Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| accuracy of an elisa and indirect immunofluorescence for the laboratory diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | we compared the accuracy of elisa and indirect immunofluorescence (iif) using leishmania braziliensis and l. major-like antigens and antigens from the bio-manguinhos kit for serological diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl). cut-off values were defined by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. for elisa, statistical analyses revealed better accuracy [95.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (ppv), 97.5% negative predictive value (np ... | 2009 | 19211118 |
| trypanosoma caninum n. sp. (protozoa: kinetoplastida) isolated from intact skin of a domestic dog ( canis familiaris) captured in rio de janeiro, brazil. | an unknown trypanosoma species was isolated from an axenic culture of intact skin from a domestic dog captured in rio de janeiro, brazil, which was co-infected with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. giemsa-stained smears of cultures grown in different media revealed the presence of epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, spheromastigotes, transitional stages, and dividing forms (epimastigotes or spheromastigotes). the highest frequency of trypomastigotes was observed in rpmi (15.2%) and dmem (9.2%) med ... | 2009 | 19216827 |
| a 245kb mini-chromosome impacts on leishmania braziliensis infection and survival. | leishmania (v.) braziliensis, the causative agent of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world, may present an ld1 type genomic amplification that appears as a small 245 kb linear chromosome, and is not clearly associated to the presence of a selection agent. a bt1 gene, codifying for a biopterin transporter protein, was identified in this small chromosome. leishmania are auxotrophic for pterins and one of the proposed explanations for the appearance of this amplification is the improvement o ... | 2009 | 19254695 |
| leishmania (viannia) guyanensis induces low immunologic responsiveness in leishmaniasis patients from an endemic area of the brazilian amazon highland. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis (cl-lguy) is endemic in the brazilian amazon, differing from l. braziliensis infection in clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects. t-cell reactivity to leishmanial antigens possibly involved in the pathogenesis of cl-lguy was studied herein. variable lymphoproliferative responses (lprs) to leishmania antigens were found among the 23 studied patients, and 50% of them showed low or no response to these antigens. active disease ... | 2009 | 19270278 |
| lesion aspirate culture for the diagnosis and isolation of leishmania spp. from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the detection of leishmania spp. in skin lesion aspirates, using a puncture technique, was evaluated in 76 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) who were referred to a leishmaniasis reference centre in brazil. cl was defined based on skin lesions suggestive of the disease and on a positive result of the montenegro skin test or giemsa-stained imprints of biopsy fragments. the aspirates were cultured using a vacuum tube device containing culture medium and evaluated for the presence of leishm ... | 2009 | 19274378 |
| an alkaloid extract of evanta, traditionally used as anti-leishmania agent in bolivia, inhibits cellular proliferation and interferon-gamma production in polyclonally activated cells. | traditional medicine and scientific studies have shown that the raw extract of evanta [galipea longiflora, angostura longiflora (krause) kallunki] exhibits anti-leishmanial activity. we hypothesized that the healing observed when using this plant might not only be due to the direct action on the parasite, but possibly to a parallel effect on the host immune response to the parasite involved in the healing process. we show here that an alkaloid extract of evanta (aee) directly killed the parasite ... | 2009 | 19281537 |
| isolation of leishmania amastigote protein fractions which induced lymphocyte stimulation and remission of psoriasis. | a first generation polyvalent vaccine (as100(1)) was manufactured with protein from several cultured leishmania species, which proved to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. to determine the effective factor, a single blind trial with four monovalent second generation vaccines (as100(2)) was done in 26 subjects, which also resulted in remission of psoriasis. as100(2) vaccines were further purified, resulting in seven chromatography fractions (as200) per species. in vitro testing of the fr ... | 2009 | 19294395 |
| prodigiosin is not a determinant factor in lysis of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis after interaction with serratia marcescens d-mannose sensitive fimbriae. | in this paper, the lytic activity of two variants of serratia marcescens against promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis was studied. in vitro assays showed that s. marcescens variant sm365 lyses l. braziliensis promastigotes, while the variant db11 did not. scanning electron microscopy (sem) revealed that s. marcescens sm365 adheres to all cellular body and flagellum of the parasite. several filamentous structures were formed and identified as biofilms. after 120min incubation, they connect th ... | 2009 | 19303010 |
| leishmania (viannia) panamensis: an in vitro assay using the expression of gfp for screening of antileishmanial drug. | promastigotes of leishmania (viannia) panamensis were successfully transfected with p6.5-egfp to express green fluorescent protein. the transfectants remained infective to macrophages, providing an in vitro model for screening antileishmanial drugs. this was demonstrated by flow cytometry of macrophage-associated gfp after exposure of infected cultures to known antileishmanial drugs, i.e. amphotericin b and glucantime. fluorescence of gfp diminished progressively from infected cells with increas ... | 2009 | 19303871 |
| inhibitory activity of limonene against leishmania parasites in vitro and in vivo. | limonene is a monoterpene that has antitumoral, antibiotic and antiprotozoal activity. in this study we demonstrate the activity of limonene against leishmania species in vitro and in vivo. limonene killed leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 252.0+/-49.0 and 147.0+/-46.0 microm, respectively. limonene was also effective against leishmania major, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania chagasi promastigotes. the treatment of l. amazonensis-inf ... | 2009 | 19321295 |
| first report of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) neivai (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) naturally infected by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in a periurban area of south brazil using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. | to identify lutzomyia (nyssomyia) neivai naturally infected by leishmania a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for the analysis of 450 specimens (270 females, 180 males) collected in an endemic periurban area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in porto alegre, brazil. insects were grouped into pools of 10 and positive results were achieved in 3/27 lu. (n.) neivai female pools. infection by l. (viannia) braziliensis was confirmed after hybridizing pcr products with a subgenus-specific bio ... | 2009 | 19346382 |
| copper (ii) complexes of [1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potential anti-parasitic agents. | anti-proliferative effects are described for newly synthesised copper (ii) complexes of two triazolo-pyrimidine derivatives (1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, tp, and 5,7-dimethyl 1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, dmtp) against to trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania (viannia) peruviana. of the compounds assayed, those that presented the ligand tp and auxiliary ligand 1,10-phenanthroline (c24b, c49) were most highly active against to t. cruzi with ic(50) within the range of the reference drug benzni ... | 2009 | 19356115 |
| distinct roles for myd88 and toll-like receptor 2 during leishmania braziliensis infection in mice. | we have previously reported that leishmania braziliensis infection can activate murine dendritic cells (dcs) and upregulate signaling pathways that are essential for the initiation of innate immunity. however, it remains unclear whether toll-like receptors (tlrs) are involved in l. braziliensis-mediated dc activation. to address this issue, we generated bone marrow-derived dcs from myd88(-/-) and tlr2(-/-) mice and examined their responsiveness to parasite infection. while wild-type dcs were eff ... | 2009 | 19364834 |
| interventions for american cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | pentavalent antimonial drugs are the most prescribed treatment for american cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. other drugs have been used with varying success. | 2009 | 19370612 |
| perpetuation of leishmania: some novel insight into elegant developmental programs. | leishmania spp. are polarized single-celled eukaryotic parasites, the perpetuation of which relies on two other organisms they "use" as hosts. one of the leishmania host organisms is a blood-feeding female sand fly, the second host being a mammal that acts as a blood source for the female sand fly. leishmania-hosting sand flies transmit the metacyclic promastigote developmental stage to the mammal skin. while many mammals are known to act as sand fly blood sources, only some of these mammals are ... | 2009 | 19379663 |
| leishmaniases in bolivia: comprehensive review and current status. | the leishmaniases are protozoan, zoonotic diseases transmitted to human and other mammal hosts by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. bolivia has the highest incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in latin america (la), with 33 cases per 100,000 population reported in 2006. cl is endemic in seven of the country's nine administrative departments. visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is comparatively rare and is restricted to one single focus. most cl cases are caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensi ... | 2009 | 19407110 |
| the antitumoral, trypanocidal and antileishmanial activities of extract and alkaloids isolated from duguetia furfuracea. | the alkaloid extract and five alkaloids isolated from subterranean stem bark of duguetia furfuracea (annonaceae) were investigated for the following activities: antitumoral, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal. dicentrinone showed weak cytotoxicity, but it had the strongest leishmanicidal activity (ic(50) 0.01 microm). duguetine and duguetine beta-n-oxide caused considerable antitumoral activity in every cell lines evaluated, although duguetine was more active against trypomastigote forms (ic(50) 9. ... | 2009 | 19423311 |
| canine leishmaniosis in south america. | abstract : canine leishmaniosis is widespread in south america, where a number of leishmania species have been isolated or molecularly characterised from dogs. most cases of canine leishmaniosis are caused by leishmania infantum (syn. leishmania chagasi) and leishmania braziliensis. the only well-established vector of leishmania parasites to dogs in south america is lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of l. infantum, but many other phlebotomine sandfly species might be involved. for quite som ... | 2009 | 19426440 |
| [serological evaluation for detection of anti-leishmania antibodies in dogs and cats in the district of santa rita de cássia, municipality of barra mansa, state of rio de janeiro]. | from a canine case of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the locality of santa rita de cássia, municipality of barra mansa, rio de janeiro, a serological survey was performed on 177 dogs and 43 cats. evaluation of the canine serum samples showed that 10% had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and 10.7% in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. among the feline serum samples tested, none of the animals had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and o ... | 2009 | 19448930 |
| mucosal leishmaniasis: description of case management approaches and analysis of risk factors for treatment failure in a cohort of 140 patients in brazil. | mucosal leishmaniasis is caused mainly by leishmania braziliensis and it occurs months or years after cutaneous lesions. this progressive disease destroys cartilages and osseous structures from face, pharynx and larynx. | 2009 | 19453817 |
| comparative study of amplification systems in immunoenzyme assays for the diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | we compared the accuracy and reliability of three amplification systems for enzyme immunoassays in the detection of specific igg antibodies for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in patients from an endemic area in rio de janeiro, brazil. partially soluble antigens obtained from the promastigote forms of l. (v.) braziliensis were used. for development of the reaction, two chromogens, 1,2-orthophenylenediamine (opd) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzid ... | 2009 | 19455633 |
| leishmania (viannia) peruviana (mhom/pe/lca08): comparison of thp-1 cell and murine macrophage susceptibility to axenic amastigotes for the screening of leishmanicidal compounds. | this study, undertaken to compare the susceptibility of thp-1 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages to leishmania peruviana amastigotes, obtained thp-1 infection with 10 parasites/cell compared to 2 parasites/murine macrophage. the parasite burden was maximal at 72 h post-infection (h.p.i.) for thp-1 cells, while it was still increasing at 120 h.p.i. for murine macrophages. since in both cases the infection with l. peruviana affected cell viability, we recommend evaluating any leishmanicidal a ... | 2009 | 19460378 |
| molecular diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis: identification of leishmania species by pcr-rflp and quantification of parasite dna by real-time pcr. | the efficacies of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedures for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl), and of pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis for the identification of leishmania species, have been assessed. quantitative real-time pcr employing a sybr green dye-based system was standardised for the quantification of leishmania kdna minicircles. skin, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples collected from 217 dogs, asymptomatic or symptomatic for cvl, ... | 2009 | 19467216 |
| three-dimensional studies of pathogenic peptides from the c-terminal of trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal p proteins and their interaction with a monoclonal antibody structural model. | abstract: the acidic c-terminal peptides from trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal p proteins are the major target of the antibody response in patients suffering chagas chronic heart disease. it has been proposed that the disease is triggered by the cross-reaction of these antibodies with the second extra cellular loop of the beta1-adrenoreceptor, brought about by the molecular mimicry between the acidic c-terminal peptides and the receptor's loop. to improve the understanding of the structural basis of ... | 2009 | 19473527 |
| th1/th2 immune responses are associated with active cutaneous leishmaniasis and clinical cure is associated with strong interferon-gamma production. | in leishmaniasis, th1-related cytokines production seems to be crucial for host control of parasite burden and clinical cure. visceral and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis are characterized by negative skin test for parasite antigens and failure to produce th1 cytokines, whereas tegumentary leishmaniasis is characterized by positive skin test and the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) to produce th1 cytokines. in this study, specific antibody plasma levels and cytokine producti ... | 2009 | 19480861 |
| atypical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis in a transmission area of leishmania braziliensis in the state of bahia, brazil. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) can occur in different forms, classically categorised as cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and disseminated leishmaniasis. we analysed the presence of atypical manifestations (vegetative, verrucous, crusted and lupoid) among a cohort of patients presenting to the health post of corte de pedra, bahia, brazil. among 1396 patients diagnosed with atl in 2005-2006, 35 patients (2.5%) presented with atypical manifes ... | 2009 | 19481233 |
| extreme inbreeding in leishmania braziliensis. | leishmania species of the subgenus viannia and especially leishmania braziliensis are responsible for a large proportion of new world leishmaniasis cases. the reproductive mode of leishmania species has often been assumed to be predominantly clonal, but remains unsettled. we have investigated the genetic polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci on 124 human strains of leishmania braziliensis from 2 countries, peru and bolivia. there is substantial genetic diversity, with an average of 12.4 +/- 4.4 ... | 2009 | 19497885 |
| geographic clustering of leishmaniasis in northeastern brazil. | to determine whether disease outcomes and clades of leishmania braziliensis genotypes are associated, we studied geographic clustering of clades and most severe disease outcomes for leishmaniasis during 1999-2003 in corte de pedra in northeastern brazil. highly significant differences were observed in distribution of mucosal leishmaniasis versus disseminated leishmaniasis (dl) (p<0.0001). concordance was observed between distribution of these disease forms and clades of l. braziliensis genotypes ... | 2009 | 19523284 |
| drought, smallpox, and emergence of leishmania braziliensis in northeastern brazil. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (vianna) braziliensis is a major health problem in the state of ceará in northeastern brazil. we propose that the disease emerged as a consequence of the displacement of persons from ceará to the amazon region following the great drought and smallpox epidemic of 1877-1879. as the economic and social situation in ceará deteriorated, approximately 55,000 residents migrated to the amazon region to find work, many on rubber plantations. those that returne ... | 2009 | 19523291 |
| cl gene cluster encoding several small nucleolar rnas: a comparison amongst trypanosomatids. | small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are small non-coding rnas that modify rna molecules such as rrna and snrna by guiding 2'-o-ribose methylation (c/d box snorna family) and pseudouridylation reactions (h/aca snorna family). h/aca snornas are also involved in trans-splicing in trypanosomatids. the aims of this work were to characterise the cl gene cluster that encodes several snornas in trypanosoma rangeli and compare it with clusters from trypanosoma cruzi, trypanosoma brucei, leishmania major, leis ... | 2009 | 19547875 |
| characterization in vivo and in vitro of a strain of leishmania (viannia) shawi from the amazon region. | the present study analyses complement resistance, cell surface carbohydrates expression, lipidic composition and morphology in vivo and in vitro, of leishmania (viannia) shawi, a parasite identified in the amazon region, pará state, in 1989. we demonstrated that promastigotes in the stationary (stat) growth phase are more resistant to complement lysis than in the logarithmic (log) growth phase. ultrastructural analyses and imidazol technique showed accumulation of lipids in stat growth phase pro ... | 2009 | 19567230 |
| detection of leishmania in unaffected mucosal tissues of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) species. | leishmania (viannia) species are the principal cause of mucosal leishmaniasis. the natural history and pathogenesis of mucosal disease are enigmatic. parasitological evaluation of mucosal tissues has been constrained by the invasiveness of conventional sampling methods. | 2009 | 19569974 |
| comparison of serological and parasitological methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis in the state of paraná, brazil. | we evaluated the effectiveness of serological and parasitological methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) diagnosis in patients from the central region of paraná state, southern brazil. five groups were compared: clinical diagnosis, parasitological diagnosis, communicants, inhabitants of a non-endemic area and carriers of other etiologies. two antigens were prepared from promastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis for indirect immunofluorescence as ... | 2009 | 19578630 |
| comparative expression profiling of leishmania: modulation in gene expression between species and in different host genetic backgrounds. | genome sequencing of leishmania species that give rise to a range of disease phenotypes in the host has revealed highly conserved gene content and synteny across the genus. only a small number of genes are differentially distributed between the three species sequenced to date, l. major, l. infantum and l. braziliensis. it is not yet known how many of these genes are expressed in the disease-promoting intracellular amastigotes of these species or whether genes conserved between the species are di ... | 2009 | 19582145 |
| development of a multilocus microsatellite typing approach for discriminating strains of leishmania (viannia) species. | a multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) approach based on the analysis of 15 independent loci has been developed for the discrimination of strains belonging to different viannia species. thirteen microsatellite loci were isolated de novo from microsatellite-enriched libraries for both leishmania braziliensis and l. guyanensis. two previously identified markers, ac01 and ac16, were modified and added to our marker set. markers were designed to contain simple dinucleotide repeats flanked by the ... | 2009 | 19587302 |
| intracellular replication-deficient leishmania donovani induces long lasting protective immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. | no vaccine is currently available for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani. this study addresses whether a live attenuated centrin gene-deleted l. donovani (ldcen1(-/-)) parasite can persist and be both safe and protective in animals. ldcen1(-/-) has a defect in amastigote replication both in vitro and ex vivo in human macrophages. safety was shown by the lack of parasites in spleen and liver in susceptible balb/c mice, immune compromised scid mice, and human vl model hamste ... | 2009 | 19592661 |
| second generation of 2h-benzimidazole 1,3-dioxide derivatives as anti-trypanosomatid agents: synthesis, biological evaluation, and mode of action studies. | exploring the influence of different substitution patterns of 2h-benzimidazole 1,3-dioxide derivatives (bzno) we prepared fifteen new derivatives. initially the bzno were tested against trypanosoma cruzi tulahuen 2 strain epimastigote form rendering very potent anti-t. cruzi agents. moreover, the bzno were able to inhibit the growth of virulent and resistant to benznidazole strains (cl brener clone, colombiana, and y strains) and to leishmania braziliensis. interestingly, bzno exhibited very hig ... | 2009 | 19616875 |
| leishmania amazonensis growth inhibitors: biological and theoretical features of sulfonamide 4-methoxychalcone derivatives. | current drugs for treating leishmaniasis are still associated with significant toxicity and failure rates. thus, new effective and less toxic antileishmanial agents are still in need. herein, we tested a series of sulfonamide 4-methoxychalcone derivatives against l. amazonensis promastigote and amastigote forms to identify its antileishmanial profile against this species compared to l. braziliensis. in addition, we used molecular modeling tools to determine stereoelectronic features that may lea ... | 2009 | 19629593 |
| dissimilar peptidase production by avirulent and virulent promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis: inference on the parasite proliferation and interaction with macrophages. | in the present paper, we have analysed the cellular and extracellular proteolytic activity profiles in 2 distinct leishmania braziliensis strains: a recently isolated (virulent) and a laboratory-adapted (avirulent) strain. quantitative and qualitative differences on the peptidase expression were observed in both strains. for instance, low-molecular mass acidic cysteine peptidase activities were detected exclusively in the virulent strain. similarly, metallopeptidase activities were mainly produc ... | 2009 | 19631015 |
| immunopathogenic competences of leishmania (v.) braziliensis and l. (l.) amazonensis in american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the immunopathogenic competences of leishmania (v.) braziliensis and l. (l.) amazonensis were reviewed in the light of more recent features found in the clinical and immunopathological spectrum of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. it was shown a dichotomy in the interaction between these leishmania species and human t-cell immune response; while l. (v.) braziliensis shows a clear tendency to lead infection from the localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl), a moderate t-cell hypersensitivity form ... | 2009 | 19646206 |
| recruitment of cd8(+) t cells expressing granzyme a is associated with lesion progression in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. | human infection with leishmania braziliensis leads to the establishment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), characterized by the appearance of skin lesions that progress from nonulcerated to ulcerated forms. our goal was to characterize the immunological kinetics associated with this progression, comparing the cellular composition, cytokines and granzyme expression between lesions of patients with early (e-cl) and late stages (l-cl) of cl. histopathological analysis showed that lesions from l-cl ha ... | 2009 | 19646207 |
| genome-wide computational identification of functional rna elements in trypanosoma brucei. | post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is the dominant regulatory mechanism in trypanosomatids as their mrnas are transcribed from polycistronic units. a few cis-acting rna elements in 3'-untranslated regions of mrnas have been identified in trypanosomatids, which affect the mrna stability or translation rate in different life stages of these parasites. other functional rnas (frnas) also play essential roles in these organisms. however, there has been no genome-wide analysis for iden ... | 2009 | 19653906 |
| different isolates from leishmania braziliensis complex induce distinct histopathological features in a murine model of infection. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological features in tissues of mice infected by human isolates (i, ii, and iii) or the reference m2903 strain of leishmania braziliensis complex. balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were infected in the hind footpad with 10(6) stationary-phase promastigotes of l. braziliensis complex. the evolution of lesions was observed for 10 weeks and the animals were then euthanized and liver, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were collected. tissues were stained with ... | 2009 | 19656631 |
| [western blot, elisa and indirect immunofluorescence test evaluation of leishmania (leishmania) infantum-infected dogs]. | evaluating canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnostic test performance in colombia and adapting the western blot test in naturally and experimentally infected dogs. | 2009 | 20169220 |
| synthesis, biological evaluation and sar of sulfonamide 4-methoxychalcone derivatives with potential antileishmanial activity. | despite clinical importance of leishmaniasis, an infectious disease that affects 12 thousand million people in 88 countries, the treatment is still unsatisfactory due to its limited efficacy, cost expensive and undesirable side effects. aiming to develop new antileishmanial lead compounds, we used a rational approach to synthesize a new set of sulfonamide 4-methoxychalcone derivatives (3a-3i) and evaluate the sulfonamide and methoxy moieties as promising adding-groups to chalcones. for that purp ... | 2009 | 18554753 |
| in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomatid activity of 5-nitroindazoles. | previously, we have identified a series of 5-nitroindazoles with good antiprotozoal activities, against trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and trichomonas vaginalis. most of them have shown very low unspecific toxicity on macrophage cell lines. in the present work, we assayed these compounds on t. cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes and leishmania promastigotes (leishmania amazonensis, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum). derivatives 1, 2, 7 and 8 displayed remarkable trypanocidal activi ... | 2009 | 18706738 |
| epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the iguazú falls area of argentina. | over the last three decades the incidence of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has increased sharply in argentina and throughout the world. in the iguazú falls area, on the border between brazil and paraguay, the incidence of human acl has risen since 2004. most of the 36 cases of human acl reported until 2005 have involved males over 15 years old (75%) infected during deforestation to establish individual farms. captures carried out in primary forest, periurban areas, and deforested land s ... | 2009 | 18983809 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis transfectants overexpressing the miniexon gene lose virulence in vivo. | the miniexon gene has a central role in the processing of polycistronic pre-mrna of kinetoplastids. it is added to the 5' extremity of each mrna, supplying the 5'-capped structure to the molecule. previous studies in leishmania (leishmania) major showed that the overexpression of the miniexon array attenuates the virulence of the parasite in in vivo assays. the results presented here extend those findings to viannia subgenus. leishmania (viannia) braziliensis was transfected with a cosmid harbor ... | 2009 | 18992366 |
| sensitivity and reproducibility of a pcr assay for leishmania detection using skin biopsy imprints on filter paper. | the sensitivity and reproducibility of a pcr targeted to amplify the conserved 120 base-pair region of minicircles from leishmania kdna was defined using dna extracted from skin biopsy imprints on filter paper. seventy-seven patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis from an endemic region of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in brazil underwent skin biopsy of the ulcer border. tissue samples were imprinted on filter paper and then, they were stored at -20 degrees c. imprints on filter paper were sto ... | 2009 | 18996076 |
| pcr for identification of species causing american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | parasites of the complexes leishmania (leishmania) mexicana, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi coexist within the same endemic areas of the american continent. they produce similar clinical manifestations, yet not all respond well to treatment with anti-leishmania drugs. thus, high specificity and sensitivity are needed to improve diagnosis and treatment. we developed a highly specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction based diagnostic method that permi ... | 2009 | 19002715 |
| typing of four genetic loci discriminates among closely related species of new world leishmania. | all new world leishmania species can cause cutaneous lesions, while only leishmania (viannia) braziliensis has been associated with mucosal metastases. multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) is the optimal standard for species identification but is slow and costly. new methods for species identification are needed to ensure proper identification and therapy. the coding regions of four metabolic enzyme markers in the mlee typing method: mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi), malate dehydrogenase (m ... | 2009 | 18817779 |
| kdna minicircle signatures of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in oral and nasal mucosa from mucosal leishmaniasis patients. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and low-stringency single-specific primer pcr (lssp-pcr) analyses were used to detect leishmania (viannia) braziliensis dna and investigate kdna signatures of parasite populations present in oral and nasal mucosa lesions from mucosal leishmaniasis patients. a total of 25 samples from 22 patients were processed by specific pcr/hybridization assays. parasite dna was detected in all samples analyzed. the intraspecific polymorphism of the variable region of l. (v.) br ... | 2010 | 20226327 |
| an enhanced method for the identification of leishmania spp. using real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the 7sl rna gene region. | the accurate identification of leishmania spp. is important for the treatment of infected patients. molecular methods offer an alternative to time-consuming traditional laboratory techniques for species determination. we redesigned a 7sl rna gene-based polymerase chain reaction and sequence assay for increased species identification. dna extracted from 17 reference strains and 10 cultured clinical isolates was examined. sequence comparison was used successfully to identify organisms to the compl ... | 2010 | 20226334 |
| differentiation of leishmania (viannia) panamensis and leishmania (v.) guyanensis using bcci for hsp70 pcr-rflp. | leishmania panamensis and leishmania guyanensis are two species of the subgenus viannia that are genetically very similar. both parasites are usually associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis, but also have the potential to cause the mucocutaneous form of the disease. in addition, the study of foci and consequently the identification of vectors and probable reservoirs involved in transmission require a correct differentiation between both species, which is important at epidemiological level. we ex ... | 2010 | 20227738 |
| lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by wolbachia and an exotic leishmania species on barro colorado island, panama. | sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in the genus lutzomyia are the predominant vectors of the protozoan disease leishmaniasis in the new world. within the watershed of the panama canal, the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is a continuous health threat for residents, tourists and members of an international research community. here we report the results of screening a tropical forest assemblage of sand fly species for infection by both leishmania and a microbe that can potentially se ... | 2010 | 20231892 |
| the leishmania mexicana a600 genes are functionally required for amastigote replication. | leishmania parasites, the causative agent of leishmaniasis, have a digenetic lifecycle consisting of the morphologically distinct insect vector stage (promastigote) and the mammalian infective amastigote stage. differentiation of promastigotes to the amastigote stage involves significant morphological and biochemical changes, however, very few genes have been characterised as being differentially expressed in the two stages. the leishmania a600 genes are one of the few gene families that exhibit ... | 2010 | 20307588 |
| survey of natural infection by leishmania in sand fly species collected in southeastern brazil. | in this study, we sought to identify sand fly vectors of the leishmania species that circulate in distinct eco-epidemiological disease-endemic rural areas within the espírito santo state in southeastern brazil. pcr amplification of a conserved region of the minicircle kdna was used to estimate infection rates in field-captured, peridomestic female sand flies. only 13 of the 1689 female sand fly specimens (0.77%) actually contained leishmania dna. leishmania braziliensis infections were found in ... | 2010 | 20346478 |
| first cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) naiffi infection in surinam. | cutaneous leishmaniasis in surinam is generally caused by infection by leishmania guyanensis. we report three cases of infection with leishmania (viannia) naiffi, a leishmania species not described from surinam before. treatment with pentamidine proved to be effective. | 2010 | 20348504 |
| selection and phenotype characterization of potassium antimony tartrate-resistant populations of four new world leishmania species. | in the present study, we selected in vitro populations of leishmania viannia guyanensis, l.v. braziliensis, l. leishmania amazonensis and l.l. infantum chagasi that were resistant to potassium antimony tartrate (sbiii). the resistance index of these populations varied from 4- to 20-fold higher than that of their wild-type counterparts. to evaluate the stability of the resistance phenotype, these four resistant populations were passaged 37 to 47 times in a culture medium without sbiii. no change ... | 2010 | 20372925 |
| mucocutaneous leishmaniasis masquerading as wegener granulomatosis. | a 43-year-old brazilian female presented in 2001 with nasal stuffiness and sinusitis. a biopsy was consistent with limited wegener's granulomatosis although antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative. her nasal inflammation progressed despite trials of prednisone, methotrexate, and azathioprine. a septal perforation developed and a repeat biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation. in 2006 the patient was referred to division of rheumatology, university of california, los angeles. the nos ... | 2010 | 20375822 |
| genome survey sequence analysis and identification of homologs of major surface protease (gp63) genes in trypanosoma rangeli. | in this study, 222 genome survey sequences were generated for trypanosoma rangeli strain p07 isolated from an opossum (didelphis albiventris) in minas gerais state, brazil. t. rangeli sequences were compared by blastx (basic local alignment search tool x) analysis with the assembled contigs of leishmania braziliensis, leishmania infantum, leishmania major, trypanosoma brucei, and trypanosoma cruzi. results revealed that 82% (182/222) of the sequences were associated with predicted proteins descr ... | 2010 | 20420528 |
| detection of leishmania braziliensis dna in american tegumentary leishmaniasis patients. | diagnostic tests for american tegumentary leishmaniasis were performed on blood samples of patients living in two endemic municipalities in the state of pernambuco, northeastern brazil. dna was extracted from 119 samples and used as template for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis. the tests used primers specific for the kinetoplast mini-circle dna (kdna) of leishmania braziliensis, a species circulating in pernambuco, which amplify a 750 base pair target sequence. in total, 58 subjects (48 ... | 2010 | 20428600 |
| chemistry, cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of the essential oil from piper auritum. | leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic infections, but current treatments are unsatisfactory due to their toxicity, cost and resistance. therefore, the development of new antileishmanial compounds is imperative. many people who live in endemic areas use plants as an alternative to treat the disease. in this paper, we characterised the essential oil from piper auritum, evaluated its cytotoxicity and determined its antileishmanial activity. the chromatogram obtained by gas chromatogr ... | 2010 | 20428676 |
| the -2518bp promoter polymorphism at ccl2/mcp1 influences susceptibility to mucosal but not localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) follows localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania braziliensis. proinflammatory responses mediate cl self-healing but are exaggerated in ml. proinflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1; encoded by ccl2) is associated with cl. we explore its role in cl/ml through analysis of the regulatory ccl2 -2518bp promoter polymorphism in cl/ml population samples and families from brazil. genotype frequencies were compared among ml/cl cases and contr ... | 2010 | 20430117 |
| insulin-like growth factor-i induced and constitutive arginase activity differs among isolates of leishmania derived from patients with diverse clinical forms of leishmania braziliensis infection. | arginase activity has been related to leishmaniasis development, thus we studied the constitutive and insulin-like growth factor (igf) i-induced arginase activity of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolates from patients with different clinical forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl). isolates from mucosal leishmaniasis presented higher basal levels of arginase activity than isolates from other clinical forms of atl. isolates from disseminated leishmaniasis that present mucosal lesio ... | 2010 | 20451229 |
| leishmania spp. parasite isolation through inoculation of patient biopsy macerates in interferon gamma knockout mice. | isolation of leishmania parasite and species identification are important for confirmation and to help define the epidemiology of the leishmaniasis. mice are often used to isolate pathogens, but the most common mouse strains are resistant to infection with parasites from the leishmania (viannia) subgenus. in this study we tested the inoculation of interferon gamma knockout (ifngamma ko) mice with biopsy macerates from leishmania-infected patients to increase the possibility of isolating parasite ... | 2010 | 20464128 |
| targeted gene expression profiling in leishmania braziliensis and leishmania guyanensis parasites isolated from brazilian patients with different antimonial treatment outcomes. | in brazil, cutaneous leishmaniasis represents a serious public health problem, and chemotherapy is an important element of the clinical management of this disease. however, treatment efficacy is variable, a phenomenon that might be due to host and parasite (e.g., drug resistance) factors. to better understand the possible contribution of parasite factors to this phenomenon, we characterised 12 leishmania braziliensis (lb) and 25 leishmania guyanensis (lg) isolates collected from patients experie ... | 2010 | 20478409 |
| screening leishmania donovani-specific genes required for visceral infection. | comparison of the leishmania infantum genome with leishmania braziliensis and leishmania major genomes has identified 25 l. infantum species-specific genes that are absent or pseudogenes in l. major and l. braziliensis. to determine whether these l. infantum species-specific genes are involved in visceral leishmania infection, we cloned the orthologues of 14 l. infantum species-specific genes from the genetically closely related leishmania donovani and introduced them into l. major. two of these ... | 2010 | 20545850 |
| systemic and compartmentalised immune responses in a leishmania braziliensis-macaque model of self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis. | we have recently introduced a macaque (macaca mulatta) model of leishmania braziliensis-induced chronic granulomatous cutaneous lesions affecting the nasal mucosa. using an l. braziliensis strain that produces self-healing dermal lesions in macaques, here we characterises the systemic and local cell-mediated immune responses that led to controlled growth of granulomas in the infected host. as detected using flow cytometry, more cytokine-producing t-cell subsets were observed in granuloma-derived ... | 2010 | 20546932 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: influence of successive in vitro cultivation on the expression of promastigote proteinases. | cysteine proteinases are an important virulence factor in leishmania parasites. in this study we analyzed the cysteine proteinase expression of infective leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes, examining the expression induced by successive in vitro passages in culture. we observed that this parasite presents a decrease in its virulence over balb/c macrophages, after successive passages in culture, but still they present proteinase activity, being capable of hydrolyzing the substrate pg ... | 2010 | 20553928 |
| differences in the antigenic profile and infectivity of murine macrophages of leishmania (viannia) parasites. | the antigenic profile and infectivity were compared between 3 recent leishmania (viannia) isolates from the amazonian region (instituto nacional de pesquisas da amazonia [inpa] strains) and 3 world health organization (who) reference species (leishmania guyanensis, leishmania braziliensis, and leishmania naiffi). differences were observed in the peak and extent of promastigote growth. the who reference strains exhibited significantly higher exponential growth as promastigotes than inpa strains. ... | 2010 | 20557195 |
| immunity to lutzomyia intermedia saliva modulates the inflammatory environment induced by leishmania braziliensis. | during blood feeding, sand flies inject leishmania parasites in the presence of saliva. the types and functions of cells present at the first host-parasite contact are critical to the outcome on infection and sand fly saliva has been shown to play an important role in this setting. herein, we investigated the in vivo chemotactic effects of lutzomyia intermedia saliva, the vector of leishmania braziliensis, combined or not with the parasite. | 2010 | 20559550 |
| t-bet, gata-3, and foxp3 expression and th1/th2 cytokine production in the clinical outcome of human infection with leishmania (viannia) species. | t cell differentiation determines susceptibility and resistance to experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis, yet mixed t1/th2 responses characterize the clinical spectrum of human infection with leishmania (viannia) species. | 2010 | 20583921 |
| the vectorial potential of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia and lutzomyia (n.) whitmani in the transmission of leishmania (v.) braziliensis can also be related to proteins attaching. | 2010 | 20589075 | |
| [recidivant laryngeal leishmaniasis: an unusual case in an immunocompetent patient treated with corticosteroids]. | leishmaniosis is a chronic parasitic disease, which in argentina is mainly caused by protozoa belonging to the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis complex, leading to cutaneous and mucosal pathologies. we report a rare case of laryngeal leishmaniosis in a 29 year-old man from jujuy province, argentina, who had been misdiagnosed with other pathologies, carrying this infectious disease for about 20 years. during 2008, the patient was admitted with complaints of progressive hoarseness of the voice an ... | 2010 | 20589333 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: immunoblotting analysis for the detection of igg subclasses in the diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. | during a seroepidemiological survey 2004-2006 from areas in brazil endemic for american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl), serum samples from 10 dogs with ulcerated cutaneous lesions (s-acl) and 52 asymptomatic dogs (as-acl) of unknown age and breed living in areas endemic for acl were monitored for 1 year for ulcerated cutaneous lesions and immunoblotting using peroxidase-conjugated secondary anti-igg, anti-igg1 and anti-igg2 dog antibodies. we reported that antibodies against leishmania (viannia) ... | 2010 | 20598805 |
| a battery of 12 microsatellite markers for genetic analysis of the leishmania (viannia) guyanensis complex. | we used 12 microsatellite markers developed for leishmania braziliensis to genotype 28 strains of the main species of the leishmania guyanensis complex (i.e. l. guyanensis and l. panamensis) collected in ecuador and peru. the important heterozygote deficits observed in these populations are similar with the previous data obtained in l. braziliensis and raise again the debate on the reproductive mode of these protozoan parasites. the data showed genetic polymorphism and geographical differentiati ... | 2010 | 20609264 |
| resistance of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis to nitric oxide: correlation with antimony therapy and tnf-alpha production. | nitric oxide (no) produced in macrophages plays a pivotal role as a leishmanicidal agent. a previous study has demonstrated that 20% of the l. (v.) braziliensis isolated from initial cutaneous lesions of patients from the endemic area of corte de pedra, bahia, brazil, were no resistant. additionally, 5 to 11% of the patients did not respond to three or more antimony treatments" (refractory patients). the aim of this study is to investigate if there is an association between the resistance of l. ... | 2010 | 20633260 |
| transcriptomics throughout the life cycle of leishmania infantum: high down-regulation rate in the amastigote stage. | leishmania infantum is the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. the promastigote and amastigote stages alternate in the life cycle of the parasite, developing inside the sand-fly gut and inside mammalian phagocytic cells, respectively. high-throughput genomic and proteomic analyses have not focused their attention on promastigote development, although partial approaches have been made in leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis. for this reason we ha ... | 2010 | 20654620 |
| evaluation of electro-eluted antigens in the serological diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | 2010 | 20659396 | |
| clinical and demographic stratification of test performance: a pooled analysis of five laboratory diagnostic methods for american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | we evaluated performance characteristics of five diagnostic methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis. patients who came to the leishmania clinic of hospital nacional cayetano heredia in lima, peru, were enrolled in the study. lesion smears, culture, microculture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and leishmanin skin test (lst) were performed. a total of 145 patients with 202 lesions were enrolled: 114 patients with 161 lesions fulfilled criteria for cutaneous leishmaniasis. sensitivity and specificity ... | 2010 | 20682880 |
| leishmania tarentolae: utility as an in vitro model for screening of antileishmanial agents. | primary screens for antileishmanial compounds use leishmania species pathogenic to humans that must be handled under biosafety conditions that cannot be adopted or guaranteed everywhere. leishmania tarentolae, a parasite isolated from the gecko tarentolae annularis, has not been considered pathogenic to humans. promastigotes of l. tarentolae have been previously used as a eukaryotic expression system for the production of recombinant proteins and in the amplification of genes involved in resista ... | 2010 | 20685203 |
| use of fta cards for direct sampling of patients' lesions in the ecological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the fta card (whatman) was assessed for its utility as a molecular epidemiological tool in collecting samples from patients with leishmaniasis in peru because the card has a variety of merits; it is less invasive for patients and easy to handle for both physicians and other medical personnel for sample collection or diagnosis, in addition to its simplicity and easy countrywide and/or intercountry transportation for analysis. samples were collected from 132 patients suspected of having leishmania ... | 2010 | 20720027 |
| sunlight triggered photodynamic ultradeformable liposomes against leishmania braziliensis are also leishmanicidal in the dark. | being independent of artificial power sources, self administered sunlight triggered photodynamic therapy could be a suitable alternative treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis, that avoids the need for injectables and the toxic side effects of pentavalent antimonials. in this work we have determined the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of sunlight triggered photodynamic ultradeformable liposomes (udl). znpc is a hydrophobic zn phthalocyanine that showed 20% anti-promastigote activity (apa) and 20 ... | 2010 | 20727925 |
| "everything you always wanted to know about sex (but were afraid to ask)" in leishmania after two decades of laboratory and field analyses. | leishmaniases remain a major public health problem today (350 million people at risk, 12 million infected, and 2 million new infections per year). despite the considerable progress in cellular and molecular biology and in evolutionary genetics since 1990, the debate on the population structure and reproductive mode of leishmania is far from being settled and therefore deserves further investigation. two major hypotheses coexist: clonality versus sexuality. however, because of the lack of clear e ... | 2010 | 20808896 |
| murine model of chronic l. (viannia) panamensis infection: role of il-13 in disease. | leishmania (viannia) organisms are the most prevalent etiologic agents of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the americas. nevertheless, our knowledge of the immunological mechanisms exploited by l. (viannia) organisms remains limited and the mechanisms underlying disease are not well understood. here, we report the development of a balb/c mouse model of l. (v.) panamensis infection that is able to reproduce chronic disease, with persistent infection and clinically evident lesions for over 1 year. ... | 2010 | 20827674 |
| immunoenzymatic assay for the diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis using soluble and membrane-enriched fractions from infectious leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | the diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) is based on the visualization or isolation of the parasite, which is a time-consuming and poorly sensitive method. in this study, we evaluated the accuracy and reliability of elisa for the diagnosis of atl using soluble (sf) and membrane-enriched (mf) antigen fractions obtained from an infectious strain of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. a total of 152 serum samples investigated at a referral center in rio de janeiro, brazil, between 2 ... | 2010 | 20872561 |
| anti-leishmanial effects of purified compounds from aerial parts of baccharis uncinella c. dc. (asteraceae). | species of baccharis exhibit antibiotic, antiseptic, wound-healing, and anti-protozoal properties, and have been used in the traditional medicine of south america for the treatment of several diseases. in the present work, the fractionation of etoh extract from aerial parts of baccharis uncinella indicated that the isolated compounds caffeic acid and pectolinaringenin showed inhibitory activity against leishmania (l.) amazonensis and leishmania (v.) braziliensis promastigotes, respectively. more ... | 2010 | 20886232 |
| leishmania-specific surface antigens show sub-genus sequence variation and immune recognition. | a family of hydrophilic acylated surface (hasp) proteins, containing extensive and variant amino acid repeats, is expressed at the plasma membrane in infective extracellular (metacyclic) and intracellular (amastigote) stages of old world leishmania species. while hasps are antigenic in the host and can induce protective immune responses, the biological functions of these leishmania-specific proteins remain unresolved. previous genome analysis has suggested that parasites of the sub-genus leishma ... | 2010 | 20927190 |
| antigenic extracts of leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis associated with saponin partially protects balb/c mice against leishmania chagasi infection by suppressing il-10 and il-4 production. | this study evaluated two vaccine candidates for their effectiveness in protecting balb/c mice against leishmania chagasi infection. these immunogenic preparations were composed of leishmania amazonensis or leishmania braziliensis antigenic extracts in association with saponin adjuvant. mice were given three subcutaneous doses of one of these vaccine candidates weekly for three weeks and four weeks later challenged with promastigotes of l. chagasi by intravenous injection. we observed that both v ... | 2010 | 20944999 |
| [mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in morocco, evidence of the parasite's ecological evolution?]. | 2010 | 20947275 | |
| natural infections of man-biting sand flies by leishmania and trypanosoma species in the northern peruvian andes. | abstract the natural infection of sand flies by leishmania species was studied in the andean areas of peru where cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) peruviana is endemic. sand flies were captured by human bait and center for disease control (cdc) light trap catches at nambuque and padregual, department of la libertad, peru, and morphologically identified. among 377 female sand flies dissected, the two dominant man-biting species were lutzomyia (helcocyrtomyia) peruensis (211 f ... | 2010 | 20954867 |
| retention and loss of rna interference pathways in trypanosomatid protozoans. | rna interference (rnai) pathways are widespread in metaozoans but the genes required show variable occurrence or activity in eukaryotic microbes, including many pathogens. while some leishmania lack rnai activity and argonaute or dicer genes, we show that leishmania braziliensis and other species within the leishmania subgenus viannia elaborate active rnai machinery. strong attenuation of expression from a variety of reporter and endogenous genes was seen. as expected, rnai knockdowns of the sol ... | 2010 | 21060810 |
| characterization of leishmania spp. causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in manaus, amazonas, brazil. | in the state of amazonas, american tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic and presents a wide spectrum of clinical variability due to the large diversity of circulating species in the region. isolates from patients in manaus and its metropolitan region were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymes belonging to four species of the parasite: leishmania (viannia) guyanensis, 73% (153/209); leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, 14% (30/209); leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, 8% (17/209 ... | 2010 | 21072540 |
| the expression of tlr9 in human cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with granuloma. | the toll-like receptor (tlr) signalling pathway is the first system that defends against leishmania. after recognising leishmania as nonself, tlrs trigger nf-κb expression.nf-κb proceeds to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. tlr9 is thus an important factor in the induction of an effective immune response against leishmania. we examined the pattern of tlr9 expression in 12 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis detected by p ... | 2010 | 21086718 |
| therapeutic failure in american cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with gelatinase activity and cytokine expression. | cutaneous lesions caused by leishmania braziliensis infection occasionally heal spontaneously, but with antimonials therapy heal rapidly in approximately 3 weeks. however, about 15% of the cases require several courses of therapy. matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2) and mmp-9 are gelatinases that have been implicated in other chronic cutaneous diseases and skin re-epithelialization. these enzymes are controlled by their natural inhibitors [tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (timps)] and by so ... | 2010 | 21091666 |
| exacerbation of leishmania (viannia) shawi infection in balb/c mice after immunization with soluble antigen from amastigote forms. | the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunization with soluble amastigote (amaag) and promastigote (proag) antigens from leishmania (viannia) shawi on the course of infection in balb/c mice. after immunization with amaag, the challenged group showed greater lesion size and parasite load in the skin and lymph nodes, associated with diminished interleukin (il)-2, il-4, il-10, interferon (ifn)-γ and nitrate levels in the supernatant of lymph node cell cultures, together with increases ... | 2010 | 21091779 |
| evidence of rna editing in leishmania braziliensis promastigotes. | rna editing in trypanosomatids is an elaborate form of post-transcriptional processing that inserts and deletes uridines in many mitochondrial pre-mrnas, providing the genetic information needed to create functional transcripts. the process has been extensively analyzed in trypanosoma brucei, crithidia fasciculata, and leishmania tarentolae. however, few data exist on this mechanism in pathogenic leishmania species. here, we show evidence that this process also operates in leishmania braziliensi ... | 2010 | 21132328 |
| pcr-rflp of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers highlights inter and intra-species variation among leishmania strains native to la paz, bolivia. | human leishmaniasis is highly endemic in bolivia and shows a growing incidence. this report reveals the genetic variability of 35 isolates mainly belonging to leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis species. among them, 31 were from human patients with different clinical presentations, 3 strains from lutzomya nuneztovari anglesi (the proven vector of l. amazonensis) and 1 strain of a mammal (conepatus chinga). the isolates were analyzed by isoenzyme electrophoresis (mlee) and pcr-rflp ... | 2010 | 21138774 |
| natural infection of nyssomyia neivai by leishmania (viannia) spp. in the state of paraná, southern brazil, detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | natural sandfly infection by leishmania spp. in an area endemic for american cutaneous leishmaniasis was analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the sandflies were captured using falcão light traps in an endemic area of the municipality of doutor camargo during march, april, and june 2008. in total, 1803 females were analyzed; 1755 were nyssomyia neivai (pinto) and 48 were nyssomyia whitmani (antunes and coutinho). multiplex pcr analyses using mp3h-mp1l and 5llcac-3llcac primer ... | 2010 | 21142960 |