Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with ascites caused by hypoproteinemia after a massive bleeding from a gastric ulcer]. | a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) developed in an old man whose ascitic fluid was related neither to portal hypertension nor nephrotic syndrome, but with severe hypoalbuminemia emerged after a massive bleeding from a gastric ulcer in a malnutrition state. ascitic fluid, increasing day by day, yielded enterobacter cloacae and bacteroides fragilis. though autopsy was not carried out because of refusal of his family, neither liver necropsy, nor abdominal ct scan nor repeated abdomin ... | 1993 | 8450277 |
| decimal assay for additivity of drugs permits delineation of synergy and antagonism. | although there are many in vitro tests for drug interactions, few possess a linear, predictable dose-dependent end point or have a precise definition for additivity. therefore, a new test with both of these features, the decimal assay for additivity, was developed. this test is based on a disk diffusion assay and the strict linear relationship between drug mass and size of the inhibition zone. when the decimal assay for additivity was applied to combinations known on a mechanistic basis to be ad ... | 1993 | 8452356 |
| effects on cell morphology of growing pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae and staphylococcus aureus in subinhibitory concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid. | light microscopy and electron microscopy studies with enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid indicate that p-aminobenzoic acid may have a direct or indirect effect on the cell walls. the morphological effects of p-aminobenzoic acid varied with different bacterial species. e. cloacae grown in the presence of p-aminobenzoic acid produced filaments while p. aeruginosa cells were elongated an ... | 1993 | 8459778 |
| importance of beta-lactamase induction. | induction of an enzyme is a temporary phenomenon in which the rate of enzyme synthesis is greatly increased in response to the presence of an inducer in the environment. induction of beta-lactamase synthesis is important for the resistance of staphylococci to penicillins since the drug both induces synthesis of the enzyme and is hydrolysed by it. similarly, some compounds both strongly induce and are hydrolysed by the chromosomally-determined beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacilli (e.g. amoxic ... | 1993 | 8477758 |
| the pseudomonas cepacia 249 chromosomal penicillinase is a member of the ampc family of chromosomal beta-lactamases. | pseudomonas cepacia 249 produces an inducible beta-lactamase with penicillinase activity. the nucleotide sequence of the pena gene, which encodes this beta-lactamase, was determined and found to include regions with a significant homology to the ampc-encoded beta-lactamases of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the predicted amino acid sequence of the pena beta-lactamase contained 17 amino acids immediately preceding the putative active-site serine which were hi ... | 1993 | 8494361 |
| a dramatic change in the rate-limiting step of beta-lactam hydrolysis results from the substitution of the active-site serine residue by a cysteine in the class-c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae 908r. | a cysteine residue has been substituted for the active-site serine of the class-c beta-lactamase produced by enterobacter cloacae 908r by site-directed mutagenesis. the modified protein exhibited drastically reduced kcat./km values on all tested substrates. however, this decrease was due to increased km values with some substrates and to decreased kcat. values with others. these apparently contradictory results could be explained by a selective influence of the mutation on the first-order rate c ... | 1993 | 8503887 |
| focused microbiologic surveillance by specific hospital unit: practical application and clinical utility. | focused microbiologic surveillance by specific hospital intensive care units (icus) revealed important differences in the occurrence of pathogens among units and at different times. moreover, there were striking differences between the antibiogram summaries from certain icus and those from the hospital as a whole. accordingly, an ongoing focused microbiologic surveillance was conducted for hospital icus to define unit-specific problems more clearly. to apply these data practically, results of fo ... | 1993 | 8513456 |
| an electronmicroscope study of the effect of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim on enterobacter cloacae. | electronmicroscopy of thin sections of log phase cells of enterobacter cloacae nctc 10005 grown for 4 h in the presence of sulphadiazine 250 micrograms/ml, trimethoprim 12.5 microliters/ml or the combination of sulphadiazine 250 micrograms/ml plus trimethoprim 12.5 micrograms/ml indicated that both agents caused marked morphological damage even though the mic of sulphadiazine for the e. cloacae strain was > 3000 micrograms/ml. the damage took the form of electron-transparent areas devoid of ribo ... | 1993 | 8418297 |
| peptidoglycan tripeptide content and cross-linking are altered in enterobacter cloacae induced to produce ampc beta-lactamase by glycine and d-amino acids. | induction of ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047 by d-methionine, glycine, or d-tryptophan was accompanied by alterations in peptidoglycan composition and structure; in the case of d-methionine, it was also accompanied by morphologic changes. a decrease in peptidoglycan tripeptides was seen. with glycine, there was an increase in the proportion of diaminopimelic-diaminopimelic cross-links. the possible implications of these changes for beta-lactamase induction are discussed. | 1993 | 8444815 |
| effect of antibiotics on endotoxin release from gram-negative bacteria. | antibiotics may inhibit bacterial growth or may kill bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis or protein synthesis. the amount of endotoxin released during antibiotic action has been found to be clinically important. nine antibiotics, representing seven classes, were studied for the amounts of endotoxin released during their action on susceptible strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. staphylococcus aureus, which produces no endoto ... | 1993 | 8477572 |
| fate of enterobacter cloacae jp120 and alcaligenes eutrophus aeo106(pro101) in soil during water stress: effects on culturability and viability. | a sandy loam soil near field capacity moisture content (psi = -0.050 mpa) or air dried (psi = -300 mpa) was inoculated with about 3 x 10(7) cfu of enterobacter cloacae jp120 and alcaligenes eutrophus aeo106(pro101) per g and incubated in 40-g portions at 17 degrees c in closed or open erlenmeyer flasks. in the field-moist soil, selective plating, direct viable counts, and dna hybridization showed only minor changes in the numbers of e. cloacae and a. eutrophus cells with time (14 days), and the ... | 1993 | 8517752 |
| cloning and characterization of aerobactin biosynthesis genes of the biological control agent enterobacter cloacae. | five strains of enterobacter cloacae that are biological control agents of pythium damping-off diseases produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. genes determining aerobactin biosynthesis of the biocontrol strain e. cloacae ecct-501 were localized to a 12.3-kb region, which conferred aerobactin production to escherichia coli dh5alpha. the aerobactin biosynthesis genes of e. cloacae hybridized to those of the pcolv-k30 plasmid of e. coli, but restriction patt ... | 1993 | 16349118 |
| isolation and characterization of a mo -reducing bacterium. | a mo -reducing bacterium (strain 48), which grew on medium supplemented with 200 mm mo, was isolated from stream water obtained from chengkau, malaysia. the chemical properties of strain 48 conform to the characteristics of enterobacter cloacae. under anaerobic conditions in the glucose-yeast extract medium containing phosphate ion (2.9 mm) and mo (10 mm), the bacterium reduced mo to form molybdenum blue. approximately 27% of mo added to the medium was reduced after 28 h of cultivation. the redu ... | 1993 | 16348915 |
| kinetics and modeling of hexavalent chromium reduction in enterobacter cloacae. | kinetics of bacterial reduction of toxic hexavalent chromium (chromate: cro(4) (2-)) was investigated using batch and fedbatch cultures of enterobacter cloacae strain ho1. in fedbatch cultures, the cro(4) (2-) feed was controlled on the basis of the rate of ph change. this control strategy has proven to be useful for avoiding toxic cro(4) (2-) overload. a simple mathematical model was developed to describe the bacterial process of cro(4) (2-) reduction. in this model, two types of bacterial cell ... | 1993 | 18601254 |
| detection of bacterial contamination in cultures of eucaryotic cells by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for early detection of bacterial contaminations in cultures of baker's yeast, penicillium chrysogenum, and an animal cell line was evaluated; muramic acid and characteristic cellular fatty acids were used as analytes. by analyzing branched-chain and cyclopropane-substituted fatty acids as methyl esters, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus reuteri, enterobacter cloacae, and pseudomonas fluorescens were detected in a 500-fold ... | 1993 | 18613045 |
| kinetics of colonization of adult queensland fruit flies (bactrocera tryoni) by dinitrogen-fixing alimentary tract bacteria. | the average total population of bacteria remained constant in the alimentary tracts of adult laboratory-raised queensland fruit flies (bactrocera tryoni) although the insects had ingested large numbers of live bacteria as part of their diet. the mean number of bacteria (about 13 million) present in the gut of the insects from 12 to 55 days after emergence was not significantly modified when, at 5 days after emergence, the flies were fed antibiotic-resistant bacteria belonging to two species comm ... | 1994 | 16349328 |
| optimization of novel extracellular polysaccharide production by an enterobacter sp, on wood hydrolysates. | an environmental isolate identified as enterobacter cloacae has been found to produce a highly viscous, anionic extracellular polysaccharide (eps) from a weak mineral acid hydrolysate of hardwood. production of this eps has been optimized on the hydrolysate (initial ph, 6.3; nh(4)cl amendment, 0.1%) so that crude yields approaching 9.83 g/liter were obtained. although this eps is polydisperse, its molecular mass as determined by gel exclusion chromatography centers at approximately 1,700 kda. so ... | 1994 | 16349242 |
| interaction between antibiotics and antineoplastic drugs on antibacterial activity in-vitro - estramustine phosphate sensitizes pneumococci to amikacin. | the antibacterial and interactive effects of doxorubicin, cisplatin, cytarabine, vincristine, carmustine, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, dtic, mitomycin, etoposide and estramustine phosphate on the antibacterial activity of penicillin g, piperacillin, ceftazidime, imipenem, trimethoprim, amikacin, tetracyclin, oxacillin, metronidazole, 5-fc, and amphotericin b were studied on 57 bacterial strains. the bacterial species investigated were escherischia coli, stap ... | 1994 | 21566943 |
| electric fields induce curved growth of enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, and bacillus subtilis cells: implications for mechanisms of galvanotropism and bacterial growth. | directional growth in response to electric fields (galvanotropism) is known for eukaryotic cells as diverse as fibroblasts, neurons, algae, and fungal hyphae. the mechanism is not understood, but all proposals invoke actin either directly or indirectly. we applied electric fields to bacteria (which are inherently free of actin) to determine whether actin was essential for galvanotropism. field-treated (but not control) enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli cells curved rapidly toward the ano ... | 1994 | 8300526 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an azospirillum brasilense indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase gene. | azospirillum brasilense isolated from the rhizosphere of different plants has the ability to excrete indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) into the culture media. cosmid p0.2, isolated from an a. brasilense sp245 genome library in plafr1, complements the tn5-induced mutant spm7918 of a. brasilense sp6 which excretes reduced amounts of iaa. restriction mapping and gene expression studies identified a bglii-ecori 4.3 kb fragment of p0.2 sufficient for the restoration of high levels of iaa production in mutan ... | 1994 | 8202090 |
| the tryptophan repressor sequence is highly conserved among the enterobacteriaceae. | tryptophan biosynthesis in escherichia coli is regulated by the product of the trpr gene, the tryptophan (trp) repressor. trp aporepressor binds the corepressor, l-tryptophan, to form a holorepressor complex, which binds trp operator dna tightly, and inhibits transcription of the tryptophan biosynthetic operon. the conservation of trp operator sequences among enteric gram-negative bacteria suggests that trpr genes from other bacterial species can be cloned by complementation in e. coli. to clone ... | 1994 | 8208606 |
| catheter related bacterial infections mimic reactions to exogenous pyrogens during hemodialysis. | pyrogenic reactions are characterized by fever, chills, hypotension, or a combination of these developing during or shortly after hemodialysis in a previously asymptomatic patient. the temporal association with treatment implicates exposure of the patient's blood to bacterial pyrogens from contaminated dialysate or a reused dialyzer. routine body temperature monitoring is recommended to detect these exposures. the current study was prompted by the appearance of several symptomatic febrile episod ... | 1994 | 8555599 |
| identification of the gene encoding the major nad(p)h-flavin oxidoreductase of the bioluminescent bacterium vibrio fischeri atcc 7744. | the gene encoding the major nad(p)h-flavin oxidoreductase (flavin reductase) of the luminous bacterium vibrio fischeri atcc 7744 was isolated by using synthetic oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme. nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that the major flavin reductase of v. fischeri consisted of 218 amino acids and had a calculated molecular weight of 24,562. cloned flavin reductase expressed in escherichia coli was purified virtually to homog ... | 1994 | 8206830 |
| crystallographic structure of a phosphonate derivative of the enterobacter cloacae p99 cephalosporinase: mechanistic interpretation of a beta-lactamase transition-state analog. | the crystal structure of a complex formed on reaction of the enterobacter cloacae p99 cephalosporinase (beta-lactamase) with a phosphonate monoester inhibitor, m-carboxyphenyl [[n-[(p-iodophenyl)acetyl]amino]methyl]phosphonate, has been obtained at 2.3-a resolution. the structure shows that the inhibitor has phosphonylated the active site serine (ser64) with loss of the m-carboxyphenol leaving group. the inhibitor is positioned in the active site in a way that can be interpreted in terms of a tr ... | 1994 | 8204611 |
| role of residue lys315 in the mechanism of action of the enterobacter cloacae 908r beta-lactamase. | the role of the highly conserved lys315 residue in the catalytic mechanism of a class c beta-lactamase has been probed by site-directed mutagenesis. lys315 has been replaced by a histidine in the enterobacter cloacae 908r beta-lactamase, thus introducing a tritratable group to probe the role of the positive charge, and by a glutamine. the effects of these mutations have been studied on the kinetics of penicillin g and cephalothin turnover and on the pre-steady-state kinetics with carbenicillin a ... | 1994 | 8172894 |
| arbitrarily primed pcr, ribotyping, and plasmid pattern analysis applied to investigation of a nosocomial outbreak due to enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit. | in december 1992, enterobacter cloacae was isolated from the oropharynx and respiratory tract of six ventilated neonates hospitalized in the intensive care unit (icu) of our hospital. to establish the spread of the outbreak, 41 strains of e. cloacae were analyzed for genotypic markers by three methods: plasmid profile analysis, ribotyping with ecori or pvuii endonuclease, and arbitrarily primed (ap) pcr. the tested strains included 12 isolates from the 6 epidemic cases, 4 isolates from the respi ... | 1994 | 8195364 |
| induction of cecropin-like and attacin-like antibacterial but not antiviral activity in heliothis virescens larvae. | inducible cecropin-like and attacin-like proteins were isolated from immune hemolymph obtained from vaccinated heliothis virescens larvae. the attacin-like protein had a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 daltons and was not dialyzable. the cecropin-like peptide had an estimated molecular weight of 6,000-7,000 daltons and was dialyzable, heat-stable and sensitive to trypsin digestion. the cecropin-like peptide showed bactericidal activity against escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae, ... | 1994 | 8166704 |
| differentiation of distribution systems, source water, and clinical coliforms by dna analysis. | during a 2-week period, enterobacter cloacae was isolated from throughout the water distribution system in new haven county, connecticut. there was no forewarning of this event and no apparent reasons for it. several epidemiologic and public health questions required rapid answers. were these e. cloacae isolates the result of treatment failure and breakthrough or was regrowth occurring within the system? did the e. cloacae isolates represent a health threat and were they causing infection? pulse ... | 1994 | 8126169 |
| involvement of l-tryptophan aminotransferase in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in enterobacter cloacae. | l-tryptophan aminotransferase (l-tryptophan:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; ec 2.6.1.27) from enterobacter cloacae was purified 62-fold and characterized to determine its role in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. the enzyme reversibly catalyzed the transamination of l-tryptophan with 2-oxoglutarate as the amino acceptor to yield indole-3-pyruvic acid and l-glutamate, and the km values for l-tryptophan and indole-3-pyruvic acid were 3.3 mm and 24 microm, respectively. in the indole-3-acetaldehy ... | 1994 | 7811697 |
| postantibiotic effect, and postantibiotic effect of subinhibitory concentrations, of sparfloxacin on gram-negative bacteria. | the postantibiotic effect (pae), the postantibiotic sub-mic effect (pa sme), and the sub-mic effect (sme) of a new oral quinolone, sparfloxacin, were determined for different strains of gram-negative bacteria. a pae was induced by 10 x mic of sparfloxacin for 2 h and the antibiotic was then eliminated by washing and dilution. the pa sme was studied by adding different sub-mics during the postantibiotic phase, and the sme by exposing the controls to the sub-mics alone. growth curves were followed ... | 1994 | 8306813 |
| plasmid labeling confirms bacterial translocation in pancreatitis. | to examine whether the gut is a source of infection in acute pancreatitis, bacterial translocation and alterations of intestinal microecology and morphology were studied in 16 dogs. dogs were colonized with a strain of escherichia coli (e. coli 6938k) bearing the plasmid puc4k, which confers kanamycin resistance. in eight dogs (group i), pancreatitis was induced by sodium taurocholate/trypsin injection. eight other dogs (group ii) underwent laparotomy only. the pancreas, mesenteric lymph nodes, ... | 1994 | 8311134 |
| [bacterial resistance to antibiotics in the czech republic. the working group for monitoring resistance in the czech republic]. | in 1991 the authors made an investigation on the resistance of clinically important bacteria. seventeen antibiotic centres in the czech republic participated in the investigation. the resistance to antibiotics of 32,567 strains of twelve bacterial species isolated from hospitalized patients depends on 1. the type of bacteria and antibiotics, 2. the source (specimen of pathological material) and 3. the locality (hospital). the resistance of staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin with the exception of ... | 1994 | 8111828 |
| characterization of a plasmid-borne and constitutively expressed blamox-1 gene encoding ampc-type beta-lactamase. | a 1954-bp dna fragment containing the blamox-1 gene, identified on a large resident plasmid (prmox-1) of klebsiella pneumoniae nu2936, was sequenced and an open reading frame (orf) coding for a 390-amino-acid (aa) mox-1 was found. the total deduced aa sequence of mox-1 shared considerable homology with that of ampc-type class c beta-lactamases of gram- bacteria, especially of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 [51.3%; 63.8% at the nucleotide (nt) level]. however, the regulatory gene ampr and a 38-bp am ... | 1994 | 8112596 |
| resistance characteristics of blood culture isolates of enterobacter cloacae with special reference to beta-lactamases and relation to preceding antimicrobial therapy. | resistance characteristics of 53 blood culture isolates of e. cloacae were examined and correlated with antimicrobial treatment preceding bacteraemia. resistance patterns of 22 antimicrobial agents, presence of resistant mutants, and inducibility of beta-lactamase were investigated; furthermore, population analysis and investigation of beta-lactamase production of selected isolates were performed. thirty-two isolates (60%) were resistant to cephalothin and/or cefoxitin and/or ampicillin, and 14 ... | 1994 | 8024737 |
| [enterobacteria in mineral, spring and table water]. | whereas coliform bacteria rank first, non-coliform enterobacteria can be isolated second in frequency from bottled mineral, spring and table waters in south bavaria. escherichia coli were found in 8, coliforms in 44 and non-coliform enterobacteria in 41 of 54 manufactories with hygienic problems. 11 different bacterial species were determined from coliforms with enterobacter cloacae occurring most numerous in 19, citrobacter freundii in 12 and enterobacter amnigenus in 7 manufactories. from non- ... | 1994 | 7841680 |
| antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin from bacteria in vitro. | the ability of cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin and tobramycin to cause release of endotoxin was examined in vitro with cultures of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli. endotoxin was measured by a quantitative limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and its presence was confirmed by silver staining of the lipopolysaccharide moiety following sds-page. the morphology of the bacteria during antibiotic exposure was examined by scanning electronmicroscopy. cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and piperacil ... | 1994 | 8289210 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the gene for a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sme-1, from serratia marcescens s6. | serratia marcescens s6 produces a pi 9.7 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase that is probably encoded by the chromosome (y. yang, p. wu, and d. m. livermore, antimicrob. agents chemother. 34:755-758, 1990). a total of 11.3 kb of genomic dna from this strain was cloned into plasmid pacyc184 in escherichia coli. after further subclonings, the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase gene (blasme-1) was sequenced (embl accession number z28968). the gene corresponded to an 882-bp open reading frame w ... | 1994 | 8092824 |
| genetics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. | bacteria have adapted to the introduction of aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and other oxyimino-beta-lactams by altering existing plasmid-mediated class a and class d beta-lactamases so as to expand their spectrum of activity. in the tem and shv families of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, relative activity toward oxyimino-substrates increases with the number of amino acid substitutions but at the price of lowered intrinsic efficiency, so that compensatory up-promoter events ar ... | 1994 | 7821301 |
| detection of the covalent intermediate of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase by solution-state and time-resolved solid-state nmr spectroscopy. | uridine diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-nag) enolpyruvyl transferase from enterobacter cloacae catalyzes the transfer of an enolpyruvyl moiety from phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to the 3-hydroxyl of udp-nag to form enolpyruvyl udp-nag and inorganic phosphate. indirect evidence for the involvement of a covalent intermediate, in which the c-2 of o-phosphothioketal moiety is attached to cys-115, in the reaction catalyzed by udp-nag enolpyruvyl transferase has been reported by wanke and amrhein [wa ... | 1994 | 7999765 |
| the in vitro activity of fce 22101 against gram-negative aerobic isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of fce 22101 against 97 gram-negative aerobic nosocomial isolates was compared with that of ceftriaxone using the agar dilution method. thirty-four (79%) of the 43 ceftriaxone resistant (mic > 16 mg/l) isolates were found to be fce 22101 susceptible (mic < or = 8 mg/l), while of the ceftriaxone susceptible isolates, only seven enterobacter cloacae and one serratia spp strain were fce 22101 resistant. the new penem may offer an alternative for treating nosocomial infections ... | 1994 | 8077992 |
| resistance of bacterial strains to dry conditions: use of anhydrous silica gel in a desiccation model system. | the viability of 18 bacterial strains desiccated on anhydrous silica gel and stored at a temperature of 22 degrees c for at least 3 months was determined. according to their stability in the dried state, these strains could be classified into three typical groups. group 1, containing gram-positive strains and salmonella serotypes, was marked by a very slow decrease of the concentration of culturable cells from day 14 on (respectively day 21 for salmonella thompson). the rate of decrease expresse ... | 1994 | 7989258 |
| analysis of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae and of its lysr-type regulatory protein. | carbapenems such as imipenem are extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics, which are not hydrolyzed by the beta-lactamases commonly found in enterobacteriaceae. here we report a gene encoding a carbapenemase, which was cloned from the chromosome of a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, strain nor-1, into pacyc184 plasmid in escherichia coli. unlike all the sequenced carbapenemases, which are class b metallo-beta-lactamases, the mature protein (nmca) is a class a serine beta-lactamase. nmc ... | 1994 | 8052644 |
| inhibitory effect of clindamycin on production of beta-lactamase in beta-lactam-resistant bacteria. | the inhibitory effect of clindamycin on beta-lactamase biosynthesis was investigated in beta-lactam resistant bacteria with inducible and/or constitutive production of the enzyme(s). clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae (e. cloacae) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (p. aeruginosa) were examined. three strains of each, against which sulbactam at 8 micrograms/ml reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of cefoperazone (cpz) at least 4 fold, were studied in greater detail. although clindam ... | 1994 | 7920440 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin. | in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime and flomoxef. the advantages of in vitro activity of fk037 were as follows: (1) a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, (2) the most potent activity (mic90: 25 micrograms/ml) of the cephalosporins tested against highly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (h-mrsa), (3) a strong activity against enterobacter spp. and citrobacter freundii resistant to t ... | 1994 | 8205935 |
| synthesis and characterization of monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates. | beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae (beta l) was conjugated to the fab'2 fragment of the monoclonal antibody l6 through a thioether linkage. although l6-fab'2-beta l was capable of activating the antitumor prodrug, 7-(phenylacetamido)cephalosporin mustard, it was impaired in its ability to bind to antigens on the h2981 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. as a result, studies were undertaken to prepare conjugates with preserved binding activities. l6-fab'-beta l and a dimeric conjugate cons ... | 1994 | 7918745 |
| the spectrum of myositis and rhabdomyolysis associated with bacterial infection. | (1) to describe the clinical and radiographic features of 6 patients with myositis or rhabdomyolysis associated with bacterial infection. (2) to analyze the role of computed tomography (ct) in myositis associated with bacterial infection. | 1994 | 7837162 |
| bacteremia due to transplantation of contaminated cryopreserved pancreatic islets. | to report two cases of pancreatic islet transplantation-related septicemia, and the results of an investigative protocol to identify potential sources of contamination. | 1994 | 8162286 |
| photochemical inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in human platelet concentrates. | platelet concentrates (pc) may be infrequently contaminated with low levels of bacteria that can cause septicemia and death in patients receiving transfusion therapy. we evaluated the efficacy of a photochemical decontamination (pcd) technique using 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop) and long wavelength uv light (uva) to inactivate bacteria in standard therapeutic pc. twelve phylogenetically distinct pathogenic bacteria, 5 gram-positive and 7 gram-negative organisms, were seeded into pc to a final challe ... | 1994 | 8167348 |
| [fingerprinting with the polymerase chain reaction: confirmation of a enterobacter cloacae epidemic in a neonatal intensive care unit]. | between end december 1993 and end january 1994 a cluster of children infected/colonized with enterobacter cloacae was seen in the neonatal intensive care unit of the university hospital nijmegen. the results of the epidemiological investigation are reported, which was aimed to differentiate between a random cluster of endogenously acquired enterobacter strains and those possibly acquired exogenously via cross-infection. 5 isolates of the 7 patients were available for fingerprinting using interre ... | 1994 | 7821951 |
| [nationwide survey on susceptibilities of clinical isolates from urinary tract to antimicrobial agents in japan, 1991]. | this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of urinary tract isolates to antimicrobial agents examined at 123 hospital laboratories in japan from september to december in 1991. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory. the susceptibility testing was performed according to the disk diffusion method recommended by national committee for clinical laboratory standards. mrsa showed high resistance rates to all agents tested except to mi ... | 1994 | 8182896 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates in south sweden including a 13-year follow-up study of some respiratory tract pathogens. | the antibiotic susceptibility of consecutive isolates of the upper respiratory tract pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus, (100 strains of each species collected each year during march through april 1985, 1988 and 1992) to penicillin v, amoxycillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, doxycycline, erythromycin, and cotrimoxazole was investigated by mic determination on pdm and pdm ii agar. the mics of the upper r ... | 1994 | 8185890 |
| rapid emergence of quinolone resistance in cirrhotic patients treated with norfloxacin to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. | we carried out quantitative culturing of stools from 31 hospitalized alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and ascites, before treatment with 400 mg of norfloxacin per day, weekly for the first month, and then every 2 weeks thereafter for 15 to 229 days (median, 54 days). members of the family enterobacteriaceae virtually disappeared from the stools (< 10(2)/g), but treatment had little effect on enterococci. no selection of resistant organisms occurred in 15 patients, but the remaining 16 patients ... | 1994 | 8192461 |
| separation and quantification of murein and precursors from enterobacter cloacae after treatment with trimethoprim and sulphadiazine. | the intracellular concentrations of the soluble murein precursors udp-mur-nac-pentapeptide in the cytoplasm, the membrane-bound lipid precursor disaccharide pentapeptide and the muropeptides of enterobacter cloacae cultures treated with trimethoprim (12.5 micrograms ml-1) and sulphadiazine (250 micrograms ml-1) were determined by using capillary zone electrophoresis analysis. in the presence of trimethoprim, udp-mur-nac-pentapeptide as well as disaccharide pentapeptide accumulated. in the case o ... | 1994 | 7815286 |
| cytotoxic and antibacterial labdane-type diterpenes from the aerial parts of cistus incanus subsp. creticus. | seven labdane-type diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of cistus incanus subsp. creticus; their structures were established by spectroscopic means. all compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxicity against three cell line systems: kb, p-388; and nsclc-n6. their antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosae, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, torulopsis glabrata, sacc ... | 1994 | 8134413 |
| increasing enterobacter bacteremia in pediatric patients. | thirty-two episodes of enterobacter bacteremia were identified in 30 patients at children's hospital of michigan between september, 1989, and november, 1992. fifty-six percent of the episodes were nosocomial. enterobacter accounted for 14% of all nosocomial bacteremias and was the most common gram-negative organism causing such infections. enterobacter cloacae was the most commonly isolated species (72%). twenty-nine (97%) patients had underlying risk factors for infection, including central ven ... | 1994 | 7808847 |
| [ribosomal dna fingerprinting analysis of enterobacter cloacae isolated from an outbreak of nosocomial infection]. | 16s and 23s ribosomal dna (rdna) genes were amplified form e. coli, labelled with [alpha- 32p] datp by nick translation, and applied as conserved gene probes to detecting broad-spectrum rdna. rdna fingerprinting analysis of enterobacter cloacae (e. cloacae) isolated form an outbreak of nosocomial infection and other hospital environmental sources was conducted with digestion by different restrictive endonuclease, such as hind iii, ecori, bamhi, bgl i, et al. results showed rdna fingerprinting of ... | 1994 | 7842891 |
| the oral prevalence of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and yeasts in hong kong chinese. | saline oral rinse samples were obtained from 300 community-dwelling hong kong chinese attending an outpatient dental clinic to determine the oral prevalence of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods (agnr) and yeasts. the oral prevalence of agnr was 41.7%. enterobacteriaceae species comprised 73% of all agnr isolated, with an overall prevalence of 32%. there was no difference in prevalence between females (n = 190) and males (n = 110). morning samples (n = 154) yielded a signific ... | 1994 | 8067914 |
| enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit: account of an outbreak and its relationship to use of third generation cephalosporins. | after uneventful use of cefotaxime and ceftazidime as first line therapy for three years in our neonatal intensive care unit we isolated cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter cloacae (crec) strains which caused clusters of cases or colonization and/or serious neonatal infection. by using two or more typing methods, at least five different strains with similar patterns of antimicrobial sensitivities were identified. the results of a case-control study did not support the notion that the use of thi ... | 1994 | 7897189 |
| combination effect of clindamycin with ceftazidime and cefoperazone in inducing filamentous growth of enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 1994 | 8071132 | |
| the energy dependence of detergent resistance in enterobacter cloacae: a likely requirement for atp rather than a proton gradient or a membrane potential. | the enteric bacterium enterobacter cloacae was grown both aerobically and anaerobically in the presence of up to 1% of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). a continuous energy supply was necessary to maintain cell integrity and cells grown in sds (0.1-1%) lysed during carbon-limited stationary phase. the respiratory inhibitor kcn (3 mm) caused rapid lysis when added to aerobic, log phase, sds-containing cultures growing on glucose as the carbon source. however, when the sds (0.5%) ... | 1994 | 8012906 |
| assessment of bacterial cross-transmission as a cause of infections in patients in intensive care units. | the prevalence of possible cross-transmission of selected bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococci) among infected patients was evaluated in five intensive care units (icus) over 6 months. a total of 284 isolates from clinical specimens were typed by plasmid profile analysis (e. coli, k. pneumoniae, and e. cloacae), restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna (s. aureus), and/or pulse-field gel el ... | 1994 | 8086555 |
| [bacteria-reducing properties of copper-containing and non-copper-containing materials. ii. relationship between microbiocide effect of copper-containing materials and copper ion concentration after contamination with moist and dry hands]. | the bactericide quality of different materials containing copper (copper, brass, brass-sheet) was tested and particularly the effect of humidity and copper-concentration was examined. in first examinations (i. communication) (19) the materials were contaminated by hands, which were dipped into a suspension of different microorganisms (micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa). the survival rate of the microorg ... | 1994 | 7916880 |
| nosocomial septicaemia due to enterobacter cloacae. | 1994 | 7516785 | |
| evaluation of rapid one system for identification of 379 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters. | the ability of the rapid one system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., norcross, ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods was evaluated. kits were inoculated with no. 2 mcfarland standard suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after 4 h of incubation at 35 degrees c. overall, the method correctly identified (to the species level or to the genus level for salmonellas and non-shigella sonnei shigella species) ... | 1994 | 8027345 |
| comparative serum bactericidal activities of three doses of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously. | the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities of three intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin were studied comparatively in 30 patients. single 200-, 300-, and 400-mg intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin were given over 30 min to 10 patients each, and serum samples were obtained at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 h after the start of the infusion. serum drug concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using noncompartmental an ... | 1994 | 8031055 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of biapenem against enterobacteria with beta-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance. | the effects of enterobacterial beta-lactamases were studied for biapenem (l627), a new carbapenem. susceptibility tests were performed for isogenic mutant series of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris which varied only in chromosomal beta-lactamase expression. beta-lactamase-derepressed organisms in these series were as susceptible as beta-lactamase-inducible strains to biapenem; beta-lactamase-basal mutants were up to eight-f ... | 1994 | 8040111 |
| [antibacterial activity of aztreonam against clinical isolates]. | to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam (azt), mics of azt and other antibiotics against clinical isolates collected at 36 participating institutions after january 1992 were determined using the agar plate dilution method (size of inoculum, 10(6) cfu/ml) according to the japan society of chemotherapy standard. the antibiotics that were tested along with azt included piperacillin (pipc), cefoperazone (cpz), and amikacin (amk). azt was found to be more active a ... | 1994 | 8051793 |
| [preliminary considerations in a semiquantitative microbiological study in catheter-related infection]. | in the interval september 1993-april 1994, 38 catheters from children admitted to the children's hospital of iaşi were examined microscopically and by semiquantitative culture, in the children with sepsis and/or positive catheters hemocultures being performed concurrently. twenty eight of these catheters proved to be sterile, the other 10 being positive to coagulase-negative staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli from klebsiella-enterobacter group, candida species, the number of colonies/plate var ... | 1994 | 7772895 |
| invasion of rabbit ileal tissue by enterobacter cloacae varies with the concentration of ompx in the outer membrane. | the outer membrane protein ompx of enterobacter cloacae shows high amino acid homology with virulence proteins pagc and rck from salmonella typhimurium and with ail from yersinia enterocolitica. here we demonstrate a role for ompx in the invasion of rabbit ileal tissue by e. cloacae. an organ culture system was used for maintenance of rabbit gut tissue during the experiments. the invasiveness of three e. cloacae strains, which differed in ompx content, were compared with each other and with that ... | 1994 | 7927747 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria in intensive care units in switzerland]. | the sensitivity to the major antimicrobial agents of consecutively isolated gram-negative rods in intensive care units in switzerland was investigated. a majority of strains originated from clinical specimens where infection or colonization could not be distinguished from each other. a total of 1024 isolates from 482 patients were tested by a standardized microtiter method. of the beta-lactam antibiotics, imipenem (92% of bacteria sensitive), ceftazidime (90%), and aztreonam (85%) showed the gre ... | 1994 | 7939535 |
| antimicrobial activity of cefepime tested against bush group i beta-lactamase-producing strains resistant to ceftazidime. a multilaboratory national and international clinical isolate study. | the potency of cefepime, a parenteral aminothiazolyl methoxyimino cephalosporin, was assessed against 256 ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli from five medical centers in the united states. in addition, cefepime activity was compared with that of ciprofloxacin and imipenem against 506 ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli collected during an 11-medical-center international study. all us clinical isolates were susceptible (< or = 8 micrograms/ml) to cefepime except enterobacter cloa ... | 1994 | 7956010 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome against beta-lactamase-inducible and stably derepressed enterobacteriaceae. | most members of the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa possess an inducible chromosomal class i beta-lactamase. bacterial strains which produce high levels of beta-lactamase constitutively can be isolated from infections; these derepressed mutants are responsible for resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and ureidopenicillins. minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefpirome, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, and other beta-lactam antibiotics were determined for a series of mut ... | 1994 | 7956454 |
| pcr based fingerprinting of enterobacter cloacae. | an outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection with enterobacter cloacae occurred in an intensive care unit in a university teaching hospital. random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to assist in the investigation of the outbreak. the technique was readily applied to this organism and permitted differentiation between strains which had identical biochemical profiles and antibiograms. the versatility of this technique makes it attractive for use in hospitals where fingerprinting ... | 1994 | 7963464 |
| kinetic and physical studies of beta-lactamase inhibition by a novel penem, brl 42715. | the interactions of staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus i, tem, klebsiella pneumoniae k1 and enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamases with the novel penem inhibitor brl 42715 were investigated kinetically and, in some cases, by electrospray mass spectrometry (e.s.m.s.). all the beta-lactamases were rapidly inactivated by brl 42715, with second-order rate constants ranging from 0.17 to 6.4 microm-1.s-1. the initial stoichiometry of beta-lactamase inhibition was essentially 1:1, with the except ... | 1994 | 7980451 |
| demonstration of the indolepyruvate decarboxylase gene homologue in different auxin-producing species of the enterobacteriaceae. | different enterobacteriaceae were assayed for their ability to produce the plant hormone indole-3-acetate with the aim to study the distribution of the indole-3-pyruvate pathway, which is known to be involved in the production of indole-3-acetate in a root-associated enterobacter cloacae strain. other e. cloacae strains, and also enterobacter agglomerans strains, pantoea agglomerans, klebsiella aerogenes, and klebsiella oxytoca were found to convert tryptophan into indole-3-acetate. as it was al ... | 1994 | 7704833 |
| survival of allochthonous bacteria in still mineral water bottled in polyvinyl chloride (pvc) and glass. | the mortality of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on the culturability of these bacteria, was assessed in non-carbonated mineral water, bottled in polyvinyl chloride (pvc) containing the indigenous flora, sterile mineral water bottled in pvc, sterile mineral water in glass containers, and sterile tap water in glass containers. there was a general decrease in the culturability of these organisms in the four test waters, except that ps ... | 1994 | 7989260 |
| [clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone for infections during the chemotherapy of hematologic malignancy]. | in 28 patients with hematologic malignancy, the clinical effect and the safety of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) were studied on 45 episodes during granulocytopenic stage after antineoplastic chemotherapy. the overall efficacy rate obtained with sbt/cpz in combination with other drugs was 62%. the rates for sepsis, suspected sepsis and pneumonia were 67%, 94% and 38%, respectively. the efficacy in those cases that showed granulocyte count less than 300/microliters during the course of administ ... | 1994 | 7990260 |
| investigation of synergism with combinations of dibromopropamidine isethionate or propamidine isethionate and polymyxin b. | combinations of polymyxin b and dibromopropamidine isethionate exhibited synergistic inhibitory and bactericidal activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. similar results were obtained with polymyxin b plus propamidine combinations except that propamidine was not as active as dibromopropamidine and the combination of polymyxin b plus propamidine against s. aureus only had additive activity. the antibacterial agen ... | 1994 | 7996383 |
| production of a plasmid mediated ampc-like beta-lactamase by a klebsiella pneumoniae septicaemia isolate. | a septicaemia klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from greece (ath1) was shown to be resistant to third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and cefoxitin and this resistance was not decreased in the presence of clavulanic acid. the gene coding for the resistance phenotype, associated with a beta-lactamase showing cephalosporinase activity and a pi of 8.6, could be transferred into escherichia coli k-12 by conjugation and transformation. dna-hybridisation showed that this gene was located on two diffe ... | 1994 | 7730237 |
| enterobacter cloacae causing pneumatocele in a neonate. | pneumatocele formation, a cyst-like rarefaction that develops within the lung parenchyma, is an unusual complication of pneumonia in the neonate. it has been reported to occur with staphlococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. we describe a case of a premature neonate with pneumonia and subsequent pneumatocele formation caused by enterobacter cloacae. | 1994 | 7819699 |
| physical characterisation of the escherichia coli b gene encoding nitroreductase and its over-expression in escherichia coli k12. | the escherichia coli b gene (nfnb) encoding nitroreductase has been cloned in escherichia coli k-12 and its nucleotide sequence determined. the translated amino acid sequence was found to share substantial identity (88.5%) with the equivalent proteins of enterobacter cloacae and salmonella typhimurium. when the structural gene was placed under the transcriptional control of either the trp or lac promoter, recombinant nitroreductase was accumulated to 33% and 25% of the cell's soluble protein, re ... | 1994 | 7813889 |
| suppressive effect of clindamycin on development of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacter cloacae atcc 23355. | 1994 | 7814290 | |
| detection of resistance due to inducible beta-lactamase in enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae. | thirty-six of 36 strains of enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes with inducible beta-lactamase developed resistance when cefoxitin (inducer) was added to cefuroxime disks. constitutive beta-lactamase producers (n = 23) were all resistant to cefuroxime. cefuroxime resistance correlated with the amount of induced or constitutive beta-lactamase. cefuroxime was a better indicator of induced resistance than cefamandole, cefazolin, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ticarcillin with or without cla ... | 1994 | 7814486 |
| the pattern of respiratory infection in patients with lung cancer. | we examined retrospectively the pattern of respiratory infection in 579 patients with lung cancer admitted to nagasaki university hospital during the past 15 years. a total of 139 patients (24.0%) developed respiratory infection. the rates of pulmonary infection associated with large (36.2%) and small cell carcinomas (33.6%) were significantly higher than those with squamous cell carcinoma (26.0%) and adenocarcinoma (17.3%). advanced stages of lung cancer were associated with higher complication ... | 1994 | 7825174 |
| [gentamycin resistant enterobacteriaceae at a neonatal care unit]. | a case of septicaemia in a seven-day-old infant with a gentamicin-resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae prompted an epidemiological survey in a neonatal unit. another 18 patients harboured gentamicin-resistant enterobacteriaceae without symptoms. control of the outbreak was achieved by cohort nursing, strict hygiene and reduction of aminoglycoside consumption by 50%. efficiency of the measures was monitored by weekly faecal samples from all patients. all strains produced the aminoglycoside mo ... | 1994 | 7810013 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic. | the antibacterial activity of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic, was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and cefteram. sy5555 was more active than the comparison agents against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, clostridium spp., and bacteroides fragilis. against providencia spp., proteus spp., and haemophi ... | 1994 | 7811005 |
| gene sequence and biochemical characterization of fox-1 from klebsiella pneumoniae, a new ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase with two molecular variants. | klebsiella pneumoniae ba32, a clinical isolate from buenos aires, argentina, was found to produce a plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase (fox-1) which conferred resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins. resistance could be transferred by conjugation or transformation into escherichia coli k-12 via a 48.5-kb plasmid (pglk1) that produced two fox-1 molecular variants with isoelectric points of 6.8 and 7.2 and apparent molecular sizes of 37 and 35 kda, respectively. the kinetic study r ... | 1994 | 7811034 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the beta-galactosidase gene from enterobacter cloacae gao. | the gene encoding a beta-galactosidase from enterobacter cloacae gao was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the insert of a positive clone had an open reading frame of 3084 bp that encoded a polypeptide of 1028 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 116,677 daltons. the amino acid sequence of beta-galactosidase deduced from the nucleotide sequence, especially the sequence around the putative active site and of the fourteen regions, showed signif ... | 1994 | 7765512 |
| [staghorn renal lithiasis treated with shock waves. bacteriologic aspects]. | struvite renal stones are caused by infection of the urine with bacteria that synthesize the enzyme urease. ammonium is released by the breakdown of urea by urease, the urine becomes highly alkaline, and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbonate apatite crystallize. incorporation of the infecting bacteria within the developing stone, results in a focus of infection that is resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy, and which is manifested clinically by repeated urinary tract in ... | 1994 | 7658975 |
| [nosocomial colonization and infection by multiresistant enterobacter cloacae strains on a pediatric oncological unit]. | a multiresistant e. cloacae strain spread during a six month period in a paediatric oncology ward amongst nine children, who had different tumors and malformations. three children who had shared a room were especially affected. e. cloacae was isolated 122 times from the children with tumors and five times from their environment. specimens from which the bacteria were isolated, included blood cultures, catheter tips, wound swabs, drains, skin and mucous membranes from most parts of the body. the ... | 1994 | 7802900 |
| improvement of outer membrane-permeabilizing and lipopolysaccharide-binding activities of an antimicrobial cationic peptide by c-terminal modification. | antimicrobial cationic peptides have been discovered in many different organisms and often possess a broad range of activity. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms of actions of melittin and two synthetic peptides, ceme (a cecropin-melittin hybrid) and cema, against gram-negative bacteria. cema was produced by recombinant dna procedures and is an analog of ceme with a modified c terminus resulting in two additional positive charges. all three peptides showed good antimicrobial activity a ... | 1994 | 7840562 |
| high yield, site-specific coupling of n-terminally modified beta-lactamase to a proteolytically derived single-sulfhydryl murine fab'. | the preparation of bispecific protein conjugates capable of performing diverse biological functions is an area of active investigation. such conjugates are routinely prepared using techniques which employ random derivatization of lysine residues, but the overall utility of these methods is limited due to poor yields and heterogeneous conjugates. in this report we describe the development of site-specific linkage methodology for the chemical synthesis of a homogeneous enzyme-antibody fab' conjuga ... | 1994 | 7873667 |
| antibacterial activity of sucralfate versus aluminum chloride in simulated gastric fluid. | studies have previously demonstrated that sucralfate possesses intrinsic antibacterial activity. this study was designed to indirectly assess whether aluminum is the active antibacterial component of sucralfate and to further evaluate factors that may influence this agent's antibacterial activity. utilizing an in vitro model, the antibacterial activity of sucralfate, an equivalent quantity of aluminum in the form of aluminum chloride, and a control were compared. in addition, the influences of b ... | 1994 | 7889966 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics. | the aim of our study was to re-evaluate the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. the study drugs were cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, cefetamet, cefprozil, and the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (= augmentin). in addition, cefotaxime as the standard agent of parenteral third generation cephalosporins was examined. the organisms tested were staphylococcus aureus, s ... | 1994 | 7843823 |
| in vitro activity of cp-99,219, a novel 7-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl) naphthyridone antimicrobial. | the in vitro activity of cp-99,219 was compared with that of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against 814 clinical bacterial isolates using a microdilution method with brain-heart infusion broth. cp-99,219 was the most potent agent tested against methicillin-resistant, ciprofloxacin-susceptible staphylocci (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic]90 < or = 0.25 microgram/ml). cp-99,219 was 32-fold and fourfold more potent than ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, respectively, against streptococcus pneum ... | 1994 | 7851087 |
| clinical and bacteriological survey after change in aminoglycoside treatment to control an epidemic of enterobacter cloacae. | the effect of a change in the first line antibiotic treatment in a neonatal unit was studied. a total of 238 neonates (g1), admitted between 1 january and 31 july 1989, and treated with gentamicin, were compared with 398 (g2) admitted between 1 august 1989 and 31 july 1990 who received amikacin, in the combination of ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside. this change was implemented in an attempt to prevent the spread of an epidemic strain of enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephal ... | 1994 | 7852735 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections at nuhc of cotonou (benin) from march to december 1992]. | eleven antibiotics were tested against 1,194 gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections at the national university hospital center at cotonou. among the betalactams tested, only cefotaxime remained active against most of the bacteria tested: 90% of the strains of escherichia coli and 75% of the strains of enterobacter cloacae were sensitive. ampicilline, on the other hand, had lost its activity even on strains which are usually the most susceptible. thirteen percent of the e. c ... | 1994 | 7866038 |
| potential of genes and gene products from trichoderma sp. and gliocladium sp. for the development of biological pesticides. | fungal cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the biocontrol fungi trichoderma harzianum and gliocladium virens are strong inhibitors of spore germination and hyphal elongation of a number of phytopathogenic fungi. the purified enzymes include chitinolytic enzymes with different modes of action or different substrate specificity and glucanolytic enzymes with exo-activity. a variety of synergistic interactions were found when different enzymes were combined or associated with biotic or abiotic a ... | 1994 | 7866877 |
| cefquinome (hr 111v). in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals. | cefquinome (formerly hr 111v), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from < or = 0.12-2 micrograms/ml with the highest mic (4 micrograms/ml) obtained among citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and providencia stuartii strains. a total ... | 1994 | 7867299 |
| in vitro activity of sce-2787, a new cephalosporin with potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | the in vitro activity of sce-2787, 7-[(z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3- yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-(1-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinium)methy l-3- cephem-4-carboxylate, was compared with those of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and imipenem against recent clinical isolates. sce-2787 inhibited 50% of tested isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae at < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml. sce-2787 was equally active as or more active than ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against members of the enterobacteriaceae, with t ... | 1994 | 7695279 |