Publications

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[study of ectoparasitism of ultramicrobacteria of the genus kaistia, strains nf1 and nf3 by electron and fluorescence microscopy].transmission electron and fluorescence microscopy was used to study the character of the interaction of free-living ultramicrobacterial (umb) strains nf1 and nf3, affiliated with the genus kaistia, and seven species of gram-positive and gram-negative heterotrophic bacteria. strains nf1 and nf3 were found to exhibit parasitic activity against gram-positive bacillus subtilis and gram-negative acidovorax delafildii. umb cells are tightly attached to the envelopes of the victim cells and induce thei ...200818365722
functional diversity and electron donor dependence of microbial populations capable of u(vi) reduction in radionuclide-contaminated subsurface sediments.in order to elucidate the potential mechanisms of u(vi) reduction for the optimization of bioremediation strategies, the structure-function relationships of microbial communities were investigated in microcosms of subsurface materials cocontaminated with radionuclides and nitrate. a polyphasic approach was used to assess the functional diversity of microbial populations likely to catalyze electron flow under conditions proposed for in situ uranium bioremediation. the addition of ethanol and gluc ...200818378664
characterization of the rnd-type multidrug efflux pump mexab-oprm of the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae.in gram-negative bacteria, transporters belonging to the rnd family are the transporters most relevant for resistance to antimicrobial compounds. in pseudomonas aeruginosa, a clinically important pathogen, the rnd-type pump mexab-oprm has been recognized as one of the major multidrug efflux systems. here, homologues of mexab-oprm in the plant pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448a, p. syringae pv. syringae b728a, and p. syringae pv. tomato dc3000 were identified, and mexab-oprm-de ...200818390672
growth-inhibitory effects of sulfonamides at different ph: dissimilar susceptibility patterns of a soil bacterium and a test bacterium used for antibiotic assays.the ionic speciation of sulfonamides is ph-driven and this may be crucial for their bioavailability and sorption to soil constituents, as well as for their uptake into bacterial cells. the inhibition behaviour of a bacterial test strain (pseudomonas aeruginosa; dsm 1117), which was grown in the presence of different concentrations of 8 sulfonamides at ph values from 5 to 8, could be predicted by models that take the speciation of sulfonamides in- and outside of bacterial cells into account. assu ...200818396316
dgge and real-time pcr analysis of lactic acid bacteria in bacterial communities of the phyllosphere of lettuce.food associated indigenous microbial communities exert antagonistic effects on pathogens and may routinely deliver health relevant microorganisms to the gi tract. by using molecular, culture independent methods including pcr-dgge of 16s rdna-coding regions and real-time pcr (rt-pcr) as well as biolog metabolic fingerprinting, microbial communities on lettuce were analyzed in samples from fields, from supermarkets and soil. amplified 16s rrna gene sequences (57.7%) could be assigned to species pr ...200818398868
pcr-dgge assessment of the bacterial diversity of breast milk in women with lactational infectious mastitis.infectious mastitis is a common condition during lactation and in fact, represents one of the main causes leading to a precocious weaning. the number of studies dealing with lactational mastitis is low and, up to now, the etiological diagnosis is frequently made on the basis of unspecific clinical signs. the aim of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity of breast milk in 20 women with lactational mastitis employing culture-dependent and culture-independent (pcr-dgge) approaches.200818423017
a genomic islet mediates flagellar phase variation in escherichia coli strains carrying the flagellin-specifying locus flk.the occurrence of unilateral flagellar phase variation was previously demonstrated in escherichia coli strains carrying the non-flic flagellin-specifying locus flk. in this study, we investigated the mechanism involved in this process. by using sequencing and sequence analysis, the flk region between the chromosomal genes yhac and rnpb was characterized in all described flk-positive e. coli strains, including the h35 strain identified in this study (the other strains used are h3, h36, h47, and h ...200818441064
comparative genome analysis of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus fermentum reveal a genomic island for reuterin and cobalamin production.lactobacillus reuteri is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium that naturally inhabits the gut of humans and other animals. the probiotic effects of l. reuteri have been proposed to be largely associated with the production of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound reuterin during anaerobic metabolism of glycerol. we determined the complete genome sequences of the reuterin-producing l. reuteri jcm 1112(t) and its closely related species lactobacillus fermentum ifo 3956. both are in the s ...200818487258
direct comparison of the bd phoenix system with the microscan walkaway system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative gram-negative organisms.the phoenix automated microbiology system (bd diagnostics, sparks, md) is designed for the rapid identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of clinically significant human bacterial pathogens. we evaluated the performance of the phoenix instrument in comparison with that of the microscan walkaway system (dade behring, west sacramento, ca) in the id and ast of gram-negative clinical strains and challenge isolates of enterobacteriaceae (n = 150) and nonfermentative gram-neg ...200818495856
the exopolysaccharide of rhizobium sp. yas34 is not necessary for biofilm formation on arabidopsis thaliana and brassica napus roots but contributes to root colonization.microbial exopolysaccharides (epss) play key roles in plant-microbe interactions, such as biofilm formation on plant roots and legume nodulation by rhizobia. here, we focused on the function of an eps produced by rhizobium sp. yas34 in the colonization and biofilm formation on non-legume plant roots (arabidopsis thaliana and brassica napus). using random transposon mutagenesis, we isolated an eps-deficient mutant of strain yas34 impaired in a glycosyltransferase gene (gta). wild type and mutant ...200818507672
microbiological implications of periurban agriculture and water reuse in mexico city.recycled treated or untreated wastewater represents an important health challenge in developing countries due to potential water related microbiological exposure. our aim was to assess water quality and health implications in a mexico city periurban agricultural area.200818509453
evaluation of reuterin production in urogenital probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14.classified as a distinct species in 1980, lactobacillus reuteri strains have been used in probiotic formulations for intestinal and urogenital applications. in the former, the primary mechanism of action of l. reuteri sd2112 (atcc 55730) has been purported to be its ability to produce the antibiotic 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa), also known as reuterin. in the vagina, it has been postulated that probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 does not require reuterin production but mediates a restorat ...200818539802
pantoea agglomerans: an unusual inciting agent in peritonitis. 200818556394
antimicrobial activity of dc-159a, a new fluoroquinolone, against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates.the activity of dc-159a, a novel orally administered fluorinated quinolone, was evaluated by reference broth microdilution or agar dilution methods against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates from five continents. against pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (ca-rtis), the mic(90)s were 0.12 microg/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml for haemophilus influenzae, 0.03 microg/ml for moraxella catarrhalis, and 0.12 microg/ml for beta-h ...200818573936
in vitro study of pro-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties of microvesicles from bacterial cell wall of pantoea agglomerans.in the environment, gram-negative bacteria are capable of producing large amounts of endotoxin-containing microvesicles - spherical structures measuring 30-50 nm in diameter, emerging by fragmentation of the outer membrane of the bacterial cell wall. microvesicles are suspected of inducing inflammatory lung diseases, but possibly also of stimulating anti-tumour defence mechanisms. the present study was aimed at assessing the pro-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties of microvesicles in vitro. ...200818581995
transcriptome analysis of a phenol-producing pseudomonas putida s12 construct: genetic and physiological basis for improved production.the unknown genetic basis for improved phenol production by a recombinant pseudomonas putida s12 derivative bearing the tpl (tyrosine-phenol lyase) gene was investigated via comparative transcriptomics, nucleotide sequence analysis, and targeted gene disruption. we show upregulation of tyrosine biosynthetic genes and possibly decreased biosynthesis of tryptophan caused by a mutation in the trpe gene as the genetic basis for the enhanced phenol production. in addition, several genes in degradatio ...200817993537
transcriptome analysis of a phenol-producing pseudomonas putida s12 construct: genetic and physiological basis for improved production.the unknown genetic basis for improved phenol production by a recombinant pseudomonas putida s12 derivative bearing the tpl (tyrosine-phenol lyase) gene was investigated via comparative transcriptomics, nucleotide sequence analysis, and targeted gene disruption. we show upregulation of tyrosine biosynthetic genes and possibly decreased biosynthesis of tryptophan caused by a mutation in the trpe gene as the genetic basis for the enhanced phenol production. in addition, several genes in degradatio ...200817993537
onion thrips, thrips tabaci, have gut bacteria that are closely related to the symbionts of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis.it has been shown that many insects have enterobacteriaceae bacteria in their gut system. the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande [thysanoptera: thripidae], has a symbiotic relation with erwinia species gut bacteria. to determine if other thripidae species have similar bacterial symbionts, the onion thrips, thrips tabaci, was studied because, like f. occidentalis, it is phytophagous. contrary to f. occidentalis, t. tabaci is endemic in europe and biotypes have been describ ...200820298113
assessment of genetic and functional diversity of phosphate solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from rhizospheric soil.phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for the growth of plants. however, in most soils a large portion of phosphorus becomes insoluble and therefore, unavailable to plants. knowledge on biodiversity of phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonads is essential to understand their ecological role and their utilization in sustainable agriculture.200819099598
bioactive and structural metabolites of pseudomonas and burkholderia species causal agents of cultivated mushrooms diseases.pseudomonas tolaasii, p. reactans and burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola, are responsible of diseases on some species of cultivated mushrooms. the main bioactive metabolites produced by both pseudomonas strains are the lipodepsipeptides (ldps) tolaasin i and ii and the so called white line inducing principle (wlip), respectively, ldps which have been extensively studied for their role in the disease process and for their biological properties. in particular, their antimicrobial activity and t ...200819787100
evaluation of sample preparation methods for the isolation of salmonella from alfalfa and mung bean seeds with the bacteriological analytical manual's salmonella culture method.five pre-enrichment methods were evaluated for effectiveness with the u.s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual salmonella culture method in recovering s. stanley, s. poona, and s. muenchen from artificially contaminated alfalfa seeds, and s. saintpaul, s. anatum, and s. infantis from artificially contaminated mung bean seeds. the methods included: (1) soak.--test portions were inoculated into pre-enrichment media; (2) rinse.--test portions were rinsed with pre-enrich ...200818980122
reduced diversity and increased virulence-gene carriage in intestinal enterobacteria of coeliac children.coeliac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathology triggered by the ingestion of cereal gluten proteins. this disorder is associated with imbalances in the composition of the gut microbiota that could be involved in its pathogenesis. the aim of the present study was to determine whether intestinal enterobacteriaceae populations of active and non-active coeliac patients and healthy children differ in diversity and virulence-gene carriage, so as to establish a possible link between the pathogen ...200818983674
carotenoids' influence on radiotolerance of pantoea agglomerans, a plant pathogen.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on the carotenoid content of two strains of the enterobacteriaceae: pantoea agglomerans.200819552787
occupational exposure to organic dust, microorganisms, endotoxin and peptidoglycan among plants processing workers in poland.the objective of present work was to determine and compare the components of bioaerosol in several sectors of plant processing industries. the study was conducted in 10 facilities engaged in herb and grain processing, flax threshing, grain storing, baking, and cereals production. the air samples were taken on glass fibre filters with an as-50 sampler. we determined the concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust, endotoxin and peptidoglycan. total concentrations of viable airborne microorgan ...200919572487
a novel inhalation challenge set to study animal model of allergic alveolitis.a novel inhalation challenge set for the study of experimental allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) in mice was designed. a finely dispersed aerosol of allergenic extract generated by the commercial ultrasonic nebulizer "tajfun mu1" (produced by medbryt, warsaw, poland) was transported to the airtight inhalation chamber. in the chamber were placed 15 perforated containers made of transparent plastic, each containing one mouse. they were coupled in 3 units, each consisted of 5 conta ...200919572490
production of l-dopa and dopamine in recombinant bacteria bearing the vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene.given the well-established beneficial effects of vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) on heterologous organisms, the potential of this protein for the production of l-dopa and dopamine in two bacteria, citrobacter freundii and erwinia herbicola, was investigated. the constructed recombinants bearing the vhb gene (vgb(+)) had substantially higher levels of cytoplasmic l-dopa (112 mg/l for c. freundii and 97 mg/l for e. herbicola) than their respective hosts (30.4 and 33.8 mg/l) and the vgb(-) control st ...200919585534
enhancement of carotenoid biosynthesis in transplastomic tomatoes by induced lycopene-to-provitamin a conversion.carotenoids are essential pigments of the photosynthetic apparatus and an indispensable component of the human diet. in addition to being potent antioxidants, they also provide the vitamin a precursor beta-carotene. in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) fruits, carotenoids accumulate in specialized plastids, the chromoplasts. how the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway is regulated and what limits total carotenoid accumulation in fruit chromoplasts is not well understood. here, we have introduced the lyc ...200919587100
pantoea vagans sp. nov., pantoea eucalypti sp. nov., pantoea deleyi sp. nov. and pantoea anthophila sp. nov.bacteria isolated from eucalyptus leaves and shoots showing symptoms of blight and die-back collected in uganda, uruguay and argentina and from maize displaying brown stalk rot symptoms in south africa were tentatively placed in the genus pantoea on the basis of phenotypic and biochemical tests. these isolates, together with two strains (lmg 2558 and lmg 2560) previously assigned to pantoea agglomerans based on protein electrophoregrams but later excluded from this species, were further investig ...200919620357
potential for nezara viridula (hemiptera: pentatomidae) to transmit bacterial and fungal pathogens into cotton bolls.recently, we showed that the southern green stink bug (sgsb), nezara viridula (l.), can transmit pantoea agglomerans (ewing and fife), an opportunistic bacterium, into green cotton bolls resulting in plant disease. here, we hypothesized that our established model could be used to determine if the sgsb was a general, non-discriminate vector by using two other opportunistic bacterial pathogens of bolls (pantoea ananatis [serano] and klebsiella pneumoniae [schroeter]) and the known fungal pathogen ...200919636620
pantoea agglomerans: the gardener's peritonitis? 200919640377
detection of enterobacter sakazakii and other pathogens associated with infant formula powder by use of a dna microarray.pathogen detection is critical to the process of generating and testing powdered infant formula (pif). an obstacle associated with pif microbial surveillance is that most current procedures are time-consuming and labor-intensive. we have developed a rapid, dna microarray-based detection technique to identify 10 different pathogenic bacteria associated with pif contamination based on the 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences and wzy (o antigen polymerase) gene. using this ...200919641057
rapid real-time pcr assays for detection of klebsiella pneumoniae with the rmpa or maga genes associated with the hypermucoviscosity phenotype: screening of nonhuman primates.the relationship of mucoviscosity-associated (maga) and/or regulator of mucoid phenotype (rmpa) genes to the klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotype has been reported. we previously demonstrated that rmpa+ k. pneumoniae can cause serious disease in african green monkeys and isolated rmpa+ and maga+ hmv k. pneumoniae from other species of non-human primates. to rapidly screen african green monkeys/non-human primates for these infections, we developed three real-time pcr assays. t ...200919644019
evolved beta-galactosidases from geobacillus stearothermophilus with improved transgalactosylation yield for galacto-oligosaccharide production.a mutagenesis approach was applied to the beta-galactosidase bgab from geobacillus stearothermophilus kve39 in order to improve its enzymatic transglycosylation of lactose into oligosaccharides. a simple screening strategy, which was based on the reduction of the hydrolysis of a potential transglycosylation product (lactosucrose), provided mutant enzymes possessing improved synthetic properties for the autocondensation product from nitrophenyl-galactoside and galacto-oligosaccharides (gos) from ...200919666723
xylella fastidiosa afimbrial adhesins mediate cell transmission to plants by leafhopper vectors.the interactions between the economically important plant-pathogenic bacterium xylella fastidiosa and its leafhopper vectors are poorly characterized. we used different approaches to determine how x. fastidiosa cells interact with the cuticular surface of the foreguts of vectors. we demonstrate that x. fastidiosa binds to different polysaccharides with various affinities and that these interactions are mediated by cell surface carbohydrate-binding proteins. in addition, competition assays showed ...200919011051
xylella fastidiosa afimbrial adhesins mediate cell transmission to plants by leafhopper vectors.the interactions between the economically important plant-pathogenic bacterium xylella fastidiosa and its leafhopper vectors are poorly characterized. we used different approaches to determine how x. fastidiosa cells interact with the cuticular surface of the foreguts of vectors. we demonstrate that x. fastidiosa binds to different polysaccharides with various affinities and that these interactions are mediated by cell surface carbohydrate-binding proteins. in addition, competition assays showed ...200919011051
evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay kit for rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates.we evaluated a new immunochromatographic assay (ica) using mouse monoclonal anti-mpt64 antibody for rapid discrimination between mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria in clinical isolates. a study with mycobacteria and other organisms showed excellent sensitivity (approximately equal 99%) and specificity (100%) and an appropriate detection limit (10(5) cfu/ml) when tested with m. tuberculosis h37rv. this ica can simplify the identification of m. tuberculosis in clinical labo ...200919052177
evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay kit for rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates.we evaluated a new immunochromatographic assay (ica) using mouse monoclonal anti-mpt64 antibody for rapid discrimination between mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria in clinical isolates. a study with mycobacteria and other organisms showed excellent sensitivity (approximately equal 99%) and specificity (100%) and an appropriate detection limit (10(5) cfu/ml) when tested with m. tuberculosis h37rv. this ica can simplify the identification of m. tuberculosis in clinical labo ...200919052177
phylogeny and identification of pantoea species and typing of pantoea agglomerans strains by multilocus gene sequencing.pantoea agglomerans and other pantoea species cause infections in humans and are also pathogenic to plants, but the diversity of pantoea strains and their possible association with hosts and disease remain poorly known, and identification of pantoea species is difficult. we characterized 36 pantoea strains, including 28 strains of diverse origins initially identified as p. agglomerans, by multilocus gene sequencing based on six protein-coding genes, by biochemical tests, and by antimicrobial sus ...200919052179
characterization of the mineral phosphate-solubilizing activity of pantoea agglomerans mmb051 isolated from an iron-rich soil in southeastern venezuela (bolívar state).the mineral phosphate-solubilizing (mps) activity of a pantoea agglomerans strain, namely mmb051, isolated from an iron-rich, acidic soil near ciudad piar (bolívar state, venezuela), was characterized on a chemically defined medium (nbrip). various insoluble inorganic phosphates, including tri-calcium phosphate [ca(3)(po(4))(2)], iron phosphate (fepo(4)), aluminum phosphate (alpo(4)), and rock phosphate (rp) were tested as sole sources of p for bacterial growth. solubilization of ca(3)(po(4))(2) ...200919067045
association and attraction of blueberry maggot fly curran (diptera: tephritidae) to pantoea (enterobacter) agglomerans.the attraction of washed, medium-free cells of pantoea (enterobacter) agglomerans to wild, adult rhagoletis mendax curran, the blueberry maggot fly, was evaluated in managed blueberry fields in maine. attraction was evaluated using pherocon am and ladd traps, each tested with or without washed bacterial cells. field studies showed significant increases in fly captures on the pherocon am traps. apple volatiles odors on ladd traps seemed to cancel the effects of bacterial odors. aerobic heterotrop ...200919791604
diagnosis of endotoxemia with gram-negative bacteremia is bacterial species dependent: a meta-analysis of clinical studies.endotoxemia is undetectable for up to 60% of cases of bacteremia caused by gram-negative (gn) species, a discordance attributed to the limitations of the limulus assay for endotoxemia. the lipid a structure of the endotoxin molecule is critical for the sensing of gn bacteria by the host immune system although not so for sensing by the limulus assay. the lipid a structure of commensal enterobacteriaceae is hexa-acyl, whereas non-enterobacteriaceae have a broader range of structures. by using a pr ...200919794055
polyphasic study of plant- and clinic-associated pantoea agglomerans strains reveals indistinguishable virulence potential.pantoea species are ubiquitous in nature and occasionally associated with infections caused by contaminated clinical material. hence, pantoea agglomerans is considered as an opportunistic pathogen of humans. since species of the genus pantoea and closely related species of other enterobacteriaceae genera are phenotypically very similar, many clinical isolates are misassigned into p. agglomerans based on the use of quick commercial-offered biochemical tests. our objective was to find markers enab ...200919800991
the atp-dependent amide ligases ddag and ddaf assemble the fumaramoyl-dipeptide scaffold of the dapdiamide antibiotics.the enzymes ddag and ddaf, encoded in the pantoea agglomerans dapdiamide antibiotic biosynthetic gene cluster, when expressed in escherichia coli, form the tandem amide bonds of the dapdiamide scaffold at the expense of atp cleavage. ddag uses fumarate, 2,3-diaminopropionate (dap), and atp to make fumaroyl-amp transiently on the way to the n(beta)-fumaroyl-dap regioisomer. then ddaf acts as a second atp-dependent amide ligase, but this enzyme cleaves atp to adp and p(i) during amide bond formati ...200919807062
simple adhesive-tape-based sampling of tomato surfaces combined with rapid fluorescence in situ hybridization for salmonella detection.a simple adhesive-tape-based method for sampling of tomato surfaces was combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization for rapid culture-independent detection of salmonella strains. tapes could also be placed face-down on selective agar for on-tape enrichment of captured salmonella cells. overlay of cell-charged tapes with small volumes of liquid enrichment media enabled subsequent detection of tape-captured salmonella via flow cytometry.200919124588
proteomic profiling of l-cysteine induced selenite resistance in enterobacter sp. ysu.enterobacter sp. ysu is resistant to several different heavy metal salts, including selenite. a previous study using m-9 minimal medium showed that when the selenite concentration was 100,000 times higher than the sulfate concentration, selenite entered escherichia coli cells using two pathways: a specific and a non-specific pathway. in the specific pathway, selenite entered the cells through a yet to be characterized channel dedicated for selenite. in the non-specific pathway, selenite entered ...200919715574
novel features of the polysaccharide-digesting gliding bacterium flavobacterium johnsoniae as revealed by genome sequence analysis.the 6.10-mb genome sequence of the aerobic chitin-digesting gliding bacterium flavobacterium johnsoniae (phylum bacteroidetes) is presented. f. johnsoniae is a model organism for studies of bacteroidete gliding motility, gene regulation, and biochemistry. the mechanism of f. johnsoniae gliding is novel, and genome analysis confirms that it does not involve well-studied motility organelles, such as flagella or type iv pili. the motility machinery is composed of gld proteins in the cell envelope t ...200919717629
genetic structure and distribution of the colibactin genomic island among members of the family enterobacteriaceae.a genomic island encoding the biosynthesis and secretion pathway of putative hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide colibactin has been recently described in escherichia coli. colibactin acts as a cyclomodulin and blocks the eukaryotic cell cycle. the origin and prevalence of the colibactin island among enterobacteria are unknown. we therefore screened 1,565 isolates of different genera and species related to the enterobacteriaceae by pcr for the presence of this dna element. the island was dete ...200919720753
metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for efficient conversion of glycerol to ethanol.based on elementary mode analysis, an escherichia coli strain was designed for efficient conversion of glycerol to ethanol. by using nine gene knockout mutations, the functional space of the central metabolism of e. coli was reduced from over 15,000 possible pathways to a total of 28 glycerol-utilizing pathways that support cell function. among these pathways are eight aerobic and eight anaerobic pathways that do not support cell growth but convert glycerol into ethanol with a theoretical yield ...200919734340
invasive bacteria isolates from children with severe infections in a nigerian hospital.little information is available about the aetiology and epidemiology of serious bacterial infections in nigeria. this study determined bacterial isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of children presenting in the emergency room of a teaching hospital in nigeria.200919762955
the olive fly endosymbiont, "candidatus erwinia dacicola," switches from an intracellular existence to an extracellular existence during host insect development.as polyphagous, holometabolous insects, tephritid fruit flies (diptera: tephritidae) provide a unique habitat for endosymbiotic bacteria, especially those microbes associated with the digestive system. here we examine the endosymbiont of the olive fly [bactrocera oleae (rossi) (diptera: tephritidae)], a tephritid of great economic importance. "candidatus erwinia dacicola" was found in the digestive systems of all life stages of wild olive flies from the southwestern united states. pcr and micros ...200919767463
genotypic comparison of pantoea agglomerans plant and clinical strains.pantoea agglomerans strains are among the most promising biocontrol agents for a variety of bacterial and fungal plant diseases, particularly fire blight of apple and pear. however, commercial registration of p. agglomerans biocontrol products is hampered because this species is currently listed as a biosafety level 2 (bl2) organism due to clinical reports as an opportunistic human pathogen. this study compares plant-origin and clinical strains in a search for discriminating genotypic/phenotypic ...200919772624
identification of rhodococcus fascians cytokinins and their modus operandi to reshape the plant.decades ago, the importance of cytokinins (cks) during rhodococcus fascians pathology had been acknowledged, and an isopentenyltransferase gene had been characterized in the fas operon of the linear virulence plasmid, but hitherto, no specific ck(s) could be associated with virulence. we show that the ck receptors ahk3 and ahk4 of arabidopsis thaliana are essential for symptom development, and that the ck perception machinery is induced upon infection, underlining its central role in the symptom ...200919129491
transcriptional regulation and signal-peptide-dependent secretion of exolevanase (lsdb) in the endophyte gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus utilizes plant sucrose with a constitutively expressed levansucrase (lsda), producing extracellular levan, which may be degraded under energetically unfavored conditions. reverse transcriptase-pcr analysis revealed that lsda and the downstream exolevanase gene (lsdb) form an operon. lsdb transcription was induced during growth with low fructose concentrations (0.44 to 33 mm) and repressed by glucose. transport of lsdb to the periplasm involved n-terminal signal p ...200919139238
bacterial diversity analysis of huanglongbing pathogen-infected citrus, using phylochip arrays and 16s rrna gene clone library sequencing.the bacterial diversity associated with citrus leaf midribs was characterized for citrus groves that contained the huanglongbing (hlb) pathogen, which has yet to be cultivated in vitro. we employed a combination of high-density phylogenetic 16s rrna gene microarrays and 16s rrna gene clone library sequencing to determine the microbial community composition for symptomatic and asymptomatic citrus midribs. our results revealed that citrus leaf midribs can support a diversity of microbes. phylochip ...200919151177
differential effectiveness of serratia plymuthica ic1270-induced systemic resistance against hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic leaf pathogens in rice.induced resistance is a state of enhanced defensive capacity developed by a plant reacting to specific biotic or chemical stimuli. over the years, several forms of induced resistance have been characterized, including systemic acquired resistance, which is induced upon localized infection by an avirulent necrotizing pathogen, and induced systemic resistance (isr), which is elicited by selected strains of nonpathogenic rhizobacteria. however, contrary to the relative wealth of information on indu ...200919161601
temporal appearance of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes.one hundred fifty aac(6')-ib-positive gram-negative isolates collected between 1981 and 1991 were examined by pcr for the presence of the aac(6')-ib-cr variant and other plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) genes. none had the aac(6')-ib-cr variant, qnra, qnrs, qnrc, or qepa, but two strains collected in 1988 had qnrb alleles, making these the earliest known pmqr genes.200919164145
real-time pcr assay for detection of a new simulant for poxvirus biothreat agents.research and financial efforts spent on biodefense technologies highlight the current concern for biothreat event preparedness. nonhazardous but relevant "simulant" microorganisms are typically used to simplify technological developments, testing, and staff training. the bacteriophage ms2, a small rna virus, is classically used as the reference simulant for biothreat viruses within the biodefense community. however, variola virus, considered a major threat, displays very different features (size ...200919168659
complete genome of the broad-host-range erwinia amylovora phage phiea21-4 and its relationship to salmonella phage felix o1.the first complete genome sequence for a myoviridal bacteriophage, phiea21-4, infecting erwinia amylovora, erwinia pyrifoliae, and pantoea agglomerans strains has been determined. the unique sequence of this terminally redundant, circularly permuted genome is 84,576 bp. the phiea21-4 genome has a gc content of 43.8% and contains 117 putative protein-coding genes and 26 trna genes. phiea21-4 is the first phage in which a precisely conserved rho-independent terminator has been found dispersed thro ...200919181832
lines of evidence for horizontal gene transfer of a phenazine producing operon into multiple bacterial species.phenazines are secondary metabolites with broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotes. in pseudomonad species, a conserved seven-gene phenazine operon (phzabcdefg) is required for the conversion of chorismic acid to the broad-spectrum antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylate. previous analyses of genes involved in phenazine production from nonpseudomonad species uncovered a high degree of sequence similarity to pseudomonad homologues. the analyses undertaken in this stud ...200919189039
effect of gamma-irradiation on membrane fatty acids and peptidoglycan's muropeptides of pantoea agglomerans, a plant pathogen.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma-irradiation on the fatty acids (fa) and muropeptides content of two strains of an enterobacteriacea: pantoea agglomerans.200919191968
pea aphid as both host and vector for the phytopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae.aphids are widespread agricultural pests that are capable of disseminating plant viral diseases; however, despite coming into frequent contact with epiphytic bacteria, aphids are considered to have no role in bacterial transmission. here, we demonstrate the ability of pea aphids to vector the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b728a (psyb728a). while feeding on plants colonized by epiphytic bacteria, aphids acquire the bacteria, which colonize the digestive tract, multiply, and are ...200919201955
[cerebral pseudo-abscess in neonatal meningitis due to enterobacter agglomerans]. 200919206068
species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in hospitalized cancer patients.nosocomial infections pose significant threats to hospitalized patients, especially the immunocompromised ones, such as cancer patients.200919228413
temporal analysis of cotton boll symptoms resulting from southern green stink bug feeding and transmission of a bacterial pathogen.the southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), is a significant pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., and is becoming an increasing challenge due to the decrease in use of broad-spectrum insecticides on the crop. the southern green stink bug can vector an opportunistic pantoea agglomerans strain (designated sc 1-r) into cotton bolls, resulting in infection. the appearance of stink bug damage varies, and pest managers cannot readily identify its source. this research reports a systematic de ...200919253615
low rates of pseudomonas aeruginosa misidentification in isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (cf). its correct identification ensures effective patient management and infection control strategies. however, little is known about how often cf sputum isolates are falsely identified as p. aeruginosa. we used p. aeruginosa-specific duplex real-time pcr assays to determine if 2,267 p. aeruginosa sputum isolates from 561 cf patients were correctly identified by 17 australian clinical microbiology laboratorie ...200919261796
challenges and approaches for mosquito targeted malaria control.malaria is one of today's most serious diseases with an enormous socioeconomic impact. while anti-malarial drugs have existed for some time and vaccines development may be underway, the most successful malaria eradication programs have thus far relied on attacking the mosquito vector that spreads the disease causing agent plasmodium. here we will review past, current and future perspectives of malaria vector control strategies and how these approaches have taken a promising turn thanks recent ad ...200919275622
epiphytic bacteria and yeasts on apple blossoms and their potential as antagonists of erwinia amylovora.apple blossoms were sampled for indigenous epiphytic populations of culturable microorganisms during different stages of bloom at two locations in central washington state and one site in corvallis, or. frequencies and population sizes of bacteria on stigmas of apple were lower in washington than at corvallis, where average relative humidity was higher and possibly favored greater colonization; however, bacteria at corvallis were mainly pseudomonads, whereas those in washington were diverse, com ...200919351253
traumatic enucleation with avulsion of the ophthalmic artery resulting in aneurysm-like subarachnoid hemorrhage.traumatic, nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) is common after closed head injury and most often results from ruptured cortical microvessels. here, the authors present the case of a 60-year-old woman who fell and struck her head, causing traumatic enucleation and avulsion of both the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery. the arterial avulsion caused a fisher grade 3 sah. during her stay in the intensive care unit, hydrocephalus and vasospasm developed, clinical conditions commonly observed ...200919374504
role of gluconic acid production in the regulation of biocontrol traits of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0.the rhizobacterium pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 promotes the growth of various crop plants and protects them against root diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. the main mechanism of disease suppression by this strain is the production of the antifungal compounds 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg) and pyoluteorin (plt). direct plant growth promotion can be achieved through solubilization of inorganic phosphates by the production of organic acids, mainly gluconic acid, which is one of the principal ...200919376896
six cases of sepsis caused by pantoea agglomerans in a teaching hospital.pantoea agglomerans is an environmental organism which may seldom cause opportunistic infections. here we report on a 6 case outbreak in a teaching hospital. within three months . agglomerans was isolated from blood cultures of 5 patients from oncology and 1 patient from icu departments. p. agglomerans was in pure culture in 5 cases, while in the last one rahnella aquatilis and candida famata were also isolated. therefore, p. agglomerans is able to produce nosocomial infections in patients with ...200919382678
recent evolution of bacterial pathogens: the gall-forming pantoea agglomerans case.pantoea agglomerans, a widespread epiphyte and commensal bacterium, has evolved into an hrp-dependent and host-specific tumorigenic pathogen by acquiring a plasmid containing a pathogenicity island (pai). the pai was evolved on an iteron plasmid of the incn family, which is distributed among genetically diverse populations of p. agglomerans. the structure of the pai supports the premise of a recently evolved pathogen. this review offers insight into a unique model for emergence of new bacterial ...200919400643
utility and safety of lps-based fermented flour extract as a macrophage activator.the immune system is part of the homeostasis system. our research is focused on ways to maintain health, with an emphasis on the role of macrophages. we have hypothesized that tissue macrophages form a systemic network which we believe contributes to the homeostasis system, and have named it the 'macrophage network.' this network creates a dynamic equilibrium situation where macrophages control homeostasis. our research is based on this macrophage network theory as we believe that the innate imm ...200919414320
plant agricultural streptomycin formulations do not carry antibiotic resistance genes.streptomycin is used in plant agriculture for bacterial disease control, particularly against fire blight in pome fruit orchards. concerns that this may increase environmental antibiotic resistance have led to bans or restrictions on use. experience with antibiotic use in animal feeds raises the possible influence of formulation-delivered resistance genes. we demonstrate that agricultural streptomycin formulations do not carry producer organism resistance genes. by using an optimized extraction ...200919414583
blood culture status in mature horses with diarrhoea: a possible association with survival.the incidence and implications of positive blood cultures in mature horses with diarrhoea is unknown. the diagnosis of bacteraemia may alter treatment and prognosis.200919418745
hyperproduction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (l-dopa) using erwinia herbicola cells carrying a mutant transcriptional regulator tyrr.in the last few decades, enzymatic production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (l-dopa) using tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) has been industrialized. this method has an intrinsic problem of tyrosine contamination because tpl is synthesized under tyrosine-induced conditions. herein, we constructed a hyper-l-dopa-producing strain by exploiting a mutant tyrr, an activator of tpl. the highest productivity was obtained for the strain grown under non-induced conditions. it was 30-fold higher than that ob ...200919420686
implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites.malaria-transmitting mosquitoes are continuously exposed to microbes, including their midgut microbiota. this naturally acquired microbial flora can modulate the mosquito's vectorial capacity by inhibiting the development of plasmodium and other human pathogens through an unknown mechanism. we have undertaken a comprehensive functional genomic approach to elucidate the molecular interplay between the bacterial co-infection and the development of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum i ...200919424427
multiple activities of the plant pathogen type iii effector proteins wtse and avre require wxxxe motifs.the broadly conserved avre-family of type iii effectors from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria includes important virulence factors, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which these effectors function inside plant cells to promote disease. we have identified two conserved motifs in avre-family effectors: a wxxxe motif and a putative c-terminal endoplasmic reticulum membrane retention/retrieval signal (ermrs). the wxxxe and ermrs motifs are both required for the virulence activities ...200919445595
rsmc of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora negatively controls motility, extracellular protein production, and virulence by binding flhd and modulating transcriptional activity of the master regulator, flhdc.rsmc and flhdc are global regulators controlling extracellular proteins/enzymes, rsmb rna, motility, and virulence of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. flhdc, the master regulator of flagellar genes, controls these traits by positively regulating gaca, flia, and rsmc and negatively regulating hexa. rsmc, on the other hand, is a negative regulator of extracellular proteins/enzymes, motility, and virulence since the deficiency of rsmc in flhdc(+) strain results in overproduction of extracellul ...200919447906
bacterial diversity analysis of larvae and adult midgut microflora using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods in lab-reared and field-collected anopheles stephensi-an asian malarial vector.mosquitoes are intermediate hosts for numerous disease causing organisms. vector control is one of the most investigated strategy for the suppression of mosquito-borne diseases. anopheles stephensi is one of the vectors of malaria parasite plasmodium vivax. the parasite undergoes major developmental and maturation steps within the mosquito midgut and little is known about anopheles-associated midgut microbiota. identification and characterization of the mosquito midgut flora is likely to contrib ...200919450290
systems level analysis of two-component signal transduction systems in erwinia amylovora: role in virulence, regulation of amylovoran biosynthesis and swarming motility.two-component signal transduction systems (tcsts), consisting of a histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr), represent a major paradigm for signal transduction in prokaryotes. tcsts play critical roles in sensing and responding to environmental conditions, and in bacterial pathogenesis. most tcsts in erwinia amylovora have either not been identified or have not yet been studied.200919470164
the microbiota of lafun, an african traditional cassava food product.lafun is a fermented cassava food product consumed in parts of west africa. in the present work the microorganisms (aerobic bacteria (ab), lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeasts) associated with the fermentation of lafun under traditional conditions have for the first time been studied using a combination of pheno- and genotypic methods. during lafun fermentation the ab count ranged from 6-7 log(10) cfu/g at the beginning to 9 log(10) cfu/g at the end. similarly, the number of lab increased from ...200919493582
characterization of airborne microbial communities at a high-elevation site and their potential to act as atmospheric ice nuclei.bacteria and fungi are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. the diversity and abundance of airborne microbes may be strongly influenced by atmospheric conditions or even influence atmospheric conditions themselves by acting as ice nucleators. however, few comprehensive studies have described the diversity and dynamics of airborne bacteria and fungi based on culture-independent techniques. we document atmospheric microbial abundance, community composition, and ice nucleation at a high-elevation site in ...200919502432
regulatory interactions between quorum-sensing, auxin, cytokinin, and the hrp regulon in relation to gall formation and epiphytic fitness of pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae.gall formation by pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae is controlled by hrp/hrc genes, phytohormones, and the quorum-sensing (qs) regulatory system. the interactions between these three components were investigated. disruption of the qs genes pagi and pagr and deletion of both substantially reduced the transcription levels of the hrp regulatory genes hrpxy, hrps, and hrpl, as determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. expression of hrpl in planta was inhibited by ...200919522567
ferromagnetic levan composite: an affinity matrix to purify lectin.a simple and inexpensive procedure used magnetite and levan to synthesize a composite recovered by a magnetic field. lectins from canavalia ensiformis (con a) and cratylia mollis (cramoll 1 and cramoll 1, 4) did bind specifically to composite. the magnetic property of derivative favored washing out contaminating proteins and recovery of pure lectins with glucose elution. cramoll 1 was purified by this affinity binding procedure in two steps instead of a previous three-step protocol with ammonium ...200919547713
pantoea agglomerans liver abscess in a resident of brazilian amazonia. 200920306748
potential airborne microbial hazards for workers on dairy and beef cattle farms in egypt.this study was conducted to determine the concentration and frequency distribution of certain airborne micro-organisms on cattle farms and their potential health hazards to farm workers. the samples (60 air samples and 240 hand and nasal swabs from cattle farm workers) were collected from ten cattle farms (five dairy barns and five beef sheds) located in the sharkia governorate of egypt. air samples were collected for microbiological examination in liquid media using an all-glass impinger wherea ...200920391378
molecular and biochemical characterization of three bacterial symbionts of fruit fly, bactrocera tau (tephritidae: diptera).characterization of three bacterial symbionts (bc1, bc2 and bc3) of fruit fly bactrocera tau including morphological, biochemical and 16s rdna (rrs gene) analysis was done to determine their taxonomic position. morphological and biochemical characterization placed two bacteria (bc1, klebsiella oxytoca and bc2, pantoea agglomerans) into family enterobacteriaceae and the third one (bc3, staphylococcus sp.) into family staphylococcaceae. 16s rdna gene sequence comparison with the available ncbi dat ...200920118612
an anaerobic-type alpha-ketoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase completes the oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle of mycobacterium tuberculosis.aerobic organisms have a tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle that is functionally distinct from those found in anaerobic organisms. previous reports indicate that the aerobic pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis lacks detectable alpha-ketoglutarate (kg) dehydrogenase activity and drives a variant tca cycle in which succinyl-coa is replaced by succinic semialdehyde. here, we show that m. tuberculosis expresses a coa-dependent kg dehydrogenase activity, albeit one that is typically found in anaerobic ba ...200919936047
[phytopathogenic bacteria of couch-grass in the crops of wheat].bacterialdiseases of weeds in the crops of wheat on the fields of kyiv and vinnytsya regions of ukraine elytrigia repens (l.) nevski agropyrum repens l. were revealed. the following symptoms of bacterial affections: the leaves wither, oval or hatched necrotic spots on green leaves, necroses on the stalks, empty-ears, partial blackening of the ear axes, awns, caryopsises, scales, water-soaked or dark brown with violet shade spots on the rhizomes were found. during the vegetation period bacteria w ...200919938603
improvement of allergic dermatitis via regulation of the th1/th2 immune system balance by macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide derived from pantoea agglomerans (ip-pa1).recently, the incidence of allergies has been increasing, especially in advanced countries. the cause of these allergies is believed to be a failure in the immune system balance that has been caused by changes in the living environment. the incidence of allergy shows a negative correlation with the decrease of infectious diseases in childhood. it has been suggested that the key to alleviating allergies is to activate innate immunity by exposure to microbial components such as lipopolysaccharides ...200920032449
comparative immunological analysis of innate immunity activation after oral administration of wheat fermented extract to teleost fish.intradermal or oral administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from pantoea agglomerans (ip-pa1) has shown prophylactic and antitumor effects without serious side-effects. while it is known that tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha produced by activated macrophages plays an important role in the expression mechanism following intradermal administration, details of the mechanism after oral administration remain unclear. in this study, the activation of innate immunity using fish as an animal model ...200920032450
2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine, an effective peptide antibiotic from the epiphyte pantoea agglomerans 48b/90.the epiphyte pantoea agglomerans 48b/90, which has been isolated from soybean leaves, belongs to the enterobacteriaceae, as does the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora, which causes fire blight on rosaceous plants such as apples and leads to severe economic losses. since p. agglomerans efficiently antagonizes phytopathogenic bacteria, the p. agglomerans strain c9-1 is used as a biocontrol agent (blightban c9-1). here we describe the bioassay-guided isolation of a peptide antibiotic that is highly ...200919820144
direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture bottles by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.with long delays observed between sampling and availability of results, the usefulness of blood cultures in the context of emergency infectious diseases has recently been questioned. among methods that allow quicker bacterial identification from growing colonies, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry was demonstrated to accurately identify bacteria routinely isolated in a clinical biology laboratory. in order to speed up the identification proce ...200919946369
bacterial and archaeal communities in the surface sediment from the northern slope of the south china sea.microbial diversity of sediments from the northern slope of the south china sea was studied by constructing bacterial and archaeal 16s rrna gene clone libraries. fourteen bacterial phylogenetic groups were detected, including gammaproteobacteria, deltaproteobacteria, planctomycetes, alphaproteobacteria, firmicutes, bacteroidetes, actinobacteria, chloroflexi, acidobacteria, betaproteobacteria, nitrospirae, candidate divisions op8 and op11, and an unknown group. gammaproteobacteria was the predomi ...200919946953
arsenite oxidation by alcaligenes sp. strain rs-19 isolated from arsenic-contaminated mines in the republic of korea.arsenite [as(iii)]-oxidizing bacteria play important roles in reducing arsenic [as] toxicity and mobility in as-contaminated areas. as-resistant bacteria were isolated from the soils of two abandoned mines in the republic of korea. the isolated bacteria showed relatively high resistances to as(iii) up to 26 mm. the pcr-based 16s rrna analysis revealed that the isolated as-resistant bacteria were close relatives to serratia marcescensa, pseudomonas putida, pantoea agglomerans, and alcaligenes sp. ...200918642094
acid tolerance response induced in the biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans cpa-2 and effect on its survival ability in acidic environments.the aim of this work was to optimize acid stress conditions for induction of acid tolerance response (atr) in the biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans and study the effect of atr induced on the ability to survive under acidic conditions. initially, pantoea agglomerans was grown in mild acidic conditions (ph 6.0, 5.5, 5.0 and 4.0) in order to induce atr. the highest atr was induced at initial ph of 5 using malic or citric acid. a first in vitro experiment was carried out. thus, basal liquid mediu ...200917475457
rapid identification of bacterial pathogens using a pcr- and microarray-based assay.during the course of a bacterial infection, the rapid identification of the causative agent(s) is necessary for the determination of effective treatment options. we have developed a method based on a modified broad-range pcr and an oligonucleotide microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of 12 bacterial pathogens at the species level. the broad-range pcr primer mixture was designed using conserved regions of the bacterial topoisomerase genes gyrb and pare. the primer design a ...200919664269
protein secretion systems in bacterial-host associations, and their description in the gene ontology.protein secretion plays a central role in modulating the interactions of bacteria with their environments. this is particularly the case when symbiotic bacteria (whether pathogenic, commensal or mutualistic) are interacting with larger host organisms. in the case of gram-negative bacteria, secretion requires translocation across the outer as well as the inner membrane, and a diversity of molecular machines have been elaborated for this purpose. a number of secreted proteins are destined to enter ...200919278550
recombinant organisms for production of industrial products.a revolution in industrial microbiology was sparked by the discoveries of ther double-stranded structure of dna and the development of recombinant dna technology. traditional industrial microbiology was merged with molecular biology to yield improved recombinant processes for the industrial production of primary and secondary metabolites, protein biopharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes. novel genetic techniques such as metabolic engineering, combinatorial biosynthesis and molecular breeding te ...200921326937
recombinant organisms for production of industrial products.a revolution in industrial microbiology was sparked by the discoveries of ther double-stranded structure of dna and the development of recombinant dna technology. traditional industrial microbiology was merged with molecular biology to yield improved recombinant processes for the industrial production of primary and secondary metabolites, protein biopharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes. novel genetic techniques such as metabolic engineering, combinatorial biosynthesis and molecular breeding te ...200921326937
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