogaster does not share the telomeric repeat sequence of another invertebrate, ascaris lumbricoides.	the dna at the chromosomal termini of all eukaryotes from which it has been isolated contains a characteristic sequence motif consisting of tandem arrays of a regular or irregular repeat unit. these terminal repeats are thought to be essential for the maintenance of the chromosome ends. the sequences of the terminal repeats of all vertebrates studied thus far are identical and are similar enough to those of higher plants and some protozoans to cross-hybridize. however, previous studies have not ...	1993	8437589
intestinal parasitic infections and urbanization.	about a third of the population in the cities of developing countries live in slums and shanty towns. by the year 2000 it is estimated that this number will grow to 2200 million, and by 2025 about 57% of the population in developing countries will be in urban areas. the prevalence of infections caused by entamoeba histolytica and giardia intestinalis and the prevalence and intensity of ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infections may increase among the rural populations who are migrat ...	1993	8440028
ascariasis and acute otitis media.	ascaris lumbricoides has rarely been implicated in the causation of middle ear disease. an infant who developed acute suppurative otitis media while on antibiotics for an upper respiratory tract infection and who extruded an ascaris worm from the ear is presented. the otitis media subsequently resolved. our understanding of the pathophysiology of ascariasis in the eustachian tube and middle ear is discussed.	1993	8444548
a quantitative framework for evaluating the effect of community treatment on the morbidity due to ascariasis.	there is growing emphasis on the use of community treatment to reduce the level of morbidity caused by helminth infection. the design of chemotherapy programmes, in terms of frequency of treatment and proportion of the community treated, would be assisted by a quantitative framework which enabled the morbidity reduction achieved by different approaches to be compared. the present study describes a model developed for this purpose which embodies two innovative features. first, a quantitative scor ...	1993	8446474
[gastric ascariasis in a gastrectomy patient].		1993	8452710
heterogeneity amongst infected children in ige antibody repertoire to the antigens of the parasitic nematode ascaris.	plasmas from a sample of 6-year-old children chronically infected with ascaris lumbricoides were examined by immunoblotting for ige antibody to the pseudocoelomic fluid of adult parasites. this revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in the antibody repertoire to putative allergens of the parasite, such that none of those screened had identical recognition patterns. this heterogeneity occurred despite the fact that infection with a. lumbricoides involves both tissue-invasive and intestinal phase ...	1993	8453316
weight gain of kenyan school children infected with hookworm, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides is improved following once- or twice-yearly treatment with albendazole.	we studied growth in infected children given one dose (600 mg) or two doses of albendazole per school year. children were examined and allocated at random within sex by descending hookworm egg count to one of three groups: placebo (n = 93), one dose (1x, n = 96) or two doses (2x, n = 95). each child was treated and then re-examined and treated 3.6 and 8.2 mo later (exams 2 and 3). the 1x and 2x groups gained significantly more by exam 3 than the placebo group in weight (1.1 and 0.9 kg more, resp ...	1993	8463866
relationship between the degree of poverty and the ige response to ascaris infection in slum children.	we examined a group of urban slum children in caracas, venezuela, and demonstrated the relationship that exists between poverty, conditions of hygiene and the prevalence of helminth infection. concordant with the high prevalence of helminth infection in these children, the total serum levels of immunoglobulin e (ige) and blood eosinophilia were elevated and were directly related to the degree of poverty and lack of sanitary facilities. however, in contrast, the reverse pattern was observed for t ...	1993	8465384
assessment of the effectiveness of primary health care interventions in the control of three intestinal nematode infections in rural communities.	in a 30 months' longitudinal study, primary health care intervention was effective in reducing the prevalence of three common intestinal nematode infections (ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and necator americanus) in three communities. this was achieved by training school leavers and auxiliary aides as microscopists, health inspectors and field assistants and deploying them to provide screening, surveillance, environmental sanitation, and mass-expulsion chemotherapy (mec). post-control ...	1993	8475245
trichuris vulpis infection in an indian tribal population.	stools from 28 of the 82 inhabitants on remote little andaman island in india were examined for parasite eggs and cysts. trichuris trichiura eggs were found in 27, trichuris vulpis eggs in 5, strongyloides stercoralis larvae in 3, hookworm eggs in 15, entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba coli cysts each in 9, giardia lamblia in 6, retortamonas sp. in 3, iodoamoeba sp. in 2, and chilomastix sp. in 2 stools. ascaris lumbricoides eggs were not seen. the occurrence of t. vulpis eggs in 5 stools and t ...	1993	8501609
physical fitness, growth and appetite of kenyan school boys with hookworm, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides infections are improved four months after a single dose of albendazole.	we studied physical fitness with the harvard step test, growth, and appetite in primary school boys infected with hookworm (96% baseline prevalence), trichuris trichiura (98% prevalence) and ascaris lumbricoides (41% prevalence) who received a single 600-mg dose of albendazole or an identical placebo. boys were examined, allocated at random within pairs by descending hookworm egg count to placebo (n = 26) or albendazole (n = 27) groups, treated, and re-examined 4 mo later. four months after trea ...	1993	8505663
intrahepatic biliary stones: imaging features and a possible relationship with ascaris lumbricoides.	intrahepatic (ih) biliary stones are common in east asia as part of a disease known as oriental cholangiohepatitis (och). at a hospital serving non-oriental communities, 40 patients were diagnosed on ultrasound (us) during an 8-year period as having ih stones. follow-up showed that the diagnosis was false in three cases. in the 37 patients with ih stones, 33 conventional retrograde cholangiograms were done; 26 underestimated the ih abnormalities or missed them entirely. computed tomography (ct) ...	1993	8508594
ascarid granuloma presenting as pseudotumour.	three patients with histologically confirmed ascarid granuloma who presented clinically with abdominal masses simulating abdominal tuberculosis or lymphoma are described. the clinical course of one patient was complicated by the formation of a spontaneous faecal fistula and perforation of the terminal ileum. in two cases there was rupture of the inflammatory pseudotumour through the anterior abdominal wall.	1993	8511819
a case of biliary ascariasis accompanied by cholelithiasis.	a 43-year-old korean woman with biliary ascariasis accompanied by cholelithiasis is reported. her chief complaints were abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. she had the past history of several attacks of abdominal pain in her childhood. biliary stones were recovered from the left hepatic duct after cholecystectomy, which contained degenerated cuticle or body wall, and numerous eggs of ascaris lumbricoides. it is strongly suggested that the biliary stones were formed from the dead ascaris worm(s ...	1993	8512903
concurrent parasitic infections in onchocerciasis and the occurrence of adverse reactions after ivermectin treatment.	ivermectin is a safe, effective, and relatively well-tolerated drug for the treatment of human onchocerciasis. however, due to side effects of the drug, large-scale ivermectin distribution without medical supervision is not recommended. the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ivermectin-induced adverse reactions are not yet known. since onchocerciasis patients are likely to have concurrent parasitic infections, we investigated whether side effects that occur after ivermectin treatment cou ...	1993	8517484
improvement of the merthiolate-iodine-formalin (mif) fecal technique for hookworm, trichuris trichiura, and ascaris lumbricoides eggs.	the merthiolate-iodine-formalin (mif) technique to detect human intestinal parasites in feces was inefficient for the detection of hookworm and trichuris trichiura eggs. addition of a saturated-brine flotation step increased recovery of hookworm eggs by 77% and trichuris trichiura eggs by 87%. recovery of ascaris lumbricoides also was increased by 71%. this was a significant improvement in the sensitivity of the mif technique for these 3 kinds of human parasite.	1994	8195951
intrahepatic biliary stones in south africa.		1994	8197508
status of soil-transmitted helminthic infection in nepal.	a retrospective evaluation of the status of soil-transmitted helminthic infection in nepal during the period from 1985 to 1992 was conducted at the parasitology laboratory, department of pathology, tu teaching hospital in kathmandu. an average of 6,537 faecal samples were examined each year for the presence of various types of intestinal parasites. the annual rate of positivity of these samples for soil-transmitted helminthiasis ranged from 18.0 to 36.6%. the annual incidence decreased every suc ...	1994	8207290
macrophages from schistosomal egg granulomas induce unresponsiveness in specific cloned th-1 lymphocytes in vitro and down-regulate schistosomal granulomatous disease in vivo.	we previously have proposed that accessory cells from individuals infected with schistosomiasis induce unresponsiveness in specific th-1 lymphocytes resulting in the immunologic down-regulation of egg-induced granulomatous inflammation characteristically seen in this disease. we now show that macrophages isolated from schistosomal egg granulomas (gm) fail to serve as stimulatory apc for cloned, murine schistosomal egg ag (sea)-specific, cd4+, th-1-type lymphocytes, while being able to stimulate ...	1994	8120394
ivermectin in human medicine.	ivermectin is a potent macro-cyclic lactone causing paralysis in many nematodes and arthropods through an influx of chloride ions across cell membranes. it is currently the drug of choice for human onchocerciasis and shows potent microfilaricidal activity against the other major filarial parasites of human (wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, loa loa and mansonella ozzardi) but not against m. perstans. whether or not it also kills the adult-stage of these parasites is currently under study. ive ...	1994	7814280
worm infestations and strict vegetarians.		1994	7827613
genetic relatedness as a determinant of predisposition to ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infection.	the present study examines the role of host genetics in predisposition to ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infection, by comparing the associations between age-standardized infection intensities of parents and their children (genetically related), with age-standardized infection intensities of parents alone (not related), within families previously demonstrated to exhibit familial predisposition. the lack of a consistent trend in infection intensity associations within families, in p ...	1994	8152858
albendazole and infections with ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura in children in bangladesh.	two hundred and forty-five children infected with trichuris trichiura, 143 of whom were also infected with ascaris lumbricoides, were treated with albendazole as follows: single doses of either 600 mg or 800 mg, or daily doses of 400 mg for either 3 d or 5 d. three stools were examined over a period of 10 d after treatment and again after nearly 40 d, using a quantitative microscopical technique. albendazole appeared to act slowly against a. lumbricoides but within 10 d all dosages had cured abo ...	1994	8153985
aggregation and predisposition to ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura at the familial level.	this study examines the persistence of familial aggregation and familial predisposition to ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura infection over 2 periods of treatment and reinfection, in an urban community in kuala lumpur, malaysia. both parasite species were shown to be aggregated (assessed by the variance to mean ratio) within families at all 3 interventions, although no consistent trend in aggregation was observed over the period of the study. associations between mean a. lumbricoides ...	1994	8153999
[blind treatment or treatment oriented to intestinal parasitoses in a parisian health center for refugees].	the comede health care center for political refugees received 4,414 first arrivals from 70 african, asian and south american countries in 1989. many arrived from areas where intestinal parasitic infections are endemic, and where infections by nematodes (ancyclostoma duodenale, necator americanus, ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, strongyloides stercoralis), trematodes (schistosoma hematobium, schistosoma stercoralis) and protozoa (entamoeba coli) cause significant morbidity. the questio ...	1994	8162360
[second report on intestinal parasites among the patients of seoul paik hospital (1984-1992)].	the results of fecal examination for helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in seoul paik hospital during 1984-1992 are reported. fecal specimens of a total of 52,552 out- or inpatients were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation and/or direct smear method. the overall egg positive rate of helminths was 6.5% and the cyst positive rate of protozoa 2.5%. the egg positive rate (number of positive cases) for each species of helminth was; clonorchis sinensis 3.2% (1,667), trichuris trichiura 2.0% (1,089 ...	1994	8167105
the prevalence of infection by intestinal parasites in an urban slum in são paulo, brazil.	sedimentation parasitological examinations were performed in stool specimens from a random household-based sample of 407 dwellers, all age groups being represented, in a slum of são paulo, south-eastern brazil. intestinal parasites were detected in 45.7% of the specimens. the most prevalent parasites in this population were ascaris lumbricoides (23.8%) and trichuris trichiura (17.2%); only 17 individuals (4.2%) harboured giardia duodenalis and 6 (1.5%) harboured entamoeba histolytica. taenia and ...	1994	8170003
transcription of a nematode u1 small nuclear rna in vitro. 3'-end formation requires cis-acting elements within the coding sequence.	we have used block-substitution mutagenesis and in vitro transcription assays to identify cis-acting dna sequence elements important for initiation and 3'-end formation of a u1 small nuclear rna (snrna) in the parasitic nematode ascaris lumbricoides. efficient initiation of synthesis by rna polymerase ii requires a compact element centered approximately 50 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site. surprisingly, 3'-end formation of u1 snrnas synthesized in vitro is solely dependent u ...	1994	8175641
effect of ivermectin (mectizan) on intestinal nematodes.	ancillary to a community based mass treatment campaign of onchocerciasis with ivermectin, assessment of the drug's effect on various intestinal nematodes was made in bebeka, southwest ethiopia between 23 april and 23 july, 1990. a total of 231 people were invited for the study and all consented. from each, stool specimen was collected before treatment, two weeks and three months after administration of ivermectin at a dose of 150 mcg/kg body weight. various intestinal parasites were observed in ...	1994	8187782
[helminth and protozoan findings in the water of school swimming pools].	in the year 1993 repeated parasitological examinations of water and the equipment of an indoor school swimming pool were made. the sanitary and hygienic regime of the swimming pool was not respected and parasitological findings corresponded to this fact. examinations of the swimming pool revealed the presence of helminths--ascaris lumbricoides, enterobius vermicularis and taenia saginata, as well as of protozoa--giardia intestinalis and entamoeba coli. the parasites were detected in samples take ...	1994	7953088
the evaluation of potential global morbidity attributable to intestinal nematode infections.	this paper presents a method of estimating the potential global morbidity due to human intestinal nematode infections (ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and hookworms), based on the observed prevalence of infection. the method relies on the observed relationships between prevalence and intensity of infection, and between worm burden and potential morbidity. this approach is shown to be sensitive to the precision of the original prevalence estimates and, in particular, to the degree of sp ...	1994	7970892
the development and validation of an age-structured model for the evaluation of disease control strategies for intestinal helminths.	epidemiological modelling can be a useful tool for the evaluation of parasite control strategies. an age-structured epidemiological model of intestinal helminth dynamics is developed. this model includes the explicit representation of changing worm distributions between hosts as a result of treatment, and estimates the morbidity due to heavy infections. the model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of different programmes of age-targeted community chemotherapy in reducing the amount of morbidi ...	1994	7970893
eosinophilic cellulitis (wells' syndrome) associated with ascariasis.	a case of eosinophilic cellulitis (wells' syndrome) in association with ascariasis is described. the clinical and histopathologic features of the patient responded well to an oral anthelminthic drug. according to our search, this association has not previously been reported.	1994	7976090
[biliary ascariasis--a case report].	a 60-year-old male suffered from abdominal pain, chills and fever for two weeks. a vivid ascaris lumbricoides in the common bile duct and intrahepatic ducts was identified in operation. chronic cholecystitis was also noted. we discuss the findings of multiple image modalities in biliary ascariasis and review the literature.	1994	7983699
characterization of a dna-binding factor that recognizes the 22-base pair trans-spliced leader sequence in ascaris lumbricoides.		1994	7984176
prevalence of intestinal parasites in rural areas of district shahjahanpur, uttar pradesh.	a stool survey was carried out in some of the villages of dadraul and bhawal khera phc's of district shahjahanpur (uttar pradesh). out of 381 individuals examined 111 (29.2 per cent) were found positive for one or the other intestinal parasite. ascaris lumbricoides superseded all the parasites by showing a positivity of 17.85 percent. other parasites found were hookworm, hymenolepis nana, tapeworm, trichuris trichiura, enterobius vermicularis, entamoeba histolytica, e. coli and giardia lamblia. ...	1994	7989672
enzyme polymorphisms in ascaris lumbricoides in bangladesh.	fourteen enzymes of ascaris lumbricoides were analysed electrophoretically on cellulose acetate plates; 8 stained well and 3 were found to be polymorphic. allelic and genotypic frequencies at the 3 polymorphic enzyme loci, mpi, pgi and 6-pgd, were determined in a sample of 117 worms from 8 children living in different houses in an urban slum in bangladesh. allele frequencies in samples of parasites from the different children were compared to test for the possibility of non-random distribution o ...	1994	7992352
[evaluation of a technique of sedimentation in tubes].	the efficiency of sedimentation in test tubes for the detection of eggs of ancylostomidae, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides was tested in 80 mm-high columns of fecal suspensions. dilutions of 2.0%, 1.5% and 1.0% were tested by using samples containing, respectively, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 150.0 and 200.0 eggs per gram (epg) of each helminth under study. efficiency was evaluated in terms of frequency of positive results and eggs per slide of the sediment (0.078 ml). both the frequen ...	1994	7997791
forty-two patients with acute ascaris pancreatitis in china.	acute pancreatitis caused by ascaris lumbricoides is more common in certain areas than is generally appreciated. we report a series of 42 patients, mostly young adult women, admitted to our hospital in hunan province, china, during the period january, 1983 to december, 1992. the diagnosis was based on the detection of worms by ultrasonography, and on the presence of severe upper abdominal pain and tenderness and raised serum amylase level without other apparent causes. only 2 patients had necrot ...	1994	8000521
eight genes and alternative rna processing pathways generate an unexpectedly large diversity of cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans.	cytoplasmic intermediate filament (if) proteins of caenorhabditis elegans are encoded by a dispersed multigene family comprising at least eight genes which map to three linkage groups. exon sequences and intron patterns define three distinct subfamilies. while all eight if genes display the long coil 1b subdomain of nuclear lamins, only six genes (a1-a4, b1 and b2) retain a lamin-like tail domain. two genes (c1 and c2) have acquired entirely novel tail domains. the overall sequence identity of t ...	1994	8013462
excretion of ascaris lumbricoides during total body irradiation.	we describe the excretion of ascaris lumbicoides, an intestinal roundworm, in the emesis of an asymptomatic patient undergoing total body irradiation. this suggests that ascaris is sensitive to irradiation.	1994	8019476
images in clinical medicine. ascaris lumbricoides.		1994	8022441
intestinal parasitism in the united states: update on a continuing problem.	to document patterns of intestinal parasitism in the united states, we analyzed results of 216,275 stool specimens examined by the state diagnostic laboratories in 1987; parasites were found in 20.0%. percentages were highest for protozoans: giardia lamblia (7.2%), entamoeba coli and endolimax nana (4.2% each), blastocystis hominis (2.6%), and entamoeba histolytica (0.9%). the most commonly identified helminths were nematodes: hookworm (1.5%), trichuris trichiura (1.2%), and ascaris lumbricoides ...	1994	8024063
extremely stable transcripts may compensate for the elimination of the gene fert-1 from all ascaris lumbricoides somatic cells.	the single-copy gene fert-1 becomes eliminated from all somatic cells during the process of chromatin diminution in ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. by using northern blot and in situ hybridization techniques, we have analyzed its rather unusual expression pattern. different splicing and 3' end formation events generate in a developmentally regulated manner various poly(a)+ and poly(a)- fert-1 rna species. the lack of any significant open reading frame in most of its rna products indicates that f ...	1994	8026638
nucleotide sequence of an onchocerca volvulus cdna clone encoding an antigen homologous with the intermediate filament protein family.	a series of clones were isolated from an o. volvulus lambda gt11 cdna library on the basis of strong recognition by sera from both onchocerca volvulus or wuchereria bancrofti patients. several of these clones encoded a protein which clearly belonged to the intermediate filament (if) class, and had most similarity with a1if-a from ascaris lumbricoides and a number of if proteins from molluscs. western blotting experiments implied that the first coiled domain appears to be markedly less antigenic ...	1994	8026911
[prevalence of intestinal parasites among thais in israel].	stool samples from 93 thais working in israel were examined for the presence of parasites. the overall prevalence of infection by 1 or more species was 74%. opisthorchis viverrini and hookworm were the most prevalent parasites (51.6% and 44.1%, respectively). they were also the parasites most frequently found in mixed infections; about a quarter of the workers were infected with both. other helminths found in only a few cases were: fasciolopsis buski (3 cases), taenia sp. (3), paragonimus sp. (1 ...	1994	8034263
[epidemiologic setting of the agricultural use of sewage: valle del mezquital, mexico].	wastewater from mexico city is used to irrigate over 85,000 hectares mainly of fodder and cereal crops in the mezquital valley. a cross-sectional study method is being used to test the impact of exposure to raw wastewater and wastewater from storage reservoirs on diarrheal disease and parasitic infections in farmworkers and their families. the study population in the rainy season survey included 1,900 households: 680 households where the farmworker is exposed to untreated wastewater (exposed gro ...	1994	8042068
[effect of combined chemotherapy against human intestinal nematode eggs].	the effect of a combination of albendazole and mebendazole was evaluated by stool examination in 7 patients with ascaris lumbricoides eggs, 7 patients with trichuris trichiura eggs and 9 patients with hookworm eggs. albendazole and mebendazole were given at 300 mg and 375 mg, respectively. both drugs were divided into 3 parts, one part b. id., and given in 1.5 days. the fecal eggs turned negative in all the patients with ascaris infection in 3 days, while the fecal eggs were negative in all pati ...	1994	8044908
ribosomal heterogeneity from chromatin diminution in ascaris lumbricoides.	the genome of ascaris lumbricoides encodes both germline- and soma-specific proteins homologous to the eukaryotic small ribosomal protein (rp) s19. the two ascaris homologs differ by 24 amino acid substitutions and are both components of the small ribosomal subunits. in oocytes, the germline rps19 homolog (rps19g) predominates. during chromatin diminution, however, the gene is eliminated from all presomatic cells, and rps19g is replaced by the product of the somatic gene (rps19s). chromatin dimi ...	1994	8052853
diagnosis and treatment of common intestinal helminths. ii: common intestinal nematodes.	in the second article of this series, we discuss the diagnosis and treatment of some important intestinal nematodes. common parasites discussed in detail include ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, hookworm, and enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). in addition, strongyloides stercoralis has emerged as an important pathogen in immunocompromised patients, and capillaria philippinensis is now recognized as an important cause of diarrhea in asia. finally, anisakiasis and other illnesses due to ...	1994	8055230
physical activity and growth of kenyan school children with hookworm, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides infections are improved after treatment with albendazole.	growth, activity, appetite and intestinal helminth infections were compared for 55 kenyan primary school children with hookworm (93% prevalence), t. trichiura (84% prevalence) and a. lumbricoides (29% prevalence) before and 9 wk after treatment with three 400-mg doses of albendazole (zentel) or placebo. fecal samples were examined for helminth eggs using a modified kato technique. activity was measured during free-play with motion recorders on the dominant thigh. children rated their appetites o ...	1994	8074755
socio-economic factors associated with intestinal parasites among children living in gombak, malaysia.	fecal specimens collected from 456 school children in gombak, malaysia, revealed an overall prevalence rate of 62.9%. the most common parasite found was trichuris trichiura (47.1%) followed by giardia intestinalis (14.7%), entamoeba coli (11.4%), entamoeba histolytica (9.9%) and ascaris lumbricoides (7.9%). infection rates were high among the indonesian immigrant workers' children (90%) followed by the orang asli (79.5%), malay (59.4%) and indians (36.4%). females (66.3%) had a higher prevalence ...	1994	8074940
an 18-month study of the effect of periodic anthelminthic treatment on the growth and nutritional status of pre-school children in bangladesh.	an 18-month study was conducted from february 1989 to august 1990 to examine the effect of regular deworming on child growth and nutritional status. a sample of 1402 children, from 2 to 6 years old, were divided into a treatment group and a control group. the 688 children in the treatment group received a 500 mg single dose of mebendazole, while the 714 children in the control group were given a placebo. height, weight and mid-upper arm circumference (muac) were measured on monthly household vis ...	1994	8080233
ascariasis, hookworm infection and serum retinol amongst children in nepal.	the study reports on the association between serum retinol levels and prevalence of two intestinal helminths in a random sample of 592 children, 6-120 months of age. faecal analyses were performed by kato thick-smear technique, recording the presence of hookworm and ascaris lumbricoides eggs. serum retinol levels were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and expressed in micrograms/dl. the presence of ascaris lumbricoides eggs was associated with lower levels of serum retinol ...	1994	8090537
effect of ivermectin on infection with gastro-intestinal nematodes in sierra leone.	levels of intestinal nematode infections were assessed six months after a two year trial of ivermectin for efficacy against onchocerciasis had ended. in the trial the inhabitants of six villages in sierra leone were offered treatment with ivermectin or placebo at six monthly intervals for four rounds in total. quantitative faecal egg counts were carried out on stool samples provided by 202 subjects, all of whom had received all four rounds of treatment, in two of the villages (dodo and mogibisi) ...	1994	7829838
[intestinal parasite and clonorchis sinensis infection among the inhabitants in the upper stream of taechong dam, kumgang (river)].	the prevalence of intestinal parasites and clonorchis sinensis infection was observed among inhabitants in the upper stream of kumgang (river) from january to october 1991. a total of 743 fecal specimens was examined by cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether concentration technique. the parasite positive rate including helminth eggs and protozoan cysts was 40.8%, the positive rates for every species were: clonorchis sinensis 30.8%, metagonimus spp. 14.5%, fasciola spp. 0.7%, taenia spp. 1.5%, ...	1994	7834237
cryptosporidiosis among medical patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in tikur anbessa teaching hospital, ethiopia.	fresh stool specimens, collected at random from 63 medical in-patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), were studied prospectively for cryptosporidium oocyst. the diagnosis of aids was made according to the clinical case definition of the bangui criteria. these patients presented with profuse watery diarrhoea, significant weight loss and other associated symptoms and signs of clinical manifestations of symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. using the modified ki ...	1994	7835259
gut parasites in hiv-seropositive zambian adults with diarrhoea.	we undertook a nine month study to define the frequency of parasitic infections in adults with diarrhoea presenting at the medical filter clinic and the dermatovenereology clinic of the university teaching hospital in lusaka, zambia. a total of 287 patients with diarrhoea were enrolled in the study; 130 from the adult medicine filter clinic recruitment consulting room and 157 patients from the dermatovenereology clinic. of 130 patients from the adult filter clinic, 85 (65%) were hiv-seropositive ...	1994	7835260
intestinal parasitoses in the kandy area, sri lanka.	the prevalence of intestinal protozoa and geohelminths was assessed among two diverse populations in the kandy area: adults attending medical outpatients clinics at the teaching hospital peradeniya, and pre-school children in low-cost housing areas within the kandy municipality. in addition to a brief history and examination, a fresh stool sample was obtained and examined by direct smears in saline and iodine, and by formol-ether concentration. the children's stool samples were also examined for ...	1994	7777909
the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths in some rural villages in northern peninsular malaysia.	the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths in five rural villages in northern peninsular were investigated. generally the prevalence and intensity of infection were low in the 0-10- and above 50-year-old age groups when compared with other age groups. the prevalence and intensity of infection in the five villages were quite similar, because of similar socio-economic status. the highest intensity was observed for ascaris lumbricoides, followed by hookworms and trichuris trichiura.	1994	7855643
gastric ascariasis associated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.		1994	7855667
urban schistosoma mansoni near enyau river in arua town, uganda.	using the kato katz method for quantification of parasitic eggs in faeces, 500 individuals aged between 4 and 50 years, living along river enyau, half a kilometre from arua town, were studied to assess the prevalence of schistosoma mansoni in the population. the overall prevalence of schistosoma mansoni infection was 62%. the infection was highest among school children (71.1%, i.e. 199 out of 280). villagers who lived along the immediate vicinity of the river had a 62.8% prevalence of infection ...	1994	7875097
onchocerca volvulus and acanthocheilonema viteae: cloning of cdnas for muscle-cell intermediate filaments.		1994	7886042
the population biology and control of necator americanus in a village community in south-eastern china.	the population dynamic parameters of necator americanus infections were estimated from longitudinal intensity and prevalence data from a village in south-eastern china. the theoretical predictions of a deterministic model incorporating these parameters were then compared with observed, horizontal, age-prevalence data from an infected population (n = 565), and an estimate of the basic reproduction rate (r0 = 3.7) of n. americanus was obtained. the findings indicate that populations of n. american ...	1994	7893178
biliary ascariasis and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a report of two cases.	we report two cases of rural malay women in perak, malaysia, with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and coexistent biliary ascariasis. in both cases, the narrowed bile duct may have resulted in inability of the migratory nematode to return to the gastrointestinal tract. it may be reasonable, also, to postulate that chronic biliary tract infestation by ascaris lumbricoides may have contributed to the development of cholangiocarcinoma; a situation similar to that observed in liver fluke infestation.	1994	7899902
geohelminth infections in school-aged children in jamaica.	there is concern that geohelminthiasis may adversely affect the growth and development of children. the relevance of this in the caribbean is unclear since in many territories the prevalence of geohelminths is unknown. we report the results of three surveys conducted in jamaican primary schools located in areas at high risk for geohelminthiasis. the first was conducted in 12 kingston schools and comprised children in grades 2 to 5 (aged 7 to 10 years). the second and third surveys were conducted ...	1994	7900373
proteinase inhibitors: another new fold.	the three-dimensional descriptions of two serine proteinase inhibitors from the parasitic worm ascaris--one in solution and the other in a complex with its substrate--reveal a new structural motif.	1994	7922036
high-resolution structure of ascaris trypsin inhibitor in solution: direct evidence for a ph-induced conformational transition in the reactive site.	the ascaris trypsin inhibitor (ati) is a member of a new family of serine protease inhibitors isolated from the helminthic worm ascaris lumbricoides var suum. this family comprises five chymotrypsin/elastase inhibitors and one trypsin inhibitor. members are characterized by the presence of five disulfide bonds (two of which are located on either side of the reactive site) in a single small protein domain of 61-62 residues.	1994	7922043
the spliceosomal u small nuclear rnas of ascaris lumbricoides.		1994	7935614
prevalence of some intestinal helminths in port harcourt university of port harcourt teaching hospital, nigeria.	the prevalence of some intestinal helminths in port harcourt, nigeria was studied over five years period (1987-1991). a total of 7476 patients' stools were examined microscopically. forty-six per cent was infested with either one or more of these helminths in descending order of prevalence: ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, trichuris trichiura and strongyloides stercoralis. there was sex and age variation in infection rates of the infected population. forty-seven per cent of the patients were male ...	1994	7756187
survey of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children of primary school age.	a survey of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in primary school children was carried out in nimo in njikoka local government area of anambra state, nigeria. stool samples were taken from children belonging to eight (8) primary schools in the area. of the 1,536 stool samples examined using light microscopy after formalether centrifugation, 922 (60%) harboured one or more parasites. the prevalence of the parasites was as follows: ascaris lumbricoides (20.8%); trichuris trichiura, (15.3%); nec ...	1994	7756189
[a coprological study of intestinal infections in northern morocco (provinces of tangier, tetuán and larache)].	an epidemiological study on intestinal parasites has been carried out in northern morocco (province of tangier, tetuan and larache). a comparative study has been made at a provincial, city and areas (urban and rural) level. also the spi (simple parasitism index) and the cpi (comparative parasitism index) distribution.	1994	7716431
[report on the first nationwide survey of the distribution of human parasites in china. 1. regional distribution of parasite species].	a nationwide (taiwan province not included) survey of the distribution of human parasites in china during 1988-1992 was conducted under the auspices of the ministry of public health, with stratified masses randomly sampling. a total of 2,848 pilot sites in 726 counties with a population of 1,477,742 were surveyed, according to unified standard, unified diagnostic method and control quality. the overall infection rate of parasites was 62. 632%. among them, the infection rate was over 50% in 17 pr ...	1994	7720194
[prevalence of infection by intestinal helminths and protozoa in school children from a coastal locality in the province of valdivia, chile].	during july-august 1989, 219 coprological samples from primary school children from niebla and los molinos localities (39 degrees 52's, 73 degrees 26'w) in the coast of province of valdivia, chile, were analysed. prevalence % (in parentheses) of infection by intestinal protozoa and helminths were the followings: entamoeba histolytica: (18.0), entamoeba coli (34.0), endolimax nana (34.4), iodamoeba buetschlii (7.4), blastocystis hominis (64.3), giardia intestinalis (27.9) chilomastix mesnili (0.8 ...	1994	7654292
prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections in kao district, north halmahera, indonesia.	a parasitological survey was conducted on the inhabitants of six villages of kao district, halmahera island, north maluku, indonesia, in july 1993. a total of 422 fecal samples were examined by using kato-katz thick smear, modified harada-mori culture and formalin ether concentration techniques. seven nematode species, ie ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale, strongyloides stercoralis, enterobius vermicularis and unidentified rhabditoids of free-li ...	1994	7667724
intestinal helminth infections in rural school children in njala, sierra leone.	in a survey of five primary schools and one secondary school in and around the njala university college environment, in southern sierra leone, 1820 school children were examined. ascaris lumbricoides was the most common helminth encountered (33.3%) followed by trichuris trichiura (14.6%) and hookworm infection (10.4%). there was striking differences in the rate of infection between the various schools with the international school being the least affected by all parasites. multiple infections we ...	1994	7705250
tas, a retrotransposon from the parasitic nematode ascaris lumbricoides.	the cloned retrotransposon tas oe3 from the genome of the parasitic nematode ascaris lumbricoides was completely sequenced. the element is flanked by long terminal repeats (ltr) and contains three distinct regions encoding putative proteins typical for retroid elements. the first region, orf1, encodes a putative gag protein including a 'leu zipper', a nucleic acid binding motif, as well as an aspartic protease domain. the second region contains an incomplete orf (orf2) with sequence similarities ...	1994	7525414
schistosomiasis in the republic of são tomé and principe: human studies.	the only schistosome species found in stool specimens in the local population of the republic of são tomé is schistosoma intercalatum. an initial survey of schoolchildren showed an overall prevalence of 10.9%, with some schools reaching 29%. no s. haematobium egg was found in 782 urine specimens from the local population, although some were seen in the urine of angolan soldiers stationed near the capital city. one village in the endemic area, san marçal, had an s. intercalatum prevalence of 43%, ...	1994	7570818
[ecoepidemiology of ascaris lumbricoides in an endemic area and its relation with blood groups].	185 children 1 to 14 years old living in the suburb of san rafael (zulia state, venezuela) were selected for this study with the following results: eggs of ascaris lumbricoides in the stool samples before administration of a drug to the children and the worms recovered after drug, induced expulsion, showed a high aggregation (k = 0.115 and k = 0.122, respectively); the aggregation of the recovered worms was more intense in girls (k = 0.083), than in boys (k = 0.220); among the blood groups, a. l ...	1994	9239849
[new interpretation of the quantitative fecal examination in humans].	the pattern of spatial disposition of eggs of the parasites (ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and ancylostomidae) into the faeces was found overdispersed, independently of the technique of coprodiagnosis used (direct smear without standarisation, stoll, shore & lynch, kato-katz and mc master). therefore, differences were not detected in the interpretation of the results among the techniques at the population level, in quantitative studies. in an overdispersed pattern, only few hosts are ...	1994	9239850
parasitic causes of pancreatic and biliary tract disease: a growing concern in a highly mobile population.	a leading cause of biliary tract disease and pancreatitis worldwide is parasitic disease. in the united states, increased global travel and the aids epidemic has led to a rise in the frequency of parasitic disease. biliary disease and pancreatic disease secondary to parasitic infestation is relatively new in this country, with the first case being described in 1977. these diseases are no longer the exclusive realm of infectious disease specialists and require general practitioners and gastroente ...	1994	20058432
intestinal worms: strategies to control disease.	of the 512 million inhabitants of sub-saharan africa, an estimated 200-250 million are infected with the following intestinal nematodes: ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, and hookworm. disease in not more common or evident in this population, however, because most species of worms do not multiply in their hosts and because these worms have a life-span of 1-3 years so worm burdens are acquired gradually over a period of years. also, disease caused by worms is usually related to worm b ...	1994	12345751
intestinal parasitic infections and swamp development in sierra leone.	the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and other intestinal and urogenital parasites were assessed in five inland valley swamp (ivs) development faming communities in the moyamba district, south-central sierra leone. stool and urine samples were submitted by 1106 individuals and examined by the iron-haematoxylin staining and the formalin-ether concentration techniques for faecal sample and centrifugation method for the urine samples. the overall parasitic infection rate was 61. ...	1994	12153344
germ-line determination in caenorhabditis and ascaris: will a helicase begin to unravel the mystery?	how cell lineages are established during development in higher eukaryotes is being addressed by geneticists and by developmental and molecular biologists. in drosophila melanogaster, a gene corresponding to a germ-line-specific rna helicase, vasa, has been shown to be a component o f the posteriorly localized germ granules o f the developing embryo. a putative rna helicase, glh-i r which appears germ-line specific in its expression, has recently been reported from the free-living nematode caenor ...	1994	15275493
contamination of soil with parasite eggs in surabaya, indonesia.	soil was examined for contamination by parasite eggs in surabaya indonesia. surveys were carried out on three occassion; july, 1993 (dry season), march, 1994 (rainy season), and august, 1994 (dry season). throughout the study, five species of nematode eggs (ascaris lumbricoides, toxocara cati, trichuris trichiura, physaloptera sp, capillaria sp), two species of cestode eggs (hymenolepis diminuta, spirometra erinacei), and one species of protozoa oocyst (isospora felis) were detected. the contami ...	1995	9139385
parasitic contamination of stored water used for drinking/cooking in hyderabad.	a study was undertaken to investigate the parasitic contamination of water in hyderabad city, india. a total of 232 samples of water were collected from different places; social welfare hostels, small restaurants, different households, public places like railway stations, bus depots, street food vendors, hand washings from the food handlers, and vegetable washings from vegetable vendors. of these 232 samples 61 samples indicated the presence of pathogenic parasites which include protozoans (cyst ...	1995	9139396
field evaluation of an improved kato-katz thick smear technique for quantitative determination of helminth eggs in faeces.	a new method for the quantification of helminth eggs in faeces was developed, in which 7.5% nigrosin in 10% formaldehyde mixed with 5% eosin yellow in 10% formaldehyde was substituted for the malachite green solution used in the standard kato-katz method. this modification revealed the eggs of parasites like schistosoma mansoni, ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and hookworms distinctly. the slides made with this new technique could be accurately read within one hour. faecal smears from ...	1995	8826110
[intestinal geohelminthosis in man and domestic animals in the riverside sections of the valdivia river basin, chile].	in march-october 1987 were analyzed 1295 coprological specimens in a sample of the human population who lives in riverside localities in the valdivia river basin, chile. a 23.6% of examined persons presented infection by one or more helminth species. the prevalence of infection by ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and trichostrongylidae gen. sp. were 15.5, 12.7 and 0.2%, respectively. the prevalence of human ascariosis and trichuriosis were greater in pre-school and school children. the ...	1995	8762668
[comparison of 3 techniques in the serological diagnosis of human hydatidosis].	three serological techniques for hydatid disease were compared using 60 human serum samples obtained from 29 patients with hydatidosis previously demonstrated by surgery, 15 apparently healthy individuals and 16 persons with different pathologies. the results obtained with these 3 techniques showed some differences that could associate with the anatomical location of the parasite and the biological stage of the hydatid cysts. the global sensitivity of the techniques was 96.6% for elisa, 86.2% fo ...	1995	8762676
[acute pancreatitis caused by ascaris lumbricoides in acute renal failure: case report].	a 26-year-old female patient with severe acute pancreatitis caused by ascaris lumbricoides and consecutive acute renal failure is described. acute pancreatitis is mostly caused by gallstones and acute or chronic alcohol ingestion. ascariasis as an etiologic factor of acute pancreatitis does not occur very often except in the tropical and subtropical regions, where it is widely distributed. the goal of this case report was to worn the clinicians to pay attention to this, in our country rarely occ ...	1995	8649171
viability of ascaris suum, ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris muris eggs to alkaline ph and different temperatures.	disposal of wastewater sludges in agricultural soil is a way to recover mineral and organic substances. nevertheless disposing and handling such untreated, potentially contaminated sludges may be hazardous for human health and the environment. the aim of this study is to evaluate a method for sludge decontamination consisting in alkaline treatment with ammonia at different temperatures (22 degrees c, 30 degrees c, 40 degrees c) to establish its effects on the survival of ascaris suum, ascaris lu ...	1995	8778663
schistosoma and geohelminth infections in mali, west africa.	we report on the prevalence of schistosomiasis and geohelminth infections in mali, central west africa, based on data from the national schistosomiasis control programme of mali (1982-1991) and from our recent surveys (1992-1993). combined national figures and regional data are presented from both surveys. schistosomiasis showed an overall prevalence of 30.1%, with lowest prevalence in sikasso region and highest prevalence in segou region. ascaris lumbricoïdes (0.12%) and trichuris trichiura (0. ...	1995	8849296