Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in fallow deer and wild boar in spain. | 2005 | 15747660 | |
| development of an ims-pcr assay for the detection of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in water. | to develop a sensitive detection method for mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) in water by modifying and optimizing an existing immunomagnetic separation polymerase chain reaction (ims-pcr) technique. | 2005 | 15752216 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in dairy cattle in saskatchewan. | blood was drawn from 1530 dairy cows in 51 herds. for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum, 37.4%, 2.7%, and 5.6% of cows were test positive, respectively, while 29.2% of herds had unvaccinated animals with > or = 1:64 for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | 2005 | 15759829 |
| comparative genomic hybridizations reveal genetic regions within the mycobacterium avium complex that are divergent from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is genetically similar to other members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), some of which are nonpathogenic and widespread in the environment. we have utilized an m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis whole-genome microarray representing over 95% of the predicted coding sequences to examine the genetic conservation among 10 m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, two isolates each of mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum and mycobacterium avium sub ... | 2005 | 15774884 |
| prevalence of and risk factors for paratuberculosis in purebred beef cattle. | to estimate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in purebred beef cattle in texas and identify risk factors for seropositivity. | 2005 | 15776952 |
| genetic diversity of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates from goats detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | paratuberculosis in goats occurs worldwide causing considerable economic losses mainly due to reduced milk production. nowadays, there is still relatively little knowledge about the epidemiology of this disease in goats, and only a few epidemiological studies have been carried out in goats naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. a. paratuberculosis). the objective of this study was to characterize forty four clinical caprine isolates of m. a. paratuberculosis ... | 2005 | 15778031 |
| improving food safety within the dairy chain: an application of conjoint analysis. | this study determined the relative importance of attributes of food safety improvement in the production chain of fluid pasteurized milk. the chain was divided into 4 blocks: "feed" (compound feed production and its transport), "farm" (dairy farm), "dairy processing" (transport and processing of raw milk, delivery of pasteurized milk), and "consumer" (retailer/catering establishment and pasteurized milk consumption). the concept of food safety improvement focused on 2 main groups of hazards: che ... | 2005 | 15778330 |
| mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis recombinant heat shock protein 70 interaction with different bovine antigen-presenting cells. | abstract heat shock proteins (hsp) can deliver antigen into the major histocompatibility complex class i presentation pathway of antigen-presenting cells (apc), a process called cross priming, thus stimulating antigen-specific cd8+ t-cell reactions. hsp were shown to elicit proinflammatory responses in apc. both processes require interaction of hsp with apc via specific receptors. this study describes the interaction of recombinant hsp70 (rhsp70) of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosi ... | 2005 | 15787741 |
| does high organochlorine (oc) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (ursus maritimus)? part ii: possible effect of ocs on mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. | previous studies have reported alarmingly high levels of organochlorines (ocs), particularly polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), in free-ranging polar bears (ursus maritimus). in this study plasma concentration of pcbs ranged from 14.8 to 200 ng/g wet weight. the aim of the study was to investigate associations between ocs and lymphocyte proliferation after in vitro stimulation with different mitogens and antigens. in 1998 and 1999, 26 and 30 free-ranging polar bears from svalbard and churchill, c ... | 2005 | 15799246 |
| heat inactivation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. | the effectiveness of pasteurization and the concentration of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw milk have been identified in quantitative risk analysis as the most critical factors influencing the potential presence of viable mycobacterium paratuberculosis in dairy products. a quantitative assessment of the lethality of pasteurization was undertaken using an industrial pasteurizer designed for research purposes with a validated reynolds number of 62,112 and flow rates of 3,000 li ... | 2005 | 15812001 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the catchment area and water of the river taff in south wales, united kingdom, and its potential relationship to clustering of crohn's disease cases in the city of cardiff. | in south wales, united kingdom, a populated coastal region lies beneath hill pastures grazed by livestock in which mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is endemic. the taff is a spate river running off the hills and through the principal city of cardiff. we sampled taff water above cardiff twice weekly from november 2001 to november 2002. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected by is900 pcr and culture. thirty-one of 96 daily samples (32.3%) were is900 pcr positive, and 12 grew m. a ... | 2005 | 15812047 |
| investigation of antigen-specific t-cell responses and subcutaneous granuloma development during experimental sensitization of calves with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | to characterize the early cellular immune response to mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) infection and evaluate the development of granulomatous inflammation at the sc injection site in experimentally inoculated calves. | 2005 | 15822593 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis enters the small intestinal mucosa of goat kids in areas with and without peyer's patches as demonstrated with the everted sleeve method. | the main lesions of paratuberculosis in ruminants are in the small intestine. previous studies have shown that the bacterium enters the small intestine through m cells found in the follicle-associated epithelium lining the domes of the peyer's patches. the everted sleeve method, devised for the in vitro study of intestinal absorption, was used in this study to investigate the uptake of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in goat intestine. everted small intestinal sleeves of goat kids, p ... | 2005 | 15857661 |
| fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by dairy cows. | between 1982 and 2000, fecal samples were obtained from 786 cows that were shedding mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). these cows were resident on 93 pennsylvania dairies (mean herd size, 64 milk cows) that had no or minimal previous testing for map. feces were cultured on four tubes of herrold's egg yolk medium and the distribution of mean map colony forming units (cfu) was evaluated. most cows were light (< 10 cfu/tube, 51.4%) or high (> 50 cfu/tube, 30.8%) fecal shedders with ... | 2005 | 15863285 |
| rapid detection and typing of strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from broth cultures. | a liquid culture followed by molecular confirmation was evaluated for potential to improve sensitivity and reduce time to diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. fecal samples from 240 animals from ohio farms were assessed for presence of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis using four different protocols: (i) sedimentation processing followed by inoculation on herrold's egg yolk media (heym) slants (monitored biweekly up to 16 weeks), (ii) double centrifugation processin ... | 2005 | 15872229 |
| distribution of is1311 and is1245 in mycobacterium avium subspecies revisited. | we demonstrated that is1245 is not present in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by restriction fragment length polymorphism and that the designated three-banded bird pattern of is1245 in m. avium subsp. avium consists of one copy of is1245 and two copies of is1311. cross hybridization between the two elements can be avoided by using more specific probes. | 2005 | 15872295 |
| inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the granulomatous intestinal lesions of naturally occurring bovine johne's disease. | inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) is important in the control of a number of intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria, and is a marker of classic macrophage activation. in human granulomatous diseases such as leprosy, a spectrum of granulomatous lesions is described, ranging from the tuberculoid to lepromatous types. tuberculoid granulomas are associated with enhanced inos production and improved clinical outcomes over the lepromatous types. the aim of this study is to determine whet ... | 2005 | 15872370 |
| real-time pcr-based methods for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in water and milk. | a real-time pcr assay for quantitative detection of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis has been developed. it targets and amplifies sequences from the is900 insertion element which is specific for this bacterium, and includes an internal amplification control. the assay was tested against 18 isolates of m. avium paratuberculosis, 17 other mycobacterial strains, and 25 non-mycobacterial strains, and was fully selective. it is capable of detecting <3 genomic dna copies with 99% probability or al ... | 2005 | 15878410 |
| evaluation of the gamma interferon test for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats. | the gamma interferon assay was evaluated for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats with special emphasis on false positive reactions. four categories of herds were tested: (a) herds that had a history of paratuberculosis, had given positive mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fecal samples and were vaccinated against paratuberculosis; (b) herds that had been vaccinated but had never shown clinical signs of paratuberculosis nor given positive m. a. paratuberculosis fecal samples; and (c) ... | 2005 | 15885801 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in intestinal and lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) by pcr and bacterial culture. | the efficacy of bacterial culture and is900-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was compared for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from the intestinal and mesenteric lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) showing lesions of paratuberculosis (johne's disease). out of 20 (4.9%) animals showing histological lesions suggestive of paratuberculosis, 14 (70%) and 6 (30%) were positive in the pcr and bacterial culture, respectively. the results of t ... | 2005 | 15885931 |
| detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in retail pasteurized whole milk by two culture methods and pcr. | cattle with johne's disease can shed live mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in their milk, and map can survive under simulated commercial pasteurization conditions. in several studies conducted in the united kingdom and canada, map dna has been detected in retail pasteurized milk samples; however, in one study in the united kingdom viable map was identified in commercially pasteurized milk. a double-blind study involving two laboratories was undertaken to evaluate retail pasteuri ... | 2005 | 15895728 |
| a critical role of interleukin-10 in the response of bovine macrophages to infection by mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | to evaluate the role of interleukin (il)-10 in the inability of monocyte-derived bovine macrophages to kill mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis organisms in vitro. | 2005 | 15900955 |
| expression cloning of gamma interferon-inducing antigens of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | three recombinant proteins, map10, map39, and map41, produced based on nucleotide sequences obtained from the screening of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genomic library expressed in escherichia coli significantly elicited gamma interferon production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected cattle. two of these proteins were members of the ppe protein family. | 2005 | 15908411 |
| molecular analyses of mycobacteria other than the m. tuberculosis complex isolated from northern ireland cattle. | mycobacteria other than the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mott), isolated from northern ireland cattle, were identified by pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene, and subsequent reverse cross blot hybridisation and sequence analyses. elucidation of the mott species was to facilitate specificity testing of new and existing diagnostic test reagents for bovine tuberculosis. the presence of the genes for potential diagnostic antigens: mpb70, mpb64, esat-6 and cfp-10 in the isolated mott specie ... | 2005 | 15917138 |
| real-time quantitative pcr detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and differentiation from other mycobacteria using sybr green and taqman assays. | sensitive real-time sequence detection methods based on two different chemistries were developed for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle. one is based on the detection of sybr green bound to pcr products and the second method is more specific, detecting the cleavage of a fluorogenic (taqman) probe bound to a target sequence during primer extension phase. novel primers and probes that amplify small fragments (<80 bp) of the map speci ... | 2005 | 15927290 |
| efficacy of various pasteurization time-temperature conditions in combination with homogenization on inactivation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. | the effect of various pasteurization time-temperature conditions with and without homogenization on the viability of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was investigated using a pilot-scale commercial high-temperature, short-time (htst) pasteurizer and raw milk spiked with 10(1) to 10(5) m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells/ml. viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from 27 (3.3%) of 816 pasteurized milk samples overall, 5 on herrold's egg yolk medium and 22 by bactec cul ... | 2005 | 15932977 |
| attachment of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis to bovine intestinal organ cultures: method development and strain differences. | mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (map) causes chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestinal tract in many species of animals, but the mechanisms of disease are poorly understood. attachment of bacteria to epithelial cells is a critical step in pathogenesis of many mucosal diseases. the goal of these studies was to develop an in vitro method to study attachment of map to bovine intestinal epithelial cells. short-term, bovine intestinal organ cultures were used to show a significan ... | 2005 | 15936903 |
| evaluation of five antibody detection tests for diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis. | five diagnostic tests based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technology for bovine paratuberculosis were evaluated by using individual serum or milk samples from 359 dairy cattle in seven paratuberculosis-free herds and 2,094 dairy cattle in seven mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected dairy herds. three independent laboratories using three different culture procedures completed fecal cultures for m. paratuberculosis on these cattle and found 417 cows to be shedding m. paratuberculo ... | 2005 | 15939741 |
| opsonization effects on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis--macrophage interactions. | high antibody titers in ruminants infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis correlates with disease progression. effects of humoral responses during mycobacterial infection are not completely understood. this study suggests that activation status may be an important factor in determining macrophage ability to limit proliferation of opsonized m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2005 | 15939756 |
| cytokine gene expression profiles of bovine dendritic cells after interaction with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m.a.p.), escherichia coli (e. coli) or recombinant m.a.p. heat shock protein 70. | mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (m.a.p.) resides and replicates in macrophages. many of the of immune mechanisms aiding m.a.p. survival in the host's cells are known. however, little is known about interactions of m.a.p. with dendritic cells (dc). as dc are important for the induction of protective immunity against infectious diseases, we investigated the interaction of m.a.p. with these cells. quantitative real-time pcr (rt-pcr) was used to analyse differential expression of cytokine genes ... | 2005 | 15946745 |
| high prevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is900 dna in gut tissues from individuals with crohn's disease. | conflicting results exist about the presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) specific is900 dna in crohn's disease (cd) tissues. therefore, we examined is900 in a large number of gut samples from patients with cd (n = 100) and ulcerative colitis (uc, n = 100), and in non-inflamed control tissues (nibd, n = 100). we hypothesised that is900 dna detection might be associated with distinct clinical phenotypic characteristics in cd. | 2005 | 15951539 |
| effects of seasonal climatic conditions on the diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle. | validity of johne's disease programs and control protocols that rely on established cut points [e.g., specified sample-to-positive (s/p) ratios] for elisa serological tests depends on interpreted results that are not susceptible to variable test accuracy. it was hypothesized that seasonal variability exists in serological response to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection. further, a reciprocal response may occur, resulting in greater risk of fecal shedding in subclinically ... | 2005 | 15956306 |
| the effect of interpreting an elisa at a lower cut-off on detection of clinical cases of bovine johne's disease. | 2005 | 15957394 | |
| effects of seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum on culling in dairy cattle in four canadian provinces. | the purpose of this research was to determine the effects of seropositivity for exposure to bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and neospora caninum (nc) on overall and reason-specific culling in canadian dairy cattle. serum samples from, approximately, 30 randomly selected cows from 134 herds were tested for antibodies against blv, map and nc using commercially available elisa test kits, while 5 unvaccinated cat ... | 2005 | 15970402 |
| development of improved method for isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from bulk tank milk: effect of age of milk, centrifugation, and decontamination. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and it has been suggested that this organism may be associated with crohn's disease in humans. cows at the advanced stage of the disease shed this organism into both their milk and feces. the objective of this study was to develop a more efficient procedure for isolating map from bulk tank raw milk. bulk tank raw milk (50 ml) samples 3 to 13 d old after collection without spiking were investigat ... | 2005 | 15971671 |
| identification of mycobacterium avium genes that affect invasion of the intestinal epithelium. | invasion of intestinal mucosa of the host by mycobacterium avium is a critical step in pathogenesis and likely involves several different bacterial proteins, lipids, glycoproteins, and/or glycolipids. through the screening of an m. avium genomic library in mycobacterium smegmatis, we have identified a number of m. avium genes that are associated with increased invasion of mucosal epithelial cells. in order to further investigate these genes, we cloned six of them into a plasmid downstream of a s ... | 2005 | 15972512 |
| development and evaluation of a mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) specific multiplex pcr assay. | there are specificity questions inherent in most of the current pcr systems that amplify the map is900 sequence as an indicator for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) presence due to false positives associated with is900-like sequences that exists in other mycobacterium species besides map. we developed a multiplex pcr system designed to enhance specificity for map detection in a single pcr reaction. this pcr assay co-amplifies the mycobacterium species 16s rrna gene, map is90 ... | 2005 | 15982769 |
| detection and isolation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from intestinal mucosal biopsies of patients with and without crohn's disease in sardinia. | sardinia is an island community of 1.6 million people. there are also about 3.5 million sheep and one hundred thousand cattle in which johne's disease and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection are endemic. the present study was designed to determine what proportion of people in sardinia attending for ileocolonoscopy with or without crohn's disease were infected with this pathogen. | 2005 | 15984976 |
| the mycobacteria story in crohn's disease. | the heterogeneity of crohn's disease suggests that it would be unwise to dismiss an infectious contribution to the pathogenesis in a subset of patients. the most enduring infectious candidate has been mycobacterium paratuberculosis, which appears to be widespread in nature and appears to have the potential to infect humans. however, there are many counterarguments to the notion that map causes crohn's disease, and numerous observations are seemingly at variance with this concept. | 2005 | 15984977 |
| evaluation of a pourquier elisa kit in relation to agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test for assessment of the humoral immune response in sheep and goats with and without mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection. | the present study was designed to evaluate a commercial elisa kit (institut pourquier) for the diagnosis of ovine and caprine paratuberculosis under australian conditions and to compare its accuracy with the existing agid test. the sensitivity of the elisa in sheep and goats was 34.9% and 56.4%, with a specificity of 98.8% and 100.0%, respectively. sensitivity of agid was 13.8% for sheep and 39.5% for goats, with specificity of 100.0% for both species. the sensitivity of the elisa in sheep depen ... | 2006 | 16464541 |
| a long-term study in angora goats experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: clinical disease, faecal culture and immunological studies. | two longitudinal experiments involving angora goats challenged with either bovine or ovine strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) have been conducted over a period of 54 and 35 months, respectively. blood samples for the interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) test and the absorbed elisa and faecal samples for bacteriological culture were taken pre-challenge and monthly post-challenge. persistent shedding, ifn-gamma production, seroconversion and clinical disease occurred earlier ... | 2006 | 16310981 |
| age-specific characteristics of elisa and fecal culture for purpose-specific testing for paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis is a chronic infection, and animals are not equally affected by it. therefore, diagnostic tests that are able to detect different stages of the infection are needed for objective decision making. a longitudinal study was carried out to describe the ability of 2 tests to predict 2 conditions in dairy cattle: "infection" and "infectious," exemplifying 2 different purposes of testing. "infection" is the term of choice for certification and eradication purposes, and "infectious" is ... | 2006 | 16428626 |
| agreement between three elisas for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle. | during a 10-month period in 1999, 994 serum and tissue samples were collected from dairy cows at slaughter in eastern canada. the sources of these cattle were from all four atlantic canadian provinces along with some cows from the state of maine. the sera were used to assess the agreement of three commercially available elisas for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. two elisas were indirect absorbed elisas licensed for use in north america, the third was an indirect non-absorbed elisa l ... | 2006 | 16442752 |
| integrating theories of the etiology of crohn's disease. on the etiology of crohn's disease: questioning the hypotheses. | the most prominent theory describes the crohn's syndrome as a dysregulated, inappropriate immune response to otherwise innocuous bowel flora in a genetically susceptible host. the autoimmune theory assumes that a specific infectious agent does not exist. data from mouse models, impairment of the mucosal epithelial barrier and the influence of gut flora are used to support the autoimmune theory. critics claim that the dysregulated immune responses are not the primary disorder but secondary to an ... | 2006 | 16449960 |
| efficacy of a killed vaccine for the control of paratuberculosis in australian sheep flocks. | a field trial was undertaken from 1999 until 2004 to determine the efficacy of a killed m. a. paratuberculosis vaccine, gudair, for the control of ovine johne's disease (ojd) in merino sheep run under australian pastoral conditions. on each of three farms experiencing significant ojd losses (5-15% per annum), 200 merino lambs (age 1-4 months) were vaccinated, and 200 lambs were left unvaccinated. animal assessments and sample collections were conducted twice yearly until 4 or 5 years of age. the ... | 2006 | 16459030 |
| lpp34, a novel putative lipoprotein from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | a mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis expression library in lambda zap was screened with immunized mice sera. one clone was selected, sequenced and further characterized. the sequence analysis of the hypothetical open-reading frame (orf) predicts a protein of 20.8 kda with a probable signal sequence compatible with cys-acylation at cys24, characteristic of lipoproteins. in consequence, the protein was termed lpp34. recombinant expression of lpp34 was achieved by cloning the lpp34 gene in ... | 2006 | 16460354 |
| whole-genome plasticity among mycobacterium avium subspecies: insights from comparative genomic hybridizations. | infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease in cattle and is also implicated in cases of crohn's disease in humans. another closely related strain, m. avium subsp. avium, is a health problem for immunocompromised patients. to understand the molecular pathogenesis of m. avium subspecies, we analyzed the genome contents of isolates collected from humans and domesticated or wildlife animals. comparative genomic hybridizations indicated distinct lineages for eac ... | 2006 | 16385061 |
| routes of intraspecies transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus): a field study. | rabbits have been increasingly linked to the persistence of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in domestic ruminants in the united kingdom. the aims of this study were to determine the routes of intraspecies transmission of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in rabbits and to estimate the probability of transmission via each route, in order to gain understanding of the dynamics of map in this host. rabbits were sampled from two sites where map had previously been isolated from ... | 2006 | 16391070 |
| persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other zoonotic pathogens during simulated composting, manure packing, and liquid storage of dairy manure. | livestock manures contain numerous microorganisms which can infect humans and/or animals, such as escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mycobacterium paratuberculosis). the effects of commonly used manure treatments on the persistence of these pathogens have rarely been compared. the objective of this study was to compare the persistence of artificially inoculated m. paratuberculosis, as well as other naturally occurri ... | 2006 | 16391093 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes for rapid detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in potable-water biofilms. | here, we present for the first time a high-affinity peptide nucleic acid (pna) oligonucleotide sequence for detecting mycobacterium avium bacteria, including the opportunistically pathogenic subspecies m. avium subsp. avium, m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and m. avium subsp. silvaticum, by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method. there is evidence that m. avium subsp. avium especially is able to survive and grow in drinking-water biofilms and possibly transmit via drinking water. ... | 2006 | 16391126 |
| replication and long-term persistence of bovine and human strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis within acanthamoeba polyphaga. | free-living protists are ubiquitous in the environment and form a potential reservoir for the persistence of animal and human pathogens. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the cause of johne's disease, a systemic infection accompanied by chronic inflammation of the intestine that affects many animals, including primates. most humans with crohn's disease are infected with this chronic enteric pathogen. subclinical infection with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is widespread in domest ... | 2006 | 16391127 |
| the association of sub-clinical paratuberculosis with the fertility of greek dairy ewes and goats varies with parity. | our cross-sectional study investigated the association of sub-clinical mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection with failing to produce a live offspring the season of lambing/kidding (november 2001 to january 2002) before testing (in april-may 2002), in four dairy-sheep and/or goat flocks in greece (369 animals >or=1.5-year-old). from each selected animal 10 ml of blood and 10 g of feces from the rectum were obtained. the harvested sera were tested for antibodies to map with a ... | 2006 | 16406563 |
| crohn's disease in people exposed to clinical cases of bovine paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the cause of ruminant paratuberculosis, has been proposed as the causative agent of crohn's disease. the objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to clinical cases of bovine paratuberculosis was a risk factor for crohn's disease. a questionnaire was sent to dairy farmers living on premises where the occurrence or absence of clinical cases of bovine paratuberculosis had previously been determined. the prevalence of crohn's di ... | 2006 | 16409650 |
| secreted antigens of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as prominent immune targets. | we here describe the identification and characterization of three novel secreted mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens of 9, 15 and 34 kda (map2609, map2942c and map0210c, respectively) by screening a genomic expression library with a serum of a naturally infected clinical cow. the 9, 15 and 34 kda antigens display strong homology to previously described m. tuberculosis antigens, tb8.4, mpt53 and erp, respectively. furthermore, these antigens were shown to be recognized by antibod ... | 2006 | 16413703 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis, mycobacterium smegmatis, and lipopolysaccharide induce different transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the irg1 gene in murine macrophages. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic enteritis in ruminants. in addition, map is presently the most favored pathogen linked to crohn's disease. in this study, we were interested in dissecting the molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation or deactivation after infection with map. by subtractive hybridization of cdnas, we identified the immune-responsive gene 1 (irg1), which was expressed substantially higher in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated than in map- ... | 2006 | 16415166 |
| mycobacterial 70 kd heat-shock protein is an effective subunit vaccine against bovine paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the small intestine of cattle and other ruminants, caused by infection with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map). the disease can be found in ruminant herds worldwide, causing substantial economic losses at farm level due to premature culling and production losses. in previous studies, it has been shown that immune responses to recombinant map hsp70 proteins were predominantly cell mediated. as protective immunity to the intr ... | 2006 | 16417949 |
| sees additional factors affecting milk production. | 2006 | 16478418 | |
| cytokine responses of bovine macrophages to diverse clinical mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) persistently infects and survives within the host macrophages. while it is established that substantial genotypic variation exists among map, evidence for the correlates that associate specific map genotypes with clinical or sub-clinical disease phenotypes is presently unknown. thus we studied strain differences in intracellular map survival and host responses in a bovine monocyte derived macrophage (m ... | 2006 | 16478544 |
| molecular epidemiology of types i/iii strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolated from goats and cattle. | molecular characterization of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. a. paratuberculosis) isolates classifies them into three groups: cattle or type ii, sheep or type i, and intermediate or type iii. to avoid problems associated with characterization of extremely slow growth strains, pcr-based techniques that divide the m. a. paratuberculosis strains in two main groups (cattle or type ii, and sheep or types i/iii) can be performed. the objectives of this study were to characterize the m ... | 2006 | 16500045 |
| cellular immune responses to 35 kda recombinant antigen of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne disease, a chronic ulcerative intestinal condition in ruminant animals. owing to the predominance of cellular response in subclinical forms of the infection, identification of m. a. paratuberculosis antigens eliciting host cell-mediated immune (cmi) reaction is crucial for early control of the disease. a 35 kda protein of m. a. paratuberculosis was studied for its ability to elicit cmi responses using a mouse model. lymphoproli ... | 2006 | 16502104 |
| characterization of minnesota dairy herds participating in a johne's disease control program and evaluation of the program risk assessment tool. | the objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize minnesota dairy herds participating in a johne's disease control program (jdcp) based on herd size, milk production, and clinical johne's disease (jd) history, (2) evaluate if change in farm management practices, expressed in risk assessment (ra) total score, is associated with the change between the first and most recent elisa test herd seroprevalence or change in clinical jd culling rate, and (3) identify farm factors associated with elisa ... | 2006 | 16504319 |
| environmental sampling for detection of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis on large california dairies. | environmental samples collected from each of 3 locations on 23 large california dairies were cultured to evaluate the utility of this approach for identifying herds infected with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. results were compared with concurrent elisa testing of > or = 60 animals in each herd, and with previously performed individual and pooled fecal cultures of 60 animals. the estimated proportions of infected herds did not differ significantly among the testing methods (environme ... | 2006 | 16507690 |
| a comparison of ovine monocyte-derived macrophage function following infection with mycobacterium avium ssp. avium and mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease in ruminants, whereas the antigenically and genetically similar subspecies mycobacterium avium ssp. avium is less virulent. in this study, we compared one strain of each subspecies for its ability to survive, induce cytokines, suppress mhc class i and ii expression and induce apoptosis or necrosis in ovine monocyte-derived macrophages. both subspecies survived intracellularly and induced the secretion of il-10. low levels of tnf-al ... | 2006 | 16509826 |
| genomic comparison of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis sheep and cattle strains by microarray hybridization. | microarray-based comparisons of three mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, including one sheep strain and two cattle strains, identified three large genomic deletions in the sheep strain, totaling 29,208 bp and involving 24 open reading frames. these deletions may help explain some of the differences in pathogenicity and host specificity observed between the cattle and sheep strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2006 | 16513760 |
| insertion sequence is900 revisited. | many studies investigating mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in crohn's disease have used molecular detection of is900 in clinical samples, but some have described polymorphisms in is900 as variants of this organism. analysis of 23 m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates revealed that is900 is highly conserved, with only two sequevars distinguishing sheep and cattle lineages. amplification of is900-like sequences is not sufficient as a proxy for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2006 | 16517898 |
| mapping the effects of genetic susceptibility and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection on crohn's disease: strong but independent. | 2006 | 16517933 | |
| intra-uterine transmission of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in farmed red deer. | to determine whether intra-uterine transmission of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) occurs in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) in new zealand. | 2006 | 16528389 |
| mucosal immune response in cattle with subclinical johne's disease. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis of wild and domestic ruminants. during a long subclinical period, the organism persists in the intestine despite systemic cellular and humoral immune responses. to explore the mucosal immune response in johne's disease, we isolated mononuclear leukocytes from the ileum of cows naturally infected with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and from cows that were not infected. we eva ... | 2006 | 16537930 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genetic components in retail cheese curds purchased in wisconsin and minnesota by pcr. | research has been focused on the detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in pasteurized milk; however, pasteurized milk is a key ingredient in a variety of food products. therefore, map contamination in milk-derived products must be investigated. we undertook a six-month study to investigate the presence of viable map and map genetic components in cheese curds purchased from retail outlets in the northern and southern regions of wisconsin and minnesota. a total of 98 r ... | 2006 | 16545540 |
| longitudinal study of elisa seroreactivity to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in infected cattle and culture-negative herd mates. | two thousand nine hundred fifty-two serum samples, collected once or twice annually from 545 cows of known fecal culture status were tested for antibodies to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test. overall, 13.5% of the samples from 282 infected cows had positive elisa results, but when tested multiple times, 38.3% of the cows had at least 1 serum sample with positive results. among 263 fecal culture-negative cows ... | 2006 | 16566252 |
| inhibition of phagosome maturation and survival of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from crohn's disease patients. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is an intracellular pathogen that is known to parasitize macrophages. map is the known etiological agent of johne's disease and implicated in the etiology of crohn's disease. | 2006 | 16572045 |
| comparative evaluation of two decontamination methods for the isolation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from faecal slurry and sewage. | faecal slurry of animal origin from sale yards and raw sewage from a sewage treatment plant were sampled for the radiometric culture over 5 months at approximately weekly intervals. before the radiometric culture, samples were decontaminated using the double incubation method. one set of triplicate samples of slurry and sewage was decontaminated at 37 degrees c and the other set was decontaminated at 42 degrees c. m. a. paratuberculosis or its dna was detected in seven of 45 cultures (15.6%) of ... | 2006 | 16580796 |
| mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and its potential survival tactics. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is an important animal pathogen with a potential, but as yet unproven, role in human disease. this review briefly describes the characteristics of map that distinguish it from other mycobacterium spp., presenting new information arising from completion of the sequencing of the map genome. it then focuses on the potential mechanisms map might employ to survive and disseminate in the environment, including interaction with protozoa and insects, dorma ... | 2006 | 16599979 |
| genetic variation of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in us holsteins. | the objective of this study was to estimate genetic variability of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in us holsteins. blood and fecal samples were collected primarily from daughters of 12 bulls in their second or third lactation. routine disease testing of the sires documented that they were not infected. herds without a "suspect" or positive elisa (sample/positive ratio > or = 0.10) or positive fecal culture test were deleted from the data set. the remaining 4,603 cows from 23 ... | 2006 | 16606752 |
| current concept on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease-crosstalk between genetic and microbial factors: pathogenic bacteria and altered bacterial sensing or changes in mucosal integrity take "toll" ? | the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is only partially understood. various environmental and host (e.g. genetic-, epithelial-, immune and non-immune) factors are involved. it is a multifactorial polygenic disease with probable genetic heterogeneity. some genes are associated with ibd itself, while others increase the risk of ulcerative colitis (uc) or crohn's disease (cd) or are associated with disease location and/or behaviour. this review addresses recent advances in the geneti ... | 2006 | 16609988 |
| evaluation of the gamma interferon elisa in sheep subclinically infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using a whole-cell sonicate or a johnin purified-protein derivative. | the aim of the study reported here was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) elisa for paratuberculosis in sheep using receiver-operating characteristic analysis. bacteriologic culture of tissues was used to define the reference positive population (n = 33). two reference negative populations were used: culture-negative sheep from infected flocks (n = 77), and sheep from noninfected flocks (n = 358). we also evaluated the accuracy of 2 mycobacterium aviu ... | 2006 | 16617700 |
| detection of mycobacteria in crohn's disease by a broad spectrum polymerase chain reaction. | the role of mycobacterial infection, particularly related to mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map), in crohn's disease has long been debated. we developed primer pairs capable of detecting a broad spectrum of mycobacterium and employed them to investigate surgical specimens from patients with crohn's disease. | 2006 | 16618609 |
| differential expression of genes encoding cd30l and p-selectin in cattle with johne's disease: progress toward a diagnostic gene expression signature. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (mycobacterium paratuberculosis), the causative agent of paratuberculosis (paratb) or johne's disease in ruminants, is a health problem for the global cattle industry with significant economic losses related to decreased milk production and reduced fertility. commonly paratb in cattle is diagnosed by antibody detection by serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), by detection of the pathogen by cultivation of individual faecal samples, or by ... | 2006 | 16621022 |
| the ability of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to enter bovine epithelial cells is influenced by preexposure to a hyperosmolar environment and intracellular passage in bovine mammary epithelial cells. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the cause of johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of the bovine host is not well understood; however, it is assumed that crossing the bovine intestinal mucosa is important in order for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to establish infection. to examine the ability of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to infect bovine epithelial cells in vitro, madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) epithelial cells were ... | 2006 | 16622223 |
| growth of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the presence of hexadecylpyridinium chloride, natamycin, and vancomycin. | a design-of-experiments approach was used to examine the effect of hexadecylpyridinium chloride (hpc), alone or in combination with the antibiotics vancomycin and natamycin, on the growth of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). at concentrations above 74.4 microg/ml, hpc had a highly significant detrimental effect on the growth of map, whereas natamycin at 10.8 and 21.6 microg/ml and vancomycin at 5.2 and 10.4 microg/ml did not have such an effect. titration of the amount of hpc to ... | 2006 | 16629033 |
| sensitive detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine semen by real-time pcr. | to develop a fast and sensitive protocol for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in bovine semen and to make a critical evaluation of the analytical sensitivity. | 2006 | 16630010 |
| efficacy of monensin sodium for the reduction of fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in infected dairy cattle. | reducing the quantity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) being shed by cows with johne's disease should decrease the risk of spread of this disease to young stock. previous work has suggested that monensin sodium decreases the pathologic lesions associated with johne's disease, but the impact on shedding of viable map remains unknown. after serologic screening of 32 dairy herds in southwestern ontario, 228 cows from 13 of these herds were enrolled into a randomized clinical tri ... | 2006 | 16631972 |
| evaluation of cost-effectiveness of targeted sampling methods for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection in dairy herds. | to investigate the epidemiologic and financial impacts of targeted sampling of subpopulations of cows, compared with random sampling of all cows, for classification of dairy herd infection status for paratuberculosis. | 2006 | 16649916 |
| no evidence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in in vitro produced cryopreserved embryos derived from subclinically infected cows. | the aim of the project was to ascertain if mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) could be cultured from frozen-thawed in vitro produced (ivp) embryos derived from cows with subclinical johne's disease (jd). straws of 109 ivp embryos were obtained from 267 cumulus-oocyte-complexes (cocs) collected from 12 clinically normal cows in which antibodies against map were detected in blood by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). these embryos were processed, washed using the standard ... | 2006 | 16672160 |
| contribution of respiratory burst activity to innate immune function and the effects of disease status and agent on chemiluminescence responses by ruminant phagocytes in vitro. | the mechanisms of interaction between phagocytes and different bacteria that help resolve lung infections or contribute to lung pathology are poorly defined. alveolar phagocytes (resident macrophages and recruited neutrophils) make a major contribution to innate immunity by mounting a respiratory burst that helps kill internalised bacteria. however, this ability may be altered during or after exposure to infection. this review considers the application and limitations of a variety of analytical ... | 2006 | 16678912 |
| a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections (johne's disease) in cattle. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the diagnosis of johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, were developed using whole bacilli treated with formaldehyde (called welisa) or surface antigens obtained by treatment of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli with formaldehyde and then brief sonication (called selisa). elisa plates were coated with either whole bacilli or sonicated antigens and tested for reactivity against serum obtained from jd-posi ... | 2006 | 16682472 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: a human pathogen causing most cases of crohn's disease. | 2006 | 16696794 | |
| current understanding of the genetic diversity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiological agent of johne's disease (or paratuberculosis). paratuberculosis is a chronic gastroenteritis mainly affecting cattle, sheep and other ruminants. map is also of concern due to the heretofore unresolved issue of its possible role in crohn's disease in humans. we present here a review of map (i) mobile genetic elements; (ii) repetitive elements; (iii) single nucleotide polymorphisms; and (iv) whole-genome comparisons to study the ... | 2006 | 16697677 |
| immunological and molecular characterization of susceptibility in relationship to bacterial strain differences in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in the red deer (cervus elaphus). | johne's disease (jd) infection, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, represents a major disease problem in farmed ruminants. although jd has been well characterized in cattle and sheep, little is known of the infection dynamics or immunological response in deer. in this study, typing of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from intestinal lymphatic tissues from 74 jd-infected animals showed that clinical isolates of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from new zealand farmed ... | 2006 | 16714585 |
| development of luminescent mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis for rapid screening of vaccine candidates in mice. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a slowly growing mycobacterial species, requiring 6 to 8 weeks of culture before colonies can be counted visually. here, we describe the development of luminescent m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis expressing luxab genes of vibrio harveyi and its use for vaccine testing in an experimental mouse model, replacing fastidious cfu counting by rapid luminometry. | 2006 | 16714604 |
| mitogen activated protein kinase p38 pathway is an important component of the anti-inflammatory response in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected bovine monocytes. | we investigated the role of cell signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase-p38 (mapk p38) pathway on the antimicrobial functions and cytokine expression by bovine monocytes after ingestion of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. we evaluated the dynamic secretion of interleukin (il)-10, il-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) as well as phagosome acidification and organism killing at several time points after in vitro infection of bovine monocytes with m. avium sub ... | 2006 | 16716561 |
| time delay, temperature effects and assessment of positive controls on whole blood for the gamma interferon elisa to detect paratuberculosis. | our objective was to evaluate the effects of time and temperature on whole blood used in the gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ifn-gamma elisa) for paratuberculosis along with evaluating four potential positive controls, and four different mycobacterial antigens for the elisa. nine adult holstein cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis were used in a randomized complete block design. forty-nine blood tubes were collected from each animal and hel ... | 2006 | 16732878 |
| evaluation of a rapid fecal pcr test for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle. | a high-throughput taqman pcr assay for detection of bovine paratuberculosis was evaluated by using fecal samples from 1,808 dairy cattle in seven naturally infected herds and 347 dairy cattle in seven herds considered free of paratuberculosis. fecal, blood, and milk samples were submitted to laboratories where the pcr-based assay, three different fecal culture procedures for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (centrifugation, sedimentation, and the bactec filter concentration method), t ... | 2006 | 16928884 |
| seroprevalences of antibodies against bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in beef and dairy cattle in manitoba. | of 1204 dairy cows and 1425 beef cows sampled, 60.8% and 10.3% were seropositive for bovine leukemia virus, 4.5% and 1.7% were seropositive for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and 8.3% and 9.1% were seropositive for neospora caninum, respectively, while 28.1% of dairy herds had unvaccinated animals with titres > or = 1:64 for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | 2006 | 16933557 |
| comparison of four different culture media for isolation and growth of type ii and type i/iii mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains isolated from cattle and goats. | culture is considered the definitive technique for johne's disease diagnosis, and it is essential for later applications of certain molecular typing techniques. in this study, we have tested four solid media (herrold's egg yolk medium [heym] with sodium pyruvate and mycobactin [heymm-sp], heym with mycobactin and without sodium pyruvate [heymm], middlebrook 7h11 with mycobactin [mm], and löwenstein-jensen with mycobactin [ljm]) for isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains ... | 2006 | 16957212 |
| identification of diagnostic proteins in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by a whole genome analysis approach. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is an economically significant veterinary pathogen that causes johne's disease in cattle and sheep. there is a critical need for improved diagnostic tests to detect m. paratuberculosis infection in these animals. as with many other animal diseases, efforts need to be concentrated on the development of simple, rapid, noninvasive tests that can be performed by veterinarians or animal producers without expensive laboratory equipm ... | 2006 | 16957356 |
| isolation of high-affinity single-chain antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface proteins from sheep with johne's disease. | johne's disease, caused by infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, causes significant economic losses to the livestock farming industry. improved investigative and diagnostic tools-necessary to understand disease processes and to identify subclinical infection-are much sought after. here, we describe the production of single-chain antibodies with defined specificity for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface proteins. single-chain antibodies (scfv) were generated from sheep ... | 2006 | 16960114 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ptpa is an endogenous tyrosine phosphatase secreted during infection. | adaptive gene expression in prokaryotes is mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases. these regulatory proteins mediate phosphorylation of histidine or aspartate in two-component systems and serine/threonine or tyrosine in eukaryotic and eukaryote-like protein kinase systems. the genome sequence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease, does not possess a defined tyrosine kinase. nevertheless, it encodes for protein tyrosine phosphatases. here, we ... | 2006 | 16982836 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in lake catchments, in river water abstracted for domestic use, and in effluent from domestic sewage treatment works: diverse opportunities for environmental cycling and human exposure. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from infected animals enters surface waters and rivers in runoff from contaminated pastures. we studied the river tywi in south wales, united kingdom, whose catchment comprises 1,100 km2 containing more than a million dairy and beef cattle and more than 1.3 million sheep. the river tywi is abstracted for the domestic water supply. between august 2002 and april 2003, 48 of 70 (68.8%) twice-weekly river water samples tested positive by is900 pcr. in rive ... | 2006 | 16751517 |
| inactivation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cow's milk by means of high hydrostatic pressure at mild temperatures. | two strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (3644/02 and atcc 19698) were inoculated (approximately 6 log cfu/ml) into sterilized milk to evaluate inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure. reductions of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis increased with pressure level. significant differences were also found between m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains and between the media used. average reductions of 4 log cfu/ml after treatment with 500 mpa are comparable to those caused by th ... | 2006 | 16751566 |