Publications

a study of scrotal biopsy in subsided cases of lepromatous leprosy.	scrotal biopsies were obtained from 38 cases of lepromatous leprosy who were clinically subsided and had negative skin smears. twenty six (68.4%) of these cases revealed bacilli in the dartos muscle. none except one showed a specific lesion in the dartos. bacilli obtained from 2 out of 7 cases multiplied in the mouse foot-pad. bacilli were found to be persisting in the dartos muscle despite prolonged treatment before as well as after clinical subsidence of the disease. the persisting bacilli in ...	1979	390241
[comparative study of the variable averages and bacilloscopic and morphologic indexes in virchowian hansen patients treated with rifampicin and diaminediphenylsulfone].		1979	390679
the significance of the presence of m. leprae in tuberculoid cases.		1979	392190
systemic involvement in tuberculoid leprosy--pathogenesis of leprosy.	occurrence of leprous pathology/bacilli in the internal organs in cases of polar tuberculoid leprosy, support the systemic nature and haematagenous transmission and spread of the disease process. pathogenesis of leprosy has been postulated.	1979	392191
dapsone-resistant leprosy in ethiopia.		1979	392212
palatal involvement in lepromatous leprosy.		1979	392213
cultivation requirements for treponema pallidum, mycobacterium leprae and other microbial and mammalian microaerophilic cells.	atmospheric and biological evolution progressed simultaneously and today certain cell types flourish only at oxygen tensions which were ambient 600 million years ago, i.e., at 5 to 10 mm hg. in man, a continuous oxygen flow at these pressures is supplied in the skin where treponema pallidum, mycobacterium leprae and members of the genus rickettsia grow best. in vitro studies support the microaerophilic status of these organisms and of certain other microbial and mammalian cells. vigorous growth ...	1979	392268
[experimental transmission of m. leprae in mice treated with anti-lymphocyte serum (author's transl)].		1979	395145
[expermental transmission of m. leprae into the testes of mice born from 60co-irradiated pregnant mice].		1979	395146
advances in dermatology: 1--leprosy immunology.		1979	395793
antibody activity against mycobacterium leprae antigen 7 in leprosy: studies on variation in antibody content throughout the spectrum and on the effect of dds treatment and relapse in bt leprosy.		1979	396427
the saga of the skin smear.		1979	397385
selection of sites for slit-skin smears.		1979	397387
the fingers as sites of leprosy bacilli in pre-relapse patients.		1979	397388
the development of an active vaccine against leprosy.		1979	397704
lepromatous leprosy as a model of schwann cell pathology and lysosomal activity.	a brief illustrated account is presented of the light microscopic pathology, histochemistry of lysosomal enzymes, and fine structural changes in the nerves of patients with untreated or treated lepromatous leprosy. predominant bacillation of the schwann cells of unmyelinated fibres, degeneration of their axons, prominence of phagolysosomes, and disappearance of these cells with endoneurial collagenosis were observed on electronmicroscopic examination of the index branch of the radial cutaneous n ...	1979	399208
the relevance to protection of three forms of delayed skin-test response evoked by m. leprae and other mycobacteria in mice. correlation with the classical work in the guinea-pig.	the controversy surrounding the protective role of 'delayed hypersensitivity' in tuberculous guinea-pigs has never been resolved. this controversy has arisen because the term 'delayed hypersensitivity' is used indiscriminately to describe both a type of necrotic skin-test reactivity which does not appear until 4-6 weeks after infection, and also non-necrotic reactions which can be elicited within a few days. responses closely analogous to both have been characterized in mice immunized with mycob ...	1979	399333
phagosome/lysosome fusion: a possible prerequisite for the enhancement of antibody responses in vitro by bcg, mycobacterium leprae and corynebacterium parvum.	primary in vitro antibody responses to srbc were suppressed in cultures prepared from the spleens of cba mice injected i.v. 20 days previously with 10(8) liver bcg. in contrast, cultures prepared from mice injected with dead bcg showed enhanced responses. in vitro spleen cell responses of the mice had returned to normal levels 4--6 weeks after their injection, but if dead bcg, m. leprae or c. parvum was added to the cultures, responses were enhanced. the enhancing effect of the added bacteria co ...	1979	399339
do leprosy patients in papua new guinea take their dapsone?		1979	399578
use of a common indian herb "mandukaparni" in the treatment of leprosy. a preliminary report.		1979	376942
the role of macrophages in leprosy as studied by protein synthesis of macrophages from resistant and susceptible hosts--a mouse and human study.	3h-leucine uptake by macrophages from swiss white and c57bl mice before and after m. leprae infection was studied. a depression in 3h-leucine uptake after infection was observed only in swiss white mice. 3h-leucine uptake was also studied in blood derived macrophages from normals, and ll and tt patients. a depression was obtained in 3h-leucine uptake after m. leprae infection in macrophages from ll patients.	1979	376943
histopathologic study of clinically normal appearing skin in lepromatous leprosy.	skin biopsies from clinically normal skin of the scalp, axillary and groin regions in 20 lepromatous leprosy patients revealed significant histopathological findings in upto 25 percent of the patients. the positive findings could, perhaps, be enhanced by studying larger skin materials from these body areas. indeed, no skin area appears to be immune from invasion by myco. leprae.	1979	376944
the significance of changes in the nasal mucosa in indeterminate, tuberculoid and borderline leprosy.	a study of nasal biopsies from 137 leprosy patients classified on the basis of clinical, microbiological and skin biopsy as indeterminate, tuberculoid, borderline-tuberculoid and borderline-leproma was undertaken. changes suggestive of leprosy viz., nerve and smooth muscle inflammation with a few acid fast bacilli in a proportion of the biopsies were seen in all groups of patients examined. this suggests, that even in indeterminate and tuberculoid leprosy the disease becomes generalised by the t ...	1979	376945
induction of cell-mediated immunity to mycobacterium leprae in guinea pigs.	guinea pigs immunized with intact or disrupted armadillo-grown human mycobacterium leprae administered in aqueous or oil vehicles were tested with various dilutions of m. leprae suspended in saline, water-soluble m. leprae extract, purified protein derivative, and a water-soluble extract of normal armadillo tissue. the results demonstrated the following. (i) under no conditions was any skin test reactivity found to normal armadillo tissue extract. (ii) positive sensitization to both m. leprae an ...	1979	378838
lymphocyte transformation test in healthy contacts of patients with leprosy. i. influence of exposure to leprosy within a household.	fifty-three household contacts of lepromatous patients, 37 household contacts of tuberculoid patients, and 91 control persons were examined with the lymphocyte transformation test (ltt) for their responses to whole and sonicated antigen preparations from m. leprae, to bcg, m. avium, m. gordonae, and phytohemagglutinin (pha). the study was carried out in the gurage area of ethiopia in 15 households with a leprosy patient and 15 matched control households. household contacts of lepromatous patient ...	1979	378871
lymphocyte transformation test in healthy contacts of patients with leprosy. ii. influence of consanguinity with the patient, sex, and age.	the study was carried out in the gurage area of ethiopia, where 53 household contacts of lepromatous patients, 37 household contacts of tuberculoid patients, and 91 control persons were examined with the lymphocyte transformation test (ltt) for their responses to whole and sonicated antigen preparation from m. leprae to bcg, m. avium, m. gordonae and phytohemagglutinin. the potential influence of host factors, namely the state of consanguinity with the leprosy patient, sex and age on the ltt res ...	1979	378872
committee 2: workshop on the microbiology of leprosy.		1979	378875
committee 4: workshop on experimental chemotherapy of leprosy.		1979	378876
research in leprosy. a report of a committee set up by the medical research council to study future prospects.	recommendations for future research in leprosy include (i) cultivation of m. leprae in vitro; (ii) genetic control of susceptibility, including twin studies and hla typing; (iii) precise antigenic analysis of m. leprae; (iv) mechanisms involved in the macrophage response to mycobacterial infections; (v) more use of experimental models such as normal mice infected with m. lepraemurium; (vi) reassessment of the protection afforded by bcg; (vii) assessment of protection afforded by killed (armadill ...	1979	380853
in vitro studies on biopsies from leprosy cases.		1979	381188
comparative biochemistry and drug design for infectious disease.	in the past two decades, biochemistry and molecular biology have demonstrated the existence of potentially exploitable biochemical differences between etiologic agents of disease and their hosts. known differences between organism and host with respect to metabolism and polymer structure point to the detailed characterization of key proteins as the focus for the development of potential inhibitors. in the last decade, the methodology of the isolation, characterization, and inactivation of protei ...	1979	382357
comparative ultrastructure of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepraemurium cell envelopes.	the structural properties of the cell envelopes of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepraemurium were investigated by freeze-fracture, freeze-etching, and negative-staining techniques. freeze-fracture split the cell wall and exposed the internal features of the peptidoglycolipid mycosidic filamentous network. the cell membrane was also split into two asymmetric faces. the external fracture face was characterized by linear arrays of intramembranous particles, whereas the protoplasmic fractu ...	1979	374395
the genetic hypothesis for susceptibility to lepromatous leprosy.	evidence for genetic influence of the host response to infection with mycobacterium leprae is reviewed. a complex segregation analysis is performed on data for 91 families from mactan, philippines, in each of which at least one offspring developed lepromatous leprosy. the data are not found to be inconsistent with an autosomal recessive hypothesis for susceptibility to lepromatous leprosy. heritability estimates in the range of 80% were calculated for sib-sib pairs under the multifactorial hypot ...	1979	511131
the carbol fuchsin staining of mycobacteria in leprosy institutes of southeast asia and japan, especially the effect of "basic fuchsin" used in the carbol fuchsin formula.		1980	6170625
intermittent chemotherapy of experimental leprosy in mice.	in this study we assess the degree of prolonged bacteriostasis of mycobacterium leprae after temporary exposure to ehtionamide or thiacetazone, and relate this to their efficacy when administered intermittently to mice with experimental leprosy infections. the results show that temporary exposure of m. leprae to either of these drugs results in a prolonged bacteriostatic effect, but that efficacy is rapidly lost as the interval between doses is increased. using the mouse foot pad system, growth ...	1980	6153254
soluble blue as a counterstain in the ziehl-neelsen procedure--a brief communication.	a technique is described using soluble blue instead of the conventional methylene blue as a counterstain for the ziehl-neelsen procedure. this increases the intensity of blue staining of non-bacterial contaminants and is useful in monitoring the progress of purification of m. leprae from host tissue.	1980	6154018
variation of in vitro lymphocyte responses to m. leprae antigen in borderline tuberculoid leprosy patients.		1980	6154019
fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test for detecting subclinical infection with mycobacterium leprae.		1980	6156918
immunological aspects of leprosy: ten years' activity at the armauer hansen research institute and prospects for further work.		1980	6156919
microscopic counts carried out on mycobacterium leprae and m. tuberculosis suspensions. a comparison of three staining procedures.	standard smears of heat-killed mycobacterium leprae and m. tuberculosis h37rv were counted microscopically following staining by the ziehl-neelsen, auramine, and silver-methenamine methods. the numbers of stained bacillary bodies were consistently higher in the silver-methenamine stained smears compared to the ziehl-neelsen and auramine stained smears. the auramine smears were examined under ultraviolet illumination and permitted the enumeration of the brightly fluorescent bacilli against a blac ...	1980	6162812
[acid-alcohol resistance of m. leprae; importance of the staining technic in the microbiological diagnosis of leprosy].		1980	6167135
[variants of the del río hortega ammoniacal silver carbonate metallic impregnation technic with special application to i: melanin and amastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi; ii: basal membranes; iii: fungi and hansen's bacilli].		1980	6184756
effect of mycobacterium leprae on lymphocyte proliferation: suppression of mitogen and antigen responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	evidence is presented that mycobacterium leprae suppresses the in vitro proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) to antigen and mitogen. lymphoproliferation induced by ppd or alloantigen stimulation was inhibited by concentrations of m. leprae which were not cytotoxic for lymphoblasts. in contrast, the inhibition of mitogen-stimulated pbm was seen only at higher concentrations of m. leprae which proved to be cytotoxic for lymphoblasts. the inhibitory effect was fo ...	1980	6449337
natural suppressor cells in human leprosy: the role of hla-d-identical peripheral lymphocytes and macrophages in the in vitro modulation of lymphoproliferative responses.	six families with hla-d-identical siblings suffering from leprosy were studied. lymphocytes and macrophages isolated from the peripheral blood were co-cultured with allogeneic, hla-d-identical cells and stimulated with m. leprae antigens and concanavalin a. tuberculoid patients had circulating lymphocytes which showed marked functional suppression of lymphoproliferative responses to antigen and mitogen. in contrast, lepromatous patients showed weak lymphocyte suppressor activity. macrophages der ...	1980	6451335
case for diagnosis.		1980	6772986
production of a suppressor factor by human adherent cells treated with mycobacteria.	human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (mn) proliferation and lymphokine production induced by mitogen could be inhibited by heat killed whole mycobacteria. the inhibition was induced by a wide variety of mycobacteri but not by other gram-positive or gram-negative organisms or by latex particles. proliferation and lymphokine production by adherent cell-depleted lymphocytes was not inhibited by these organisms. adherent cells treated with mycobacteria had the ability to inhibit lymphocyte blasto ...	1980	6774019
inhibition of the incorporation of [3h]dopa in mycobacterium leprae by desoxyfructo-serotonin.		1980	6775637
an assay for antibodies in leprosy sera reacting with ribonucleoprotein (rnp), a mycobacterial ribosomal antigen, using crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel.	the technique of crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel has been adapted to provide a quantitative assay for antibodies to a mycobacterial ribosomal antigen termed ribonucleoprotein (rnp) antigen. this antigen is no. 1 in the m. smegmatis reference system and corresponds to antigen no. 5 of m. leprae. the assay method measures changes in the rate of migration of the reference precipitin peak caused by the addition of serum in the intermediate gel and utilizes a lepromatous serum poo ...	1980	6777312
antibodies to mycobacteria in human tuberculosis. ii. response to nine defined mycobacterial antigens with evidence for an antibody common to tuberculosis and lepromatous leprosy.	antibodies to mycobacterial antigens were found in the sera of 33 of 52 patients with active tuberculosis by microimmunodiffusion tests. the highest titered sera were examined by a technique in which sera are placed in an intermediate gel between a reference goat antiserum field and a gel containing the antigens separated by one-dimensional electrophoresis. special patterns caused by the presence of patient's serum during the two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that nine distinct antibodies c ...	1980	6780633
a possible method for improving the efficacy of dapsone.	the antileprosy drug dapsone is unable to penetrate intact mycobacterium leprae in vitro, as determined by its effect on o-diphenoloxidase in the bacilli. when combined with the peptide polylysine, the sulfone drug passes through the bacterial cell membranes, and penetrates the enzyme protein, resulting in a 100% inhibition of its activity.	1980	6781921
antigenic evaluation of mycobacterium vaccae in relation to mycobacterium leprae.	immunodiffusion analysis of mycobacterium vaccae indicated the presence of at least nine antigens. using the technique of fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis, at least 13 such antigens were detected. comparative analysis of the m. vaccae antigen-antibody system with similar systems established for other mycobacterial species showed that m. vaccae shared a significant number of antigens with both typical and atypical mycobacteria. these included the already described beta and delta antigens that a ...	1980	6782031
cultivation of m. leprae in cell-free, semi-synthetic media.	attempts to cultivate m. leprae in cell-free, semi-synthetic media of various forms with lowered oxidation-reduction potential after due consideration of the biological significance of the acid-fastness of mycobacteria, resulted in the growth of this organism to the extent of visible to the naked eye. studies on the nutritional requirements at 30 degrees c, suggesting to have quite similar enzyme system as other bacterial species, if not quantitatively, but at least qualitatively. successful cul ...	1980	6782814
[a model for growing mycobacteria from leprous tissues placed in aliphatic hydrocarbons, tetradecane, a preliminary report].	strains of mycobacteria were regularly cultured from human and armadillo lepromata in liquid media, supplemented with tetradecane and dimethylsulfoxide. these substances had to be emulsified with heavy inoculum in order to obtain positive subcultures in the tetradecane-dmso media. the use of nonpurified suspension of host-grown cells was advantageous for the primary cultivation. subcultures were grown in the inorganic salt-tetradecane-dimethyl-sulfoxide liquid media. strains did not grown on löw ...	1980	6782815
failure to detect o-diphenoloxidase in cultivable mycobacteria obtained from feral armadillos.		1980	6783793
mechanism of action of the folate blocker diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone, dds) studied in e. coli cell-free enzyme extracts in comparison to sulfonamides (sa).	the antibacterial activity of dds has been studied in whole cell (e. coli), cell-free folate synthesizing enzyme extracts and compared to effects obtained for sulfonamides (sa). it is shown that dds acts as a synthetase inhibitor in the folate synthesizing enzyme system. dds reacts with the substrate 7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterinopyrophosphate to form a 7,8-dihydropteroic acid analog. bacterial growth kinetic studies were performed to test for possible synergistic activity of the analog in c ...	1980	6988345
segmental necrotizing granulomatous neuritis of leprosy.	in leprosy, the occurrence of necrotizing nodular lesions in peripheral nerves is a relatively uncommon complication. despite clinical and gross similarities, there are microscopical differences among groups of such cases, indicating that in all probability different pathogenetic mechanisms are operative. furthermore, the vast majority of such cases are not true abscesses but are characterized by caseous necrosis and granulomatous inflammation. the traditional collective name "nerve abscess" is ...	1980	6988346
vaccination in leprosy--observations and interpretations.		1980	6988347
mechansism of action of dds.		1980	6988348
at twenty years after shepard's method of inoculation of m. leprae in the foot pads of mice.		1980	6988350
naturally occurring leprosy-like disease of wild armadillos: ultrastructure of lepromatous lesions.		1980	6988587
in vitro synthesis of anti-mycobacterial antibodies in biopsies from skin lesions of leprosy patients.	to demonstrate local synthesis of anti-mycobacterium leprae antibodies, biopsies from skin lesions of leprosy patients were cultured in vitro in a medium containing 14c-labeled lysine and isoleucine, and the culture fluids were analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel and autoradiography. the results show that anti-m. leprae antibodies were synthesized in vitro in the biopsies from the skin lesions of leprosy patients and that the specificity of the locally produced antibo ...	1980	6991410
new dimensions in our understanding of the transmission of leprosy and their impact on priorities in leprosy control.		1980	6991810
borderline tuberculoid leprosy with a 'lepromatous' nodule of the nasal mucosa: a case report.		1980	6991811
thyroxine and leprosy.		1980	6991812
study of evolution of nerve damage in leprosy. part iii--sciatic nerve lesions in mice inoculated with m. leprae with nerve conduction velocity correlates.	non-immunosuppressed swiss mice inoculated with 5000 m. leprae in each hind foot pad were subjected to nerve conduction velocity studies followed by light and electron microscopy and fibre tease of both sciatic nerves at sequential time intervals from the 4th to the 24th month. the conduction velocity was standardized for basal temperature of 35 degrees c and uninoculated mice were used as controls. progressive changes were noted in conduction velocity from the 6th post inoculation month and cor ...	1980	6991814
study of evolution of nerve damage in leprosy. part iv--an assessment.		1980	6991815
intermittent rifampicin therapy in lepromatous leprosy.	a double blind trial involving intermittent administration of rifampicin in addition to daily dds has been undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy as also the potential dangers of such a regimen. twenty untreated ll cases who were otherwise healthy were included in the study. ten cases received weekly 900 mg rifampicin for 6 weeks in addition to 100 mg daily dds, while the rest were treated likewise but were given similar looking placebo capsules instead of rfp. a nine month follow-up, as a ...	1980	6991816
[treatment of lepromatous hansen disease with a rifampicine-isoprodian association (author's transl)].	thirty lepromatous patients were treated during 3 months. if clinical condition was notably improved, the bacillary index and the morphologic index remained almost un-changed and the histo-pathological features, advanced concurrently to the clinic aspects.	1980	6991851
ultrastructure of cells of the mononuclear-phagocyte series (mps) across the leprosy spectrum.	a systematic ultrastructural study of cells of the mps across the spectrum of leprosy has been carried out. graded changes in macrophage ultrastructure from the lepromatous to the tuberculoid poles have been shown. mycobacteria-filled macrophages in lepromatous leprosy are characterised by long cell processes, whereas in borderline tuberculoid leprosy these cells have a rounded appearance and are mainly characterised by numerous intracellular vacuoles. in borderline leprosy, macrophages have an ...	1980	6993638
myelination around multiple axons in the peripheral nerve. an unusual ultrastructural observation.	electron micrographs have been presented, demonstrating myelin ation around multiple axons. this is an exception from the normal 1:1 relationship of axon to schwann cell in a myelinated peripheral nerve fibre.	1980	6994423
[security measures recommended for the preparation of lepromine: who memorandum].		1980	6994912
activation of the alternative pathway of complement by mycobacteria and cord factor.	the ability of a number of mycobacteria and some of their components to activate complement was examined. mycobacterium bovis bcg (glaxo strain), mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium lepraemurium, and cord factor activated the alternative pathway of complement in normal human serum and normal and c4-deficient guinea pig sera and generated biologically active products. bcg (pasteur strain) and muramyl dipeptide did not activate complement. the relevance of activation of complement by mycobacteria ...	1980	6995341
striated muscle in four categories of leprosy. ii. fine structural changes.	fine structural changes are described in 21 muscle biopsy specimens from patients with early and established tuberculoid or treated and untreated lepromatous leprosy. the predominant light microscopic finding on paraffin sections of atrophy of the muscle fiber was confirmed in semithin araldite sections, which also revealed considerable degenerative changes in a few or more fibers. these were more clearly seen in ultrathin sections, especially in the lepromatous muscle specimens. the degeneratio ...	1980	6995357
biochemical alteration in cells following phagocytosis of m. leprae--the consequence--a basic concept.	when macrophages from lepromatous leprosy patients are exposed to m. leprae, the macrophages show reduced protein synthesis. such a phenomenon is not seen with macrophages from tuberculoid patients or normal individuals. m. leprae phagocytized by schwann cells affect the incorporation of dna precursor in the cells, leading to failure of schwann cell association with axons in in vitro cultures. these 2 observations form a basis of proposing that basic biochemical events take place when m. leprae ...	1980	6995358
organized nerve culture. i. a technique to study the effect of m. leprae infection.	neonatal dorsal root ganglia were cultivated in vitro by the technique of murray. within a week bundles of organized nerve fibers containing proliferating schwann cells in different phases of axon association and fibroblast cells destined to become peri- or endoneural cells were obtained, peri- or endoneural cells were obtained. many of these nerve fibers were myelinated within 3-4 weeks. such 1 or 2 week old cultures were inoculated with m. leprae, and bacilli were found in the cytoplasm of sch ...	1980	6995359
organized nerve culture. ii. dna synthesis in schwann cells in the presence of m. leprae.	schwann cells that contain m. leprae fail to incorporate dna precursor, indicating blockage of dna synthesis. such a block could lead to no proliferation of schwann cells, an essential requirement for successful association with axons and consequent myelination.	1980	6995360
significance of immune reactions in leprosy.		1980	6995566
immunology of leprosy.		1980	6996917
delineation of a human t cell subset responsible for lepromin-induced suppression in leprosy patients.		1980	6997379
immune response to mycobacterium leprae: further studies on the assessment of humoral immune response in mice.	immuncyte proliferation in the spleens of mice given both a primary and a second infection sixty days later, was detected soon after the second challenge was administered. plaque-forming cell assay for both the direct and developed plaques indicated that all cells producing antibody of both immunoglobulin classes were present in the animals when they were administered the second challenge. hemagglutinating antibody determinations indicated that igg antibodies are recognizable at a time when the ...	1980	6999803
effect of purification steps on the immunogenicity of mycobacterium leprae.	in studies aimed at the development of an antileprosy vaccine for use in man, mycobacterium leprae suspensions were prepared from livers of experimentally infected armadillos. the 2 methods of purification in chief use, carried out after irradiation of the tissue with 2.5 megarads of gamma irradiation from 60co, involved treatment with 0.1n naoh for 2 h at room temperature, trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion for 24h at 37 degrees, and separation in a 2-phase liquid polymer (dextran:polyethylene ...	1980	7000133
searches among mycobacterial cultures for antileprosy vaccines.	all mycobacteria species share some antigens, so there may be cultivable mycobacterial cultures that can provide vaccine protection against leprosy. vaccine protection against mycobacterium leprae infections in mice has been demonstrated for m. leprae itself, as living or heat-killed suspensions, and for mycobacterium bovis (bcg), as living suspensions. results are reported here with 17 other cultures. the mycobacterial suspensions were injected intradermally, and the mice were challenged in the ...	1980	7000701
the suppressive effect of m. leprae on the in vitro proliferative responses of lymphocytes from patients with leprosy.	peripheral blood lymphocytes from sixty leprosy patients and eight healthy contacts known to be responsive to m. leprae, were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin a (con a) or ppd alone or in combination with autoclaved, whole m. leprae. time kinetics and the percentage of inhibition induced by m. leprae differed in the two disease groups and contacts. antigen-generated suppression of con a-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was observed on day 4 in seventeen of twenty-one (80%) tuberculoid p ...	1980	7002396
viability of mycobacterium leprae after multiplication in mice.	to measure the rate at which mycobacterium leprae are killed in the course of the mouse footpad infection after the maximum of multiplication has been achieved, m. leprae were harvested shortly before and at intervals after multiplication had reached the level of 10(6) organisms per footpad, serially diluted, and inoculated into the footpads of passage mice. beginning 1 year later, foot-by-foot harvests of m. leprae were performed from passage mice, and the proportion of viable organisms in the ...	1980	7002795
comparative studies of antigen 21 in mycobacterium and nocardia species: possible taxonomic relationships with mycobacterium leprae.	studies of mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium tuberculosis and nocardia caviae in comparison with each other and with other mycobacterium and nocardia species were performed on the basis of antigen 21 intramolecular heterogeneity. three different antisera were used: rabbit anti-mycobacterium smegmatis antiserum, rabbit anti-nocardia asteroides antiserum, and a lepromatous serum pool. with reference to each of the three antiserum sources used the strains were ranked in an order of relatedness or ...	1980	7002798
detection of antigen in nocardia caviae cross-reacting with mycobacterial antigen no. 21 in m. leprae using a lepromatous leprosy serum pool as antibody reagent.	eighteen strains of nocardia, representing five different species, were studied in crossed immunoelectrophoresis against a lepromatous leprosy serum pool for the presence of antigen no. 21. this mycobacterial antigen shows antigenic heterogeneity with species specific antigenic determinants defined in mycobacterium leprae. all four strains of n. caviae were found to share antigen no. 21 determinants with mucobacteria. all other strains of nocardia were negative in these direct immunoprecipitatio ...	1980	7002810
combined rifampin and dapsone chemotherapy of mycobacterium leprae infection of the neonatally thymectomized lewis rat.	neonatally thymectomized lewis rats (ntlr) were shown to be highly susceptible to infection with mycobacterium leprae. we have used them in chemotherapeutic studies as models of human lepromatous leprosy. ntlr chronically infected with m. leprae were treated with various regimens combining a background of the minimal effective dose (med) of dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, dds) or 100 times this dose in the diet with one to ten doses of rifampin (rmp) of 10 mg/kg. to test for persisting via ...	1980	7002811
the transmission of leprosy in man.	existing clinical, scientific, and epidemiological knowledge on the mode of transmission of human leprosy is reviewed under the following headings: a. the release of viable organisms from the host into the environment. b. the presence of viable organisms so released into the environment. c. entry into the new human host and distribution within the body. d. production of clinical illness. it is concluded that much of the published evidence deals with one, or rather few, parameters, whose relation ...	1980	7002813
effect of purification procedures on the viability of mycobacterium leprae.		1980	7002817
[control of leprosy: fantasies and possibilities].		1980	7004552
conversion of reactions to leprolin and lepromin in patients with lepromatous leprosy by the transfer factor.	conversion of leprolin and early lepromin reactions was achieved by two injections of transfer factor made of lymphocytes from lepromin-positive tuberculoid leprosy patients. however, the late reaction to lepromin remained unchanged. the importance of the degree of sensitivity of the cell donor was demonstrated, and a booster dose was also found to be useful. the feasibility of using transfer factor in treatment of lepromatous leprosy is briefly discussed.	1980	7004800
macrophage culture from untreated leprosy cases.	macrophage cultures from the peripheral blood were performed in 25 untreated bacteraemic leprosy patients. the monocytes on conversion to macrophages in culture continued to harbour solidly stained m. leprae till the termination of culture. it is suggested that the majority of these bacilli are viable and capable of multiplication intracellularly in macrophages if cultures could be maintained for sufficiently long periods. it was observed that bacteraemia in leprosy can be detected by the cultur ...	1980	7005539
life cycle of mycobacterium leprae.		1980	7005541
secondary sulphone resistance in leprosy (report of a case).	a case of secondary sulphone resistant lepromatous leprosy proved by mouse foot-pad tests is reported from pondicherry, india.	1980	7005542
antibodies against mycobacterium leprae antigen 7 from birth to 18 months of age: an indicator of intra-uterine infection in leprosy.	all babies of three non-leprosy mothers and ten tuberculoid leprosy mothers and four of five babies of mothers with inactive lepromatous leprosy showed a decline in serum concentration of antibodies against m. leprae antigen 7 during the first 4 months of life, as expected from catabolism of maternal igg. by contrast, ten of twenty babies of mothers with active lepromatous leprosy showed a decline in concentration of anti-m. leprae 7 antibodies considerably less than expected. this indicates tha ...	1980	7006873
cultivable precursors of mycobacterium leprae.	during attempts at test tube culture of m. leprae in our laboratory we have repeatedly isolated a non-acid fast, coccoid organism from lepromatous tissue and skin smears (chatterjee, 1976). these organisms show a tendency to generate acid fast mycobacteria in test tube passages and in mice experimentally infected with these organisms, and a number of stable, pigmented mycobacterial cultures have been obtained from them that are being maintained in test tube media. in the first report cited above ...	1980	7007724
choice of skin slit smears for study of bacterial and morphological indices.	skin slit smears of 46 patients of lepromatous leprosy (16 untreated, 30 long treated) were studied from ear lobules, fingers, elbows and knees. in untreated patients ear lobules gave highest bi, as compared to other sites. mi from ear lobules was higher than elbows and knees but slightly lower than that from fingers. in treated patients sites other than ear lobules yielded solid staining bacilli more frequently. multiple sites and especially peripheral sites are recommended for study of skin sl ...	1980	7007725
third annual report of the undp/world bank/who special programme for research and training in tropical diseases.		1980	7007726
demonstration of antibodies against mycobacterium leprae both in immunoglobulin g and m in sera from pregnant and non-pregnant lepromatous leprosy patients.		1980	7007768
hla-linked control of susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy and association with hla-dr types.	in an attempt to confirm an hla-linked effect on the course of mycobacterium leprae infection observed in families from surinam (south america), we conducted a similar family study in an endemic area in india. we observed a significant (p less than .05) excess of identical hla-glo haplotypes only from healthy parents among siblings affected with tuberculoid leprosy. compared with healthy controls, unrelated patients with tuberculoid leprosy (n = 15) showed a significant heterogeneity at the hla- ...	1980	7008255