Publications

kinetics of cellobiose hydrolysis using cellobiase composites from ttrichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger.	the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose involves the formation of cellobiose as an intermediate. it has been found necessary(1) to add cellobiase from aspergillus niger (novo) to the cellobiase component of trichoderma reesei mutant rut c-30 (natick) cellulase enzymes in order to obtain after 48 h complete conversion of the cellobiose formed in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. this study of the cellobiase activity of these two enzyme sources was undertaken as a first step in the for ...	1985	18553694
kinetics of condensation of glucose into maltose and isomaltose in hydrolysis of starch by glucoamylase.	kinetics of the condensation of glucose into maltose and isomaltose in the hydrolysis of starch by two types of glucoamylase (from aspergillus niger and rhizopus niveus) was studied both experimentally and theoretically. a kinetic model for the hydrolysis of starch by glucoamylase from a. niger was proposed. in this model the reversible hydrolysis of maltose and isomaltose and the kinetic parameters change were taken into consideration. calculated values agreed approximately with the experimenta ...	1985	18553698
purification and characterization of endo-xylanases from aspergillus niger. i. two isozymes active on xylan backbones near branch points.	two endo-xylanases (1,4-beta-d-xylan xylanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.8) were purified to homogeneity from a crude aspergillus niger pentosanase preparation by ultrogel aca 54 gel permeation chromatography, sp-sephadex c-25 cation exchange chromatography at ph 4.5, sephadex g-50 gel permeation chromatography, and a second sp-sephadex c-25 step, this one at ph 5.8. the two xylanases hydrolyzed soluble xylan more rapidly than insoluble branched xylan, but attacked each substance to an equal extent. their ...	1985	18553703
purification and characterization of endo-xylanases from aspergillus niger. ii. an enzyme of pl 4.5.	a homogeneous endo-xylanase (1,4-beta-d-xylan xylanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.8) was obtained from a crude aspergillus niger pentosanase by chromatography with ultrogel aca 54, sp-sephadex c-25 at ph 4.5, deae-sephadex a-25 at ph 5.4, sephadex g-50, and sp-sephadex c-25 with a gradient from ph 2.8 to ph 4.6. it was much more active on soluble than on insoluble xylan, yielding large amounts of unreacted xylan and a mixture of oligosaccharides with chain lengths from two to six. no xylose or l-arabinose ...	1985	18553704
purification and characterization of endo-xylanases from aspergillus niger. iii. an enzyme of pl 3.65.	an endo-xylanase (1,4-beta-d-xylan xylanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.8) from aspergillus niger was purified to homogeneity by chromatography with ultrogel aca 54, sp-sephadex c-25 at ph 4.5, deae-sephadex a-25 at ph 5.4, sephadex g-50, and deae-sephadex a-25 at ph 5.15. the enzyme was active on soluble xylan, on insoluble xylan only after arabinosyl-initiated branch points were removed, and on xylooligosaccharides longer than xylotetraose. there was slight activity on carboxymethyl-cellulose, arabinogal ...	1985	18553705
influence of glucose on the kinetics of maltodextrin hydrolysis using free and immobilized glucoamylase.	the study of the effect of glucose addition to the kinetics of maltodextrin hydrolysis catalyzed with free and immobilized aspergillus niger glucoamylase does not show any significant glucose inhibitory effect. this result is in contradiction with data previously reported in the literature. on the contrary, a slight glucose-activating effect was observed. this effect was greater in the case of the immobilized enzyme. the glucose inhibitory effect may thus not be involved in the case of practical ...	1985	18553811
solid-state fermentation: an alternative to improve the nutritive value of coffee pulp.	coffee pulp was subjected to a solid-state fermentation process, using aspergillus niger. the initial moisture content of the pulp, as well as the fermentation time and temperature, had a significant effect on the increase in total amino acid content of the material. the increase in total amino acids showed a significant correlation with the dry matter recovered (r = -0.98) and the increase in ph during the process (r = 0.98). with a moisture content of 80%, a ph of 3.5, a temperature of 35 degr ...	1985	16346724
presence and regulation of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex in the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger.	alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase has been demonstrated for the first time in cell extracts from the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger. a minimum protein concentration of 5 mg/ml is necessary for detecting enzyme activity, but a maximum of ca. 0.060 mumol/min per mg of protein is observed only when the protein concentration is above 9 mg/ml. alpha-ketoglutarate can partly stabilize the enzyme against dilution in the assay system. neither bovine serum albumin nor a variety of substrates or eff ...	1985	3968029
antimicrobial activity of methyl esters and nitriles of 2-cyano-3-(5'-r-2'-furyl)propenic acid.	derivatives of 2-cyano-3-(2'-furyl)propenic acid with a markedly polarized double bond inhibit the growth of chlorella pyrenoidosa, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans and aspergillus niger at concentrations above 40 mumol/l. their antibacterial activity (escherichia coli b, bacillus subtilis) is low. the biological effect increases with an increasing electron acceptor effect and decreasing hydrophobicity of the substituent on the furan ring. substitution of methoxycarbony] group with cya ...	1985	3979924
fungal flora of egyptian baladi bread with special reference to the mutagenic effects of their toxic metabolites.	the fungal flora of wheat flour and baladi bread in upper egypt were investigated. most of the isolated fungal species belong to the genus aspergillus. the presence of non heat resistant fungi of the both flat surfaces of baladi bread, came from contamination after baking and from improper handling at homes. among the heat resistant fungi, a. fumigatus and a. niger, were recorded to inhabit the spongy crumb although the high temperature of baking process which reached approximately 100 degrees c ...	1985	3982490
clinical and immunological reactions to aspergillus niger among workers at a biotechnology plant.	the workforce at a biotechnology plant producing citric acid by fermentation of molasses with a strain of aspergillus niger was studied. a combination of a respiratory questionnaire and clinical assessment identified 18 subjects (4.9% of the workforce) with work related bronchospasm. in nine of these evidence of sensitisation to a niger was obtained by skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent test (rast) using as an antigen an extract of the a niger culture fluid from the process. of the 325 sub ...	1985	3986142
the effect of ketoconazole on amphotericin b in a model of disseminated aspergillosis.	the potential of ketoconazole prophylaxis to antagonize the activity of amphotericin b against aspergilli was investigated in vitro and in neutropenic mice. exposure of aspergillus fumigatus (six strains) and of aspergillus flavus or aspergillus niger to ketoconazole resulted in a uniform increase of the minimal fungicidal activity of amphotericin b, from 0.15-0.63 mg/liter to greater than 2.5 mg/liter in a microwell assay. to test the relevance of this antagonism in vivo, we challenged neutrope ...	1985	3989324
[the distribution of free and esterified carboxyl groups within the pectin molecule after the action of pectin esterase from aspergillus niger and oranges].	by reaction of pectin esterase (pe) from aspergillus niger and oranges as well as lye, with 95% esterified citrus and apple pectin we prepared series of preparations with degrees of esterification between 35 and 77%. in these partial deesterified pectins the form of distribution of the free and esterified carboxyl groups has been determined from the activity coefficient gamma ca2+ of the calcium counterions in the solutions of the corresponding calcium pectinates, from the electrostatic free ent ...	1985	3990779
liberation of electrolytes during the induced autolysis of aspergillus niger.	the induced autolysis of aspergillus niger was studied by suspending mycelia in water; after 120 hours there was a 50% reduction in dry weight. the kinetics of the liberation of electrolytes during autolysis was studied, and a positive correlation was observed between the electrical conductivity of the autolizate and autolysis loss of mycelium dry weight.	1985	3993252
bacterial and fungal cometabolism of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (ddt) and its breakdown products.	resting cells of bacteria grown in the presence of diphenylmethane oxidized substituted analogs such as 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane (ddm), benzhydrol, and 4,4'-dichlorobenzhydrol. resting cells of bacteria grown with benzhydrol as the sole carbon source oxidized substituted benzhydrols such as 4-chlorobenzhydrol, 4,4'-dichlorobenzhydrol, and other metabolites of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (ddt), such as ddm and bis(4-chloro ...	1985	3994362
biological activity of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid derivatives. iii. variously substituted anilides with antimicrobial activity.	a series of 1,3-bis-anilides of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid was prepared and investigated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. the prepared compounds (i-xiv), of the general formula (a), where xn = 2-no2 (i); 2,4-(no2)2 (ii); 2,4-no2, cl (iii); 2,4-no2,cf3 (iv); 3,4-no2,cl (v); 2,4-cl,no2 (vi); 2,5-cl,no2 (vii); 2,4,6-cl,no2,cl (viii); 2,4-br, no2 (ix); 2-cf3 (x); 3-cf3 (xi); 2,5-cl,cf3 (xii); 2,5-ch3,cl (xiii); 3,4-cl,ch3 (xiv), were obtained in satisfactory yield by reacting 4-hydroxyiso ...	1985	3994839
[effect of ozone on the growth and development of lower fungi (phytophora infestans, aspergillus niger)].		1985	3996196
pseudomembranous necrotizing bronchial aspergillosis. a variant of invasive aspergillosis in a patient with hemophilia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	a 15-yr-old male hemophiliac developed the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). his terminal illness was characterized by rapidly progressive respiratory failure with intermittent wheezing, nonresponsive to bronchodilator and steroid therapy. postmortem examination revealed a pseudomembrane covering the mucosa of the lower trachea and bronchi of both lungs. this pseudomembrane was composed predominantly of fungal hyphae speciated as aspergillus niger. there was widespread transmural necro ...	1985	4003949
metabolic effects of manganese deficiency in aspergillus niger: evidence for increased protein degradation.	the effect of manganese deficiency on macromolecule synthesis has been studied in a citric acid producing strain of aspergillus niger: pulse labelling experiments showed that the synthesis of both protein and rna was not influenced by the presence of manganese; however, increased protein degradation occurred under manganese deficiency. this was also reflected by the increased activity of an intracellular proteinase activity under these conditions. in replacement cultures addition of inhibitors o ...	1985	4004449
an unsaturated fatty acid mutant of aspergillus niger with partially defective delta 9-desaturase.	the wild-type aspergillus niger (v35) does not require fatty acids for growth. four unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophs designated as ufa1, ufa2, ufa3, and ufa4 have been produced from this organism by treating the conidia of the wild-type strain with a mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, followed by isolation on media containing monounsaturated fatty acids and the nonionic detergent, brij 58. optimal growth of the mutants comparable with that of the wild type was achieved with medium s ...	1985	4005715
lipid profiles of aspergillus niger and its unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph, ufa2.	a comparative study of the mycelial lipid composition of a wild strain (v35) and one unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph (ufa2) of aspergillus niger has been performed. the lipid composition of both strains are qualitatively the same but quantitatively different. all the strains contain the following phospholipids: cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine; and triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides ...	1985	4005716
zn2+-induced cooperativity of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from aspergillus parasiticus.	mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.17) has been purified from aspergillus parasiticus, a filamentous fungus which produces the polyketide mycotoxin, versicolorin a. its kinetic properties have been compared with those of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from the related non-toxin-producing fungus, a. niger. both enzymes are inhibited by divalent transition metals, especially zn2+ and cd2+, but only the enzyme from a. parasiticus exhibits inhibitor-induced cooperative binding of the s ...	1985	4019499
antifungal properties of 3-n-alkyn-1-ols and synergism with 2-n-alkyn-1-ols and ketoconazole.	twelve 3-n-alkyn-1-ols (c4-c12, c14, c16, and c18) were tested against aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, and myrothecium verrucaria in sabouraud dextrose agar at ph 5.6 and 7.0. toxicity to candida albicans, candida tropicalis, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and mucor mucedo was determined in the same medium at ph 5.6 and 7.0 in the absence and presence of 10% beef serum. fungitoxicity was strongly influenced by chain length, slightly by ph of the medium, and significantly ...	1985	4020633
hydroxylation of benzoate and its chlorinated derivatives in aspergillus niger.	comparison of the properties of a purified benzoate-4-hydroxylase, using benzoic acid and its chlorinated derivatives as substrate, suggests that the same enzyme operates during the initial hydroxylation of benzoate, 2-chlorobenzoate (2-cba), and 3-chlorobenzoate (3-cba) in a.niger.	1985	4026866
a note on crossing experiments with aspergillus niger for the production of calcium gluconate.	a strong calcium gluconate-producing strain of aspergillus niger (mn181) was obtained by way of mutagenic treatment. its growth was very slow with moderate sporulation. the strain was treated with n-methyl-n'nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) and some auxotrophic mutants were obtained. all were less productive than the parent strain in producing calcium gluconate. the reduced yield was corrected in the heterokaryons and diploids derived by crossing sister strains. one diploid strain (d4), heterozyg ...	1985	4030528
[pulmonary oxalosis caused by aspergillus niger].		1985	4033255
utilization of gluconate by aspergillus niger. i. enzymes of phosphorylating and nonphosphorylating pathways.	gluconate which was produced in cultures of aspergillus niger with glucose as the sole source of carbon, or which was added after exhaustion of glucose, was utilized by this mold. in cell-free extracts from gluconate degrading mycelia gluconokinase and five enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway were identified. enzymes of the entner-doudoroff pathway and of a modified (non-phosphorylating) entner-doudoroff system, as well as a gluconate dehydrogenase could not be detected. it is concluded tha ...	1985	4072456
nutrient requirements in germination of conidiospores of aspergillus niger v. tieghen.	germination of conidiospores of a. niger was stimulated by the addition of some carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds to the growth medium. glucose at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml concentrations was the best sugar for germination. sucrose and fructose were the second best. glutamic acid and valine were the most effective nitrogenous compounds for the spore germination of the fungus. glucose, sucrose, and glutamic acid initiated germination within the first 6 h of incubation. when cellobiose, galactose an ...	1985	4079968
[use of millet and millet agar as sporulation media].		1985	4079976
[isopullulanase from aspergillus niger].		1985	4081055
effect of iron on the activity of aconitate hydratase and synthesis of citric acid by aspergillus niger.	two strains of a. niger were cultivated on beet molasses medium by the surface method, and the effects of iron on the mycelium formation, the rate of sugar utilization, the activity of aconitate hydratase, and synthesis of citric acid were determined. among various sources of di- and trivalent iron, ferrous sulphate was chosen for studies, which most effectively limited the synthesis of organic iron, ferrous sulphate was chosen for studies, which most effectively limited the synthesis of organic ...	1985	4090766
aconitase and citric acid fermentation by aspergillus niger.	in view of the often-cited theory that citric acid accumulation is caused by an inhibition of aconitase activity, the equilibrium of the reaction of aconitase was investigated by comparing in vivo steady-state concentrations of citrate and isocitrate in aspergillus niger grown under various citric acid-producing conditions. with the equilibrium catalyzed by the a. niger enzyme in vitro, similar values were obtained. the validity of our in vivo measurements was verified by the addition of the aco ...	1985	4091562
aspergilloma with abpa due to aspergillus niger.		1985	4093395
8-azidoflavins as photoaffinity labels for flavoproteins.	8-azidoflavins have been synthesized and their potential as photoaffinity labels for flavoproteins has been explored. they are very photolabile, and in aqueous media they react with solvent to yield 8-aminoflavins and 8-hydroxlaminoflavins as the main products. they fulfill the criteria expected of a good photoaffinity label, since they bind stoichiometrically at the flavin-binding site of flavoproteins, thus minimizing problems of nonspecific labeling. second, they absorb strongly in the visibl ...	1985	2861204
effect of carbohydrate modifications of factor viii/von willebrand factor on binding to platelets.	this study compares the ability of unmodified and carbohydrate-modified forms of factor viii/von willebrand factor (fviii/vwf) protein to bind to platelets in the presence of ristocetin or thrombin. treatment of intact fviii/vwf with alpha-d-neuraminidase results in more than 95% desialylation. asialo fviii/vwf retains total activity in ristocetin- and thrombin-mediated binding to platelets as demonstrated by direct and competitive binding assays. examination of its multimeric pattern by sodium ...	1985	2864750
role of mn2+ and mg2+ in catalysis and regulation of aspergillus niger glutamine synthetase.		1985	2867027
some cases of onychomycosis from north india in different working environments.	three fungi, alternaria humicola, a. pluriseptata and aspergillus niger are being reported as new probable etiologic filamentous fungi, causing onychomycosis. the morphology and physiology of these fungi is discussed.	1985	2935740
isolation and characterization of the aspergillus niger trpc gene.	the aspergillus niger trpc gene was isolated by complementation experiments with an escherichia coli trpc mutant. plasmid dna containing the a. niger trpc gene transforms an aspergillus nidulans mutant strain, defective in all three enzymatic activities of the trpc gene, to trp+, indicating the presence of a complete and functional trpc gene. southern blot analysis of dna from these trp+ transformants showed that plasmid dna was present but that this dna was not integrated at the site of the chr ...	1985	2936650
the action of itraconazole and ketoconazole on growth and sterol synthesis in aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus niger.	growth and sterol synthesis of aspergillus fumigatus and a. niger were studied in control cultures and in the presence of ketoconazole or itraconazole, the latter compound being 100 times more growth inhibitory than the former. sterol synthesis is inhibited more rapidly than any visible fungal outgrowth. this inhibition results in an accumulation of 4,14 dimethyl- and 4,4',14 trimethylsterols. the presence of these membrane-disturbing sterols may result in a pertubation of membrane-bound enzyme ...	1985	2986303
[changes in the activity of krebs cycle enzymes in an aspergillus niger strain during the biosynthesis of citric acid].		1985	3834769
[intracellular appearance, morphological feature and properties of aspergillus niger virus].		1985	3837544
soluble chromogenic substrates for the assay of endo-1,4-beta-xylanases and endo-1,4-beta-glucanases.	new soluble chromogenic substrates were prepared for specific and rapid assays of endo-1,4-beta-xylanases and endo-1,4-beta-glucanases. a soluble beechwood 4-o-methyl-d-glucurono-d-xylan was dyed with remazol brilliant blue r, and hydroxyethylcellulose was coupled to ostazin brilliant red h-3b. the assays are based on photometric measurements of the enzyme-released dyed fragments soluble in the presence of organic solvents which precipitate the original substrates and their high-molecular-weight ...	1985	3838626
sensitive detection of endo-1,4-beta-glucanases and endo-1,4-beta-xylanases in gels.	a simple, highly sensitive zymogram technique for detection of endo-1,4-beta-glucanases and endo-1,4-beta-xylanases in polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing was developed. the detection employs transparent agar replicas containing soluble covalently dyed polysaccharides, hydroxyethylcellulose dyed with ostazin brilliant red h-3b and beechwood 4-o-methyl-d-glucurono-d-xylan dyed with remazol brilliant blue r, as the respective substrates. the high sensitivity of the de ...	1985	3838627
antibacterial and antifungal activity of avarone and avarol.	the sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone and quinone, avarol and avarone, were previously found to be potent antitumor agents (müller et al., 1984). in the present study it is reported that in aqueous solution (ph 7.2), in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide, avarol is converted to avarone. avarone and to a smaller extent also avarol were active against a variety of grampositive bacterial species. the highest activity was determined for streptococcus pneumoniae and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (mic 0.781 ...	1985	3841441
primary cutaneous aspergillosis in six leukemic children.	we report a cluster of primary cutaneous aspergillosis in six children with hematologic malignancy. when first seen, they had hemorrhagic bullae caused by aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, and aspergillus niger at the sites of insertion of intravenous cannulas or where arm boards had been taped to the extremities. rapid diagnosis of cutaneous aspergillosis was made by direct examination of the blister roof with potassium hydroxide before it progressed to a necrotic ulcer. intravenous am ...	1985	3855880
crystals occurring in pulmonary cytology specimens. association with aspergillus infection.	birefringent needlelike crystals in rosette or wheat-sheaf-like arrangements were found in pulmonary cytology specimens from 11 of 65 patients who had either sputum cultures positive for aspergillus or histologically confirmed pulmonary aspergilloma. no crystals were found in specimens from 60 control patients with and without known fungal disease. the crystals were most often associated with a. niger infection (45.4%), followed by a. flavus (16%). crystals were also observed in one case of a. f ...	1985	3863422
monitoring of filamentous fungal growth by in situ microspectrophotometry, fragmented mycelium absorbance density, and 14c incorporation: alternatives to mycelial dry weight.	monitoring of filamentous fungal growth by spectrophotometry is generally considered not feasible. this report describes the monitoring of growth of the filamentous fungi trichophyton mentagrophytes, rhizopus oryzae, and sporothrix schenckii in broth by two new spectrophotometric methods and by 14c incorporation from [u-14c]glucose. microcultures (200 microliter) were prepared in 96-well, flat-bottom microtiter trays, and macrocultures (4 ml) were prepared in glass vials proportionally scaled up ...	1985	3883895
transformation of aspergillus niger by the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus niger grows poorly on acetamide as a nitrogen or carbon source and lacks sequences detectably homologous to the amds gene encoding the acetamidase of aspergillus nidulans. we have taken advantage of these observations to develop a transformation system for a. niger using the amds gene as a dominant heterologous marker for selecting transformants on the basis of acetamide utilization. transformants varied in their ability to grow on amide media and the number of integrated copies of t ...	1985	3894007
purification of an acid protease and a serine carboxypeptidase from aspergillus niger using metal-chelate affinity chromatography.		1985	3894397
[detection of aspergillosis among patients with lung diseases].		1985	3900990
transformation of aspergillus niger using the argb gene of aspergillus nidulans.	a mutant of aspergillus niger defective in ornithine transcarbamylase function was transformed with plasmids carrying a functional copy of the argb gene of aspergillus nidulans after treatment of spheroplasts in the presence of polyethylene glycol and calcium ions. the plasmid pdg3 gave stable transformants at a frequency of 4 per microgram of input dna. southern blot analysis of dna from transformants showed that pdg3 dna had integrated into the a. niger chromosomes at a variety of locations. t ...	1985	3902571
paraplegia due to aspergillosis. successful conservative treatment of two cases.	aspergillus infection of the spine is rare; for it to lead to paraplegia is still more rare. when this does occur it is usually treated by decompression and antifungal agents, but the results have usually been poor. we report two cases of successful conservative treatment of aspergillus paraplegia in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.	1985	3902849
glucose-sensitive membranes containing glucose oxidase: activity, swelling, and permeability studies.	the development of membranes that swell in response to glucose is reported. the membranes may prove to be useful in glucose monitoring or glucose-dependent insulin delivery. the polymers were synthesized by the radiation-induced polymerization of frozen solutions containing hydroxyethylmethacrylate, n,n-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol, water, and glucose oxidase. the polymers were hydrogels, with water contents in the range of 60-90%, dependi ...	1985	3910652
antifungal activities of n-substituted maleimide derivatives.		1985	3913847
a study of some species in the aspergillus niger group.		1985	3914613
dietary manipulation of postprandial colonic lactose fermentation: ii. addition of exogenous, microbial beta-galactosidases at mealtime.	the feasibility and efficacy of adding microbial beta-galactosidase enzymes directly to milk at the time of consumption was explored in adult lactose-malabsorbers. the hydrogen breath test, and on one occasion, the rise in blood glucose, were used as indices of the completeness of intraintestinal hydrolysis and absorption of milk lactose. when added to 360 ml of cow milk containing 18 g of lactose, empirical dosages of three beta-galactosidases--one from kluyveromyces (yeast) and two from asperg ...	1985	3918430
effective in vivo hydrolysis of milk lactose by beta-galactosidases in the presence of solid foods.	the feasibility of enzyme replacement therapy with exogenous, food-grade, microbial enzymes at mealtime to effect intragastrointestinal hydrolysis of the lactose from 360 ml of cow's milk consumed with a solid food meal (breakfast cereals) was investigated in adult guatemalan lactose-malabsorbers using a hydrogen breath-analysis procedure to quantify the completeness of postprandial carbohydrate absorption. adding 2 g of a commercial preparation of beta-galactosidase from kluyveromyces lactis at ...	1985	3918431
antimicrobial activities of n-chloramines and diazolidinyl urea.	a combination of mics of an n-chloramine, a simple chlorinated amino acid, and diazolidinyl urea gave synergistic activity against bacteria, but not fungi. the two compounds at a higher concentration, 0.1 and 0.3%, respectively, gave synergistic inhibition of fungi; kill times were 1 h for trichophyton tonsurans, 3 h for aspergillus niger and fusarium moniliforme, and 6 h for aspergillus fumigatus.	1985	3920962
antigens of aspergillus fumigatus. iii. comparative immunochemical analyses of clinically relevant aspergilli and related fungal taxa.	cell sap (cs) of the pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus strain ag-507 was fractionated by sephadex g-200 column chromatography. a protein fraction designated cs3 was partially characterized by two dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) and analytical ultracentrifugation. cs3 consisted mainly of low molecular weight components (14 k-43 k) of the whole cs, and produced one peak in analytical ultracentrifugation with an sapp of 4.25. cs3 was demonstrated to be different from a previously character ...	1985	3921301
[isolation of a highly purified glucoamylase from aspergillus niger 16/132].		1985	3929568
[biosynthesis of glucoamylase and the possibilities of using it for the conversion of starch into sugar. i. the effect of the type and concentration of the carbon source on glucoamylase biosynthesis by aspergillus niger strain b 77].		1985	3929569
[effect of the homogeneity of the culture, age and amount of the inoculation matter on glucoamylase biosynthesis by aspergillus niger strain b 77].		1985	3929570
isolation and properties of beta-glucosidase from aspergillus niger.		1985	3934065
[elimination of aflatoxin b1 in vitro by the growth of competing fungi].		1985	3934728
variation of a 470 000 daltons antigen complex and catalase antigen in clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus.	antigens in ruptured mycelium of 18 aspergillus strains including 14 clinical isolates of a. fumigatus were studied by immunoelectrophoresis. one antigenic component of molecular weight 470 000 previously characterized by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration and a second component with catalase activity were detected in all a. fumigatus isolates but in varying quantities. the 470 000 antigen complex cross-reacted with antigens in a. flavus and a. nidulans but not in a. niger ...	1985	3934773
evidence that the mechanisms of fungitoxicity of 8-quinolinol and its bischelate with copper(ii) are different.	the copper(ii) contents of the growth media, sabouraud dextrose and czapek-dox broths, and of the spore inocula of aspergillus niger (atcc 1004), aspergillus oryzae (atcc 1011), trichoderma viride (atcc 8678), and myrothecium verrucaria (atcc 9095) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in a graphite furnace. the test systems composed of sabouraud dextrose broth and spore inocula of the four fungi contained only a little over 3% of the copper(ii) required to form a minimal inhibi ...	1985	3935305
mycotoxins producing fungi and mycoflora of air-dust from taif, saudi arabia.	using the dilution plate method, 70 species and 31 genera were collected from 20 dust samples on glucose (28 genera and 64 species) and cellulose czapek's agar (22 genera and 46 species) at 28 degrees c. the most common fungi were aspergillus niger, a. flavus, a. flavus var. columnaris, phoma glomerata, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium chrysogenum and mucor racemosus; and a. nidulans, phoma humicola, drechslera spicifera and stachybotrys chartarum on the two media, respectively. toxicity test sho ...	1985	3935928
purification and properties of an alpha-d-xylosidase from aspergillus niger.	two components of alpha-d-xylosidase (alpha-d-xylosidase i and ii) were detected in the culture filtrate of aspergillus nigher grown in a medium containing sanzyme 1000-treated glyloid 2a. the major component (alpha-d-xylosidase i) was purified to an electrophoretically pure state. the purified enzyme showed approximately 540-fold increase in specific activity over the original culture filtrate. the purified enzyme was shown to be an oligomeric protein consisting of four subunits, each of which ...	1985	3936844
investigations on the sporicidal and fungicidal activity of disinfectants.	the sporicidal and fungicidal activity of disinfectants was studied in a suspension test. glutaraldehyde 4%, sodium-dichloroisocyanurate-dihydrate (2400 ppm active chlorine) and peracetic acid 0.25% demonstrated after 30 min of exposure at 20 degrees c in the presence of 4% horse serum a clear activity against spores of bacillus cereus. under the same conditions formaldehyde 4% and glutaraldehyde 2% were also found to be sporicidal, but only after a longer time of exposure. spores of bacillus an ...	1985	3938146
in vitro positive controls for histochemical stains of bacteria and fungi.	positive in vitro controls for histochemical stains of bacteria and fungi in tissue were developed from fibrin substrates of cultured microorganisms. these substrates show excellent and reproducible stain control characteristics. they are easily prepared, highly specific preparations which display greater uniformity and consistency as stain controls than do most infected tissues. these preparations may also be suitable control substrates for immunohistochemical procedures that identify microorga ...	1985	2412433
new matrices for the purification of pectinases by affinity chromatography.	polygalacturonic acid was used as a ligand in the affinity technique for pectinases purification from the filtrate of aspergillus niger 71 culture. for this purpose four matrices were examined, namely, alkylamine controlled porous glass (cpg), alkylamine silica gel as well as keratin or polyamide coated silica gel. good results of pectinase purification was obtained on silanized cpg or keratin coated silica gel supports.	1985	2413847
the effect of proteases on the synthesis of glucoamylase by mutants of aspergillus niger c.	out of 1230 cultures grown from conidia of the strain aspergillus niger c, which were previously treated with mutagens, 6 mutants were selected, 5 of which were characterized by considerably lower or lack of proteolytic activity than the parent strain. it was observed that glucoamylase activity and protein synthesis in the mutants examined were directly proportional to the rate of their proteolytic activity. from electrophoretic analysis it was found that in some protease-free mutants or with st ...	1985	2579524
anthraquinones as phytoalexins in cell and tissue cultures of cinchona spec.	the addition of autoclaved mycelia of aspergillus niger and the known phytopathogenic fungus phytophtora cinnamomi to cultured cells of cinchona ledgeriana moens. caused a marked increase in the anthraquinone content of the plant cells. this finding in combination with the antimicrobial activity of the anthraquinones isolated from calli of cinchona pubescens vahl. led to the conclusion that anthraquinones are phytoalexins.	1985	24253978
alpha-l-fucosidase from aspergillus niger: demonstration of a novel alpha-l-(1----6)-fucosidase acting on glycopeptides.	an alpha-l-fucosidase which hydrolyzes fucose from alpha-(1----6)-linkage to n-acetylglucosamine was found in aspergillus niger. the enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography with bovine igg glycopeptide-sepharose 4b. the enzyme preparation released fucose from bovine igg glycopeptide and fucosylated asialoagalactofetuin, but failed to cleave 1----2, 1----3 or 1----4 linkages of alpha-l-fucosides.	1986	2423086
reinvestigation of the carbohydrate chains of calf fetuin using 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy.	the triantennary structure of the n-linked oligosaccharide side-chain of fetuin, elucidated by a combination of 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy and enzymic degradations, accords with that reported earlier with respect to the branching pattern, but the ratio of the n-acetylneuraminic acid linkages to the galactose residues [alpha-(2----3) vs. alpha-(2----6)] was found to be 1:1, indicating structural heterogeneity of the side chains. also, one out of nine galactosyl residues is linked to 2-acetamido-2-de ...	1986	2429767
oxygen limitation in citric acid biosynthesis by aspergillus niger with the high mycelium density.		1986	2436456
occupational asthma caused by cellulase.	inhalation of enzyme dusts can cause occupational asthma, and the list of enzymes able to induce asthma is increasing. we report two patients with asthma induced by occupational exposure to cellulase powder derived from aspergillus niger. a type i hypersensitivity to this enzyme was demonstrated by means of skin test reactivity, positive passive transfer test, positive reverse enzyme immunoassay for specific ige, and immediate bronchial provocation test response to cellulase dust. skin tests wit ...	1986	3958392
morphologic and immunologic implications of pedal cutaneous aspergillosis.		1986	3958944
[seasonal variation of allergy-causing fungi in the southern part of mexico city].	the presence of mycotic flora in atmospheric medium has always been an interesting field for allergologists and ecologists interested in the problems of environmental contamination. in 1904 saito in japan demonstrated that certain spores of fungus when inhaled by susceptible individuals can produce severe respiratory processes. since then many studies have been performed to determine the generic and species of causative fungus responsible for respiratory allergy, as well to understand its growth ...	1986	3962816
hydration of cellobial by exo- and endo-type cellulases: evidence for catalytic flexibility of glycosylases.	new insight has been obtained into the catalytic capabilities of cellulase. essentially homogeneous preparations of exo- (or avicelase-) type and endo- (or cmcase-) type cellulases from irpex lacteus and aspergillus niger, respectively, were shown to hydrate the enolic bond of cellobial to form 2-deoxycellobiose. the a. niger enzyme also synthesized a small amount of a 2-deoxycellobiosyl-transfer product from cellobial. by use of digests conducted in deuterated buffer and 1h nmr spectra for prod ...	1986	3964662
[pulmonary aspergillosis in a child with septic granulomatosis].		1986	3520537
an assessment of the fungicidal activity of antimicrobial agents used for hard-surface and skin disinfection.	trichophyton mentagrophytes and aspergillus niger conidia and candida albicans blastospores were employed to assess the fungicidal activity of a range of antimicrobial agents used for hard-surface and skin disinfection in hospitals in the u.k. the antimicrobials were tested at in-use concentrations. the time taken to give greater than 99.99% kill was determined by estimating the number of survivors (cfu/ml) at a variety of time intervals after exposure of washed suspensions of spores to the disi ...	1986	3528229
rapid separation and quantitation of mixed microorganisms by filtration and bioluminescence.	a membrane filtration/bioluminescence system was developed for the differentiation and quantitation of mixed populations of microorganisms. samples containing microorganisms were filtered through two membrane filters of descending pore size. the microorganisms retained on the filter contain atp that can be extracted and measured on the filter via the firefly luciferase-luciferin bioluminescence assay. results, obtained in less than 20 min, show a good correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.95 ...	1986	3529102
[mycetoma of the lungs].	mycetomas of the lungs are, as a rule, localized in the upper (62), medial (22) and very rarely (8) in the lower portions of the lungs. most frequent localization is the right lung. operations were fulfilled on 68 of 92 patients. surgery was shown to be the most effective method of treatment of patients with lung mycetomas. it results in complete and clinical recovery.	1986	3529583
studies on the evaluation of preservative efficacy--ii. the determination of antimicrobial characteristics of benzylalcohol.	a successful kinetic approach to the screening of preservation efficacy of benzylalcohol--a neutral-type preservative--is described. the d-value, activation energy (ea), temperature coefficient (q10) and concentration exponent (n) were used as parameters in determining the influence of different factors on the efficacy of benzylalcohol. factors, such as the ph of the solution, temperature and concentration of the preservative were investigated. the study was carried out using five micro-organism ...	1986	3531242
[clinical course and diagnosis of chronic aspergillosis of the bronchi and lungs].		1986	3536674
inhibition of complement by culture supernatants of aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus produced a water-soluble extracellular material that inhibited the opsonization of fungal cells by normal human serum. blastospores of cryptococcus neoformans and conidia from a. fumigatus or aspergillus niger were used as fungal targets for ingestion by human monocytes. the opsonic inhibitor from a. fumigatus was found to decrease binding of complement component c3b to fungal surfaces by selectively interfering with activation of the alternative complement pathway. inhibit ...	1986	3537152
direct fermentation of potato starch to ethanol by cocultures of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae.	direct fermentation of unhydrolyzed potato starch to ethanol by monocultures of an amylolytic fungus, aspergillus niger, and cocultures of a. niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. amylolytic activity, rate and amount of starch utilization, and ethanol yields increased several-fold in coculture versus the monoculture due to the synergistic metabolic interactions between the species. optimal ethanol yields were obtained in the ph range 5 to 6 and amylolytic activity was obtained in ...	1986	3539016
[isolation and study of the biological properties of substances stimulating levorin biosynthesis in a mixed actinomycete and yeast culture].	active components responsible for increased synthesis levels of levorin, a polyenic antibiotic in mixed cultures of an actinomycete and a yeast-like fungus c. tropicalis were isolated from the fermentation broth. component i identified as succinic acid increased the levels of the antibiotic production by 40-50 per cent. component ii found to be lactic acid increased the antibiotic production levels by 20 per cent. component iii, a mixture of nonidentified substances of the amine nature stimulate ...	1986	3545067
protease production with sweet potato residue by solid state fermentation.	the sweet potato residue being at the initial moisture content 50-58%, initial ph 3.5-4.3, supplemented with rice bran, and minerals, and incubated at 20-26 degrees c for 5 days was the optimal conditions for protease production with aspergillus niger ntu-am-1 by solid state fermentation. protease could be recovered by shaking at room temperature for one hour and extracted with five times volume of 0.1% nacl solution. the yield of protease was 814 units per gram dry weight of substrate. partiall ...	1986	3545704
role of selective pressure by screening organisms in the development of producer mutant isolates of different antibiotic markers.	the phenotypes of producer mutant isolates when obtained after mutagenesis of the spontaneous degenerate aspergillus versicolor n5 by screening on trichophyton rubrum and those on a. niger g3br were found to be markedly different. in respect of phenotypic character anti-t. rubrum producer mutant isolates resembled the parental type more closely (which is specifically active against t. rubrum and generally against dermatophytes) than anti-a. niger mutant isolates. this clearly indicates not only ...	1986	3558163
gluconate accumulation and enzyme activities with extremely nitrogen-limited surface cultures of aspergillus niger.	batch cultures of aspergillus niger grown from conidia on a medium with high c/n ratio accumulated gluconate from glucose with a yield of 57%. during almost the whole time of accumulation there was no net synthesis of total protein in the mycelium but the activity per flask and the specific activity of glucose oxidase (ec 1.1.3.4) in mycelial extracts increased whereas both values decreased for glucose dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.99.10) 'gluconate 6-phosphatase' (cf. ec 3.1.3.1, 3.1.3.2), gluconokinas ...	1986	3013115
interaction between pyridine adenine dinucleotides and bovine liver catalase: a chromatographic and spectral study.	two different fractions were present in crystalline bovine liver catalase, and could be resolved using dye-ligand affinity chromatography with red-a matrex gel containing procion he 3b. the major part (alpha) was not adsorbed on this gel. the second fraction (beta) was firmly adsorbed to the gel, and could be eluted either by high salt or by nadph in the micromolar range. elution of catalase beta was also obtained with nadh, nadp+, and adp at higher concentration. fractions alpha and beta displa ...	1986	3015030
effect of dithiocarbamates on citric acid production by aspergillus niger.	dithiocarbamates were found to enhance the production of citric acid under solid-state fermentation conditions by aspergillus niger. maximum increase was observed with tetramethylthiuram disulfide (tmtd). percent increases observed were 74.2% with 2.5 micrograms/ml of tmtd, 19.6% with 2.5 micrograms/ml of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate and 33.1% with 0.6 micrograms/ml of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate.	1986	3021600
the isolation of fungi from laboratory dental pumice.	samples of used dental laboratory pumice from the two dental laboratories were cultured for the isolation of fungi. the resulting supernatant fluid from sedimentation of each pumice sample after suspension in sterile saline was serially diluted and plated onto sabouraud agar. after incubation, fungal colonies observed were enumerated, isolated, and identified. the mean number of fungal colonies recovered from 10 pumice samples in laboratories i and ii was 51.0 x 10(2) and 22.6 x 10(2), respectiv ...	1986	3021959
biosynthesis of methylphosphomannosyl residues in the oligosaccharides of dictyostelium discoideum glycoproteins. evidence that the methyl group is derived from methionine.	the phosphorylated oligosaccharides of dictyostelium discoideum contain methylphosphomannosyl residues which are stable to mild-acid and base hydrolysis (gabel, c. a., costello, c. e., reinhold, v. n., kurtz, l., and kornfeld, s. (1984) j. biol. chem. 259, 13762-13769). here we present evidence that these methyl groups are derived from [methyl-3h]methionine, in vivo and [methyl-3h]s-adenosylmethionine in vitro. about 18% of the macromolecules secreted from vegetative cells labeled with [methyl-3 ...	1986	3079752
characterization of a glucoamylase g2 from aspergillus niger.	peptide fragments were generated by enzymic or chemical degradation of the small form, g2, and the large form, g1, of aspergillus niger glucoamylase (ec 3.1.2.3). the g2 form was either identical to residues ala1-pro512 or to ala1-ala514 of the g1 polypeptide chain containing 616 amino acid residues. structural analysis of the o-linked carbohydrates from the 70-amino-acid-residues long extensively glycosylated segment of g2 revealed no significant differences in the contents of single mannose an ...	1986	3081341
an automated method for the quasi-continuous analysis of degradation and transfer products during the enzymatic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides.	a method is presented which allows for the automated quasi-continuous analysis of the degradation and transfer products developing during the enzymatic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides. a liquid chromatographic system is integrated into the bypass of a small batch reactor which makes it possible to take oligomer spectra without any manual sample processing being necessary. the time intervals between analyses are substantially reduced by making use of an overlapping analysis technique. postcolumn d ...	1986	3083715
grouping of aspergillus species with exoantigens.	ninety-two slant extracts prepared from 2-week-old cultures of seven aspergillus groups, nonsporulating "albino-type" a.fumigatus, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, 3 penicillium spp., 2 pseudallescheria spp., 3 paecilomyces spp., and acremonium sp., were analyzed concurrently against antisera to a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. nidulans, a. niger, and a. terreus. the extract of each of the aforementioned five pathogenic aspergillus spp. produced 2-11 specific antigen-antibody complex ...	1986	3086014
a note on the recovery of micro-organisms from an oil-in-water cream.	the isolation of micro-organisms from the oil-in-water aqueous cream bp, has been examined using a variety of solvent systems to disperse the cream prior to membrane filtration or direct inoculation. pour-plate methods which utilize combinations of either peptone-water (containing 5% w/v polysorbate 80) or nutrient broth (containing 4% w/v lubrol w) provided the most efficient recovery of pseudomonas aeruginosa but still allowed less than 20% recovery. white spirit and isopropyl myristate allowe ...	1986	3086386