Publications

hereditary variation and genetic recombination in koji-molds (aspergillus oryzae and asp. sojae). i. natural variation.	natural variation in monospore lines of koji-molds (asp. oryzae and asp. sojae), isolated from commercial koji material or soil and from laboratory stock cultures, has been observed. we can divide the 58 strains of koji-molds investigated into two groups; one group consists of inconstant strains which are very liable to produce natural variants, and the other consists of strains which remain constant through successive single spore culture. the inconstant strains develop colonies bearing various ...	2004	15965886
hiochic acid, a new growth factor for lactobacillus homohiochi and lactobacillus heterohiochi.		2004	15965887
bread eating induced oral angioedema due to alpha-amylase allergy.	inhalation of dust from different enzymes can be the cause of occupational asthma in exposed workers. enzymes from different sources are being increasingly used in food. few cases of food allergy to alpha-amylase induced by eating bread have been reported. those cases were reported in bakery-related patients and in a pharmaceutical-industry worker. a 25-year-old farmer suffered sneezing, rhinorrhea, oropharyngeal itching, hoarseness, cough, and non-wheezy dyspnea after eating white bread. skin p ...	2004	15736722
aspergillus oryzae gb-107 fermentation improves nutritional quality of food soybeans and feed soybean meals.	this study evaluated the effect of fermentation on the nutritional quality of food-grade soybeans and feed-grade soybean meals. soybeans and soybean meals were fermented by aspergillus oryzae gb-107 in a bed-packed solid fermentor for 48 hours. after fermentation, their nutrient contents as well as trypsin inhibitor were measured and compared with those of raw soybeans and soybean meals. proteins were extracted from fermented and non-fermented soybeans and soybean meals, and the peptide characte ...	2004	15671685
different control mechanisms regulate glucoamylase and protease gene transcription in aspergillus oryzae in solid-state and submerged fermentation.	solid-state fermentation (ssf) with aspergillus oryzae results in high levels of secreted protein. however, control mechanisms of gene expression in ssf have been only poorly studied. in this study we show that both glucoamylase (glab) and protease (alpa, nptb) genes are highly expressed during surface cultivation on wheat-based solid medium, and even higher during cultivation on wheat kernels. in wheat-based liquid medium, low levels of gene expression are observed. typical ssf cultivation cond ...	2004	15800731
secretory production of aspergillus oryzae xylanase xynf1, xynf1 cdna product, in the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus.	the signal peptide of aspergillus oryzae endo-(1,4)-beta-xylanase xynf1 contains a c-terminal serine-arginine that directs efficient secretion of the enzyme into the culture medium. in the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus, however, there is little secretion of xynf1 into the culture medium. modification of the c-terminal sequence of the signal peptide to lysine-arginine resulted in efficient secretion of c. cinereus xynf1, suggesting the presence of a kex2-like protease in this fungus.	2004	14513296
biotechnological advantages of laboratory-scale solid-state fermentation with fungi.	despite the increasing number of publications dealing with solid-state (substrate) fermentation (ssf) it is very difficult to draw general conclusion from the data presented. this is due to the lack of proper standardisation that would allow objective comparison with other processes. research work has so far focused on the general applicability of ssf for the production of enzymes, metabolites and spores, in that many different solid substrates (agricultural waste) have been combined with many d ...	2004	14963614
fermentation of seeds of teff (eragrostis teff), grass-pea (lathyrus sativus), and their mixtures: aspects of nutrition and food safety.	fermentation of pure teff (eragrostis teff), pure grass-pea (lathyrus sativus), and their mixtures, 9:1 and 8:2 (teff/grass-pea) has been done at two temperatures (room temperature and 35 degrees c) in duplicate using the strains of lactobacillus plantarum, for bacterial fermentation, and aspergillus oryzae and rhizopus oligosporus in succession for solid-state fungal fermentation as inocula. in addition, the natural or spontaneous and back-slopping methods of bacterial fermentation have been do ...	2004	14995115
novel nmr approach to assessing gene transfection: 4-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside as a prototype reporter molecule for beta-galactosidase.	gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of diverse diseases. however, widespread implementation is hindered by difficulties in assessing the success of transfection in terms of spatial extent, gene expression, and longevity of expression. the development of noninvasive reporter techniques based on appropriate molecules and imaging modalities may help to assay gene expression. 4-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (pfonpg) is a novel prototype nmr-sensitive molecule, which is ...	2004	15004806
rnase t1 variant rv cleaves single-stranded rna after purines due to specific recognition by the asn46 side chain amide.	attempts to alter the guanine specificity of ribonuclease t1 (rnase t1) by rational or random mutagenesis have failed so far. the rnase t1 variant rv (lys41glu, tyr42phe, asn43arg, tyr45trp, and glu46asn) designed by combination of a random and a rational mutagenesis approach, however, exhibits a stronger preference toward adenosine residues than wild-type rnase t1. steady state kinetics of the cleavage reaction of the two dinucleoside phosphate substrates adenylyl-3',5'-cytidine and guanylyl-3' ...	2004	15005620
amylose formulations for drug delivery to the colon: a comparison of two fermentation models to assess colonic targeting performance in vitro.	the purpose of this study was to develop an enzyme-based fermentation system for the in vitro assessment of colonic digestion of amylose films and coatings, and to compare its performance with a conventional fermentation model inoculated with human faecal bacteria. amylose and ethylcellulose were mixed in different ratios and cast as isolated films, as well as spray coated onto drug-(5-aminosalicylic acid) loaded pellets. four commercial amylase enzymes were individually screened for their abili ...	2004	15010137
production of toxic metabolites in aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, and trichoderma reesei: justification of mycotoxin testing in food grade enzyme preparations derived from the three fungi.	aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, and trichoderma reesei are three important production organisms used in industrial fermentations. several of the fungal secondary metabolites produced by selected strains of these three fungi are capable of eliciting toxicity in animals. among those toxic substances are the well-known mycotoxins 3-nitropropionic acid and ochratoxin a. however, many others, such as kojic acid, may not be true mycotoxins. the production, extraction, chemical structure, and th ...	2004	15041150
coconut oil cake--a potential raw material for the production of alpha-amylase.	solid-state fermentation (ssf) was carried out using coconut oil cake (coc) as substrate for the production of alpha-amylase using a fungal culture of aspergillus oryzae. raw coc supported the growth of the culture, resulting in the production of 1372 u/gds alpha-amylase in 24 h. process optimization using a single parameter mode showed enhanced enzyme titre, which was maximum (1827 u/gds) when ssf was carried out at 30 degrees c for 72 h using a substrate with 68% initial moisture. supplementat ...	2004	15051078
enantioselective transesterification using immobilized aspergillus oryzae overexpressing lipase.	in the present study, we used gene manipulation to construct a recombinant aspergillus oryzae strain overexpressing lipase and investigated its application to the optical resolution of chiral compounds. a. oryzae niad300, which was derived from the wild-type strain rib40, was used as the host strain. the tgla gene, which encodes a triacylglycerol lipase, was cloned from the a. oryzae niad300 chromosomal genome, then reintroduced, with and without a secretion-signal sequence, into the genome and ...	2004	15052375
adenine auxotrophic mutants of aspergillus oryzae: development of a novel transformation system with triple auxotrophic hosts.	adea and adeb genes homologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae ade1 and ade2, respectively, were cloned from aspergillus oryzae. adea and adeb share 62.8% and 52.5% identities with s. cerevisiae ade1 and ade2, respectively. in order to obtain triple auxotrophic mutants from a. oryzae, 12 red-colored mutant colonies were isolated by uv mutagenesis of a double auxotrophic host, ns4 (niad(-), sc(-)), as a parent strain. all the mutants exhibited adenine auxotrophy and showed fluorescence in the vacuole ...	2004	15056900
injectable controlled release formulations incorporating protein crystals.	development of ready-to-inject in situ formable controlled release gel systems for proteins is extremely challenging due to poor stability of proteins in the organic solvents typically used to fabricate these systems and because of the need of initial drying of proteins. the focus of the present study was to develop and characterize injectable controlled release systems composed of crystals of amylase, a model protein, suspended in solutions of polymeric and non-polymeric matrix materials in org ...	2004	15063037
polyol accumulation by aspergillus oryzae at low water activity in solid-state fermentation.	polyol accumulation and metabolism were examined in aspergillus oryzae cultured on whole wheat grains or on wheat dough as a model for solid-state culture. in solid-state fermentation (ssf), water activity (a(w)) is typically low resulting in osmotic stress. in addition to a high level of mannitol, which is always present in the cells, a. oryzae accumulated high concentrations of glycerol, erythritol and arabitol at relatively low a(w) (0.96-0.97) in ssf. accumulation of such a mixture of polyol ...	2004	15073319
combined discrete particle and continuum model predicting solid-state fermentation in a drum fermentor.	the development of mathematical models facilitates industrial (large-scale) application of solid-state fermentation (ssf). in this study, a two-phase model of a drum fermentor is developed that consists of a discrete particle model (solid phase) and a continuum model (gas phase). the continuum model describes the distribution of air in the bed injected via an aeration pipe. the discrete particle model describes the solid phase. in previous work, mixing during ssf was predicted with the discrete ...	2004	15112293
thermal stabilization of penicillolysin, a thermolabile 19 kda zn2+-protease, obtained by site-directed mutagenesis.	penicillolysin is a member of the clan mx and the family of m35 proteases. the enzyme is a thermolabile zn(2+)- protease from penicillium citrinum with a unique substrate profile. we expressed recombinant penicillolysin in aspergillus oryzae and generated several site-directed mutants, r33e/e60r, a167e and t81p, with the intention of exploring thermal stabilization of this protein. we based our choice of mutations on the structures of homologous thermally stable enzymes, deuterolysin (ec 3.4.24. ...	2004	15115852
growth of aspergillus oryzae during treatment of cassava starch processing wastewater with high content of suspended solids.	aspergillus oryzae ifo 30113 was used for the treatment of the cassava starch processing (csp) wastewater. the observations on the fungal morphology showed that, in the shake flasks containing the csp wastewater with the high concentration of suspended solids, the formation of pellets originated from the adherence of germinated spores to solid particles in medium. the attached solid particles were also digested during the fungal fermentation and resulted in the formation of the smooth and hollow ...	2004	16233638
cloning of a novel tyrosinase-encoding gene (melb) from aspergillus oryzae and its overexpression in solid-state culture (rice koji).	we have cloned a novel tyrosinase-encoding gene (melb) specifically expressed in solid-state culture of aspergillus oryzae. a tyrosinase-encoding gene (melo) from a. oryzae was already cloned and the protein structures of its catalytic and copper binding domains were investigated. however, our recent results revealed that the melo gene was highly expressed in submerged culture but not in solid-state culture. because tyrosinase activity was also detected in solid-state culture, we assumed that an ...	2004	16233650
cloning and expression of a nad+-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase gene (xdha) of aspergillus oryzae.	xdha, which encodes a xylitol dehydrogenase gene, was cloned from aspergillus oryzae genomic dna. it consists of 1214 bp structural region, which is interrupted by two introns, and encodes 358-amino-acid protein (38,197 da). it is similar to the known nad(+)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.9). the gene was expressed in escherichia coli bl21-ai using a t7 promoter. the cell-free extract of the transformant showed a 36.5 kda band upon sds-page and nad(+)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase a ...	2004	16233653
isolation and characterization of a novel gene encoding alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from aspergillus oryzae.	we cloned and characterized a novel gene (abfa) encoding alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-l-afase) from aspergillus oryzae. one clone homologous to the alpha-l-afase gene of thermotoga maritima was found in an expressed sequence tag (est) library of a. oryzae and a corresponding gene was isolated. molecular analysis showed that the abfa gene carried six exons interrupted by five introns and had an open reading frame encoding 481 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence similarity at active ...	2004	16233670
characteristics of alpha-glucosidase production from recombinant aspergillus oryzae by membrane-surface liquid culture in comparison with various cultivation methods.	alpha-glucosidase was produced using recombinant aspergillus oryzae by membrane-surface liquid culture (mslc), a method previously developed by the authors and the results compared with other methods, including shaking flask culture (sfc), agar-plate culture (apc), culture on urethane sponge supports (usc), and liquid surface culture (lsc) to determine possible reasons for the advantageous features of mslc. when yeast extract was used as a nitrogen source, the amount of enzyme produced by mslc w ...	2004	16233690
a novel amine oxidase-encoding gene from aspergillus oryzae.	we cloned a novel gene (aoxa) encoding amine oxidase (aox) from aspergillus oryzae. one cdna clone showing extreme homology to the aox-encoding genes was found in an expressed sequence tag (est) library of a. oryzae. molecular analysis revealed that the aoxa carried four exons interrupted by three introns and had an open reading frame encoding 672 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence showed about 83.5% identity to the aspergillus niger ao-i. the strictly conserved residues for co ...	2004	16233720
cloning and expression analysis of two catalase genes from aspergillus oryzae.	fungi contain distinct genes encoding the same class of enzyme that are differentially regulated according to conditions. we cloned two catalase genes, cata and catb, from aspergillus oryzae. the cata gene predicts a 747-amino-acid polypeptide sharing 81% identity with aspergillus fumigatus catalase (cata) and 77% with aspergillus nidulans catalase (cata). the catb gene predicts a 725-amino-acid polypeptide sharing 82% identity with a. fumigatus catalase (catb) and 75% with a. nidulans catalase ...	2005	16233832
purification and characterization of a biodegradable plastic-degrading enzyme from aspergillus oryzae.	we used biodegradable plastics as fermentation substrates for the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. this fungus could grow under culture conditions that contained emulsified poly-(butylene succinate) (pbs) and emulsified poly-(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (pbsa) as the sole carbon source, and could digest pbs and pbsa, as indicated by clearing of the culture supernatant. we purified the pbs-degrading enzyme from the culture supernatant, and its molecular mass was determined as 21.6 kda. t ...	2005	15968570
fructosyl-amino acid oxidases of aspergillus oryzae are induced by the reaction product, glucosone.	aspergillus oryzae has two fructosyl-amino acid oxidase (faod) isozymes (aofao1 and aofao2), which are different in the substrate specificities. northern blot analysis showed both fao genes were induced by autoclave-browned medium containing l-lysine or l-valine. studies with a mutant, that had a disrupted aofao2 gene, revealed that the expression of aofao1 by fructosyl l-valine depended on the expression of aofao2. both genes were also induced by one of the faod-reaction products, glucosone. in ...	2005	15972252
copper-dependent production of a pycnoporus coccineus extracellular laccase in aspergillus oryzae and saccharomyces cerevisiae.	laccase is a multicopper-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic compounds. lcc1 cdna coding for a secretory laccase of pycnoporus coccineus was expressed under the maltose inducible amyb promoter in aspergillus oryzae and under the galactose inducible gal10 promoter in saccharomyces cerevisiae. laccase activities, which were undetectable in the absence of copper, were observed by increasing copper concentrations in the media for both systems. the amounts of secreted laccase p ...	2005	15973039
[overexpression of aspergillus candidus lactase and analysis of enzymatic properties].	the lactase gene lacb' from aspergillus candidus was fused behind alpha-factor signal sequence in the pichia pastoris expression vector ppic9, then integrated into the genome of p. pastoris by recombination events. the p. pastoris recombinants for lactase overexpression were screened by enzyme activity analysis and sds-page. the lactase expressed in p. pastoris was glycosylated protein with an apparent molecular weight of 130 kd, while the deglycosylated lactase treated with endo h had an appare ...	2005	15989270
characterization of salt-tolerant glutaminase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia nyw-81 and its application in japanese soy sauce fermentation.	glutaminase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia nyw-81 was purified to homogeneity with a final specific activity of 325 u/mg. the molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be 41 kda by gel filtration. a subunit molecular mass of 36 kda was measured with sds-page, thus indicating that the native enzyme is a monomer. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined to be keaetqqklanvvilatggtia. besides l: -glutamine, which was hydrolyzed with the highest specific activity ...	2005	16012776
synthesis of morphiceptin (tyr-pro-phe-pro-nh(2)) by dipeptidyl aminopeptidase iv derived from aspergillus oryzae.	morphiceptin (tyr-pro-phe-pro-nh(2)), tetrapeptide, was synthesized using dipeptidyl aminopeptidase iv (dp iv, ec 3.4.14.5) derived from aspergillus oryzae rib 915 as a catalyst. tyr-pro-oet was incubated with phe-pro-nh(2) in the presence of dp iv under various conditions of temperature, concentrations of ethylene glycol, ph, reaction time, and others. morphiceptin was obtained at 40% yield under the optimal reaction conditions: substrate, 4 mm tyr-pro-oet.hcl and 20 mm phe-pro-nh(2).hcl; enzym ...	2005	16029004
acidolysis between triolein and short-chain fatty acid by lipase in organic solvents.	ten kinds of lipases were examined as biocatalysts for the incorporation of short-chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) into triolein in order to produce one kind of reduced-calorie structured lipids. trans-esterification (acidolysis) was successfully done in n-hexane by several microbial lipases. among them, lipase from aspergillus oryzae was used to investigate the effects of incubation time, substrate molar ratio, and water content on acidolysis. finally, more than 80% of t ...	2005	16041127
significance of bed porosity, bran and specific surface area in solid-state cultivation of aspergillus oryzae.	in this paper, the effects of bed porosity, bran and specific surface area on the oxygen uptake rate and alpha-amylase production during growth of aspergillus oryzae on wheat grain and wheat-flour substrate are reported. the high oxygen uptake rate found during cultivation of a. oryzae on wheat-flour substrate was not reached on wheat grain. this is mainly due to the bran of the wheat grain. using wheat-flour substrates, it was shown that extra bed porosity increased the alpha-amylase production ...	2005	16046183
what the aspergillus genomes have told us.	the sequencing and annotation of the genomes of the first strains of aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus oryzae, and aspergillus fumigatus will be seen in retrospect as a transformational event in aspergillus biology. with this event the entire genetic composition of a. nidulans, the sexual experimental model organism of the genus aspergillus, a. oryzae, the food biotechnology organism which is the product of centuries of cultivation, and a. fumigatus, the most common causative agent of invasive a ...	2005	16110785
antihypertensive effect of casein hydrolysate in a placebo-controlled study in subjects with high-normal blood pressure and mild hypertension.	we describe a clinical trial to study the efficacy of a casein hydrolysate, prepared using an aspergillus oryzae protease, containing the major angiotensin-i-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides val-pro-pro (vpp) and ile-pro-pro (ipp) in a single-blind, placebo-controlled study. a total of 131 volunteers with high-normal blood pressure and mild hypertension were randomly divided into four groups (n 32 or 33 in each group). each volunteer was given two tablets containing four different dosages o ...	2005	16115337
the fungal hydrophobin rola recruits polyesterase and laterally moves on hydrophobic surfaces.	when fungi grow on plant or insect surfaces coated with wax polyesters that protect against pathogens, the fungi generally form aerial hyphae to contact the surfaces. aerial structures such as hyphae and conidiophores are coated with hydrophobins, which are surface-active proteins involved in adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces. when the industrial fungus aspergillus oryzae was cultivated in a liquid medium containing the biodegradable polyester polybutylene succinate-coadipate (pbsa), the rola gen ...	2005	16135240
genotyping of madurella mycetomatis by selective amplification of restriction fragments (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and subtype correlation with geographical origin and lesion size.	one of the causative organisms of mycetoma is the fungus madurella mycetomatis. previously, extensive molecular typing studies identified sudanese isolates of this fungus as clonal, but polymorphic genetic markers have not yet been identified. here, we report on the selective amplification of restriction fragment (aflp) analysis of 37 sudanese clinical isolates of m. mycetomatis. of 93 aflp fragments generated, 25 were polymorphic, and 12 of these 25 polymorphic fragments were found in a large f ...	2005	16145076
thermostability of irreversible unfolding alpha-amylases analyzed by unfolding kinetics.	for most multidomain proteins the thermal unfolding transitions are accompanied by an irreversible step, often related to aggregation at elevated temperatures. as a consequence the analysis of thermostabilities in terms of equilibrium thermodynamics is not applicable, at least not if the irreversible process is fast with respect the structural unfolding transition. in a comparative study we investigated aggregation effects and unfolding kinetics for five homologous alpha-amylases, all from mesop ...	2005	16150692
nuclear translocation of the heterotrimeric ccaat binding factor of aspergillus oryzae is dependent on two redundant localising signals in a single subunit.	the ccaat-binding complex in the aspergillus species, also known as the hap complex, consists of at least three subunits, namely hapb, hapc and hape. each hap subunit contains an evolutionary conserved core domain. recently, we have found that the hapc and hape subunits do not carry a nuclear localisation signal. furthermore, when in complex with hapb, they are transported into the nucleus via a 'piggy back mechanism' in a. nidulans. to extend our findings to other filamentous fungi, we examined ...	2005	16163515
genomic evidences for the existence of a phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in aspergillus oryzae.	plants interact with their environment by producing a diverse array of secondary metabolites. a majority of these compounds are phenylpropanoids and flavonoids which are valued for their medicinal and agricultural properties. the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway proceeds with the basic c6-c3 carbon skeleton of phenylalanine, and involves a wide range of enzymes viz., phenylalanine ammonia lyase, coumarate hydroxylase, coumarate ligase, chalcone synthase, chalcone reductase and chalcone isome ...	2005	16182237
nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes in the genome of fusarium graminearum, causative agent of wheat head blight.	fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss) are responsible for the biosynthesis of numerous metabolites which serve as virulence factors in several plant-pathogen interactions. the aim of our work was to investigate the diversity of these genes in a fusarium graminearum sequence database using bioinformatic techniques. our search identified 15 nrps sequences, among which two were found to be closely related to peptide synthetases of various fungi taking part in ferrichrome biosynthesis. ano ...	2005	16196211
effects of cooked molasses blocks and fermentation extract or brown seaweed meal inclusion on intake, digestion, and microbial efficiency in steers fed low-quality hay.	five ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated steers (376 +/- 8.1 kg of initial bw) were used in a 5 x 5 latin square to evaluate effects of cooked molasses block supplementation and inclusion of fermentation extract (aspergillus oryzae) or brown seaweed meal (ascophyllum nodosum) on intake, site of digestion, and microbial efficiency. diets consisted of switchgrass hay (6.0% cp; dm basis) offered ad libitum, free access to water, and one of three molasses blocks (0.341 kg of dm/d; one-half ...	2005	16282634
l-leucine aminopeptidase production by filamentous aspergillus fungi.	to screen various filamentous fungi belonging to aspergillus spp. producing leucine and methionine aminopeptidases.	2005	16305677
value of bilirubin oxidase and its mutants in the diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia.	to elucidate the significance of the coordination amino acid residues in bilirubin oxidase (bo) and their kinetic characteristics, and evaluate whether bo mutants may serve as better diagnostic agent for hyperbilirubinemia.	2005	16305950
taka-amylase a in the conidia of aspergillus oryzae rib40.	a study of taka-amylase a of conidia from aspergillus oryzae rib40 was done. during the research, proteins from conidia and germinated conidia were analyzed using sds-page, 2-d gel electrophoresis, western blot analysis, maldi-tof mass spectrometry, and native-page combined with activity staining of taa. the results showed that taa exists not only in germinated conidia but also in conidia. some bands representing degraded products of taa were detected. conidia, which formed on starch (scya), glu ...	2005	16306682
cloning and characterization of saponin hydrolases from aspergillus oryzae and eupenicillium brefeldianum.	we purified saponin hydrolases from aspergillus oryzae pf1224 and eupenicillium brefeldianum pf1226. it was confirmed that the enzymes from a. oryzae pf1224 (sda1) and e. brefeldianum pf1226 (sde1) are glycoproteins with molecular masses of 82 and 90 kda respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of each enzyme from the cloned genes (sda1 or sde1) showed approximately 50% homology with that of the saponin hydrolase sdn1 from neocosmospora vasinfecta var. vasinfecta pf1225 (ddbj accession no. ...	2005	16306700
cloning and expression of nad+-dependent l-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase gene (lada) of aspergillus oryzae.	a gene of aspergillus oryzae, lada, which encodes l-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.12), and its cdna were cloned in escherichia coli. the gene consisted of a 1209-bp coding region, interrupted by a 59-bp intron, which encoded a 382-amino-acid polypeptide (40,812 da). the protein showed 67% identity to a well-studied l-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (lad1) of hypocrea jecorina. the cell-free extract of e. coli, which expressed lada cdna, showed l-arabinitol dehydrogenase activity with nad+. it ...	2005	16310740
an iterative type i polyketide synthase pksn catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation.	a biosynthetic gene cluster containing five genes, alt1-5, was cloned from alternaria solani, a causal fungus of early blight disease to tomato and potato. homology searching indicated that the alt1, 2, and 3 genes code for cytochrome p450s and the alt4 gene for a fad-dependent oxygenase/oxidase. the alt5 gene encodes a polyketide synthase (pks), named pksn, that was found to be an iterative type i complex reduced-type pks with a c-methyltransferase domain. to identify the pksn function, the alt ...	2005	16356847
sequencing of aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with a. fumigatus and a. oryzae.	the aspergilli comprise a diverse group of filamentous fungi spanning over 200 million years of evolution. here we report the genome sequence of the model organism aspergillus nidulans, and a comparative study with aspergillus fumigatus, a serious human pathogen, and aspergillus oryzae, used in the production of sake, miso and soy sauce. our analysis of genome structure provided a quantitative evaluation of forces driving long-term eukaryotic genome evolution. it also led to an experimentally va ...	2005	16372000
genome sequencing and analysis of aspergillus oryzae.	the genome of aspergillus oryzae, a fungus important for the production of traditional fermented foods and beverages in japan, has been sequenced. the ability to secrete large amounts of proteins and the development of a transformation system have facilitated the use of a. oryzae in modern biotechnology. although both a. oryzae and aspergillus flavus belong to the section flavi of the subgenus circumdati of aspergillus, a. oryzae, unlike a. flavus, does not produce aflatoxin, and its long histor ...	2005	16372010
development of a modified positive selection medium that allows to isolate aspergillus oryzae strains cured of the integrated niad-based plasmid.	the nitrate reductase gene (niad) is the most frequently utilized as a selectable marker for homologous integration at the niad locus of aspergillus oryzae. in this study we developed a method for curing of the niad-based plasmid integrated on the a. oryzae genome. positive selection using a modified chlorate medium containing leucine as a nitrogen source enabled efficient isolation of the strains deficient in nitrate assimilation from the niad(+) transformant. pcr analysis of the strains confir ...	2005	16377911
effect of casein hydrolysate, prepared with protease derived from aspergillus oryzae, on subjects with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension.	casein hydrolysate, prepared with aspergillus oryzae protease, contains angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides, such as val-pro-pro and ile-pro-pro. we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of casein hydrolysate on the blood pressure of 144 subjects with high-normal blood pressure (n = 104) and mild hypertension (n = 40). subjects were randomly assigned to two groups for a 12-week intake period. in the test group, both systolic (sbp) a ...	2005	16379551
[cloning and characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from chaetomium globosum].	the amino acid sequence of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) gene from neurospora crassa (xp-327967) and colletotrichum lindemuthianu (p35143) were subjected to local tblastn searching against the ests local datebase of chaetomium globosum. the full length cdna sequence of 1240bp encoding gapdh gene with an open reading frame of 1014bp and encoding 337 amino acids was obtained. the protein molecular weight was 36.1kd. the dna sequence of gapdh gene was obtained through pcr amplifi ...	2005	16496697
genomics of aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungal saprophyte that is ubiquitous in the environment. it is also a human pathogen and induces allergenic response, negatively impacting health care and associated costs significantly around the world. much of the basic biology of this organism is only poorly understood, but the recent completion and publication of its genome sequence provides an excellent tool for researchers to gain insight into these processes. in this review we will summarize some of ...	2005	16499415
isolation and characterization of aspergillus oryzae vacuolar protein sorting mutants.	the vacuolar protein sorting (vps) system in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae, which has unique cell polarity and the ability to secrete large amounts of proteins, was evaluated by using mutants that missort vacuolar proteins into the medium. vacuolar carboxypeptidase y (cpy) fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) was used as a vacuolar marker. twenty dfc (dim egfp fluorescence in conidia) mutants with reduced intracellular egfp fluorescence in conidia were isolated by flu ...	2005	16085884
micrococcus luteus k-3-type glutaminase from aspergillus oryzae rib40 is salt-tolerant.	aspergillus oryzae rib40 possesses the gene of glutaminase (micrococcus luteus k-3-type glutaminase; aogls), which has 40% homology with the salt-tolerant glutaminase from m. luteus k-3 (micrococcus glutaminase). it was found that aogls is a salt-tolerant enzyme, and its properties are similar to those of micrococcus glutaminase.	2005	16384800
genomics reveals traces of fungal phenylpropanoid-flavonoid metabolic pathway in the f ilamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.	fungal secondary metabolites constitute a wide variety of compounds which either play a vital role in agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial contexts, or have devastating effects on agriculture, animal and human affairs by virtue of their toxigenicity. owing to their beneficial and deleterious characteristics, these complex compounds and the genes responsible for their synthesis have been the subjects of extensive investigation by microbiologists and pharmacologists. a majority of the funga ...	2005	16410762
studies of the toxicological potential of tripeptides (l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-l-proline): iii. single- and/or repeated-dose toxicity of tripeptides-containing lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk powder and casein hydrolysate in rats.	the objective of these studies was to assess the toxicological potential of orally administered tripeptides in rats. the studies employed powdered l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline (vpp)- and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-l-proline (ipp)-containing test articles, including (1) powdered lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk (fm), (2) pasteurized casein hydrolysate (ch) generated by aspergillus oryzae protease, and (3) synthesized vpp. all test articles were administered by oral gavage to male and female spragu ...	2005	16419576
studies of the toxicological potential of tripeptides (l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-l-proline): v. a 13-week toxicity study of tripeptides-containing casein hydrolysate in male and female rats.	the objective of this multiple-dose toxicity study was to assess the toxicological potential of two tripeptides, l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline (vpp) and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-l-proline (ipp), when administered once daily for 91 consecutive days to rats. the test article, powdered casein hydrolysate (ch) known to contain 0.6% vpp plus ipp, was prepared using aspergillus oryzae protease. prior to administration to the rats by oral gavage, the test article was suspended in sterile water. groups of 12 m ...	2005	16419578
studies of the toxicological potential of tripeptides (l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-l-proline): vii. micronucleus test of tripeptides-containing casein hydrolysate and lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk powders in rats and mice.	the objective of these in vivo experiments was to assess the mutagenic potential of tripeptides as reflected by the ability of the test compound to induce the formation of micronuclei in mouse polychromatic erythrocytes. the test agents used in these experiments were (1) powdered aspergillus oryzae protease casein hydrolysate (ch) and (2) powdered lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk (fm). both test agents contain two tripeptides, l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline (vpp) and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-l-pr ...	2005	16419580
extraction of milk-clotting enzyme produced by solid state fermentation of aspergillus oryzae.	studies on the extraction of milk-clotting enzyme after solid-state fermentation (ssf) of wheat bran by a local strain of aspergillus oryzae ls1 were done. the extraction of the enzyme was found to be depended on different parameters like nature of extractant, soaking time, temperature etc. from different inorganic and organic extractants, calcium chloride (0.05%) and glycerol (40%) were found to be the best solvents for leaching out milk-clotting enzyme. the optimum volume of calcium chloride w ...	2005	16450841
growth and amylase production by aspergillus oryzae during solid state fermentation using banana waste as substrate.	aspergillus oryzae, isolated from the starch rich litter soil, produced amylase when banana fruit stalk was used as substrate in a solid state fermentation system. the effects of incubation period, ph, temperature and various carbon sources on the production of amylase were studied. a maximum yield of 380u/mg was recorded on 96th hour of incubation. the amylase is tolerant to wide range of initial culture ph values (3 to 8) and temperature (25 to 35 degrees c), with an optimum ph of 5 and temper ...	2005	16459551
high-level expression of myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase in pichia pastoris, and its facile purification and characterization.	bilirubin oxidase (bo) from myrothecium verrucaria (authentic bo) catalyzing the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdine was overexpressed in the methylotrophic yeast, pichia pastoris. the cdna encoding bo was cloned into the p. pastoris expression vector ppic9k under the control of the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter and its protein product was secreted using the saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor signal sequence. the productivity of recombinant bo (rbo) in p. pastoris was approximately 5000 ...	2005	15802224
discovery of a novel superfamily of type iii polyketide synthases in aspergillus oryzae.	identification of genes encoding type iii polyketide synthase (pks) superfamily members in the industrially useful filamentous fungus, aspergillus oryzae, revealed that their distribution is not specific to plants or bacteria. among other aspergilli (aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus), a. oryzae was unique in possessing four chalcone synthase (chs)-like genes (csya, csyb, csyc, and csyd). expression of csya, csyb, and csyd genes was confirmed by rt-pcr. comparative genome analyses r ...	2005	15845386
visualizing nuclear migration during conidiophore development in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus oryzae: multinucleation of conidia occurs through direct migration of plural nuclei from phialides and confers greater viability and early germination in aspergillus oryzae.	nuclear migration is indispensable for normal growth, differentiation, and development, and has been studied in several fungi including aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa. to better characterize nuclear movement and its consequences during conidiophore development, conidiation, and conidial germination, we performed confocal microscopy and time-lapse imaging on a. nidulans and aspergillus oryzae strains expressing the histone h2b-egfp fusion protein. active trafficking of nuclei from a v ...	2005	15849413
allosteric nadp-glutamate dehydrogenase from aspergilli: purification, characterization and implications for metabolic regulation at the carbon-nitrogen interface.	nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadp-gdh) mediates fungal ammonium assimilation through reductive synthesis of glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate. by virtue of its position at the interface of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, biosynthetic nadp-gdh is a potential candidate for metabolic control. in order to facilitate characterization, a new and effective dye-affinity method was devised to purify nadp-gdh from two aspergilli, aspergillus niger and aspergillus nidulans. the a. niger nadp-gdh was ...	2005	15870451
three-dimensional image analysis of plugging at the septal pore by woronin body during hypotonic shock inducing hyphal tip bursting in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.	we observed that the filamentous fungus, aspergillus oryzae, grown on agar media burst out cytoplasmic constituents from the hyphal tip soon after flooding with water. woronin body is a specialized organelle known to plug the septal pore adjacent to the lysed compartment to prevent extensive loss of cytoplasm. a. oryzae aohex1 gene homologous to neurospora crassa hex1 gene encoding a major protein in woronin body was expressed as a fusion with dsred2, resulting in visualization of woronin body. ...	2005	15882988
repeated-batch production of kojic acid in a cell-retention fermenter using aspergillus oryzae m3b9.	a cell-retention fermenter was used for the pilot-scale production of kojic acid using an improved strain of aspergillus oryzae in repeated-batch fermentations. among the various carbon and nitrogen sources used, sucrose and yeast extract promoted pellet morphology of fungi and higher kojic acid production. repeated-batch culture using a medium replacement ratio of 75% gave a productivity of 5.3 gl(-1)day(-1) after 11.5 days of cultivation. while batch culture in shake-flasks resulted in a produ ...	2005	15895266
grifolisin, a member of the sedolisin family produced by the fungus grifola frondosa.	the pepstatin-insensitive carboxyl proteinase grifolisin was purified from fruiting bodies of the fungus grifola frondosa, a maitake mushroom. the enzyme had an optimum ph of 3.0 for the digestion of hemoglobin and 2.8 for milk casein digestion. its molecular mass was determined to be 43kda by sds-page and 40kda by gel chromatography on superose 12, and its isoelectric point was found to be 4.6 by isoelectric focusing. the enzyme hydrolyzed four major bonds in the oxidized insulin b-chain: phe1- ...	2005	15896366
branching mutants of aspergillus oryzae with improved amylase and protease production on solid substrates.	to study the relation between the number of hyphal tips and protein secretion during growth on a solid substrate, we have constructed two mutant strains of aspergillus oryzae with increased hyphal branching. we have analysed hydrolytic enzyme activities during growth on wheat kernels (wk) of a. oryzae strains carrying the disrupted allele of the pcla gene encoding a secretion pathway specific (kex2-like) endo-protease and the disrupted allele of the pg/pi-tp gene encoding a phosphatidylglycerol/ ...	2005	15909137
identification and characterization of rns4/vps32 mutation in the rnase t1 expression-sensitive strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for altered ambient response resulting in transportation of the secretory protein to vacuoles.	we previously reported a genetic analysis of the growth-inhibitory effect caused by the overexpression of the aspergillus oryzae rnta gene, encoding rnase t1 (ribonuclease t1), in saccharomyces cerevisiae. subsequently, rns (ribonuclease t1 sensitive) mutants with mutations in the rns1 (dsl1), rns2 (ump1), and rns3 (sec17) genes, were identified. in the present study, rns4 (vps32/snf7) gene mutation was identified by complementation of tunicamycin sensitivity. while the rns4 mutant exhibited sen ...	2005	15925308
xylanase production by fungal strains on spent sulphite liquor.	xylanase production by seven fungal strains was investigated using concentrated spent sulphite liquor (sslc), xylan and d: -xylose as carbon substrates. an sslc-based medium induced xylanase production at varying levels in all of these strains, with aspergillus oryzae nrrl 3485 and aspergillus phoenicis atcc 13157 yielding activities of 164 and 146 u ml(-1), respectively; these values were higher than those obtained on xylan or d: -xylose with the same fungal strains. the highest xylanase activi ...	2005	15944854
identification of growth phenotype-related genes in aspergillus oryzae by heterologous macroarray and suppression subtractive hybridization.	aspergillus oryzae requires polarized growth for colonization of solid substrates, and this growth phenotype differs from that seen in liquid medium. various experimental approaches were used to identify genes that are differentially expressed when a. oryzae is grown on wheat kernels and in a wheat-based liquid medium. hybridization of a. oryzae rnas to a macroarray bearing cdnas isolated from a library representing at least 16% of the total number of a. niger genes identified 14 differentially ...	2005	15678358
some properties of two aldolases in extracts of aspergillus oryzae.	fructose 1,6-diphosphate (fdp) aldolase and 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-gluconate (kdg) aldolase the two key enzymes of embden-meyerhof-parnas (emp) and the nonphosphorolytic entner-doudoroff (ed) pathways respectively, were identified in cell-free extracts of four aspergillus oryzae strains grown on d-glucose as sole source of carbon. a. oryzae nrrl 3435 gave the highest enzymatic activity for the two enzymes and selected for further studies. studies on the properties of the two key enzymes indicated that ...	2005	15678561
structural and mechanistic studies of chloride induced activation of human pancreatic alpha-amylase.	the mechanism of allosteric activation of alpha-amylase by chloride has been studied through structural and kinetic experiments focusing on the chloride-dependent n298s variant of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (hpa) and a chloride-independent taka-amylase. kinetic analysis of the hpa variant clearly demonstrates the pronounced activating effect of chloride ion binding on reaction rates and its effect on the ph-dependence of catalysis. structural alterations observed in the n298s variant upon ch ...	2005	15722449
double mutant of aspergillus oryzae for improved production of l-dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine) from l-tyrosine.	aspergillus oryzae mutant strain uv-7 was further improved for the production of l-dopa from l-tyrosine using chemical mutation. different putative mutant strains of the organism were tested for the production of l-dopa in triplicate shake-flask cultures. among these putative mutants, the strain designated si-12 gave a maximal production of l-dopa (444+/-14 mg of l-dopa/g of cells). the regulation of l-dopa from different carbon source solutions [initial substrate concentration (s(0))=30 g/l] by ...	2005	15727563
development of aspergillus oryzae thia promoter as a tool for molecular biological studies.	in filamentous fungi, the repertoire of promoters available for exogenous gene expression is limited. here, we report the development and application of the thiamine-regulatable thia promoter (pthia) in aspergillus oryzae as a tool for molecular biological studies. when pthia was used to express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) reporter, the fluorescence in the mycelia was either repressed or induced in the presence or absence of thiamine in the culture media, respectively. in addit ...	2005	15727819
enrichment of cheeses manufactured from cow's and sheep's milk blends with sheep-like species-related alkylphenols.	enhancement of concentrations of species-related sheep-like alkylphenols, p- and m-cresols and 3- and 4-ethylphenols, in experimental manchego-type cheeses manufactured from cow's and sheep's milk blends (80:20) by using arylsulfatases was investigated. a food-grade arylsulfatase from aspergillus oryzae (atcc 20719) was produced using a stimulatory medium, and crude dried cells were used as the enzyme source. exogenous arylsulfatases from helix pomatia and a. oryzae were added to cheese curd, an ...	2005	15740062
effect of low oxygen concentrations on growth and alpha-amylase production of aspergillus oryzae in model solid-state fermentation systems.	oxygen transfer in the fungal mat is a major concern in solid-state fermentation (ssf). oxygen supply into the mycelial layers is hampered by diffusion limitation. for aerobic fungi, like aspergillus oryzae, this oxygen depletion can be a severely limiting factor for growth and metabolite production. this paper describes the effects of a low oxygen concentration on growth at the levels of individual hyphae, colonies and overcultures, and on alpha-amylase production in overcultures. pda medium wa ...	2005	15748690
aspergillus oryzae produces compounds inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis downstream of dihydrolanosterol.	the formation of cholesterol synthesis inhibiting molecules by five different strains of the koji mold aspergillus oryzae was studied. after growing these strains on a complex liquid medium we found in crude organic phase extracts and specific fractions there from compounds inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in human hepatic t9a4 cells in vitro at enzyme sites downstream of dihydrolanosterol. this was evidenced by using different radioactively labeled precursors, namely acetate, mevalonate, 24,25- ...	2005	15621432
effect of cycle time on fungal morphology, broth rheology, and recombinant enzyme productivity during pulsed addition of limiting carbon source.	for many years, high broth viscosity has remained a key challenge in large-scale filamentous fungal fermentations. in previous studies, we showed that broth viscosity could be reduced by pulsed addition of limiting carbon during fed-batch fermentation. the objective in this study was to determine how changing the frequency of pulsed substrate addition affects fungal morphology, broth rheology, and recombinant enzyme productivity. to accomplish this, a series of duplicate fed-batch fermentations ...	2005	15643626
synthesis of ethyl phenylacetate by lyophilized mycelium of aspergillus oryzae.	lyophilized mycelia of aspergillus oryzae cbs 102.07, aspergillus oryzae mim, rhizopus oryzae cbs 112.07, rhizopus oryzae cbs 391.34, rhizopus oryzae cbs 260.28 and rhizopus oryzae cbs 328.47 were tested in this study to select the best biocatalysts for ethanol acylation with phenylacetic acid. the mycelium-bound carboxylesterase activity of a. oryzae mim, which exhibited the best performances, was initially investigated at 50 degrees c, either in 0.1 m phosphate buffer or in n-heptane to cataly ...	2005	15650849
improvement of the aspergillus oryzae enolase promoter (p-enoa) by the introduction of cis-element repeats.	we constructed a protein expression vector with an improved enoa promoter that harbored 12 tandem repeats of the cis-acting element (region iii) of aspergillus oryzae. the improved promoter yielded reporter beta-glucuronidase (gus) activity approximately 30-fold of the original promoter. northern blot analysis confirmed that gus expression was increased at the transcriptional level. the transformant harboring seven copies of the novel vector showed more than 100,000 u/mg gus protein, which was a ...	2005	15665487
expression of the fusarium oxysporum lactonase gene in aspergillus oryzae: molecular properties of the recombinant enzyme and its application.	the lactonase gene of fusarium oxysporum was expressed in aspergillus oryzae for optical resolution of dl-pantoyl lactone. when the chromosomal gene encoding the full-length form of the lactonase, which has its own nh2-terminal signal peptide, was introduced in the host cells, the resulting transformant produced an enzyme of 46,600 da, which corresponded to the wild-type enzyme. in contrast, a. oryzae transformed with the cdna coding the mature enzyme produced a protein of 41,300 da. deglycosyla ...	2005	15503009
direct assay for alpha-amylase using fluorophore-modified cyclodextrins.	a simple assay method for alpha-amylase was developed based on fluorophore-modified cyclodextrins (cds). four kinds of cd derivatives bearing a 4-amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (nbd-amine) moiety were prepared as artificial substrates for the assay method. the fluorescence intensity of all the nbd-amine-modified cds decreased upon addition of aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase, indicating a reduction in hydrophobicity near the nbd-amine moiety induced by hydrolysis of the cd ring. nc4gammacd, ...	2006	16464599
chemoprevention of mouse urinary bladder carcinogenesis by fermented brown rice and rice bran.	fermented brown rice by aspergillus oryzae (fbra) has been shown to be a potent anti-carcinogenic compound. here, we investigated the modifying effects of dietary feeding with a naturally occurring anti-oxidant fbra on n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (oh-bbn)-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male icr mice. five-week-old male icr mice were divided into 7 groups, and groups 1-5 were given oh-bbn (500 ppm) in drinking water for 6 weeks starting at 7 weeks of age. groups 2 and 3 were ...	2006	16465408
vacuolar membrane dynamics in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.	vacuoles in filamentous fungi are highly pleomorphic and some of them, e.g., tubular vacuoles, are implicated in intra- and intercellular transport. in this report, we isolated aovam3, the homologue of the saccharomyces cerevisiae vam3 gene that encodes the vacuolar syntaxin, from aspergillus oryzae. in yeast complementation analyses, the expression of aovam3 restored the phenotypes of both deltavam3 and deltapep12 mutants, suggesting that aovam3p is likely the vacuolar and/or endosomal syntaxin ...	2006	16467481
enhanced gene targeting frequency in ku70 and ku80 disruption mutants of aspergillus sojae and aspergillus oryzae.	in the koji molds aspergillus sojae and aspergillus oryzae, exogenous dna is integrated in the genome, in most cases irrespective of the sequence homology, suggesting that dna integration occurs predominantly through a nonhomologous end joining pathway where two ku genes, namely, ku70 and ku80, play a key role. to determine the effect of ku gene disruption on the gene targeting frequency, we constructed ku70-, ku80-, and ku70-ku80-disrupted strains of a. sojae and a. oryzae. the gene targeting f ...	2006	16470383
distribution profiles of isoflavone isomers in black bean kojis prepared with various filamentous fungi.	this study was conducted to compare the transformation of both isoflavone derivatives (aglycones, beta-glucosides, and acetyl and malonyl gluclucosides) and beta-glucosidase activity in kojis fermented with various generally recognized as safe filamentous fungi including aspergillus awamori, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus sojae, rhizopus azygosporus, and rhizopus sp. no. 2. solid fermentation was performed to prepare the kojis by inoculating the steamed black beans with starter organism and cul ...	2006	16478253
effects of dietary oyster extract on lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and blood glucose in sd rats, hypertensive rats, and diabetic rats.	oyster extract was prepared by hydrolysis of oyster protein with proteases, aloase (a protease from bacillus subtilis), and pancitase (a protease from aspergillus oryzae). rats were fed a diet containing 20% casein (the control diet) or 15% casein and 5% oyster extract (the oyster extract diet) as the protein source. the oyster extract diet exerted a significant reduction in serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride concentrations as compared with the control diet in sprague-dawley (sd) rats fed ...	2006	16495664
cloning and expression of 1,2-alpha-mannosidase gene (fmanib) from filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae: in vivo visualization of the fmanibp-gfp fusion protein.	1,2-alpha-mannosidase catalyzes the specific cleavage of 1,2-alpha-mannose residues from protein-linked n-glycan. in this study, a novel dna sequence homologous to the authentic 1,2-alpha-mannosidase was cloned from a cdna library prepared from solid-state cultured aspergillus oryzae. the fmanib cdna consisted of 1530 nucleotides and encoded a protein of 510 amino acids in which all consensus motifs of the class i alpha-mannosidase were conserved. expression of the full length of 1,2-alpha-manno ...	2006	16495665
identification and analysis of ku70 and ku80 homologs in the koji molds aspergillus sojae and aspergillus oryzae.	ku genes play a key role in the non-homologous end-joining pathway. we have identified ku70 and ku80 homologs in the koji molds aspergillus sojae and aspergillus oryzae, and have constructed the disruption mutants of ku70, ku80, and ku70-80 to characterize the phenotypic change in these mutants. neither ku70- nor ku80-disrupted strains show hypersensitivity to the dna damaging agents methylmethane sulfonate (mms) and phleomycin. moreover, undesirable phenotypes, such as poor growth or repressed ...	2006	16428831
cladal relatedness among aspergillus oryzae isolates and aspergillus flavus s and l morphotype isolates.	aspergillus flavus is the main etiological agent for aflatoxin contamination of crops. its close relative, a. oryzae, does not produce aflatoxins and has been widely used to produce fermented foods. we compared the phylogeny of a. oryzae isolates and l- and s-type sclerotial isolates of a. flavus using single nucleotide polymorphisms in the omta gene in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and deletions in and distal to the norb-cypa intergenic region as phylogenetic signals. aflatoxin-produc ...	2006	16430983
comparison of the aflr gene sequences of strains in aspergillus section flavi.	aflatoxins are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites produced by aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus nomius and a few other species. the toxic effects of aflatoxins have adverse consequences for human health and agricultural economics. the aflr gene, a regulatory gene for aflatoxin biosynthesis, encodes a protein containing a zinc-finger dna-binding motif. although aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus sojae, which are used in fermented foods and in ingredient manufacture, h ...	2006	16385126
molecular analysis of an inactive aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster in aspergillus oryzae rib strains.	to help assess the potential for aflatoxin production by aspergillus oryzae, the structure of an aflatoxin biosynthesis gene homolog cluster in a. oryzae rib 40 was analyzed. although most genes in the corresponding cluster exhibited from 97 to 99% similarity to those of aspergillus flavus, three genes shared 93% similarity or less. a 257-bp deletion in the aflt region, a frameshift mutation in nora, and a base pair substitution in vera were found in a. oryzae rib 40. in the aflr promoter, two s ...	2006	16391082
hydrolase-catalyzed michael addition of imidazoles to acrylic monomers in organic medium.	hydrolase-catalyzed michael addition of imidazole derivatives to acrylic monomers in organic medium was described. a serial of n-substituted imidazole derivatives were successfully synthesized in moderate yields by the catalysis of hydrolases in organic medium. nine commercially available hydrolases from different sources were screened and all of them were found to be able to catalyze this type of addition reaction. the reaction yields depended on the solvent properties and the solvents with hig ...	2006	16099065
an enzymatically produced novel cyclomaltopentaose cyclized from amylose by an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage, cyclo-{-->6)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->}.	a bacterial strain am7, isolated from soil and identified as bacillus circulans, produced two kinds of novel cyclic oligosaccharides. the cyclic oligosaccharides were produced from amylose using a culture supernatant of the strain as the enzyme preparation. the major product was a cyclomaltopentaose cyclized by an alpha-(1-->6)-linkage, cyclo-{-->6)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->}. the other minor product was cyclomaltohexao ...	2006	16545346
g-protein and camp-mediated signaling in aspergilli: a genomic perspective.	we have carried out an in silico exploration of the genomes of aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus fumigatus, and aspergillus oryzae, and identified components of g-protein/camp-mediated signaling. putative g-protein coupled receptors (gpcrs) were distributed over nine classes. the gpcrs within classes were well conserved among aspergilli but varied in other ascomycetes. as previously observed in a. nidulans and other fungi, three galpha, one gbeta, and one ggamma subunits of g proteins were ident ...	2006	16546420
deletion analysis of the superoxide dismutase (sodm) promoter from aspergillus oryzae.	the manganese superoxide dismutase gene (sodm) is very highly expressed in aspergillus oryzae. to elucidate the basis for this high-level expression, deletion analysis of the promoter was undertaken using beta-glucuronidase (gus) as a reporter. deletion of a 63-bp sequence from -200 to -138 in the 1,038-bp sodm promoter caused a drastic decrease in gus activity. in addition, an electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (emsa) implicated a 30-bp element from -209 to -178 containing cis-element(s) ...	2006	16547700