Publications

biochemical properties of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae and cloning of the gene into escherichia coli.	a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, strain nor-1, exhibited resistance to imipenem and remained susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. clavulanic acid partially restored the susceptibility of the strain to imipenem. two beta-lactamases with isoelectric points (pi) of 6.9 and > 9.2 were detected in strain e. cloacae nor-1; the higher pi corresponded to ampc cephalosporinase. plasmid dna was not detected in e. cloacae nor-1 and imipenem resistance could not be transferred into es ...	1993	8517720
fate of enterobacter cloacae jp120 and alcaligenes eutrophus aeo106(pro101) in soil during water stress: effects on culturability and viability.	a sandy loam soil near field capacity moisture content (psi = -0.050 mpa) or air dried (psi = -300 mpa) was inoculated with about 3 x 10(7) cfu of enterobacter cloacae jp120 and alcaligenes eutrophus aeo106(pro101) per g and incubated in 40-g portions at 17 degrees c in closed or open erlenmeyer flasks. in the field-moist soil, selective plating, direct viable counts, and dna hybridization showed only minor changes in the numbers of e. cloacae and a. eutrophus cells with time (14 days), and the ...	1993	8517752
lipopolysaccharide profile typing as a technique for comparative typing of gram-negative bacteria.	we have applied the technique of lipopolysaccharide (lps) profiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to the typing of 124 isolates of 12 gram-negative species from suspected outbreaks of infection. lps was prepared by proteinase k digestion or micro-phenol-water extraction. a total of 11 of the 12 species gave clear ladder band profiles, the exception being acinetobacter baumannii. when compared with conventional typing for enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa ...	1993	7684751
biotyping, phage typing, and o-serotyping of clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae.	the purpose of this study was to make an independent evaluation of the methods of bio-, phage-, and o-serotyping which had been used only in the laboratory of origin, and to assess the extent of possible cross-infection of enterobacter cloacae in a danish university hospital. the material consisted of 237 clinical isolates of e. cloacae from the clinical microbiology laboratory at hvidovre hospital. the typability of bio-, phage-, and serotyping was 100%, 83%, and 85%, respectively. reproducibil ...	1993	7506916
ribotyping of selected isolates of enterobacter cloacae and clinical data related to biotype, phage type, o-serotype, and ribotype.	in order to evaluate if ribotyping of selected isolates of enterobacter cloacae could further elucidate the epidemiology, we performed ribotyping of 109 isolates indistinguishable by bio-, phage-, and o-serotyping, with inconclusive typing results, or from patients with more than one isolate. ribotyping provided additional information, and some cases of cross-infection or common source of infection were revealed. under the supposition that isolates sharing the same ribotype were of the same orig ...	1993	7506918
bacterial galvanotropism: mechanisms and applications.	galvanotropism is the process by which a cell alters its shape to grow directionally in response to an electric field. this phenomenon is known for a wide variety of eukaryotic cells but the first report of bacterial galvanotropism appeared only recently. escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and (to a lesser extent) bacillus subtilis curve rapidly and reversibly towards the anode of a uniform electric field. the mechanism for the response is not known but two observations permit a degree of sp ...	1993	7801091
molecular typing of enterobacter cloacae by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments.	eleven multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae isolates were obtained from eight preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of one hospital in osnabrück, together with one sensitive strain from another infant. the presence of similar antibiograms and biotypes in 11 isolates prompted further characterization of the isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of noti generated genomic restriction fragments. for assessment of the discriminatory power of this typing method 50 ...	1993	7903083
transducer related enterobacter cloacae sepsis in post-operative cardiothoracic patients.	the use of intra-arterial pressure monitoring devices in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery is on the increase. here we document an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae septicaemia among seven post-operative cardiothoracic patients. detailed investigations revealed the source of this nosocomial problem to be contaminated transducer heads. the need to follow strict aseptic measures in handling intra-arterial devices is emphasized, in order to minimize the morbidity and mortality in otherwise l ...	1993	7905893
in vitro antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates obtained in 1989 and 1990.	the in vitro activity of nine fluoroquinolones, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin and levofloxacin, and two earlier quinolones, nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid, against 1,346 bacterial strains isolated clinically between 1989 and 1990, was evaluated by agar dilution method. the bacteria studied were staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains), staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus specie ...	1993	7911351
nosocomial infections in intensive care units: an overview of their epidemiology, outcome, and prevention.	among all hospitalized patients, icu patients are at greatest risk for both endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections. the highest infection rates are seen in surgical, burn, trauma, and neonatal icus. acquisition of infection is a major determinant of mortality in icus, and prolongs the length of icu stay. predominant pathogens include pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and candida spp. they are more likely to be resistant to antimicrobial agents ...	1993	7922399
[ciprofloxacin resistance in gram negative bacilli. epidemiologic aspects].	the aim of the present was to study the resistance to ciprofloxacin (cip) in gram negative bacilli (april 1990-march 1992) and to determine the temporary distribution of the resistant strains by species, samples and departments.	1993	8305553
isolation and characterization of a mo -reducing bacterium.	a mo -reducing bacterium (strain 48), which grew on medium supplemented with 200 mm mo, was isolated from stream water obtained from chengkau, malaysia. the chemical properties of strain 48 conform to the characteristics of enterobacter cloacae. under anaerobic conditions in the glucose-yeast extract medium containing phosphate ion (2.9 mm) and mo (10 mm), the bacterium reduced mo to form molybdenum blue. approximately 27% of mo added to the medium was reduced after 28 h of cultivation. the redu ...	1993	16348915
cloning and characterization of aerobactin biosynthesis genes of the biological control agent enterobacter cloacae.	five strains of enterobacter cloacae that are biological control agents of pythium damping-off diseases produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. genes determining aerobactin biosynthesis of the biocontrol strain e. cloacae ecct-501 were localized to a 12.3-kb region, which conferred aerobactin production to escherichia coli dh5alpha. the aerobactin biosynthesis genes of e. cloacae hybridized to those of the pcolv-k30 plasmid of e. coli, but restriction patt ...	1993	16349118
detection of bacterial contamination in cultures of eucaryotic cells by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for early detection of bacterial contaminations in cultures of baker's yeast, penicillium chrysogenum, and an animal cell line was evaluated; muramic acid and characteristic cellular fatty acids were used as analytes. by analyzing branched-chain and cyclopropane-substituted fatty acids as methyl esters, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus reuteri, enterobacter cloacae, and pseudomonas fluorescens were detected in a 500-fold ...	1993	18613045
kinetics and modeling of hexavalent chromium reduction in enterobacter cloacae.	kinetics of bacterial reduction of toxic hexavalent chromium (chromate: cro(4) (2-)) was investigated using batch and fedbatch cultures of enterobacter cloacae strain ho1. in fedbatch cultures, the cro(4) (2-) feed was controlled on the basis of the rate of ph change. this control strategy has proven to be useful for avoiding toxic cro(4) (2-) overload. a simple mathematical model was developed to describe the bacterial process of cro(4) (2-) reduction. in this model, two types of bacterial cell ...	1993	18601254
optimization of novel extracellular polysaccharide production by an enterobacter sp, on wood hydrolysates.	an environmental isolate identified as enterobacter cloacae has been found to produce a highly viscous, anionic extracellular polysaccharide (eps) from a weak mineral acid hydrolysate of hardwood. production of this eps has been optimized on the hydrolysate (initial ph, 6.3; nh(4)cl amendment, 0.1%) so that crude yields approaching 9.83 g/liter were obtained. although this eps is polydisperse, its molecular mass as determined by gel exclusion chromatography centers at approximately 1,700 kda. so ...	1994	16349242
kinetics of colonization of adult queensland fruit flies (bactrocera tryoni) by dinitrogen-fixing alimentary tract bacteria.	the average total population of bacteria remained constant in the alimentary tracts of adult laboratory-raised queensland fruit flies (bactrocera tryoni) although the insects had ingested large numbers of live bacteria as part of their diet. the mean number of bacteria (about 13 million) present in the gut of the insects from 12 to 55 days after emergence was not significantly modified when, at 5 days after emergence, the flies were fed antibiotic-resistant bacteria belonging to two species comm ...	1994	16349328
interaction between antibiotics and antineoplastic drugs on antibacterial activity in-vitro - estramustine phosphate sensitizes pneumococci to amikacin.	the antibacterial and interactive effects of doxorubicin, cisplatin, cytarabine, vincristine, carmustine, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, dtic, mitomycin, etoposide and estramustine phosphate on the antibacterial activity of penicillin g, piperacillin, ceftazidime, imipenem, trimethoprim, amikacin, tetracyclin, oxacillin, metronidazole, 5-fc, and amphotericin b were studied on 57 bacterial strains. the bacterial species investigated were escherischia coli, stap ...	1994	21566943
postantibiotic effect, and postantibiotic effect of subinhibitory concentrations, of sparfloxacin on gram-negative bacteria.	the postantibiotic effect (pae), the postantibiotic sub-mic effect (pa sme), and the sub-mic effect (sme) of a new oral quinolone, sparfloxacin, were determined for different strains of gram-negative bacteria. a pae was induced by 10 x mic of sparfloxacin for 2 h and the antibiotic was then eliminated by washing and dilution. the pa sme was studied by adding different sub-mics during the postantibiotic phase, and the sme by exposing the controls to the sub-mics alone. growth curves were followed ...	1994	8306813
plasmid labeling confirms bacterial translocation in pancreatitis.	to examine whether the gut is a source of infection in acute pancreatitis, bacterial translocation and alterations of intestinal microecology and morphology were studied in 16 dogs. dogs were colonized with a strain of escherichia coli (e. coli 6938k) bearing the plasmid puc4k, which confers kanamycin resistance. in eight dogs (group i), pancreatitis was induced by sodium taurocholate/trypsin injection. eight other dogs (group ii) underwent laparotomy only. the pancreas, mesenteric lymph nodes, ...	1994	8311134
invasion of rabbit ileal tissue by enterobacter cloacae varies with the concentration of ompx in the outer membrane.	the outer membrane protein ompx of enterobacter cloacae shows high amino acid homology with virulence proteins pagc and rck from salmonella typhimurium and with ail from yersinia enterocolitica. here we demonstrate a role for ompx in the invasion of rabbit ileal tissue by e. cloacae. an organ culture system was used for maintenance of rabbit gut tissue during the experiments. the invasiveness of three e. cloacae strains, which differed in ompx content, were compared with each other and with that ...	1994	7927747
[antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria in intensive care units in switzerland].	the sensitivity to the major antimicrobial agents of consecutively isolated gram-negative rods in intensive care units in switzerland was investigated. a majority of strains originated from clinical specimens where infection or colonization could not be distinguished from each other. a total of 1024 isolates from 482 patients were tested by a standardized microtiter method. of the beta-lactam antibiotics, imipenem (92% of bacteria sensitive), ceftazidime (90%), and aztreonam (85%) showed the gre ...	1994	7939535
antimicrobial activity of cefepime tested against bush group i beta-lactamase-producing strains resistant to ceftazidime. a multilaboratory national and international clinical isolate study.	the potency of cefepime, a parenteral aminothiazolyl methoxyimino cephalosporin, was assessed against 256 ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli from five medical centers in the united states. in addition, cefepime activity was compared with that of ciprofloxacin and imipenem against 506 ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli collected during an 11-medical-center international study. all us clinical isolates were susceptible (< or = 8 micrograms/ml) to cefepime except enterobacter cloa ...	1994	7956010
in vitro activity of cefpirome against beta-lactamase-inducible and stably derepressed enterobacteriaceae.	most members of the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa possess an inducible chromosomal class i beta-lactamase. bacterial strains which produce high levels of beta-lactamase constitutively can be isolated from infections; these derepressed mutants are responsible for resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and ureidopenicillins. minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefpirome, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, and other beta-lactam antibiotics were determined for a series of mut ...	1994	7956454
pcr based fingerprinting of enterobacter cloacae.	an outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection with enterobacter cloacae occurred in an intensive care unit in a university teaching hospital. random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to assist in the investigation of the outbreak. the technique was readily applied to this organism and permitted differentiation between strains which had identical biochemical profiles and antibiograms. the versatility of this technique makes it attractive for use in hospitals where fingerprinting ...	1994	7963464
kinetic and physical studies of beta-lactamase inhibition by a novel penem, brl 42715.	the interactions of staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus i, tem, klebsiella pneumoniae k1 and enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamases with the novel penem inhibitor brl 42715 were investigated kinetically and, in some cases, by electrospray mass spectrometry (e.s.m.s.). all the beta-lactamases were rapidly inactivated by brl 42715, with second-order rate constants ranging from 0.17 to 6.4 microm-1.s-1. the initial stoichiometry of beta-lactamase inhibition was essentially 1:1, with the except ...	1994	7980451
resistance of bacterial strains to dry conditions: use of anhydrous silica gel in a desiccation model system.	the viability of 18 bacterial strains desiccated on anhydrous silica gel and stored at a temperature of 22 degrees c for at least 3 months was determined. according to their stability in the dried state, these strains could be classified into three typical groups. group 1, containing gram-positive strains and salmonella serotypes, was marked by a very slow decrease of the concentration of culturable cells from day 14 on (respectively day 21 for salmonella thompson). the rate of decrease expresse ...	1994	7989258
survival of allochthonous bacteria in still mineral water bottled in polyvinyl chloride (pvc) and glass.	the mortality of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on the culturability of these bacteria, was assessed in non-carbonated mineral water, bottled in polyvinyl chloride (pvc) containing the indigenous flora, sterile mineral water bottled in pvc, sterile mineral water in glass containers, and sterile tap water in glass containers. there was a general decrease in the culturability of these organisms in the four test waters, except that ps ...	1994	7989260
[clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone for infections during the chemotherapy of hematologic malignancy].	in 28 patients with hematologic malignancy, the clinical effect and the safety of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) were studied on 45 episodes during granulocytopenic stage after antineoplastic chemotherapy. the overall efficacy rate obtained with sbt/cpz in combination with other drugs was 62%. the rates for sepsis, suspected sepsis and pneumonia were 67%, 94% and 38%, respectively. the efficacy in those cases that showed granulocyte count less than 300/microliters during the course of administ ...	1994	7990260
investigation of synergism with combinations of dibromopropamidine isethionate or propamidine isethionate and polymyxin b.	combinations of polymyxin b and dibromopropamidine isethionate exhibited synergistic inhibitory and bactericidal activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. similar results were obtained with polymyxin b plus propamidine combinations except that propamidine was not as active as dibromopropamidine and the combination of polymyxin b plus propamidine against s. aureus only had additive activity. the antibacterial agen ...	1994	7996383
detection of the covalent intermediate of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase by solution-state and time-resolved solid-state nmr spectroscopy.	uridine diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-nag) enolpyruvyl transferase from enterobacter cloacae catalyzes the transfer of an enolpyruvyl moiety from phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to the 3-hydroxyl of udp-nag to form enolpyruvyl udp-nag and inorganic phosphate. indirect evidence for the involvement of a covalent intermediate, in which the c-2 of o-phosphothioketal moiety is attached to cys-115, in the reaction catalyzed by udp-nag enolpyruvyl transferase has been reported by wanke and amrhein [wa ...	1994	7999765
the energy dependence of detergent resistance in enterobacter cloacae: a likely requirement for atp rather than a proton gradient or a membrane potential.	the enteric bacterium enterobacter cloacae was grown both aerobically and anaerobically in the presence of up to 1% of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). a continuous energy supply was necessary to maintain cell integrity and cells grown in sds (0.1-1%) lysed during carbon-limited stationary phase. the respiratory inhibitor kcn (3 mm) caused rapid lysis when added to aerobic, log phase, sds-containing cultures growing on glucose as the carbon source. however, when the sds (0.5%) ...	1994	8012906
resistance characteristics of blood culture isolates of enterobacter cloacae with special reference to beta-lactamases and relation to preceding antimicrobial therapy.	resistance characteristics of 53 blood culture isolates of e. cloacae were examined and correlated with antimicrobial treatment preceding bacteraemia. resistance patterns of 22 antimicrobial agents, presence of resistant mutants, and inducibility of beta-lactamase were investigated; furthermore, population analysis and investigation of beta-lactamase production of selected isolates were performed. thirty-two isolates (60%) were resistant to cephalothin and/or cefoxitin and/or ampicillin, and 14 ...	1994	8024737
evaluation of rapid one system for identification of 379 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters.	the ability of the rapid one system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., norcross, ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods was evaluated. kits were inoculated with no. 2 mcfarland standard suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after 4 h of incubation at 35 degrees c. overall, the method correctly identified (to the species level or to the genus level for salmonellas and non-shigella sonnei shigella species) ...	1994	8027345
comparative serum bactericidal activities of three doses of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously.	the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities of three intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin were studied comparatively in 30 patients. single 200-, 300-, and 400-mg intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin were given over 30 min to 10 patients each, and serum samples were obtained at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 h after the start of the infusion. serum drug concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using noncompartmental an ...	1994	8031055
comparative in-vitro activity of biapenem against enterobacteria with beta-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance.	the effects of enterobacterial beta-lactamases were studied for biapenem (l627), a new carbapenem. susceptibility tests were performed for isogenic mutant series of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris which varied only in chromosomal beta-lactamase expression. beta-lactamase-derepressed organisms in these series were as susceptible as beta-lactamase-inducible strains to biapenem; beta-lactamase-basal mutants were up to eight-f ...	1994	8040111
[antibacterial activity of aztreonam against clinical isolates].	to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam (azt), mics of azt and other antibiotics against clinical isolates collected at 36 participating institutions after january 1992 were determined using the agar plate dilution method (size of inoculum, 10(6) cfu/ml) according to the japan society of chemotherapy standard. the antibiotics that were tested along with azt included piperacillin (pipc), cefoperazone (cpz), and amikacin (amk). azt was found to be more active a ...	1994	8051793
analysis of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae and of its lysr-type regulatory protein.	carbapenems such as imipenem are extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics, which are not hydrolyzed by the beta-lactamases commonly found in enterobacteriaceae. here we report a gene encoding a carbapenemase, which was cloned from the chromosome of a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, strain nor-1, into pacyc184 plasmid in escherichia coli. unlike all the sequenced carbapenemases, which are class b metallo-beta-lactamases, the mature protein (nmca) is a class a serine beta-lactamase. nmc ...	1994	8052644
the oral prevalence of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and yeasts in hong kong chinese.	saline oral rinse samples were obtained from 300 community-dwelling hong kong chinese attending an outpatient dental clinic to determine the oral prevalence of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods (agnr) and yeasts. the oral prevalence of agnr was 41.7%. enterobacteriaceae species comprised 73% of all agnr isolated, with an overall prevalence of 32%. there was no difference in prevalence between females (n = 190) and males (n = 110). morning samples (n = 154) yielded a signific ...	1994	8067914
combination effect of clindamycin with ceftazidime and cefoperazone in inducing filamentous growth of enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.		1994	8071132
the in vitro activity of fce 22101 against gram-negative aerobic isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins.	the in vitro activity of fce 22101 against 97 gram-negative aerobic nosocomial isolates was compared with that of ceftriaxone using the agar dilution method. thirty-four (79%) of the 43 ceftriaxone resistant (mic > 16 mg/l) isolates were found to be fce 22101 susceptible (mic < or = 8 mg/l), while of the ceftriaxone susceptible isolates, only seven enterobacter cloacae and one serratia spp strain were fce 22101 resistant. the new penem may offer an alternative for treating nosocomial infections ...	1994	8077992
assessment of bacterial cross-transmission as a cause of infections in patients in intensive care units.	the prevalence of possible cross-transmission of selected bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococci) among infected patients was evaluated in five intensive care units (icus) over 6 months. a total of 284 isolates from clinical specimens were typed by plasmid profile analysis (e. coli, k. pneumoniae, and e. cloacae), restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna (s. aureus), and/or pulse-field gel el ...	1994	8086555
cloning and sequence analysis of the gene for a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sme-1, from serratia marcescens s6.	serratia marcescens s6 produces a pi 9.7 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase that is probably encoded by the chromosome (y. yang, p. wu, and d. m. livermore, antimicrob. agents chemother. 34:755-758, 1990). a total of 11.3 kb of genomic dna from this strain was cloned into plasmid pacyc184 in escherichia coli. after further subclonings, the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase gene (blasme-1) was sequenced (embl accession number z28968). the gene corresponded to an 882-bp open reading frame w ...	1994	8092824
[bacteria-reducing properties of copper-containing and non-copper-containing materials. ii. relationship between microbiocide effect of copper-containing materials and copper ion concentration after contamination with moist and dry hands].	the bactericide quality of different materials containing copper (copper, brass, brass-sheet) was tested and particularly the effect of humidity and copper-concentration was examined. in first examinations (i. communication) (19) the materials were contaminated by hands, which were dipped into a suspension of different microorganisms (micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa). the survival rate of the microorg ...	1994	7916880
synthesis and characterization of monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates.	beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae (beta l) was conjugated to the fab'2 fragment of the monoclonal antibody l6 through a thioether linkage. although l6-fab'2-beta l was capable of activating the antitumor prodrug, 7-(phenylacetamido)cephalosporin mustard, it was impaired in its ability to bind to antigens on the h2981 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. as a result, studies were undertaken to prepare conjugates with preserved binding activities. l6-fab'-beta l and a dimeric conjugate cons ...	1994	7918745
inhibitory effect of clindamycin on production of beta-lactamase in beta-lactam-resistant bacteria.	the inhibitory effect of clindamycin on beta-lactamase biosynthesis was investigated in beta-lactam resistant bacteria with inducible and/or constitutive production of the enzyme(s). clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae (e. cloacae) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (p. aeruginosa) were examined. three strains of each, against which sulbactam at 8 micrograms/ml reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of cefoperazone (cpz) at least 4 fold, were studied in greater detail. although clindam ...	1994	7920440
high yield, site-specific coupling of n-terminally modified beta-lactamase to a proteolytically derived single-sulfhydryl murine fab'.	the preparation of bispecific protein conjugates capable of performing diverse biological functions is an area of active investigation. such conjugates are routinely prepared using techniques which employ random derivatization of lysine residues, but the overall utility of these methods is limited due to poor yields and heterogeneous conjugates. in this report we describe the development of site-specific linkage methodology for the chemical synthesis of a homogeneous enzyme-antibody fab' conjuga ...	1994	7873667
antibacterial activity of sucralfate versus aluminum chloride in simulated gastric fluid.	studies have previously demonstrated that sucralfate possesses intrinsic antibacterial activity. this study was designed to indirectly assess whether aluminum is the active antibacterial component of sucralfate and to further evaluate factors that may influence this agent's antibacterial activity. utilizing an in vitro model, the antibacterial activity of sucralfate, an equivalent quantity of aluminum in the form of aluminum chloride, and a control were compared. in addition, the influences of b ...	1994	7889966
the spectrum of myositis and rhabdomyolysis associated with bacterial infection.	(1) to describe the clinical and radiographic features of 6 patients with myositis or rhabdomyolysis associated with bacterial infection. (2) to analyze the role of computed tomography (ct) in myositis associated with bacterial infection.	1994	7837162
improvement of outer membrane-permeabilizing and lipopolysaccharide-binding activities of an antimicrobial cationic peptide by c-terminal modification.	antimicrobial cationic peptides have been discovered in many different organisms and often possess a broad range of activity. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms of actions of melittin and two synthetic peptides, ceme (a cecropin-melittin hybrid) and cema, against gram-negative bacteria. cema was produced by recombinant dna procedures and is an analog of ceme with a modified c terminus resulting in two additional positive charges. all three peptides showed good antimicrobial activity a ...	1994	7840562
[enterobacteria in mineral, spring and table water].	whereas coliform bacteria rank first, non-coliform enterobacteria can be isolated second in frequency from bottled mineral, spring and table waters in south bavaria. escherichia coli were found in 8, coliforms in 44 and non-coliform enterobacteria in 41 of 54 manufactories with hygienic problems. 11 different bacterial species were determined from coliforms with enterobacter cloacae occurring most numerous in 19, citrobacter freundii in 12 and enterobacter amnigenus in 7 manufactories. from non- ...	1994	7841680
[ribosomal dna fingerprinting analysis of enterobacter cloacae isolated from an outbreak of nosocomial infection].	16s and 23s ribosomal dna (rdna) genes were amplified form e. coli, labelled with [alpha- 32p] datp by nick translation, and applied as conserved gene probes to detecting broad-spectrum rdna. rdna fingerprinting analysis of enterobacter cloacae (e. cloacae) isolated form an outbreak of nosocomial infection and other hospital environmental sources was conducted with digestion by different restrictive endonuclease, such as hind iii, ecori, bamhi, bgl i, et al. results showed rdna fingerprinting of ...	1994	7842891
in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics.	the aim of our study was to re-evaluate the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. the study drugs were cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, cefetamet, cefprozil, and the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (= augmentin). in addition, cefotaxime as the standard agent of parenteral third generation cephalosporins was examined. the organisms tested were staphylococcus aureus, s ...	1994	7843823
in vitro activity of cp-99,219, a novel 7-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl) naphthyridone antimicrobial.	the in vitro activity of cp-99,219 was compared with that of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against 814 clinical bacterial isolates using a microdilution method with brain-heart infusion broth. cp-99,219 was the most potent agent tested against methicillin-resistant, ciprofloxacin-susceptible staphylocci (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic]90 < or = 0.25 microgram/ml). cp-99,219 was 32-fold and fourfold more potent than ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, respectively, against streptococcus pneum ...	1994	7851087
clinical and bacteriological survey after change in aminoglycoside treatment to control an epidemic of enterobacter cloacae.	the effect of a change in the first line antibiotic treatment in a neonatal unit was studied. a total of 238 neonates (g1), admitted between 1 january and 31 july 1989, and treated with gentamicin, were compared with 398 (g2) admitted between 1 august 1989 and 31 july 1990 who received amikacin, in the combination of ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside. this change was implemented in an attempt to prevent the spread of an epidemic strain of enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephal ...	1994	7852735
[antibiotic sensitivity of gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections at nuhc of cotonou (benin) from march to december 1992].	eleven antibiotics were tested against 1,194 gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections at the national university hospital center at cotonou. among the betalactams tested, only cefotaxime remained active against most of the bacteria tested: 90% of the strains of escherichia coli and 75% of the strains of enterobacter cloacae were sensitive. ampicilline, on the other hand, had lost its activity even on strains which are usually the most susceptible. thirteen percent of the e. c ...	1994	7866038
potential of genes and gene products from trichoderma sp. and gliocladium sp. for the development of biological pesticides.	fungal cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the biocontrol fungi trichoderma harzianum and gliocladium virens are strong inhibitors of spore germination and hyphal elongation of a number of phytopathogenic fungi. the purified enzymes include chitinolytic enzymes with different modes of action or different substrate specificity and glucanolytic enzymes with exo-activity. a variety of synergistic interactions were found when different enzymes were combined or associated with biotic or abiotic a ...	1994	7866877
cefquinome (hr 111v). in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals.	cefquinome (formerly hr 111v), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from < or = 0.12-2 micrograms/ml with the highest mic (4 micrograms/ml) obtained among citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and providencia stuartii strains. a total ...	1994	7867299
[nosocomial colonization and infection by multiresistant enterobacter cloacae strains on a pediatric oncological unit].	a multiresistant e. cloacae strain spread during a six month period in a paediatric oncology ward amongst nine children, who had different tumors and malformations. three children who had shared a room were especially affected. e. cloacae was isolated 122 times from the children with tumors and five times from their environment. specimens from which the bacteria were isolated, included blood cultures, catheter tips, wound swabs, drains, skin and mucous membranes from most parts of the body. the ...	1994	7802900
increasing enterobacter bacteremia in pediatric patients.	thirty-two episodes of enterobacter bacteremia were identified in 30 patients at children's hospital of michigan between september, 1989, and november, 1992. fifty-six percent of the episodes were nosocomial. enterobacter accounted for 14% of all nosocomial bacteremias and was the most common gram-negative organism causing such infections. enterobacter cloacae was the most commonly isolated species (72%). twenty-nine (97%) patients had underlying risk factors for infection, including central ven ...	1994	7808847
[gentamycin resistant enterobacteriaceae at a neonatal care unit].	a case of septicaemia in a seven-day-old infant with a gentamicin-resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae prompted an epidemiological survey in a neonatal unit. another 18 patients harboured gentamicin-resistant enterobacteriaceae without symptoms. control of the outbreak was achieved by cohort nursing, strict hygiene and reduction of aminoglycoside consumption by 50%. efficiency of the measures was monitored by weekly faecal samples from all patients. all strains produced the aminoglycoside mo ...	1994	7810013
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic.	the antibacterial activity of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic, was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and cefteram. sy5555 was more active than the comparison agents against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, clostridium spp., and bacteroides fragilis. against providencia spp., proteus spp., and haemophi ...	1994	7811005
gene sequence and biochemical characterization of fox-1 from klebsiella pneumoniae, a new ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase with two molecular variants.	klebsiella pneumoniae ba32, a clinical isolate from buenos aires, argentina, was found to produce a plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase (fox-1) which conferred resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins. resistance could be transferred by conjugation or transformation into escherichia coli k-12 via a 48.5-kb plasmid (pglk1) that produced two fox-1 molecular variants with isoelectric points of 6.8 and 7.2 and apparent molecular sizes of 37 and 35 kda, respectively. the kinetic study r ...	1994	7811034
involvement of l-tryptophan aminotransferase in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in enterobacter cloacae.	l-tryptophan aminotransferase (l-tryptophan:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; ec 2.6.1.27) from enterobacter cloacae was purified 62-fold and characterized to determine its role in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. the enzyme reversibly catalyzed the transamination of l-tryptophan with 2-oxoglutarate as the amino acceptor to yield indole-3-pyruvic acid and l-glutamate, and the km values for l-tryptophan and indole-3-pyruvic acid were 3.3 mm and 24 microm, respectively. in the indole-3-acetaldehy ...	1994	7811697
physical characterisation of the escherichia coli b gene encoding nitroreductase and its over-expression in escherichia coli k12.	the escherichia coli b gene (nfnb) encoding nitroreductase has been cloned in escherichia coli k-12 and its nucleotide sequence determined. the translated amino acid sequence was found to share substantial identity (88.5%) with the equivalent proteins of enterobacter cloacae and salmonella typhimurium. when the structural gene was placed under the transcriptional control of either the trp or lac promoter, recombinant nitroreductase was accumulated to 33% and 25% of the cell's soluble protein, re ...	1994	7813889
suppressive effect of clindamycin on development of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacter cloacae atcc 23355.		1994	7814290
detection of resistance due to inducible beta-lactamase in enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae.	thirty-six of 36 strains of enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes with inducible beta-lactamase developed resistance when cefoxitin (inducer) was added to cefuroxime disks. constitutive beta-lactamase producers (n = 23) were all resistant to cefuroxime. cefuroxime resistance correlated with the amount of induced or constitutive beta-lactamase. cefuroxime was a better indicator of induced resistance than cefamandole, cefazolin, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ticarcillin with or without cla ...	1994	7814486
separation and quantification of murein and precursors from enterobacter cloacae after treatment with trimethoprim and sulphadiazine.	the intracellular concentrations of the soluble murein precursors udp-mur-nac-pentapeptide in the cytoplasm, the membrane-bound lipid precursor disaccharide pentapeptide and the muropeptides of enterobacter cloacae cultures treated with trimethoprim (12.5 micrograms ml-1) and sulphadiazine (250 micrograms ml-1) were determined by using capillary zone electrophoresis analysis. in the presence of trimethoprim, udp-mur-nac-pentapeptide as well as disaccharide pentapeptide accumulated. in the case o ...	1994	7815286
enterobacter cloacae causing pneumatocele in a neonate.	pneumatocele formation, a cyst-like rarefaction that develops within the lung parenchyma, is an unusual complication of pneumonia in the neonate. it has been reported to occur with staphlococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. we describe a case of a premature neonate with pneumonia and subsequent pneumatocele formation caused by enterobacter cloacae.	1994	7819699
genetics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.	bacteria have adapted to the introduction of aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and other oxyimino-beta-lactams by altering existing plasmid-mediated class a and class d beta-lactamases so as to expand their spectrum of activity. in the tem and shv families of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, relative activity toward oxyimino-substrates increases with the number of amino acid substitutions but at the price of lowered intrinsic efficiency, so that compensatory up-promoter events ar ...	1994	7821301
[fingerprinting with the polymerase chain reaction: confirmation of a enterobacter cloacae epidemic in a neonatal intensive care unit].	between end december 1993 and end january 1994 a cluster of children infected/colonized with enterobacter cloacae was seen in the neonatal intensive care unit of the university hospital nijmegen. the results of the epidemiological investigation are reported, which was aimed to differentiate between a random cluster of endogenously acquired enterobacter strains and those possibly acquired exogenously via cross-infection. 5 isolates of the 7 patients were available for fingerprinting using interre ...	1994	7821951
the pattern of respiratory infection in patients with lung cancer.	we examined retrospectively the pattern of respiratory infection in 579 patients with lung cancer admitted to nagasaki university hospital during the past 15 years. a total of 139 patients (24.0%) developed respiratory infection. the rates of pulmonary infection associated with large (36.2%) and small cell carcinomas (33.6%) were significantly higher than those with squamous cell carcinoma (26.0%) and adenocarcinoma (17.3%). advanced stages of lung cancer were associated with higher complication ...	1994	7825174
production of a plasmid mediated ampc-like beta-lactamase by a klebsiella pneumoniae septicaemia isolate.	a septicaemia klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from greece (ath1) was shown to be resistant to third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and cefoxitin and this resistance was not decreased in the presence of clavulanic acid. the gene coding for the resistance phenotype, associated with a beta-lactamase showing cephalosporinase activity and a pi of 8.6, could be transferred into escherichia coli k-12 by conjugation and transformation. dna-hybridisation showed that this gene was located on two diffe ...	1994	7730237
demonstration of the indolepyruvate decarboxylase gene homologue in different auxin-producing species of the enterobacteriaceae.	different enterobacteriaceae were assayed for their ability to produce the plant hormone indole-3-acetate with the aim to study the distribution of the indole-3-pyruvate pathway, which is known to be involved in the production of indole-3-acetate in a root-associated enterobacter cloacae strain. other e. cloacae strains, and also enterobacter agglomerans strains, pantoea agglomerans, klebsiella aerogenes, and klebsiella oxytoca were found to convert tryptophan into indole-3-acetate. as it was al ...	1994	7704833
comparative in-vitro activity of piperacillin-tazobactam against recent clinical isolates, a dutch national multicentre study.	in this dutch national survey piperacillin-tazobactam had a mic90 of < or = 8 mg/l for enterobacteriaceae (enterobacter cloacae excluded) and pseudomonas aeruginosa, 64 mg/l for e. cloacae, and 4 mg/l for acinetobacter spp. the corresponding mic90 values for piperacillin alone were < or = 256 mg/l, 256 mg/l, 16 mg/l and 32 mg/l. only 15 of 93 piperacillin-tazobactam resistant e. cloacae strains were sensitive for ceftazidime, whereas 41 of 93 ceftazidime-resistant e. cloacae were sensitive to pi ...	1994	7706173
development of resistance by enterobacter cloacae during therapy of pulmonary infections in intensive care patients.	the emergence of resistance during therapy and the efficacy of different antibiotic therapy regimens were studied in 38 intensive care patients suffering from pulmonary infections caused by enterobacter cloacae. every three days a fresh isolate was obtained from each patient and tested in vitro for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations. during therapy with cefotaxime and tobramycin the e. cloacae strains from 47% of the patients became resista ...	1994	7711407
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the beta-galactosidase gene from enterobacter cloacae gao.	the gene encoding a beta-galactosidase from enterobacter cloacae gao was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the insert of a positive clone had an open reading frame of 3084 bp that encoded a polypeptide of 1028 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 116,677 daltons. the amino acid sequence of beta-galactosidase deduced from the nucleotide sequence, especially the sequence around the putative active site and of the fourteen regions, showed signif ...	1994	7765512
[preliminary considerations in a semiquantitative microbiological study in catheter-related infection].	in the interval september 1993-april 1994, 38 catheters from children admitted to the children's hospital of iaşi were examined microscopically and by semiquantitative culture, in the children with sepsis and/or positive catheters hemocultures being performed concurrently. twenty eight of these catheters proved to be sterile, the other 10 being positive to coagulase-negative staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli from klebsiella-enterobacter group, candida species, the number of colonies/plate var ...	1994	7772895
nosocomial septicaemia due to enterobacter cloacae.		1994	7516785
in vitro activity of sce-2787, a new cephalosporin with potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	the in vitro activity of sce-2787, 7-[(z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3- yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-(1-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinium)methy l-3- cephem-4-carboxylate, was compared with those of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and imipenem against recent clinical isolates. sce-2787 inhibited 50% of tested isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae at < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml. sce-2787 was equally active as or more active than ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against members of the enterobacteriaceae, with t ...	1994	7695279
[staghorn renal lithiasis treated with shock waves. bacteriologic aspects].	struvite renal stones are caused by infection of the urine with bacteria that synthesize the enzyme urease. ammonium is released by the breakdown of urea by urease, the urine becomes highly alkaline, and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbonate apatite crystallize. incorporation of the infecting bacteria within the developing stone, results in a focus of infection that is resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy, and which is manifested clinically by repeated urinary tract in ...	1994	7658975
antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin from bacteria in vitro.	the ability of cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin and tobramycin to cause release of endotoxin was examined in vitro with cultures of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli. endotoxin was measured by a quantitative limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and its presence was confirmed by silver staining of the lipopolysaccharide moiety following sds-page. the morphology of the bacteria during antibiotic exposure was examined by scanning electronmicroscopy. cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and piperacil ...	1994	8289210
bacteremia due to transplantation of contaminated cryopreserved pancreatic islets.	to report two cases of pancreatic islet transplantation-related septicemia, and the results of an investigative protocol to identify potential sources of contamination.	1994	8162286
induction of cecropin-like and attacin-like antibacterial but not antiviral activity in heliothis virescens larvae.	inducible cecropin-like and attacin-like proteins were isolated from immune hemolymph obtained from vaccinated heliothis virescens larvae. the attacin-like protein had a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 daltons and was not dialyzable. the cecropin-like peptide had an estimated molecular weight of 6,000-7,000 daltons and was dialyzable, heat-stable and sensitive to trypsin digestion. the cecropin-like peptide showed bactericidal activity against escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae, ...	1994	8166704
photochemical inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in human platelet concentrates.	platelet concentrates (pc) may be infrequently contaminated with low levels of bacteria that can cause septicemia and death in patients receiving transfusion therapy. we evaluated the efficacy of a photochemical decontamination (pcd) technique using 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop) and long wavelength uv light (uva) to inactivate bacteria in standard therapeutic pc. twelve phylogenetically distinct pathogenic bacteria, 5 gram-positive and 7 gram-negative organisms, were seeded into pc to a final challe ...	1994	8167348
role of residue lys315 in the mechanism of action of the enterobacter cloacae 908r beta-lactamase.	the role of the highly conserved lys315 residue in the catalytic mechanism of a class c beta-lactamase has been probed by site-directed mutagenesis. lys315 has been replaced by a histidine in the enterobacter cloacae 908r beta-lactamase, thus introducing a tritratable group to probe the role of the positive charge, and by a glutamine. the effects of these mutations have been studied on the kinetics of penicillin g and cephalothin turnover and on the pre-steady-state kinetics with carbenicillin a ...	1994	8172894
[nationwide survey on susceptibilities of clinical isolates from urinary tract to antimicrobial agents in japan, 1991].	this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of urinary tract isolates to antimicrobial agents examined at 123 hospital laboratories in japan from september to december in 1991. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory. the susceptibility testing was performed according to the disk diffusion method recommended by national committee for clinical laboratory standards. mrsa showed high resistance rates to all agents tested except to mi ...	1994	8182896
antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates in south sweden including a 13-year follow-up study of some respiratory tract pathogens.	the antibiotic susceptibility of consecutive isolates of the upper respiratory tract pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus, (100 strains of each species collected each year during march through april 1985, 1988 and 1992) to penicillin v, amoxycillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, doxycycline, erythromycin, and cotrimoxazole was investigated by mic determination on pdm and pdm ii agar. the mics of the upper r ...	1994	8185890
rapid emergence of quinolone resistance in cirrhotic patients treated with norfloxacin to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.	we carried out quantitative culturing of stools from 31 hospitalized alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and ascites, before treatment with 400 mg of norfloxacin per day, weekly for the first month, and then every 2 weeks thereafter for 15 to 229 days (median, 54 days). members of the family enterobacteriaceae virtually disappeared from the stools (< 10(2)/g), but treatment had little effect on enterococci. no selection of resistant organisms occurred in 15 patients, but the remaining 16 patients ...	1994	8192461
arbitrarily primed pcr, ribotyping, and plasmid pattern analysis applied to investigation of a nosocomial outbreak due to enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit.	in december 1992, enterobacter cloacae was isolated from the oropharynx and respiratory tract of six ventilated neonates hospitalized in the intensive care unit (icu) of our hospital. to establish the spread of the outbreak, 41 strains of e. cloacae were analyzed for genotypic markers by three methods: plasmid profile analysis, ribotyping with ecori or pvuii endonuclease, and arbitrarily primed (ap) pcr. the tested strains included 12 isolates from the 6 epidemic cases, 4 isolates from the respi ...	1994	8195364
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an azospirillum brasilense indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase gene.	azospirillum brasilense isolated from the rhizosphere of different plants has the ability to excrete indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) into the culture media. cosmid p0.2, isolated from an a. brasilense sp245 genome library in plafr1, complements the tn5-induced mutant spm7918 of a. brasilense sp6 which excretes reduced amounts of iaa. restriction mapping and gene expression studies identified a bglii-ecori 4.3 kb fragment of p0.2 sufficient for the restoration of high levels of iaa production in mutan ...	1994	8202090
crystallographic structure of a phosphonate derivative of the enterobacter cloacae p99 cephalosporinase: mechanistic interpretation of a beta-lactamase transition-state analog.	the crystal structure of a complex formed on reaction of the enterobacter cloacae p99 cephalosporinase (beta-lactamase) with a phosphonate monoester inhibitor, m-carboxyphenyl [[n-[(p-iodophenyl)acetyl]amino]methyl]phosphonate, has been obtained at 2.3-a resolution. the structure shows that the inhibitor has phosphonylated the active site serine (ser64) with loss of the m-carboxyphenol leaving group. the inhibitor is positioned in the active site in a way that can be interpreted in terms of a tr ...	1994	8204611
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin.	in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime and flomoxef. the advantages of in vitro activity of fk037 were as follows: (1) a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, (2) the most potent activity (mic90: 25 micrograms/ml) of the cephalosporins tested against highly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (h-mrsa), (3) a strong activity against enterobacter spp. and citrobacter freundii resistant to t ...	1994	8205935
identification of the gene encoding the major nad(p)h-flavin oxidoreductase of the bioluminescent bacterium vibrio fischeri atcc 7744.	the gene encoding the major nad(p)h-flavin oxidoreductase (flavin reductase) of the luminous bacterium vibrio fischeri atcc 7744 was isolated by using synthetic oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme. nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that the major flavin reductase of v. fischeri consisted of 218 amino acids and had a calculated molecular weight of 24,562. cloned flavin reductase expressed in escherichia coli was purified virtually to homog ...	1994	8206830
the tryptophan repressor sequence is highly conserved among the enterobacteriaceae.	tryptophan biosynthesis in escherichia coli is regulated by the product of the trpr gene, the tryptophan (trp) repressor. trp aporepressor binds the corepressor, l-tryptophan, to form a holorepressor complex, which binds trp operator dna tightly, and inhibits transcription of the tryptophan biosynthetic operon. the conservation of trp operator sequences among enteric gram-negative bacteria suggests that trpr genes from other bacterial species can be cloned by complementation in e. coli. to clone ...	1994	8208606
electric fields induce curved growth of enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, and bacillus subtilis cells: implications for mechanisms of galvanotropism and bacterial growth.	directional growth in response to electric fields (galvanotropism) is known for eukaryotic cells as diverse as fibroblasts, neurons, algae, and fungal hyphae. the mechanism is not understood, but all proposals invoke actin either directly or indirectly. we applied electric fields to bacteria (which are inherently free of actin) to determine whether actin was essential for galvanotropism. field-treated (but not control) enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli cells curved rapidly toward the ano ...	1994	8300526
differentiation of distribution systems, source water, and clinical coliforms by dna analysis.	during a 2-week period, enterobacter cloacae was isolated from throughout the water distribution system in new haven county, connecticut. there was no forewarning of this event and no apparent reasons for it. several epidemiologic and public health questions required rapid answers. were these e. cloacae isolates the result of treatment failure and breakthrough or was regrowth occurring within the system? did the e. cloacae isolates represent a health threat and were they causing infection? pulse ...	1994	8126169
cytotoxic and antibacterial labdane-type diterpenes from the aerial parts of cistus incanus subsp. creticus.	seven labdane-type diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of cistus incanus subsp. creticus; their structures were established by spectroscopic means. all compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxicity against three cell line systems: kb, p-388; and nsclc-n6. their antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosae, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, torulopsis glabrata, sacc ...	1994	8134413
catheter related bacterial infections mimic reactions to exogenous pyrogens during hemodialysis.	pyrogenic reactions are characterized by fever, chills, hypotension, or a combination of these developing during or shortly after hemodialysis in a previously asymptomatic patient. the temporal association with treatment implicates exposure of the patient's blood to bacterial pyrogens from contaminated dialysate or a reused dialyzer. routine body temperature monitoring is recommended to detect these exposures. the current study was prompted by the appearance of several symptomatic febrile episod ...	1994	8555599
[bacterial resistance to antibiotics in the czech republic. the working group for monitoring resistance in the czech republic].	in 1991 the authors made an investigation on the resistance of clinically important bacteria. seventeen antibiotic centres in the czech republic participated in the investigation. the resistance to antibiotics of 32,567 strains of twelve bacterial species isolated from hospitalized patients depends on 1. the type of bacteria and antibiotics, 2. the source (specimen of pathological material) and 3. the locality (hospital). the resistance of staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin with the exception of ...	1994	8111828