Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identity of hemolysins produced by bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus. | a hemolysin (bt-hemolysin) produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 producing crystalline toxin(s) was purified by successive treatments of ammonium sulfate (45-65%) and column chromatography using deae-cellulose, sephadex g-75 and kb-002 (a hydroxyapatite column for fast protein liquid chromatography). a hemolysin (bc-hemolysin) produced by b. cereus hg-6a was also purified by the same procedure. the purified bt-hemolysin and bc-hemolysin, both of which are thiol-activated hemolysi ... | 1991 | 1905656 |
| functional domains of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. refinement of heliothis virescens and trichoplusia ni specificity domains on cryia(c). | insecticidal crystal proteins (delta-endotoxins), cryia(a) and cryia(c), from bacillus thuringiensis are 82% homologous. despite this homology, cryia(c) was determined to have 10-fold more insecticidal activity toward heliothis virescens and trichoplusia ni than cryia(a). reciprocal recombinations between these two genes were performed by the homolog-scanning technique. the resultant mutants had different segments of their primary sequences exchanged. bioassays with toxin proteins from these mut ... | 1991 | 1917934 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis proteins to a laboratory-selected line of heliothis virescens. | a laboratory-selected colony of heliothis virescens displaying a 20- to 70-fold level of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis proteins was evaluated to identify mechanism(s) of resistance. brush-border membrane vesicles were isolated from larval midgut epithelium from the susceptible and resistant strains of h. virescens. two b. thuringiensis proteins, cryia(b) and cryia(c), were iodinated and shown to specifically bind to brush-border membrane vesicles of both insect strains. multiple changes i ... | 1991 | 1924353 |
| cloning and characterization of two plasmids from bacillus thuringiensis in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israliensis plasmids ptx14-1 and ptx14-3 were cloned and analyzed by southern blot hybridization for their replication mechanism in bacillus subtilis. the cloning of ptx14-1 into the replicon deficient vector pboe335 showed the usual characteristics of single-stranded dna plasmids, i.e., it generated circular single-stranded dna and high molecular weight (hmw) multimers. the other plasmid, ptx14-3, behaved differently; it generated neither single-stranded dna no ... | 1991 | 1924556 |
| a structured model for vegetative growth and sporulation in bacillus thuringiensis. | a mathematical model has been developed for the delta-endotoxin producing bacillus thuringiensis. the structure of the model involves the processes taking place during vegetative growth, those leading to the initiation of sporulation under conditions of carbon and/or nitrogen limitation, and the sporulation events. the key features in the model are the pools of compounds, such as prpp, imp, adp/atp, gdp/gtp, pyrimidine nucleotides, nad/nadh2, amino acids, nucleic acids, cell wall, and vegetative ... | 1991 | 1929383 |
| fermentation of a malaysian bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 isolate, a mosquito microbial control agent utilizing local wastes. | a screening program searching for indigenous microbial control agents of mosquitos in malaysia is initiated since 1987 and to date at least 20 isolates of mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis serotypes have been obtained. preliminary field evaluation of several isolates indicated that they are highly effective in the control of medically important mosquito species. for operational purposes, there is an urgent need to produce this agent utilizing cheap and locally available wastes through ferment ... | 1991 | 1948250 |
| bacillus thuringiensis and pest control. | 1991 | 1953905 | |
| formulation of a flowable liquid concentrate of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 spores and crystals as mosquito larvicide. | bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 spores and crystals, produced in 51 fermenters, were centrifuged and resuspended in emulsified palm olein to give 3.2 x 10(11) colony forming units (cfu)/ml. the suspension was mixed with a cassava-molasses-palm olein-charcoal (cmpc-2) mixture which served as the carrier, adhesive, dispersant and protectant. the final concentration of the formulation was 3.2 x 10(9) cfu/ml. the lethal concentrations capable of killing 50% of the test population (lc50) of cmpc ... | 1991 | 1955414 |
| design and use of synthetic oligonucleotide probes in the cloning of delta-endotoxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis. | a detailed protocol is described for the design and use of synthetic oligonucleotide probes for screening dna libraries from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (strain hd191) for copies of the gene (tox) encoding the insecticidal delta-endotoxin. two homologous tox genes were identified in this organism; one of these was located on a 75-kb plasmid and the other on a second large plasmid or the bacterial chromosome. a tox gene was isolated as a 6.5-kb hindiii fragment of b. thuringiensis plasmi ... | 1991 | 1369333 |
| genetic manipulation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein genes in bacteria. | 1991 | 1367416 | |
| efficient transformation of bacillus thuringiensis requires nonmethylated plasmid dna. | the transformation efficiency of bacillus thuringiensis depends upon the source of plasmid dna. dna isolated from b. thuringiensis, bacillus megaterium, or a dam- dcm- escherichia coli strain efficiently transformed several b. thuringiensis strains, b. thuringiensis strains were grouped according to which b. thuringiensis backgrounds were suitable sources of dna for transformation of other b. thuringiensis strains, suggesting that b. thuringiensis strains differ in dna modification and restricti ... | 1991 | 1991728 |
| chemical modification of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis (hd-524) trypsin-activated endotoxin: implication of tyrosine residues in lepidopteran cell lysis. | a purified protein fraction from a solubilized and trypsin-digested extract of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis (hd-524) fermentation powder was lytic to cells from several lepidopteran lines. maximum yield was obtained by alkaline carbonate-thiocyanate solubilization of washed powder followed by trypsin digestion and sephacryl (s-300) chromatography. the alkaline carbonate-solubilized fraction consisted predominantly of two bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electroph ... | 1991 | 2002242 |
| peptide mapping of different bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene products by cnbr cleavage in sds-page gels. | a cyanogen bromide fragmentation reaction of 3 hr in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel slices was used for the degradation of the toxins coded by the three cryia genes from bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki. peptide patterns diagnostic for each toxin gene product were observed. treatment longer than 3 hr led to the weakening and disappearance of protein bands. in 9 out of 16 wild b. thuringiensis strains tested, it was determined that only one of the cryia genes was being expressed; in 6 strains, one to ... | 1991 | 2002246 |
| research on biological pest control moves ahead. | 1991 | 2011760 | |
| in vivo generation of hybrids between two bacillus thuringiensis insect-toxin-encoding genes. | the parasporal crystal of bacillus thuringiensis is composed of polypeptides highly toxic to a number of insect larvae. the structural genes (cryia) encoding the lepidoptera-specific toxin from different bacterial strains diverge primarily in a single hypervariable region, whereas the n-terminal and c-terminal parts of the proteins are highly conserved. in this report, we describe the generation of hybrid genes between two cryia genes. two truncated cryia genes were cloned in a plasmid vector in ... | 1991 | 2013409 |
| modification of the coding sequence enhances plant expression of insect control protein genes. | increased expression of the insect control protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis in plants has been critical to the development of genetically improved plants with agronomically acceptable levels of insect resistance. the expression of the cryia(b) gene was compared to partially modified (3% nucleotide difference) and to fully modified (21% nucleotide difference) cryia(b) and cryia(c) genes in tobacco and tomato. the modified genes increased the frequency of plants that produced the proteins a ... | 1991 | 2014252 |
| insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae: gene cloning and characterization and comparison with b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cryia(c) toxins. | genes encoding insecticidal crystal proteins were cloned from three strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae and two strains of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. characterization of the b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae toxin genes showed that they are most closely related to cryia(c) from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the cloned genes were introduced into bacillus host strains, and the spectra of insecticidal activities of each cry protein were determined for six pest lepidopteran insec ... | 1991 | 2014985 |
| identification of a gene (mob14-3) encoding a mobilization protein from the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis plasmid ptx14-3. | 1991 | 2041752 | |
| microbial larvicides for the control of nuisance aquatic midges (diptera: chironomidae) inhabiting mesocosms and man-made lakes in california. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and b. sphaericus were evaluated for chironomid larvicidal activity in freshwater mesocosms. of two b.t.i. formulations, the technical powder abg-6164 provided excellent control of chironomines (94%) at the rate of 11.2 kg/ha whereas the liquid concentrate, vectobac 6 as, achieved only moderate control (57%) at the rate of 22.4 kg/ha. in contrast, similar rates of b. sphaericus products, abg-6184 technical powder and bsp-2 flowable concentrate, pr ... | 1991 | 2045809 |
| resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticide in a field population of plutella xylostella is due to a change in a midgut membrane receptor. | the biochemical mechanism for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins was studied in a field population of diamondback moths (plutella xylostella) with a reduced susceptibility to the bioinsecticidal spray. the toxicity and binding characteristics of three crystal proteins [cryia(b), cryib, and cryic] were compared between the field population and a laboratory strain. the field population proved resistant (greater than 200-fold compared with the laboratory strain) to cryia(b), one ... | 1991 | 2052591 |
| spiroplasma (mollicutes: spiroplasmataceae) pathogenic for aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | intrathoracic inoculation with the mosquito spiroplasma, spiroplasma taïwanense abalain-colloc et al., was found to reduce significantly the survival of adult male and female aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles stephensi liston. this spiroplasma also reduced significantly the flight capacity of adult female ae. aegypti 5-8 d after inoculation and adult female an. stephensi 4 d after inoculation. adult female an. stephensi were incapable of flight 5 d after inoculation. as such, s. taïwanense joins ... | 1991 | 2056503 |
| transduction of certain genes by an autonomously replicating bacillus thuringiensis phage. | a derivative of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd1 (hd1-9) released transducing phage (tp21) from late exponential cultures. three of seven markers tested were transduced into bacillus cereus, but only two of these (cysc and trpb/f) were transduced at a frequency of more than 100 times the reversion rates. a limited transduction capacity was given further support in that few chromosomal markers were carried in the hd1-9 lysate, as demonstrated by southern hybridization. restriction fragm ... | 1991 | 2059027 |
| characterization of mosquitocidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. fukuokaensis crystal proteins. | the mosquitocidal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. fukuokaensis were isolated and bioassayed against fourth-instar larvae of two mosquito species. the 50% lethal concentration values of the crystals to aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus were 4.1 and 2.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. in addition, the solubilized crystals had hemolytic activity; 50 micrograms/ml was the lowest detectable level. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the cryst ... | 1991 | 2059032 |
| the solubility of inclusion proteins from bacillus thuringiensis is dependent upon protoxin composition and is a factor in toxicity to insects. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai hd133 is one of several strains particularly effective against plodia interpunctella selected for resistance to b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd1 (dipel). b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai hd133 produces inclusions containing three protoxins, cryia(b), cryic, and cryid, and the cryic protoxin has been shown to be active on resistant p. interpunctella as well as on spodoptera larvae. the cryia(b) protoxin is very similar to the major one in b. thuringiensis ... | 1991 | 2059054 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel insecticidal crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai eg6346, a novel grain dust isolate, was analyzed by southern blot hybridization for its insecticidal crystal protein (icp) gene profile. strain eg6346 lacks previously characterized cryia icp genes yet does possess novel cryi-related gene sequences. a recombinant genomic plasmid library was constructed for strain eg6346 in escherichia coli. one recombinant plasmid, peg640, isolated from the library contained a novel icp gene on a 5.7-kb sau3a insert. the seq ... | 1991 | 2061280 |
| photoprotection of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki from ultraviolet irradiation. | irradiation of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd1 at 300-350 nm for up to 12 hr using a photochemical reactor results in a rapid loss of its toxicity to larvae of heliothis armigera. photoprotection of the toxic component was obtained by adsorption of cationic chromophores such as acriflavin (af), methyl green, and rhodamine b to b. thuringiensis. af gave the best photoprotection and a level of 0.42 mmol/g dye absorbed per gram of b. thuringiensis was highly toxic even after 12 hr of ultra ... | 1991 | 2066575 |
| [the effect of exposure and feed on the results of the testing of bacterial insecticides on mosquito larvae]. | it has been established that the duration of exposition and the availability of larval feed have a reliable effect on the index of insecticide activity (lc-50) of bacterial preparations as regards mosquito larvae. high degree of correlation between the results obtained in different conditions makes it possible to calculate the lc-50 values for any combination of exposition and feed availability, if an index for one of the combinations is known (the formula is presented). the proposed variant of ... | 1991 | 2067465 |
| the phylloplane as a source of bacillus thuringiensis variants. | novel variants of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from the phylloplane of deciduous and conifer trees as well as of other plants. these isolates displayed a range of toxicity towards trichoplusia ni. immunoblot and toxin protein analysis indicate that these strains included representatives of the three principal b. thuringiensis pathotypes active against larvae of the orders lepidoptera, diptera, and coleoptera. we propose that b. thuringiensis be considered part of the common leaf microflo ... | 1991 | 16348400 |
| specificity of activated cryia proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 for defoliating forest lepidoptera. | the insecticidal activity of the cryia(a), cryia(b), and cryia(c) toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 was determined in force-feeding experiments with larvae of choristoneura fumiferana, c. occidentalis, c. pinus, lymantria dispar, orgyia leucostigma, malacosoma disstria, and actebia fennica. the toxins were obtained from cloned protoxin genes expressed in escherichia coli. the protoxins were activated with gut juice from bombyx mori larvae. biological activity of the individ ... | 1991 | 16348504 |
| erratum. | in the second paragraph of the letter ;;bacillus thuringiensis and pest control'' by marvin k. harris (6 sept., p. 1075), the name of the polyphagus insect pest helicoverpa zea was incorrectly spelled. | 1991 | 17831420 |
| tubular bioreactors: case study of bioreactor performance for industrial production and scientific research. | application of bioreactors is dominated by industrial production with the consequence that bioreactors also for scientific purposes are mainly used following an empiric pragmatic approach. for the sake of a breakthrough in biotechnology in general, and especially for advanced process development, a more systematic approach is emphasized here. this methodology in bioreactor performance studies is explained and the meaning clarified in a case study of a new type of tubular bioreactor. the central ... | 1991 | 18597337 |
| spreading of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis over the water surface by a monolayer carrier. | the self-spreading properties of monolayers, acting as carriers for bacillus thuringlensis var. israelensis, were examined in the laboratory. drops of mixtures of 0.5 to 5% b. thuringlensis in a liquid monolayer were placed at one end of a narrow static water course, 2 m long. in less than 2 min, a single layer of molecules spread over the water surface and deposited enough b. thuringiensis over the whole 2 m to kill test mosquito larvae in 24 h. the monolayer alone did not kill larvae in 24 h b ... | 1991 | 24425021 |
| studies on bacillus thuringiensis h-14 strains isolated in egypt-v. composition and toxicity of the mosquitocidal parasporal inclusions. | parasporal inclusions of bacillus thuringlensis h-14 strains m1 and s128 were characterized by solubilization, electron microscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and insecticidal activity. inclusions of both strains are composed largely of protein with 8 to 9% carbohydrate. amino acid analysis of the purlfied inclusions revealed that the two strains produce inclusions that are closely related to each other but significantly different from lepidopteran-toxic b. thuringie ... | 1991 | 24424938 |
| studies on bacillus thuringiensis h-14 strains isolated in egypt-iv. characterization of fermentation conditions for δ-endotoxin production. | fermentation media formulated from inexpensive locally available ingredients, namely soya meal, proflo (a partially defatted cooked cottonseed fiour) and molasses, were assessed for growth, sporulation and δ-endotoxin production, by a mosquito-toxic strain of bacillus thuringlensis h-14 locally isolated in egypt, using an 8 i working volume fermenter. the insecticidal activity was assayed against culex piplens. good growth and sporulation were obtained with all the tested medium combinations, bu ... | 1991 | 24424937 |
| plant defenses: chlorogenic acid and polyphenol oxidase enhance toxicity ofbacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki toheliothis zea. | two chemicals implicated in resistance of the tomato plant, chlorogenic acid and polyphenol oxidase, are known to form orthoquinones in damaged plant tissue. orthoquinones have been reported to alkylate -nh2 and -sh groups of proteins and amino acids, altering solubility, digestibility, and, for some pathogenic viruses, infectivity. here we explore effects of quinone alkylation on toxicity of an important microbial insecticide,bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki (btk), to larvalheliothis zea. ... | 1991 | 24258447 |
| insecticidal activity and processing in larval gut juices of genetically engineered 130-kda proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. | the 130-kda insecticidal protein (ip) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai is proteolytically processed in the gut juice of susceptible insect larvae to yield an insecticidally active 60-kda fragment. twenty-seven mutant ip genes with the replacement of codons for arg and lys with codons for gln in the active fragment and its adjacent regions of the 130-kda ip were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed in escherichia coli cells. the produced mutant ips at arg87, arg131, arg1 ... | 1992 | 1368122 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis 20-kda protein on production of the bti 130-kda crystal protein in escherichia coli. | a 20-kda protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) has been shown to be necessary for the efficient expression of the 27-kda mosquitocidal protein gene in escherichia coli. we have investigated the effects of this 20-kda protein on the expression of two 130-kda mosquitocidal protein genes (cryiva, cryivb) in e. coli by supplying the 20-kda protein gene in trans. when a recombinant plasmid, plh4bx, which was constructed to express cryiva under the e. coli lac promoter on puc19, coe ... | 1992 | 1368950 |
| expansion of insecticidal host range of bacillus thuringiensis by in vivo genetic recombination. | we describe a novel approach for the insertion of an insecticidal toxin gene into a resident plasmid in bacillus thuringiensis (bt). a gene encoding a coleopteran-specific toxin was cloned within a fragment of is232 and inserted into a plasmid thermosensitive for replication in bt. the plasmid was used to transform a bt strain toxic to lepidoptera, and the transformants were then selected at non-permissive temperature for clones in which the vector had integrated into a copy of is232 present on ... | 1992 | 1369394 |
| hyperthermic potentiation of bleomycin cytotoxicity in the presence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelenis delta-endotoxin. | we previously reported that a 25-kda bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) delta-endotoxin potentiated the antitumor activity of bleomycin (blm) in both in vitro and in vivo systems. we report here a characteristic hyperthermic synergy toward the cytocidal activity of blm in the presence of bti endotoxin in cultured l1210 cells. cytocidal gain, i.e., the ratio of the ic50 of blm in the absence versus the presence of bti delta-endotoxin, reached ca. 20 at 40 degrees c, suggesting that a ... | 1992 | 1380225 |
| vasopressin stimulation of vanadate-sensitive na+ transport by liver plasma membrane vesicles. evidence for regulation via phospholipase c and protein kinase c activities. | the rate of vanadate-sensitive 22na+ uptake by isolated liver membrane vesicles, reflecting transport by na+/k(+)-atpase, was measured to study the role played by phospholipase c and protein kinase c in the regulation of this process by vasopressin. na+ uptake was enhanced 2-3-fold by 100 nm [arg8]vasopressin and the hormone effect was mimicked by 0.1 microm inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate as well as by 1.0 microm myo-inositol. the stimulation by vasopressin was potentiated by phosphatidylinositol- ... | 1992 | 1390861 |
| a method for the determination of bacterial spore dna content based on isotopic labelling, spore germination and diphenylamine assay; ploidy of spores of several bacillus species. | a reliable method for measuring the spore dna content, based on radioactive dna labelling, spore germination in absence of dna replication and diphenylamine assay, was developed. the accuracy of the method, within 10-15%, is adequate for determining the number of chromosomes per spore, provided that the genome size is known. b subtilis spores were shown to be invariably monogenomic, while those of larger bacilli bacillus megaterium, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, often, if not invar ... | 1992 | 1391052 |
| serotyping of bacillus thuringiensis environmental isolates by extracellular heat-stable somatic antigens. | a total of 525 bacillus thuringiensis environmental isolates, belonging to the five flagellar (h) serovars (alesti, sotto, kenyae, aizawai, and morrisoni), were serotyped by extracellular heat-stable somatic antigens (hssas). the isolates belonging to a given h serovar were assigned to a single hssa serogroup at a high frequency, 87-100%. this indicates that the extent of hssa variation within a single h serovar is small in the field populations of these b. thuringiensis serovars. | 1992 | 1393835 |
| mode of replication, size and distribution of naturally occurring plasmids in bacillus thuringiensis. | cloned replication origin regions, derived from both small (4.9-7.5 mda) and large (43-60 mda) plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki strains hd73 and hd263 were used as hybridization probes in a southern-blot analysis to assess both the size and horizontal distribution of native plasmid replicon groups among different subspecies of b. thuringiensis. in general, resident plasmids hybridizing to the replication origin regions derived from strains hd263 and hd73 were more commonly ... | 1992 | 1398029 |
| amphiphilic forms of butyrylcholinesterase in mucosal cells of rat intestine. | the properties of a cholinesterase from mucosal cells of rat intestine have been characterized. the enzyme was identified as butyrylcholinesterase because it was more sensitive to iso-ompa (ic50 = 1.0 x 10(-6) m) than to bw284c51 (ic50 = 5.5 x 10(-5) m) and was not inhibited by substrate excess. it displayed a higher affinity for acetylthiocholine than for butyrylthiocholine. a major molecular form was observed sedimenting at 5.9 s. two other minor molecular forms were identified as a hydrophili ... | 1992 | 1420201 |
| the study on phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus thuringiensis: synthesis of homogeneous substrates, substrate specificity and other properties. | the properties of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus thuringiensis were studied in detail. the enzyme was extremely thermostable in 0.1% bovine serum albumin and retained 73% of its activity at 100 degrees c for 10 min, while it was labile in the absence of albumin. the enzymatic activity was inhibited by hgcl2 or p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and restored by dithiothreitol. the kinetic parameters (km and vmax) of pi-plc were determined for the mixed micell ... | 1992 | 1423768 |
| isolation and sequence of a 2-kbp miniplasmid from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-3a3b: relationship with miniplasmids of other b. thuringiensis strains. | the miniplasmid profiles of 18 bacillus thuringiensis strains belonging to 8 different serotypes were determined using an alkaline hydrolysis method for isolation of low molecular mass plasmids. nearly all the strains contained covalently closed circular (ccc) dna species ranging from 2 to 5 species per strain and from 1.5 to 10.5 kbp in size (values corresponding to ccc forms). a 2-kbp plasmid from b. thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-3a3b futura strain was used in southern hybridization experimen ... | 1992 | 1426990 |
| [inversion polymorphism in the malaria mosquito anopheles messeae. xi. the group effect of larval infection with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israeliensis bacteria]. | genetic consequences of the group and individual infections of anopheles messeae larvae with bacteria bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) were examined. the group effect of infections was manifested by increase in mortality and the speed-up of selection of chromosomal inversions resistant to bti. connection between the group and individual selections during the process of populations' adaptation is under discussion. | 1992 | 1427060 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of the southern buffalo gnat, cnephia pecuarum (diptera: simuliidae), and the influence of water temperature. | susceptibility of southern buffalo gnat larvae to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) was studied during 1986-88. tests were conducted using vectobac 12as in a mini-gutter aquatic bioassay system. mini-gutter tests using a 4.5 ppm b.t.i. concentration and a 10 min exposure period confirmed a positive correlation between water temperature and b.t.i. effectiveness. significantly lower larval mortality occurred as water temperature decreased below 9 degrees c, indicating that proper ti ... | 1992 | 1431853 |
| fate of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis in the aquatic environment. | bacillus sphaericus spores were suspended in bottles of filtered (0.45 microns) freshwater and seawater under various conditions of temperature, ph and salinity. heat resistant culturable counts (spores) slowly decreased with time. spores suspended in dialysis bags submerged in a freshwater pond or in flowing seawater underwent a more rapid drop in heat resistant spore counts than did spores held in bottles. thus, laboratory studies may overestimate spore longevity in the environment. spore sett ... | 1992 | 1431856 |
| reduction of mortality rates of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis aqueous suspensions due to freezing and thawing. | when studying the behavior (carry, dispersion, persistence) of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) formulations used in the treatment of rivers or streams for black fly control, a large number of samples containing small quantities of b.t.i. are required for proper analysis. freezing is a useful procedure to prevent enzymatic alteration or bacterial growth in samples before bioassays are to be performed. using aedes atropalpus neonate larvae, we studied the effect of freezing and th ... | 1992 | 1431857 |
| an episode of resistance to permethrin in larvae of simulium squamosum (diptera: simuliidae) from cameroon, after 3 1/2 years of control. | because of the biting nuisance from females of simulium squamosum, a 30 km section of the sanaga river (cameroon) was treated since 1987 with permethrin for the control of larval populations. in 1990, resistance to permethrin occurred in a small proportion of the larvae, with a resulting 2-4x increase of the lc95 for dead larvae (moribund larvae considered as live). in 1991, after a 6-month interruption of the treatments, susceptibility to permethrin returned to the initial level, and was simila ... | 1992 | 1431861 |
| [a trial of the possible joint use of mermithids and bacterial preparations for the control of mosquito larvae]. | the action of bacterial insecticides based on bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and b. sphaericus in a dose of 0.005-2 mg/l on the mermithids romanomermis iyengari, r. culicivorax and r. jingdeensis was studied. it was shown that though bacterial agents suppressed mermithid preparasite larvae density about 30-40%, the survivors might invade 100% of mosquito larvae. the viability and fertility of adult mermithids did not change under the influence of bactoculicide in doses 5-50 times higher than those ... | 1992 | 1435554 |
| [the optimization of a method for determining the insecticidal activity of bacterial preparations vis-à-vis mosquito larvae]. | 1992 | 1435585 | |
| evaluation of synergism among bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | a simple test for synergism among toxins is described and applied to previously reported data on independent and joint toxicities of insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. the analysis shows synergism between a 27-kda (cyta) toxin and 130- or 65-kda (cryiv) toxins from b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against aedes aegypti larvae. no positive synergism between 130- and 65-kda toxins or among three cryia toxins tested against seven species of lepidoptera occurred. comparisons with ... | 1992 | 1444368 |
| [influence of carbon sources on the biological activity and morphology of bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystals]. | the influence of the carbon source on biological activity and morphological properties of the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cultivated on three different media has been studied. biological activity of delta-endotoxins contained in crystals was tested according to their impact on insects and microorganisms. variations in carbon sources composition resulted in changes of biological activity and morphology of crystals, caused by alterations in synthesis rate of vario ... | 1992 | 1474939 |
| [comparative electron microscopic study of bacillus thuringiensis cells grown in a chemostat]. | it has been shown that the culture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. gall. 69-6 dissociates into r- and s-variants in chemostat. although under some conditions the sporogenesis and the synthesis of s-variant toxin began two hours earlier than these processes in r-variant cells which were observed, respectively, after 10 or 12 hours from the beginning of the experiment, the intensities of sporogenesis and toxin production as well as the exit of spores and toxin excretion from cells were similar af ... | 1992 | 1474944 |
| characterization of two genes encoding bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins toxic to coleoptera species. | bacillus thuringiensis eg2838 and eg4961 are highly toxic to colorado potato beetle larvae, and only strain eg4961 is toxic to southern corn rootworm larvae. to investigate the cause of the different insecticidal activities of eg2838 and eg4961, cryiii-type genes toxic to coleopterans were cloned from each strain. the cryiiib gene, cloned as part of an 8.0-kb ecori fragment of eg2838 dna, encoded a crystal protein (cryiiib) of 74,237 da. the cryiiib2 gene, cloned as part of an 8.3-kb psti-asp718 ... | 1992 | 1476436 |
| increase in the resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis supernatant effect in a drosophila melanogaster wild type oregon r line. | we report here the genetical and x chromosome rdna molecular study of two drosophila melanogaster oregon r lines. these lines differ extensively in the degree of resistance of the females both to the lethal effect of an increased temperature and to that of bacillus thuringiensis beta-exotoxin, which is an inhibitor of the nucleolar rna polymerase. the 3b line, whose females are resistant, came from an oregon r population subjected over several generations to increased temperature, 28 degrees c o ... | 1992 | 1478886 |
| [molecular cloning and identification of 130kd mosquitocidal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti)]. | the location of 130kd mosquitocidal protein gene of bti 4q5 strain on its 75md plasmid was confirmed by southern hybridization using a 18-base oligonucleotide probe. the crystal protein containing the component of 130kd toxic protein was purified. the crystal protein exhibiting the mosquitocidal activity against larvae of aedes aegypti was shown by bioassay. the purified 75md plasmid dna of bti 4q5 strain was completely digested with hindiii restriction enzyme, ligated with the vector puc18 and ... | 1992 | 1481529 |
| [extracellular alkaline ribonuclease of bacillus thuringiensis var. subtoxicus]. | intraspecific selection of bacillus thuringiensis strains producing extracellular alkaline ribonucleases was carried out. subtoxicus subspecies with increased expression of the enzyme was detected. a method was developed to isolate preparative amounts of homogeneous extracellular rnase of b. thuringiensis var. subtoxicus. the physico-chemical and catalytic properties of the enzyme was studied and compared with extracellular rnases of others bacillus species. the conclusion about the structural a ... | 1992 | 1491677 |
| the occurrence of disporous bacillus thuringiensis cells. | ultrathin sections of sporulating bacillus thuringiensis were examined in a transmission electron microscope. less than 1% of the about 2,000 approximately sagittal sections of the bacterial cells examined contained two endospores per cell. this finding clarifies the majority of textbook and research reports (which tend to be ambiguous), contradicts several of the most recent textbook reports, and confirms three unillustrated textbook reports, in relation to the occurrence of disporous bacilli. ... | 1992 | 1497331 |
| properties of bacillus thuringiensis and its intracellular crystal proteins. | 1992 | 1504588 | |
| novel bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with a silent activity against coleopteran larvae. | a novel bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein with a silent activity against the colorado potato beetle is described. the crystal proteins are produced as bipyramidal crystals. these crystals contain a protein of 129 kda with a trypsin-resistant core fragment of 72 kda. neither a spore-crystal mixture nor in vitro-solubilized crystals are toxic to any of several lepidoptera and coleoptera species tested. in contrast, a trypsin-treated solution containing the 72-kda tryptic core fragment of the ... | 1992 | 1514800 |
| arabidopsis thaliana small subunit leader and transit peptide enhance the expression of bacillus thuringiensis proteins in transgenic plants. | the expression of the modified gene for a truncated form of the cryia(c) gene, encoding the insecticidal portion of the lepidopteran-active cryia(c) protein from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (b.t.k.) hd73, under control of the arabidopsis thaliana ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) small subunit ats1a promoter with and without its associated transit peptide was analyzed in transgenic tobacco plants. examination of leaf tissue revealed that the ats1a promoter with its transit ... | 1992 | 1515613 |
| delivery of an accessory signal for cell activation by exogenous phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | digestion of phosphatidylinositol (pi) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchors of membrane proteins on the external cell surface with exogenous pi-specific phospholipase c (piplc) from bacillus thuringiensis was shown to transmit a signal into the thymocyte to modulate the tcr/cd3 complex-induced signal delivery for cell activation. this was demonstrated for very early protein tyrosine phosphorylation, early c-fos transcription and late dna synthesis. for this effect preincubation of the c ... | 1992 | 1535048 |
| translation enhancing properties of the 5'-leader of potato virus x genomic rna. | the double-stranded dna copy corresponding to the 5'-nontranslated alpha beta-leader of potato virus x (pvx) genomic rna (positions -3 to-85 according to aug initiator) was chemically synthesized and fused to the transcription plasmids containing three different reporter genes: neomycinphosphotransferase type ii (npt ii) gene, bacillus thuringiensis coleopteran-specific toxic protein gene and beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene. expression of the reporter genes in vitro and in plant protoplasts (in th ... | 1992 | 1537401 |
| membrane-bound aminopeptidase p from bovine lung. its purification, properties, and degradation of bradykinin. | the membrane-bound form of aminopeptidase p (aminoacylprolyl-peptide hydrolase) (ec 3.4.11.9) was purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine lung microsomes. the enzyme was solubilized using phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (bacillus thuringiensis), indicating that bovine lung amino-peptidase p is attached to membranes via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. the enzyme was purified 1900-fold with a yield of 25% by chromatography on decyl-agarose, omega-aminodecyl-agarose, a sec ... | 1992 | 1537867 |
| the insecticidal crystal protein cryia(c) from bacillus thuringiensis is highly toxic for heliothis armigera. | 1992 | 1541846 | |
| bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein: effect of chemical modification of the cysteine and lysine residues. | the 16 cysteine residues of reduced protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 can be quantitatively reacted with: (a) iodoacetic acid, to give carboxymethyl protoxin; (b) iodoacetamide, giving carbaminomethyl protoxin and (c) n-(beta-iodoethyl)trifluoroacetamide to give aminoethyl protoxin. the carboxymethyl derivative was found to be significantly more soluble at neutral ph values where both the native protoxin and the carbaminomethyl derivative exhibit low solubilities. at the ... | 1992 | 1541850 |
| nucleotide sequence of gene cryiiid encoding a novel coleopteran-active crystal protein from strain bti109p of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | the nucleotide sequence of a novel insecticidal crystal protein(cry)-encoding gene from a bacillus thuringiensis serotype kurstaki isolate is described. the gene is related to the known coleopteran-active cryiii genes and encodes a cryiiid that is much more active against colorado potato beetle than other cryiii. | 1992 | 1544571 |
| biopesticides and resistance. | 1992 | 1546283 | |
| identification of an insecticidal crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis dsir517 with significant sequence differences from previously described toxins. | the nucleotide (nt) sequence of a dna segment containing the majority of a gene cloned from bacillus thuringiensis dsir517 encoding a 130 kda insecticidal crystal protein has been determined. sequence analysis reveals an open reading frame (orf) of 3453 nt. the atg initiation codon, which is preceded by a potential ribosome-binding site sequence, was confirmed by n-terminal amino acid sequencing. the orf extends beyond the 3' terminus of the cloned fragment; however, the high degree of homology ... | 1992 | 1556556 |
| overproduction, purification and characterization of m.hinfi methyltransferase and its deletion mutant. | we have used the polymerase chain reaction to alter transcriptional and translational signals surrounding the hinfim gene [encoding m.hinfi methyltransferase (mtase)] so as to achieve overexpression in escherichia coli. the pcr-generated hinfim gene was subcloned in a high-expression vector under control of the hybrid trp-lac promoter. in addition, the positive retroregulator stem-loop sequence derived from the crystal protein-encoding gene of bacillus thuringiensis was inserted downstream from ... | 1992 | 1563635 |
| expression of the mosquitocidal toxins of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by recombinant caulobacter crescentus, a vehicle for biological control of aquatic insect larvae. | in the quest for effective control of mosquitoes, attention has turned increasingly to strains of the bacteria bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, which produce potent toxins with specific mosquitocidal activities. however, sedimentation of the bacterial spores limits the duration of effective control after field application of these bacilli. we describe here the cloning of genes encoding the 51.4- and 41.9-kda toxins from b. sphaericus 2297, the 100-kda toxin from ... | 1992 | 1575492 |
| impact of the black fly (diptera: simuliidae) control agent bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on chironomids (diptera: chironomidae) and other nontarget insects: results of ten field trials. | except for moderate mortality among filter-feeding chironomids, rheotanytarsus spp., the results of 10 field trials with bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) indicated a wide margin of safety to the chironomid community and other stream nontarget insects. mayflies, caddisflies and 2 other types of chironomids, i.e., tube-dwelling (chironominae) and surface-dwelling, caseless larvae (mix of chironominae, diamesinae, orthocladiinae, tanypodinae), did not appear to be affected. the susc ... | 1992 | 1583485 |
| isolation of mosquito-toxic bacteria from mosquito-breeding sites in kenya. | a large number of source materials were collected for isolating entomopathogenic bacteria from larval mosquito habitats in kirinyaga district, kenya. mosquito-toxic bacteria were included among the numerous types of microorganisms isolated from the habitats. the pathogenic isolates shared common structural characteristics; they were gram-positive, spore-forming bacilli that produced parasporal inclusions conferring broad-spectrum larvicidal activity against anopheles, culex and aedes mosquitoes. ... | 1992 | 1583497 |
| identification and characterization of a novel bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin entomocidal to coleopteran and lepidopteran larvae. | a new class of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, or insecticidal control proteins (icps), is defined by an apparently cryptic protein with a unique primary structure and novel entomocidal specificity for certain coleopteran and lepidopteran species. the discovery of a new group of icps will extend the use of this natural insecticide in integrated pest-management systems. | 1992 | 1588820 |
| comparative toxicity of the hd-1 and nrd-12 strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki to defoliating forest lepidoptera. | insecticidal activities of sporulated cultures of the hd-1 and nrd-12 strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were compared against four species of defoliating forest lepidopterans in diet-incorporation assays. there was no difference in lc50 between the two strains to larvae of spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana), gypsy moth (lymantria dispar), eastern hemlock looper (lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria), and whitemarked tussock moth (orgyia leucostigma), whether expressed as total ... | 1992 | 1607666 |
| digestion of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores by larvae of aedes aegypti. | the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against mosquitoes and the blackfly is included in parasporal crystalline bodies which are produced during sporulation. following ingestion, the crystals are solubilized in the larval midgut and induce death within a short time; the spores germinate in the dead larvae and complete a growth cycle. the fate of the spores in surviving live larvae was elucidated by using a nonlarvicidal b. thuringiensis var. israelensis mutant. when ... | 1992 | 1607667 |
| a novel bioassay system for evaluating the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against mosquito larvae. | a bioassay system employing acutely toxic concentrations of a spore-crystal mixture of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis against fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti (l.) is described. individual larvae are separately exposed to toxin in glass-lined miniature wells or scintillation vials. this method is free from the deaths due to predation among larvae. such larval deaths are commonly encountered in bioassay groups of 25 larvae as currently specified in the world health organizatio ... | 1992 | 1607671 |
| properties of a 72-kilodalton mosquitocidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni pg-14 expressed in b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki by using the shuttle vector pht3101. | the mosquitocidal properties of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni pg-14 are attributable to protein inclusions grouped together within a parasporal body. in both of these strains, the mosquitocidal activity resides in proteins with molecular masses of 27, 72, 128, and 135 kda. in an attempt to determine the toxicity of each protein, the shuttle vector pht3101 was used to express the cryivd gene (encoding the 72-kda cryivd protein) from b. thuringiens ... | 1992 | 1610175 |
| insecticidal properties of a crystal protein gene product isolated from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae. | a protoxin gene, localized to a high-molecular-weight plasmid from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae, was cloned on a 19-kb bamhi dna fragment into escherichia coli. characterization of the gene revealed it to be a member of the cryie toxin subclass which has been reported to be as toxic as the cryic subclass to larvae from spodoptera exigua in assays with crude e. coli extracts. to directly test the purified recombinant gene product, the gene was subcloned as a 4.8-kb fragment into an expres ... | 1992 | 1610185 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on aquatic insects in laboratory bioassays and outdoor stream channels. | 1992 | 1611248 | |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis against damalinia ovis (phthiraptera:mallophaga). | 1992 | 1619297 | |
| cloning and expression of the cryivd gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the cyanobacterium agmenellum quadruplicatum pr-6 and its resulting larvicidal activity. | a mosquitocidal cyanobacterium has been developed by introducing the mosquito-toxic cryivd gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis into the unicellular cyanobacterium agmenellum quadruplicatum pr-6 (synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7002). the cryivd gene was introduced into the cyanobacterium on a derivative of the pr-6 expression vector paqe19 delta sal in which the cryivd gene was translationally fused to the initial coding sequence of the highly expressed pr-6 cpcb gene. coomassie blu ... | 1992 | 1622235 |
| plasma-membrane-intercalated heparan sulphate proteoglycans in an osteogenic cell line (umr 106-01 bsp). | the heparan sulphate (hs) proteoglycans associated with the cell layer of a rat osteosarcoma cell line [umr 106-01 (bsp)] were compared with similar cell-associated proteoglycans from other cells, and their interaction with the plasma membrane was studied. hs proteoglycans were metabolically labelled by incubation of cell cultures with [3h]glucosamine or [3h]leucine and [35s]sulphate. hs proteoglycan core protein preparation generated by heparitinase digestion of the major species from umr 106-0 ... | 1992 | 1637308 |
| biopesticides and resistance. | 1992 | 1637378 | |
| molecular characterization of two novel crystal protein genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni. | two genes encoding the predominant polypeptides of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni cuboidal crystals were cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the polypeptides have electrophoretic mobilities of 40 and 34 kda, with the deduced amino acid sequences predicting molecular masses of 35,384 and 37,505 da, respectively. no statistically significant similarities were detected between the 40- or 34-kda crystal protein and any other characterized b. thuringiensis crystal protein, nor were the ... | 1992 | 1729243 |
| synthesis and toxicity of full-length and truncated bacterial cryivd mosquitocidal proteins expressed in lepidopteran cells using a baculovirus vector. | full-length (72k) and truncated (61k) cryivd mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells and larvae of trichoplusia ni using a baculovirus vector to investigate the role of cryivd peptides in toxicity as well as to evaluate further the baculovirus/lepidopteran system for expressing bt proteins. the cryivd genes were inserted into the autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) under control of the polyhedrin ... | 1992 | 1730944 |
| spba locus ensures the segregational stability of pth1030, a novel type of gram-positive replicon. | the replication region of the plasmid pht1030 of bacillus thuringiensis was previously mapped to a 2.9 kb dna fragment. the dna sequence was analysed and it was shown that the minimal replicon resides within a 1 kb fragment of dna carrying no potential protein coding sequence. moreover, no production of single-stranded dna intermediates was detected in the plasmid-containing cells. pht1030 therefore belongs to a class of replicons not previously described in gram-positive bacteria. examination o ... | 1992 | 1738313 |
| efficacy of a flowable concentrate formulation of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) against larval mosquitoes in southern iran. | a flowable concentrate formulation of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) [bactimos fc (1000 itu/mg)] was evaluated for the control of mosquito larvae in simulated ponds and natural breeding sites in kazeroun (fars province), southern iran. a comparison was made with abate emulsifiable concentrate. bactimos fc caused 93-96% anopheline and 97% culicine larval mortality 24 h posttreatment in simulated ponds and natural breeding sites, when used at the rate of 0.2 cc/m2. abate (0.015 cc/m2) resulted in s ... | 1992 | 1279118 |
| the effects of agitation, sediment, and competition on the persistence and efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti). | the persistence and efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) were examined in aquatic microcosms under varying conditions of agitation, sediment content, and microbial competition. agitation was found to be the most important factor in maintaining persistence of bti cells and the bioavailability of bti toxin. sediment acted to decrease efficacy by increasing settling of the toxic particles, but did not decrease the persistence of bti cells were found, but efficacy of the bti end ... | 1992 | 1282879 |
| susceptibility of simulium (chirostilbia) pertinax kollar, 1832 (diptera, simuliidae) to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in an atypical breeding habitat. | 1992 | 1284991 | |
| expression of a chimeric camv 35s bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene in transgenic tobacco. | insecticidal transgenic tobacco plants containing a truncated bacillus thuringiensis cryia(b) crystal protein (icp) gene expressed from the camv 35s promoter were analyzed for icp gene expression under field and greenhouse conditions over the course of a growing season. we present new information on temporal and tissue-specific expression of a camv 35s/cryia(b) gene. levels of cryia(b) protein and mrna were compared in both homozygous and hemizygous lines throughout plant development. levels of ... | 1992 | 1285798 |
| [age specificity of the interaction of bacillus cells with a liquid-gas interface]. | the age specificity of the bacilli cells with liquid--gas interface was studied using flow cytofluorometry. this interactions is dependent on the position of the cell in the division cycle and not on the position of the cell in the dna replication cycle. | 1992 | 1297041 |
| [the expression of 130kda mosquitocidal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in bacillus subtilis]. | two recombinant plasmid pfz1 and pfz2 containing bti 130kda mosquitocidal protein gene in opposite insertion orientation were constructed. the expression of 130kda mosquitocidal protein of bti in bacillus subtilis was confirmed by western blotting. the mosquito-larvicidal activity against the larvae of aedes albopictus was shown by the bioassay. | 1992 | 1299031 |
| [an evaluation of the joint action of 2 species of entomopathogenic bacteria on mosquito larvae]. | 1992 | 1299762 | |
| synthetic cryiiia gene from bacillus thuringiensis improved for high expression in plants. | a 1974 bp synthetic gene was constructed from chemically synthesized oligonucleotides in order to improve transgenic protein expression of the cryiiia gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis in transgenic tobacco. the crystal toxin genes (cry) from b. thuringiensis are difficult to express in plants even when under the control of efficient plant regulatory sequences. we identified and eliminated five classes of sequence found throughout the cryiiia gene that mimic eukaryotic processing ... | 1992 | 1301214 |
| [construction and characterization of shuttle plasmid pbhg1 in bacillus thuringiensis and escherichia coli]. | the recombinant plasmid pbhga was constructed by ligating plasmid phta1030 from b. thuringiensis to plasmid pjh101 from e. coli. the recombinant plasmid pbhga was digested and deleted by various restriction enzymes, generating 14 derived recombinant plasmids differing in molecular weight. the expressible analysis for the plasmid pbhg1 from among the derived plasmids in e. coli hb101 and b. subtilis 168, the results proved the recombinant plasmid pbhg1 is carring promotive region, original region ... | 1992 | 1305826 |
| [comparison of mosquito larvicidal efficacy between microbial encapsulated bti (ebti) and standard bti (sbti)]. | a comparative study was conducted on the efficacy of mosquito larvicides ebti and sbti. the results showed that: 1. the residual efficacy of ebti was remarkably higher than that of sbti at 0.007-0.002ppm bti concentration (p < 0.01), the mosquito larvae mortality of ebti remained 100% until the 4th week; in contrast, the mosquito larva mortality of sbti gradually and obviously declined from the 2nd to 4th week after treatment (x2 = 8.17-24.08), and reached 0 at the 4th week. 2. the lowest bti co ... | 1992 | 1307279 |