Publications

synthesis of 2-benzyloxy and 2-benzylthio analogues of primaquine as potential antimalarials.	a series of 2-benzyloxy and 2-benzylthio analogues of primaquine has been synthesized and evaluated against plasmodium berghei in the mouse and plasmodium cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. 8-aminoquinoline toxicity, as measured in the rane mouse screen, was reduced, and these compounds showed significant blood schizonticidal antimalarial activity in mice. in monkeys, significant tissue-schizonticidal activity was observed.	1977	409843
antimalarials. 10. synthesis of 4-substituted primaquine analogues as candidate antimalarials.	primaquine (i) has been extensively used in combination with other drugs in the radical cure of relapsing malaria as well as for prophylaxis or the interruption of transmission. this, coupled with the activity data reported for 4-methylprimaquine (ii), has led to the synthesis of a series of 14 4-substituted analogues of i. in addition, three side-chain analogues of ii were prepared. the compounds were tested for suppressive antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei in the rane mouse scre ...	1977	411930
cell mediated and humoral immunity in experimental plasmodium berghei infection.	adoptive passive transfer of immunity to plasmodium berghei infection has been investigated in an inbred strain of swiss mice. the mice were made hyperimmune by repeated passage of 10(3) parasites and subsequent therapy with an antimalarial drug. immune sera and cells obtained from thymus, spleen and peritoneal exudate were transferred to normal animals which were subsequently challenged with standard doses of p. berghei. it was observed that: (a) immune serum in high doses (0.5 ml/mouse) enhanc ...	1977	343309
exacerbation of experimental trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice by concomitant malaria.	the effect of malaria on the chronic phase of chagas' disease was investigated in mice. the animals were given plasmodium bergheri-infected red blood cells 2 to 12 months after their initial inoculation with trypomastigotes of 3 different strains of trypanosoma cruzi (y. cl and gilmar). in all the experiments carried out with one of the strains (cl), a somewhat variable but always considerable percentage of mice (average 39%) relapsed in to the acute phase of chagas' disease. this relapse was ch ...	1977	413912
[light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations on phagocytosis of plasmodium berghei infected erythrocytes by mouse macrophages [author's transl)].	peritoneal macrophages from mice were cultured in leighton tubes for 2 hours. thereafter suspensions of washed red blood corpuscles originating from plasmodium berghei-infected mice were offered to the cultured cells for phagocytosis. after 15 minutes of incubation 13,5% of the macrophages showed phagocytized parasites if the peritoneal cells came from malariaimmune mice. cells from normal mice or from infected mice had lower rates (4,8/9,1%). after an incubation of 3 hours about 50% of the cell ...	1977	414386
plasmodium berghei: relationship between mitosis and erythropoiesis in spleen cells of infected rats.		1977	598448
survival of aegyptianella pullorum, anaplasma marginale and various parasitic protozoa following prolonged storage in liquid nitrogen.	various protozoa species were examined using in vivo and in vitro methods to determine their ability to survive prolonged periods of storage in liquid nitrogen. the following protozoan species were successfully recovered after they had been cryopreserved for a period over 10 years: trypanosoma lewisi, t. cruzi, t. congolense, t. brucei, t. rhodesiense, t. gambiense, t. evansi, t. equinum, t. equiperdum, leishmania donovani, plasmodium berghei, p. praecox (relictum), babesia rodhaini and b. canis ...	1977	919686
structure of aplasmomycin.	a new antibiotic, aplasmomycin, was isolated from a broth cultivated with a marine isolate of actinomycete, and inhibits gram-positive bacteria in vitro and plasmodium berghei in vivo. it is a natural ionophore and the structure of the ag-salt was solved by an x-ray crystallographic analysis. it has symmetric structure having boron in the centre of the molecule.	1977	924893
antimalarial activity of saccharidic polymers of dapsone and sulfadimethoxine.	with the purpose of obtaining pro-drugs of dapsone and sulfadimethoxine, those chemotherapeutic agents were attached through covalent bonding to starch polymeric dialdehyde (sumstar-190). the antimalarial activity of the two resulting compounds - the dapsone saccharidic polymer (ps6) and the sulfadimethoxine saccharidic polymer (ps7) - in mice experimentally inoculated with plasmodium berghei was significantly increased with this molecular modification. mice infected with malaria and kept withou ...	1978	648235
lower azure b methylene blue ratios in giemsa type blood and malaria stains.	starting from ancient reports that rare samples of methylene blue were apparently sufficiently contaminated with azures to give red plasmodial and red purple nuclear chromatin in chenzinsky type methylene blue eosin stains, it was decided to determine how little azure b would suffice for such staining in methylene blue eosin stains. the traditional 1902 giemsa had an azure : methylene blue : eosin ratio of about 6 : 3 : 6.3 : 10; lillie's 1943 formula had a 5 : 7 : 10 ratio. in the current serie ...	1978	663946
babesia rodhaini: passive protection of mice with immune serum.	immune serum delayed the onset of parasitemia in both intact and splenectomized mice, but it neither prevented the development of babesia rodhaini infection nor protected the mice from death even with further supplementation of immune serum during the infection. the protective antibodies in the serum are more effective in their action on free b. rodhaini parasites than on infected erythrocytes; the parasites (free or inside the red cells) being direct targets for the antibodies. passive administ ...	1978	726044
the significance of plasma kinins in malaria.		1978	416663
immunity to plasmodium berghei in rats: reduced protective activity of immune spleen cells when transferred to recently infected rats.		1978	345537
modifications of primiaquine as antimalarials. 2. 5-phenylthio and 5-anilino derivatives of primaquine.	a number of 5-phenylthio and 5-anilino derivatives of primaquine have been prepared which are less toxic but less active than primaquine itself in murine and monkey antimalarial screens. it is apparent that the toxicity of primaquine can be diminished by introduction at position 5 of phenylthio, anilino, or phenoxy groups. however, the best hope for concomitant retention of high activity would seem to reside with the phenoxy moieties.	1978	412967
immunosuppression induced by plasmodium berghei and p. chabaudi infections in mice.		1978	377186
nutritional studies of the south eastern state peasant diet: studies of the effect of malarial infection (plasmodium berghei) on electrolyte changes in rats fed the peasants' diet.	1. plasmodium berghei (malaria infection) is not specifically related to the nutritional status of the host though nutritional status may aid the advance or elimination of the parasite. 2. the effect of the infection is more severe in low protein diets than in diets whose protein content was adequate. 3. there was no evidence of excessive urinary excretion of electrolytes in the infected rats. 4. it is suggested that low plasma levels of electrolytes in the infected rats were due to skin losses ...	1978	380218
regional depression of delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in mice infected with plasmodium berghei (nk65).		1978	347045
amino acid analogs iv:4-fluoroisoleucine.	4-fluoroisoleucine was produced by ammonolysis of 2-bromo-4-fluoro-3-methylpentanoic acid, which resulted from the bromofluorination of 4-methyl-2-pentenoic acid. it did not inhibit plasmodium berghei in mice at 640 mg/kg and was not toxic to the animals. the fluoroamino acid inhibited aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, myrothecium verrucaria, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and mucor mucedo in czapek solution agar at a concentration between 10(4) and 10(3) microgram/ml. growth of escherichia ...	1978	347050
immunopathological studies of plasmodium berghei berghei-infected mice: effect of cyclophosphamide.		1978	347101
fading of malaria immunity in mice.	fading of immunity in swiss and c3h/stz mice was progressive, and related to both, the interval elapsed since the last challenge infection and survival of parasites. in both mouse strains the proportion of mice that remained immune to challenge decreased with increasing fading periods. moreover, a shift from delayed mortality to a normal course of infection as seen in non-immune controls was observed in c3h/stz mice. early parameters of fading were increasing peak parasitaemias after challenge i ...	1978	347653
resolution of antimalarial agents via complex formation with alpha-(2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenylideneaminooxy) propionic acid.	the resolution of several antimalarial agents via pi-complex formation with alpha-(2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenylideneaminooxy) propionic acid (tapa) is reported. since this represents the first use of this agent for the resolution of amines, some details of the separations are presented. the method proved successful for resolving weakly alkaline amines that did not form stable salts with common resolving acids, highly insoluble amines that did not form soluble salts with usual resolving acids, ...	1978	349156
folate antagonists. 10. synthesis and antimalarial effects of 6-[[(aryl and aralkyl)amino]methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamines and -pteridinediamine 8-oxides.	various 6-[[(aryl and aralkyl)amino]methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamines and their 8-oxides have been synthesized for antimalarial evaluation. condensation of 3-amino-6-(bromomethyl)-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxide (v) with the appropriately substituted amine afforded a series of 3-amino-6-[[(aryl and aralkyl)amino]methyl]-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxides vi. deoxygenation gave the corresponding pyrazines vii. cyclization of vi and vii with guanidine then produced the desired 6-(aminomethyl)-2,4-pteridin ...	1978	349157
folate antagonists. 11. synthesis and antimalarial effects of 6-[(aryloxy- and arylthio-)methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamines and -pteridinediamine 8-oxides.	condensation of 3-amino-6-(bromomethyl)-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxide with 4-chlorophenol gave 3-amino-6-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxide (1), which was deoxygenated to obtain the de-n-oxide 4. cyclization of 4 and 1 produced 6-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamine and the 8-oxide, respectively. 6-[(arylthio)methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamines and their 8-oxides were produced analogously. controlled oxidation of the former gave the anticipated sulfoxide 12 and sulfone ...	1978	349158
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxix dna relationships within the subgenus plasmodium (vinckeia).	the relationships between rodent malarias were examined by means of dna buoyant density determinations and dna--dna hybridization data. current views of the existence in this group of four species: plasmodium berghei, p. yoelli, p. vinckei and p. chabaudi were confirmed. the identity of two chloroquine-resistant lines derived from p. berghei n strain was established. one of these, the ns line, was found to be a subspecies of p. yoelii; the implications of this finding are discussed.	1978	350169
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxx. the enigmas of the 'ns lines' of p. berghei.		1978	350170
plasmodium berghei: biological variation in immune serum-treated mice.		1978	350601
plasmodium berghei infection in pregnant rats: effects on antibody response and course of infection in offspring.	the effects of primary, patent plasmodium berghei infection in sprague-dawley rats during pregnancy upon the course of infection and the humoral antibody response to malaria in their offspring were examined. malaria specific antibody determined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test correlated well with the parasitologic profiles of each experimental group. utilization of foster mother groups indicated passive transfer of protective antibody through milk. evidence for in utero sensitization by ...	1978	351159
sporozoites of rodent and simian malaria, purified by anion exchangers, retain their immunogenicity and infectivity.	sporozoites of rodent malaria, plasmodium berghei, and simian malaria, plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium cynomolgi, were partially separated from mosquito debris and microbial contaminants by passage of anopheles material through a deae-cellulose column. in addition to eliminating most of the contaminants (80-90%), this simple technic has made it possible to recover rapidly large numbers of viable sporozoites (55-75% yield), which have retained their infectivity, immunogenicity, and capacity to ...	1978	351177
autoimmune and polyclonal b cell responses during murine malaria.		1978	351426
studies on enzyme variation in the murine malaria parasites plasmodium berghei, p. yoelii, p. vinckei and p. chabaudi by starch gel electrophoresis.	electrophoretic variation of the enzymes glucose phosphate isomerase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase (nadp-dependent) has been studied in the african murine malaria parasites plasmodium berghei, p. yoelii, p. vinckei and p. chabaudi and their subspecies. horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used throughout. the number of isolates examined in each subspecies varied from 1 (p. y. nigeriensis) to 24 (p. c. chabaudi). extensive enzyme variati ...	1978	351525
[effect of drought on antimalarial immunity].		1978	351558
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxxi. the effect of some metabolic inhibitors upon chloroquine-induced pigment clumping (cipc) in plasmodium berghei.	the effect of metabolic inhibitors upon chloroquine-induced pigment clumping in intraerythrocytic plasmodium berghei was studied in vitro. oligomycin and venturicidin competitively inhibit the process with 'ki' values of 0.18 and 0.41 mumol/l. dccd, an agent thought to act upon a mitochondrial site close to that affected by oligomycin and venturicidin, causes pigment clumping in the absence of chloroquine ('km' value 4.7 mumol/l). it is suggested that, after being concentrated in the cytoplasm b ...	1978	352284
changes in the hamster liver after experimental infection with schistosoma intercalatum. an ultrastructural study.	syrian hamsters were exposed to cercariae of schistosoma intercalatum. after 70 days, their livers were fixed by vascular perfusion and samples of liver tissue were studied by the electron microscope. lesions consisted predominantly of mature egg granulomas, with some in earlier stages of development. the cells involved in both types of lesion are described together with their relation to the egg and the surrounding liver tissue. only minor abnormalities were seen in the tissue distant from the ...	1978	352285
[indirect immunofluorescence in malaria associated with pregnancy in the senegalese woman].		1978	352555
polyclonal b-cell activation during rodent malarial infections.	the numbers of 'background' plaque-forming cells (pfc) secreting igm specific for either sheep erythrocytes or horse erythrocytes were found to be elevated in the spleens of balb/c mice during plasmodium berghei and p. yoelii infection. 'background' pfc numbers were similarly elevated in the spleens of uninfected mice injected with high speed supernatants of lysates of parasitized red blood cells. the active factor (or factors) in the supernatants was (were) non-dialysable and stable at 56 degre ...	1978	352584
role of the surface coat in in vitro attachment and phagocytosis of plasmodium berghei by peritoneal macrophages.	evidence is presented to indicate that plasmodium berghei merozoites, but not trophozotites, have an antiphagocytic capsule. the capsule appears to form around the developing merozoties of the schizont in the parasitophorous vacuole. serum from animals immune to p. berghei reacts with this capsule. after reaction with immune serum, the antiphagocytic action of the capsule is lost. by the process of binding serum protein, the capsule becomes electron dense and can be readily visuallzed as the sur ...	1978	352960
a new class of antimalarial drugs: derivatives of benzothiopyrans.	a series of substituted benzothiopyrans was synthesized and examined for antimalarial activity. some were found to be active and curative at dose levels of 160--360 mg/kg against plasmodium berghei in mice. afew observations concerning structure-activity relationships were made. the benzothiopyrans were prepared by treatment of either the gem-dichloro- or the thionothioflavone intermediate with various primary amines. the thionothioflavone intermediates were made from thioflavones. condensation ...	1978	353282
survival of parasites in mice immunized against plasmodium berghei.	the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei may survive im immunized swiss and c3h/stz mice for a considerable period of time. despite considerable differences in the observed survival time in animals of a given strain, a general, strain specific pattern is observed. parasites generally survive longer in swiss than in c3h/stz mice. in some of the swiss mice parasites survived throughout the experimental period, whereas in the others restricted survival was observed, possibly reflecting geneti ...	1978	354146
malaria vaccine: the effect of sporozoite-induced immunity on exo-erythrocytic stages.		1978	354537
malaria immunity and premunition in a plasmodium berghei mouse model.		1978	355189
infectivity and immunogenicity of plasmodium berghei.		1978	355190
plasmodial antigens exposed on the surface of infected reticulocytes: their role in induction of protective immunity in mice.		1978	355192
cellular changes in the bone marrow of plasmodium-berghei-infected mice.		1978	355193
lymphoblast transformation in rats convalescent from infection with plasmodium berghei.		1978	355194
speculation on the use of adoptive immunity in malarial vaccination.		1978	355195
studies on the role of antibodies against sporozoites in plasmodium berghei malaria.		1978	355196
clomerulopathy in mice infected with plasmodium berghei: induction of an autoimmune process.	1. apparently a living, metabolizing parasite is required to induce the formation of autoantibodies. 2. it seems unlikely that immune complexes of the first type, i.e., positive for plasmodial antigens, are responsible for the induction of autoantibodies, as the transferred malarious plasma (group b) also contained that type of immune complex, but did not induce the formation of the second type of complex. 3. although a deregulation of the immunocompetent system will occur in animals with a high ...	1978	355198
immune complexes in the lungs of mice infected with plasmodium berghei.		1978	355199
histo- and immunopathology of a malaria (plasmodium berghei) infection in mice.		1978	355200
lymphocyte trapping and malaria in plasmodium-berghei-infected mice.		1978	355201
specific arming of macrophages and the microarchitecture of the spleen.		1978	355202
a rapid method for concentrating spleen-derived schizonts in plasmodium berghei malaria.		1978	355615
[alteration in the virulence of plasmodium berghei yoelii for white mice by passage through golden hamsters and by the in vitro exposure to the serum of these animals].		1978	355826
splenic transposition with ligation of the vascular pedicle in rodents. immunological consequences.	by splenic subcutaneous transposition and ligation of the vascular pedicle, the direct relation spleen-liver was interrupted in rodents infected with malaria. it was demonstrated that in this situation detoxification of the liver and recovery from malaria was evidently hampered by the lack of a direct splenic cell supply, due to retardation of the homing and differentiation in the spleen of precursors of immunologically competent cells. in the presence of blood-borne antigens and/or hepatotoxins ...	1978	357154
changes in transaminase activity in plasma and liver of albino mice infected with plasmodium berghei.		1978	357282
erythrocyte surface: novel determinant of drug susceptibility in rodent malaria.	to study the role of the erythrocyte membrane in the process of chloroquine accumulation, surface polypeptides were digested with a nonspecific protease from streptomyces griseus. this treatment activated a saturable process of chloroquine accumulation with an affinity and a specificity similar to those of mouse erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei cs (chloroquine susceptible). studies of competitive inhibitors of chloroquine accumulation yielded the following approximate values for k(i ...	1978	358916
spleen cell changes during fatal and self-limiting malarial infections of mice.	changes in the proportions and total numbers of splenic thy-1.2+ cells, ig+ cells and normoblasts were analysed during fatal plasmodium berghei and non-fatal p. yoelii infections in mice. thy-1.2+ and ig+ cells were identified by rosetting techniques, and normoblasts by morphological criteria. the splenomegaly observed during these infections was found to be caused mainly by proliferation of normoblasts. an early increase in the numbers of thy-1.2+ and ig+ cells was detected in both infections, ...	1978	359462
xanthine oxidase in rodent malaria.		1978	359466
[ionic etching of erythrocytes by means of a cathodic evaporator. iii. --application to mouse erythrocytes infested by plasmodium berghei (author's transl)].		1978	360955
[congenital malaria in mice and adenosine triphosphate (atp)].		1978	361005
plasmodium berghei adoptive transfer and immunosuppression of immunity in allogenic neonates.	outbred female rats were hyperimmunized with plasmodium berghei and mated to produce progeny. spleen cells from the immunized rats and from normal control mothers were adoptively transferred to their 48 hr old neonates. some neonates from immune mothers were fostered to normal mothers and vice versa. weanling rats were challenged 35 days after birth with plasmodium berghei; immune and normal litters which had not received cells were also challenged at the same time. rats which had received immun ...	1978	361317
depressed splenic t lymphocyte numbers and thymocyte migratory patterns in murine malaria.		1978	362425
lack of chloroquine inhibition of erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in malaria (plasmodium berghei).		1978	363079
immunosuppression using triamcinolone acetonide, in 17-x and nyu-2 strains of plasmodium berghei in mice.		1978	363998
t cell function during fatal and self-limiting malarial infections of mice.		1978	365359
plasmodium berghei: infective exoerythrocytic schizonts in primary monolayer cultures of rat liver cells.		1978	365559
plasmodium berghei: preparation of rat hepatic cell suspensions that include infective exoerythrocytic schizonts.		1978	365560
plasmodium berghei: energy metabolism of sporozoites.		1978	365562
host defenses in murine malaria: induction of a protracted state of immunity with a formalin-killed plasmodium berghei blood parasite vaccine.	random-bred mice were immunized with a nonliving antigen prepared from mixed-blood forms of plasmodium berghei, strain nyu-2, in combination with corynebacterium parvum and/or living bcg. a high proportion of intravenously immunized mice survived virulent challenge, but subcutaneous vaccination was less effective. vaccinated mice developed a patent infection after challenge similar to that observed in normal controls. however, between days 12 to 20 postchallenge, infections in some vaccinated mi ...	1978	365770
chronic malarial infection of mice: a comparison of single and multiple infections with plasmodium berghei following p. yoelii.	chronic malarial infection was induced in two groups of balb/c mice by injection of plasmodium yoelii followed by either one or repeated injections of p. berghei. both groups showed a continuing but fluctuating splenomegaly, and a considerably increased reticulocyte count which also varied regularly, over a period of six months. during this time many mice had a very low grade parasitaemia demonstrable by subinoculation of blood into uninfected recipients. mice infected with p. yoelii alone did n ...	1978	366816
removal of leucocytes from red cells in plasmodium berghei-infected mouse blood and purification of schizont-infected cells.		1978	367300
the protective effect of endogenous interferon in mouse malaria, as demonstrated by the use of anti-interferon globulins.	both death rate and percentage of parasitized erythrocytes in mice infected with plasmodium berghei were enhanced by injections of anti-interferon globulins. as, in the same time, parasite-induced interferon was neutralized by these globulins, it can be concluded that endogenous interferon plays an important inhibiting role during parasitic diseases, such as malaria, as it has been previously demonstrated in many virus infections.	1978	367460
immunofluorescent staining of exoerythrocytic schizonts of plasmodium berghei in fixed liver tissue with stage-specific immune serum.		1978	368305
cell-mediated immunity in mice vaccinated against malaria.	mice vaccinated with a formalin-fixed preparation of either plasmodium berghei or p. yoelli exhibited delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) to the homologous antigen. this manifested itself in increased delayed thickening of antigen-challenged pinnae of the vaccinated mice as compared to the non-vaccinated controls. dth was also evident in the vaccinated mice using the homing of radio-labelled bone marrow cells (bmc) to the delayed lesion as a criterion of reactivity. when p. yoelii vaccinated mic ...	1978	310745
[in vivo formation of myelin-like forms in mouse erythrocytes infested by plasmodium berghei (author's transl)].		1978	369437
the ribosomes of plasmodium berghei: isolation and ribosomal ribonucleic acid analysis.	ribosomes and high molecular weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) from the blood stages of plasmodium berghei parasites were studied in preparations free from host ribosome contamination. purified malarial ribosomes were isolated in high yield from a population of ultrastructurally intact, viable parasites by hypertonic lysis with triton x-100 and differential centrifugation. these ribosomes were shown to be derived from active polysomes and could be dissociated into subunits by puromycin-0. ...	1978	372893
protection of mice against plasmodium and babesia infections: attempts to raise host-protective sera.	in an attempt to generate large numbers of mice resistant to plasmodium berghei and babesia rodhaini to be used as donors of antibody-secreting cells for hybridoma production, various methods of inducing resistance to repeated challenge with infected blood cells have been explored. although results of independent experiments varied markedly, prior injection of cba/m mice with bcg, and prior infection of balb/c mice with plasmodium yoelii, were found to be manipulations capable of inducing resist ...	1978	375903
immunity to plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice. ii. specific and nonspecific cellular and humoral responses during the course of infection.	the kinetics of various specific and nonspecific immunologic responses were examined in balb/c mice infected with 17x nonlethal plasmodium berghei yoelii (a self-limiting infection). the sequence of events after infection was characterized by rapid sensitization of splenic t cells to malaria antigen and polyclonal b cell activation, followed by a period of depressed splenic proliferative responses in vitro to mitogens (pha and lps) and malaria (specific) antigen. at the same time, suppressed pri ...	1978	79610
development of effective antisporozoite immunity by natural bites of plasmodium-berghei-infected mosquitoes in rats under prophylactic treatment with various drug regimens.		1978	28303
hemolymph of anopheles stephensi from noninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 1. collection procedure and physical characteristics.	hemolymph was collected from adult female anopheles stephensi by centrifugation of incised mosquitoes. approximately 0.1 muliter was collected from each recently emerged mosquito, although smaller amounts were recovered with increasing age of the mosquito. determinations were made of the ph, osmotic pressure, and specific gravity of this hemolymph at various times during the life of the adult mosquito. the values obtained were within the ranges found for other insects. hemolymph collected from m ...	1978	31425
sustained release of sulphadiazine.	an implantable system was developed which released sulphadiazine in mice over an extended period of time efficacious against infective challenges by plasmodium berghei. the most successful preparation was a copolymer of l(+)-lactic acid + (+/-)-lactic acid (90 and 10% by weight, respectively) with a molecular weight of 150 000, with which sulphadiazine was mixed at 33.3% of the total weight, in a formulation as beads of 1.5 mm diameter. this preparation released sulphadiazine at a nearly constan ...	1978	31430
stage-specific antigens on the surface membrane of sporozoites of malaria parasites.		1978	96355
[influence of a hot environmental temperature on the evolution of experimental paludism of the mouse with plasmodium berghei berghei].	swiss mice infected with plasmodium berghei berghei and maintained in permanence in a hot environmental temperature undergo a chronic infection whereas controls maintained at the laboratory temperature develop always an acute and lethal infection. the hot environmental temperature does not seem to have any action on the pathogenicity of the parasites. host defences are stimulated.	1978	96968
[changes in plasmodium berghei berghei in mice maintained at high temperatures].	the study of the evolution of plasmodium berghei berghei is made in mice kept in a high temperature (35 degrees c) throughout the experiment. some of these mouse parasites (less than 30%) show a gigantic atypical morphology. in the parasite growing in animals kept at 35 degrees c, the amount of dna is higher than dna rate of the parasites growing in control mice (20-22 degrees c). there is no evidence of any relation between the increase of dna amount and the morphological modification of these ...	1978	96992
impaired host resistance to endotoxin and malaria in polychlorinated biphenyl- and hexachlorobenzene-treated mice.	the in vivo effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and hexachlorobenzene (hcb) on murine endotoxin sensitivity and resistance to malaria (plasmodium berghei nyu-2) infection was studied. the dietary administration of 167 ppm (167 microgram/g) of pcb 1242 or hcb for 3 weeks resulted in an enhanced sensitivity to gram-negative endotoxin (salmonella typhosa), which was further increased in animals maintained on the diets for 6 weeks. by 6 weeks, a 5.2- or 32-fold increase in endotoxin sensitivity ...	1978	97225
folate antagonists. 12. antimalarial and antibacterial effects of 2,4-diamino-6-[(aralkyl and alicyclid)thio-, sulfinyl-, and sulfonyl]quinazolines.	a series of 2,4-diamino-6-[(aralkyl and alicyclic)thio-, sulfinyl-, and sulfonyl]quinazolines was prepared via condensation of 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile or 5,6-dichloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile with the appropriate aralkyl or alicyclic thiopseudourea, reduction of the resulting 2-nitro-5-[(aralkyl or alicyclic)thio]benzonitrile with stannous chloride to the amine, and cyclization with chloroformamidine hydrochloride. oxidation was effected with hydrogen peroxide or the bromine complex of 1,4-diaza ...	1978	97382
plasmodium berghei. iii. the partial separation of a putative species-specific antigen from a soluble extract.		1978	98474
immunopathology of malaria.		1978	98476
summing up of the symposium: immunology and immunopathology of malaria.		1978	98477
studies on the transfer of protective immunity with lymphoid cells from mice immune to malaria sporozoites.	in an effort to understand the mechanisms involved in the protective immunity to malarial sporozoites, an a/j mouse/plasmodium berghei model was studied. protective immunity could consistently be adoptively transferred only by using sublethal irradiation of recipients (500 r); a spleen equivalent (100 x 10(6))of donor cells from immune syngeneic mice; and a small booster immunization (1 x 10(4)) of recipients with irradiation-attenuated sporozoites. recipient animals treated in this manner were ...	1978	99475
rodent malaria: bcg-induced protection and immunosuppression.	one dose of 10(7) viable units of mycobacterium bovis, strain bcg, protected a significant number of swiss mice from a primary challenge with 10(4) thoracic sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. immunization with irradiated sporozoites induced greater protection than that observed in bcg-treated with bcg and surviving a primary sporozoite challenge were not protected from rechallenge, whereas mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites and surviving initial challenge of sporozoites were solidly immu ...	1978	100553
antimalarial activities of various 4-pyridinemethanols with special attention to wr-172,435 and wr-180,409.	pilot appraisals of the activities of 10 specially selected 2,6-substituted-4-pyridinemethanols against acute plasmodium falciparum infections in owl monkeys identified three derivatives that were two to three times as active as chloroquine against infections with a 4-aminoquinoline-susceptible strain and, at the same doses, were equally effective against infections with a strain fully resistant to treatment with maximally tolerated doses of chloroquine, quinine, and pyrimethamine. two of these ...	1978	101132
folate antagonists. 13. 2,4-diamino-6-](alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)thio]quinazoline and related 2,4-diamino-6-[(phenyl- and naphthyl)thio]quinazolines, a unique class of antimetabolites with extraordinary antimalarial and antibacterial effects.	an array of nonclassical thioquinazoline analogues (viii) of methotrexate was prepared by cyclization of the requisite 2-amino-5-(arylthio)benzonitrile with chloroformamidine hydrochloride (28--79%). the aminonitrile precursors were obtained by sncl2-hcl reduction (28--99%) of the corresponding 2-nitro-5-(arylthio)benzonitriles, which were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitriles with various arylthiols (36--83%). many of the thioquinazolines (viii) showed ...	1978	102792
synthesis of 2-substituted primaquine analogues as potential antimalarials.	a series of 2-substituted primaquine analogues has been synthesized and evaluated against plasmodium berghei in the mouse and leishmania donovani in the hamster. three members (3a,d,e) of the series were evaluated against plasmodium cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. one analogue (3d) was evaluated against trypanosoma rhodesiense in the mouse, and two (3b,e) were evaluated against schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. several analogues possessed significant activity against p. berghei (3e,f) and l. don ...	1978	102798
environmental chemical-induced immune dysfunction.	antibody formation, endotoxin sensitivity, and resistance to a challenge malarial infection were evaluated in mice fed a diet containing polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) (aroclor 1242) or hexachlorobenzene (hcb). antibody synthesis to the antigen sheep rbc (srbc) was significantly depressed in the pcb- and hcb-treated (167 ppm) animals as evidenced by the fact that control mice elicited an approximate twofold increase in antibody formation over the chemical-treated mice. serum iga concentrations i ...	1978	103706
the immunological response of cba mice to p. yoelii. ii. the passive transfer of immunity with serum and cells.	cba mice infected with the malaria parasite plasmodium berghei yoelii (p. yoelii) develop a self-resolving infection lasting 15-18 days; on recovery from a primary infection they are immune to further infection. cell and serum transfers from immune to non-immune mice were used to analyse the mechanism of resistance. whereas serum from mice which had recovered from a single infection was ineffective in transferring immunity, hyperimmune serum (from mice repeatedly challenged with p. yoelii) prote ...	1978	342396
demonstration of the role of cytophilic antibody in resistance to malaria parasites (plasmodium berghei) in rats.	this paper reports the results of a study of the nature of the immune response against plasmodium berghei parasites by inbred rats. a macrophage-cytophilic antibody specific for malarial antigens was identified and characterized. detection of the antibody on the macrophage surface was accomplished by the parasite adherence tests and by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. isolation and purification of the macrophage-cytophilic and opsonic antibodies from hyperimmune rat serum was accompl ...	1978	342408
column separation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites.		1978	342682
synthesis of pyrimido[5,4-c]quinolines and related quinolines as potential antimalarials.	3-ethylaminomethyl-2-methyl-4(1h)-quinolone (1a) and its 6-ch3, 6-och3, and 7-cl derivatives were prepared by means of the mannich reaction. conversion to the 4-chloro derivatives and condensation with 3-chloroaniline gave the corresponding 4-(3-chloroanilino) derivatives. cyclization of 4-(3-chloroanilino)-2,6-dimethyl-3-ethyl-aminomethylquinoline (3a) and its 6-och3 derivative with paraformaldehyde gave 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-3-ethyltetrahydropyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline (4a) and the 9-oc ...	1978	342694
synthesis of some 4-substituted 8-amino-6-methoxyquinolines as potential antimalarials.	the 4-vinyl, 4-ethyl, and three 4-[beta-(arylthio)ethyl] derivatives of primaquine and other 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents were prepared for antimalarial evaluation. 8-[(4'-amino-1'-methylbutyl)amino]-4-ethyl-6-methoxyquinoline (4-ethylprimaquine), which showed activity approximately equal to that of primaquine against plasmodia cynomolgi in rhesus monkey, was the most active of the compounds tested. 4-ethylprimaquine was also less toxic than primaquine, as measured in the rane mouse scre ...	1979	110932