Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| detection of clarithromycin-resistant helicobacter pylori strains by a preferential homoduplex formation assay. | it has been shown that resistance to clarithromycin, a major cause of failure in helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, is associated with point mutations in the 23s rrna gene. we sought to apply the preferential homoduplex formation assay (phfa), a novel technique for the efficient detection of point mutations, to detection of the mutations. phfa was performed on streptavidin-coated microtiter plates with biotin- and dinitrophenyl-labeled amplicons to detect the wild-type gene or each mutant ... | 2000 | 10618089 |
| impact of an urban effluent on antibiotic resistance of riverine enterobacteriaceae and aeromonas spp. | in order to evaluate the impact of an urban effluent on antibiotic resistance of freshwater bacterial populations, water samples were collected from the arga river (spain), upstream and downstream from the wastewater discharge of the city of pamplona. strains of enterobacteriaceae (representative of the human and animal commensal flora) (110 isolates) and aeromonas (typically waterborne bacteria) (118 isolates) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing. most of the aeromonas strains (7 ... | 2000 | 10618213 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the gene encoding an ampc beta-lactamase in acinetobacter baumannii. | a clinical strain of acinetobacter baumannii (strain ab ryc 52763/97) that was isolated during an outbreak in our hospital and that was resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics tested produced three beta-lactamases: a tem-1-type (pi, 5.4) plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase, a chromosomally mediated oxa-derived (pi, 9.0) beta-lactamase, and a presumptive chromosomal cephalosporinase (pi, 9.4). the nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal cephalosporinase gene shows for the first time the gene encoding ... | 2000 | 10639377 |
| resolution of high-molecular-weight components in lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli, morganella morganii, citrobacter freundii and citrobacter diversus strains with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. | the use of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate in polyacrylamide separation gels allowed the resolution in several bands of high-molecular-mass components in smooth lipopolysaccharide of bacterial outer membrane from escherichia coli, morganella morganii, citrobacter freundii and citrobacter diversus. with or without 0.1% sds, however, such a result was not possible. | 2000 | 10576704 |
| microbiological surveillance and parenteral antibiotic use in a critical care unit. | to evaluate parenteral antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance patterns in a critical care unit (crcu). | 2000 | 18159274 |
| efflux-mediated resistance to fluoroquinolones in gram-negative bacteria. | 2000 | 10952561 | |
| evaluation of the wider system, a new computer-assisted image-processing device for bacterial identification and susceptibility testing. | the wider system is a newly developed computer-assisted image-processing device for both bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. it has been adapted to be able to read and interpret commercial microscan panels. two hundred forty-four fresh consecutive clinical isolates (138 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, 25 nonfermentative gram-negative rods [nfgnrs], and 81 gram-positive cocci) were tested. in addition, 100 enterobacterial strains with known beta-lactam re ... | 2000 | 10747104 |
| type i restriction systems: sophisticated molecular machines (a legacy of bertani and weigle). | restriction enzymes are well known as reagents widely used by molecular biologists for genetic manipulation and analysis, but these reagents represent only one class (type ii) of a wider range of enzymes that recognize specific nucleotide sequences in dna molecules and detect the provenance of the dna on the basis of specific modifications to their target sequence. type i restriction and modification (r-m) systems are complex; a single multifunctional enzyme can respond to the modification state ... | 2000 | 10839821 |
| a note on escherichia coli o157:h7 serotype in turkish meat products. | 255 minced beef, 101 soudjouk and 50 uncooked hamburger samples were analyzed for the presence of escherichia coli o157:h7 serotype. m-ec and lst broths were used as selective enrichment media and smac agar was used as a selective isolation medium. a total of 3 e. coli o157 were isolated by conventional culture techniques; one from each of minced beef, uncooked hamburger and soudjouk but none were identified as the h7 serotype. for determination of selective media-growing cohabitant bacteria, 26 ... | 2000 | 22062162 |
| biogenic amines produced by enterobacteriaceae isolated from meat products. | biogenic amines in ground meat and processed meat products are one of the indicators to determine the poor quality raw material. major histamine forming bacterium was escherichia coli (strain ec04 with 65.88 mg/100 ml in brain heart infusion medium), followed by the microorganisms morganella morganii (strain mm4 with 8.40 mg/100 ml and strain mm7 with 8.28 mg/100 ml) and proteus mirabilis (strain pm02 with 8.76 mg/100 ml), respectively. the highest putrescine production level was found in citrob ... | 2001 | 22062111 |
| identification and expression of the genes and purification and characterization of the gene products involved in reactivation of coenzyme b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase of citrobacter freundii. | the coenzyme b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase of citrobacter freundii is subject to suicide inactivation by the natural substrate glycerol during catalysis. we identified dhaf and dhag as the genes responsible for reactivation of inactivated dehydratase. northern blot analyses revealed that both genes were expressed during glycerol fermentation. the dhaf gene is transcribed together with the three structural genes coding for glycerol dehydratase (dhabce), whereas dhag is coexpressed with the d ... | 2001 | 11298756 |
| cefepime microbiologic profile and update. | the evolution of the cephalosporin class of antibiotics through modifications of the basic cephem structure has resulted in a new generation with improved antibacterial activity. cefepime is a prototypic agent of this new class of fourth generation cephalosporins. | 2001 | 11303846 |
| development of a monoclonal sandwich elisa for the detection of animal and human escherichia coli o157 strains. | production of a monoclonal antibody (mab) to escherichia coli o157 to develop a rapid test using a sandwich elisa (selisa) format. | 2001 | 11309065 |
| effects of mutations in the pseudomonas putida miaa gene: regulation of the trpe and trpgdc operons in p. putida by attenuation. | tn5 insertion mutants defective in regulation of the pseudomonas putida trpe and trpgdc operons by tryptophan were found to contain insertions in the p. putida miaa gene, whose product (in escherichia coli) modifies trna(trp) and is required for attenuation. nucleotide sequences upstream of trpe and trpg encode putative leader peptides similar in sequence to leader peptides found in other bacterial species, and the phenotypes of the mutants strongly suggest that transcription of these operons is ... | 2001 | 11325956 |
| [citrobacter freundii: a rare cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]. | 2001 | 11333663 | |
| identification and functional characterization of arylamine n-acetyltransferases in eubacteria: evidence for highly selective acetylation of 5-aminosalicylic acid. | arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity has been described in various bacterial species. bacterial n-acetyltransferases, including those from bacteria of the gut flora, may be involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, thereby exerting physiopathological effects. we characterized these enzymes further by steady-state kinetics, time-dependent inhibition, and dna hybridization in 40 species, mostly from the human intestinal microflora. we report for the first time n-acetyltransferase activity in 11 ... | 2001 | 11344150 |
| the dihydroxyacetone kinase of escherichia coli utilizes a phosphoprotein instead of atp as phosphoryl donor. | the dihydroxyacetone kinase (dhak) of escherichia coli consists of three soluble protein subunits. dhak (ycgt; 39.5 kda) and dhal (ycgs; 22.6 kda) are similar to the n- and c-terminal halves of the atp-dependent dhak ubiquitous in bacteria, animals and plants. the homodimeric dham (ycgc; 51.6 kda) consists of three domains. the n-terminal dimerization domain has the same fold as the iia domain (pdb code 1pdo) of the mannose transporter of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferas ... | 2001 | 11350937 |
| centa as a chromogenic substrate for studying beta-lactamases. | centa, a chromogenic cephalosporin, is readily hydrolyzed by beta-lactamases of all classes except for the aeromonas hydrophila metalloenzyme. although it cannot practically be used for the detection of beta-lactamase-producing strains on agar plates, it should be quite useful for kinetic studies and the detection of the enzymes in crude extracts and chromatographic fractions. | 2001 | 11353639 |
| in vitro activities of three nonfluorinated quinolones against representative bacterial isolates. | in vitro susceptibility tests were performed to document the inhibitory activities of three nonfluorinated quinolone (nfq) compounds (pge 9262932, pge 9509924, and pge 4175997) compared to those of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin against 3,030 bacterial isolates. the spectra of the nfq agents included most gram-positive species as well as quinolone-susceptible enterobacteriaceae. ciprofloxacin-resistant, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains were inhibited by the nfq ... | 2001 | 11353655 |
| ventilator-associated pneumonia in a surgical intensive care unit: epidemiology, etiology and comparison of three bronchoscopic methods for microbiological specimen sampling. | ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (vap) is a important intensive care unit (icu)-acquired infection in mechanically ventilated patients. early and correct diagnosis of vap is difficult but is an urgent challenge for an optimal antibiotic treatment. the aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and microbiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia and to compare three quantitative bronchoscopic methods for diagnosis. | 2001 | 11353934 |
| use of an alfexpress dna sequencer to analyze protein-nucleic acid interactions by band shift assay. | gel retardation analysis, or band shift assay, is technically the simplest method to investigate protein-nucleic acid interactions. in this report, we describe a nonradioactive band shift assay using a fluorescent dna target and an alfexpress automatic dna sequencer in place of the current method that utilizes radioactively end-labeled dna target and a standard electrophoresis unit. in our study, the dsdna targets were obtained by annealing two synthetic oligonucleotides or by pcr. in both cases ... | 2001 | 11355340 |
| three days of incubation may be sufficient for routine blood cultures with bact/alert fan blood culture bottles. | bact/alert fan blood culture bottles have been shown to enhance the recovery of bacteria and yeast from blood compared with standard bact/alert bottles. it is well established that standard bact/alert blood culture bottles require no more than 5 days of incubation for the detection of routine bacteria and yeast. it is less clear, however, whether fan bottles also routinely require 5 days of incubation. to address this question, we recently reviewed the results of 17,887 blood culture sets collec ... | 2001 | 11376038 |
| controlled comparison of original vented aerobic fan medium with new nonvented bact/alert fa medium for culturing blood. | to evaluate the performance of bact/alert fa (fa) medium, a new aerobic bact/alert fan (fan) medium (organon teknika corporation, durham, n.c.) that does not require the added cost and inconvenience of a venting unit, we inoculated blood specimens from adult patients with suspected sepsis into an original fan aerobic culture bottle and an fa bottle. of 7,745 blood culture sets containing both bottles, 5,256 (68%) met the criteria for adequacy of filling. a total of 466 isolates judged to represe ... | 2001 | 11376041 |
| characterization of an extended-spectrum class c beta-lactamase of citrobacter freundii. | citrobacter freundii gc3 is a clinical isolate which showed moderate resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams such as ceftazidime and aztreonam. this drug resistance was due to an extended-spectrum class c beta-lactamase encoded by chromosomal gene(s). the gc3 beta-lactamase showed high amino acid sequence homology to a known c. freundii beta-lactamase, i.e., 346 of 361 amino acids were identical with those of c. freundii gn346 beta-lactamase (tsukamoto, k. et al, eur. j. biochem. 188, 15-22, 1990). ... | 2001 | 11386417 |
| traversal of candida albicans across human blood-brain barrier in vitro. | candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, which primarily affects neonates and immunocompromised individuals. the pathogen can invade the central nervous system, resulting in meningitis. at present, the pathogenesis of c. albicans meningitis is unclear. we used an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier to investigate the interaction(s) of c. albicans with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec). binding of c. albicans to human bmec was time and inoculum dependent. invasi ... | 2001 | 11401997 |
| primers and a specific dna probe for detecting lactic acid bacteria producing 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde from glycerol in spoiled ciders. | of the 40 strains isolated from several spoiled ciders where glycerol was degraded, 36 were identified as lactobacillus collinoides, three were lactobacillus hilgardii, and one was lactobacillus mali. however, only 30 l. collinoides and two l. hilgardii could degrade glycerol. the glycerol dehydratase activity was shown. the main product of the transformation was 1.3 propanediol. two dna primers gd1 and gd2 were chosen in the region encoding one of the subunits of glycerol dehydratase of citroba ... | 2001 | 11403134 |
| molecular characterization of a novel plasmid-encoded cefotaximase (ctx-m-12) found in clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from kenya. | nine klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, six from blood and three from cerebrospinal fluid of newborn babies at kenyatta national hospital, nairobi, kenya, were analyzed for the mechanism of cephalosporin resistance. by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of xbai-digested chromosomal dna, all the nine isolates were found to be clonal. pcr and direct sequencing revealed a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, which we designated ctx-m-12. it has a more potent hydrolytic activity against cefotaxi ... | 2001 | 11408239 |
| [dysbacteriosis in patients with colon polyposis]. | the study revealed the most profound changes in the composition of intestinal microflora in patients with polyposis of the large intestine. in these patients anaerobic microflora (bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria) was more often suppressed than in other examined groups, in particular, patients with cholelithic disease. the associations of hemolytic escherichia with klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii were often observed as well as the increased content of ente ... | 2001 | 11871306 |
| microbial populations of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating wastewater from a gelatin industry. | the microbial populations of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, used for treating wastewater from the gelatin industry, were studied by microbiological methods and phase-contrast and electron microscopy. microscopy examination of the sludge showed a complex mixture of various rod-shaped and coccoid bacterial pluslong filaments and verymobile curved rods. in addition free-living anaerobic ciliates and flagellates were also observed. the trophic group population observed in decreasing ord ... | 2001 | 11873883 |
| rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli by real-time pcr with fluorescent hybridization probes. | in this report, we present a pcr protocol for rapid identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli on a lightcycler instrument. in a multiplex assay, the genes encoding shiga toxin 1 and shiga toxin 2 are detected in a single reaction capillary. a complete analysis of up to 32 samples takes about 45 min. | 2001 | 11136804 |
| determination of helicobacter pylori virulence by simple gene analysis of the cag pathogenicity island. | nucleic acid amplification was performed for five loci in the cag pathogenicity island (pai) of helicobacter pylori (comprising caga, the caga promoter region, cage, cagt, and the left end of cagii [lec]), and gastric inflammation in patients was evaluated. of 204 h. pylori isolates from japanese patients (53 with peptic ulcer, 55 with gastric cancer, and 96 with chronic gastritis), 197 (96.6%) were positive for all five loci. two isolates (1%) were negative for all five loci, and five isolates ... | 2001 | 11139216 |
| conserved regulatory elements of the promoter sequence of the gene rpoh of enteric bacteria. | the rpoh regulatory region of different members of the enteric bacteria family was sequenced or downloaded from genbank and compared. in addition, the transcriptional start sites of rpoh of yersinia frederiksenii and proteus mirabilis, two distant members of this family, were determined. sequences similar to the sigma(70) promoters p1, p4 and p5, to the sigma(e) promoter p3 and to boxes dnaa1, dnaa2, camp receptor protein (crp) boxes crp1, crp2 and box cytr present in escherichia coli k12, were ... | 2001 | 11139607 |
| diagnosis of noncultivatable gastroenteritis viruses, the human caliciviruses. | gastroenteritis is one of the most common illnesses of humans, and many different viruses have been causally associated with this disease. of those enteric viruses that have been established as etiologic agents of gastroenteritis, only the human caliciviruses cannot be cultivated in vitro. the cloning of norwalk virus and subsequently of other human caliciviruses has led to the development of several new diagnostic assays. antigen detection enzyme immunoassays (eias) using polyclonal hyperimmune ... | 2001 | 11148001 |
| endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria. | the etiologic diagnosis of infective endocarditis is easily made in the presence of continuous bacteremia with gram-positive cocci. however, the blood culture may contain a bacterium rarely associated with endocarditis, such as lactobacillus spp., klebsiella spp., or nontoxigenic corynebacterium, salmonella, gemella, campylobacter, aeromonas, yersinia, nocardia, pasteurella, listeria, or erysipelothrix spp., that requires further investigation to establish the relationship with endocarditis, or ... | 2001 | 11148009 |
| nickel-resistance-based minitransposons: new tools for genetic manipulation of environmental bacteria. | the ncc and nre nickel resistance determinants from ralstonia eutropha-like strain 31a were used to construct mini-tn5 transposons. broad host expression of nickel resistance was observed for the nre minitransposons in members of the alpha, beta, and gamma subclasses of the proteobacteria, while the ncc minitransposons expressed nickel resistance only in r. eutropha-like strains. | 2001 | 11157282 |
| characterization of oxa-25, oxa-26, and oxa-27, molecular class d beta-lactamases associated with carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii. | carbapenem resistance in acinetobacter spp. is increasingly being associated with oxa-type beta-lactamases with weak hydrolytic activity against imipenem and meropenem. such enzymes were characterized from acinetobacter isolates collected in belgium, kuwait, singapore, and spain. the isolates from spain and belgium had novel class d beta-lactamases that were active against carbapenems. these were designated oxa-25 and oxa-26, respectively, and had >98% amino acid homology with each other and wit ... | 2001 | 11158758 |
| nucleotide sequence and characterization of a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (ctx-m-10) isolated in spain. | a cefotaxime-resistant, ceftazidime-susceptible escherichia coli isolate was obtained from a patient with sepsis in 1997, from which a beta-lactamase with a pi of 8.1 was cloned. cephaloridine and cefotaxime relative hydrolysis rates were 167 and 81, respectively (penicillin g rate = 100), whereas ceftazidime hydrolysis was not detected. the nucleotide sequence revealed a bla gene related to that coding for ctx-m-3. despite 21 nucleotide substitutions, only 2 determined amino acid changes (ala27 ... | 2001 | 11158766 |
| functional genomic, biochemical, and genetic characterization of the salmonella pduo gene, an atp:cob(i)alamin adenosyltransferase gene. | salmonella enterica degrades 1,2-propanediol by a pathway dependent on coenzyme b12 (adenosylcobalamin [adocb1]). previous studies showed that 1,2-propanediol utilization (pdu) genes include those for the conversion of inactive cobalamins, such as vitamin b12, to adocbl. however, the specific genes involved were not identified. here we show that the pduo gene encodes a protein with atp:cob(i)alamin adenosyltransferase activity. the main role of this protein is apparently the conversion of inacti ... | 2001 | 11160088 |
| regulation of carbon and electron flow in clostridium butyricum vpi 3266 grown on glucose-glycerol mixtures. | the metabolism of clostridium butyricum was manipulated at ph 6.5 and in phosphate-limited chemostat culture by changing the overall degree of reduction of the substrate using mixtures of glucose and glycerol. cultures grown on glucose alone produced only acids (acetate, butyrate, and lactate) and a high level of hydrogen. in contrast, when glycerol was metabolized, 1,3-propanediol became the major product, the specific rate of acid formation decreased, and a low level of hydrogen was observed. ... | 2001 | 11160107 |
| the in vitro activity of sulbactam combined with third generation cephalosporins against third generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. | the in vitro activity of the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam combined with cefuroxime, cefotaxime or ceftazidime in the ratio of 1:1 was studied against ceftazidime- or cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative rods and staphylococcus aureus. sulbactam enhanced the antibacterial activities of cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftazidime against gram-negative rods. the mic(90) of ceftazidime against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2001 | 11165119 |
| oral colonization of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and cocci in irradiated, dentate, xerostomic individuals. | this study aimed at investigating the oral colonization of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and cocci in head- and neck-irradiated, dentate, xerostomic individuals. subjects were recruited from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma clinic and were segregated into group a: <60 years (n=25, 48+/-6 years, 5+/-5 years post-irradiation) and group b: >or=60 years (n=8, 67+/-4 years, 2+/-2 years post-irradiation) and were compared with age- and sex-matched normal individuals, group c: <60 ye ... | 2001 | 11169132 |
| resistance patterns among nosocomial pathogens: trends over the past few years. | multiple surveillance studies have demonstrated that resistance among prevalent pathogens is increasing at an alarming rate, leading to greater patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial infections. among gram-positive organisms, the most important resistant pathogens are methicillin- (oxacillin-)resistant staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactam-resistant and multidrug-resistant pneumococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. important causes of gram-negative resistance include extended-spect ... | 2001 | 11171776 |
| vertical transmission of citrobacter freundii. | 2001 | 11175951 | |
| polarized entry of uropathogenic afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli strain ih11128 into human epithelial cells: evidence for alpha5beta1 integrin recognition and subsequent internalization through a pathway involving caveolae and dynamic unstable microtubules. | afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli strain ih11128 bacteria basolaterally entered polarized epithelial cells by a cd55- and cd66e-independent mechanism through interaction with the alpha5beta1 integrin and a pathway involving caveolae and dynamic microtubules (mts). ih11128 invasion within hela cells was dramatically decreased after the cells were treated with the cholesterol-extracting drug methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or the caveola-disrupting drug filipin. disassembly of the dynamically un ... | 2001 | 11179364 |
| in vitro and in vivo properties of ro 63-9141, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | ro 63-9141 is a new member of the pyrrolidinone-3-ylidenemethyl cephem series of cephalosporins. its antibacterial spectrum was evaluated against significant gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens in comparison with those of reference drugs, including cefotaxime, cefepime, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. ro 63-9141 showed high antibacterial in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria except ampicillin-resistant enterococci, particularly vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococcus faecium. ... | 2001 | 11181368 |
| a cryptic melibiose transporter gene possessing a frameshift from citrobacter freundii. | wild-type citrobacter freundii cannot grow on melibiose as a sole source of carbon. the melibiose transporter gene melb was cloned from a c. freundii mutant m4 that could utilize melibiose as a sole carbon source. although the cloned melb gene is closely similar to the melb genes of other bacteria, it is cryptic because of a frameshift mutation. site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct a functional melb gene by deleting one nucleotide, resulting in the production of an active melibiose tr ... | 2001 | 11275561 |
| identification and characterization of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates. | a total of 50 isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), including 29 o157:h7 and 21 non-o157 stec strains, were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities and the presence of class 1 integrons. seventy-eight (n = 39) percent of the isolates exhibited resistance to two or more antimicrobial classes. multiple resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline was most often observed. class 1 integrons were identified among nine stec isolates, including serotypes o157: ... | 2001 | 11282605 |
| splenic abscess: report of six cases and review of the literature. | splenic abscesses are rare but appear to be increasing in frequency. recent advances in radiologic techniques have affected the diagnosis and management. the purpose of this study was to evaluate these effects. the medical records of one institution were retrospectively reviewed and six cases of splenic abscesses seen between 1989 and 1999 were identified. all patients had predisposing conditions with metastatic hematogenous infection in three and one each with trauma, immunodeficiency, and a co ... | 2001 | 11206904 |
| controlled clinical comparison of bactec plus anaerobic/f to standard anaerobic/f as the anaerobic companion bottle to plus aerobic/f medium for culturing blood from adults. | to determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with bactec plus aerobic/f medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared plus anaerobic/f bottles with standard anaerobic/f bottles, each of which was filled with 4 to 6 ml of blood. the two bottles were paired with a plus aerobic/f bottle filled with 8 to 12 ml of blood. a total of 14,011 blood culture sets were obtained. of these, 11,583 sets were received with all three ... | 2001 | 11230415 |
| risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients. | to determine risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients. | 2001 | 11246310 |
| novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, kpc-1, from a carbapenem-resistant strain of klebsiella pneumoniae. | a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showing moderate to high-level imipenem and meropenem resistance was investigated. the mics of both drugs were 16 microg/ml. the beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. the strain was also resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated three beta-lactamases, with pis of 7.2 (shv-29), 6.7 (kpc-1), and 5.4 (tem-1). the presence of bla(shv) and bla ... | 2001 | 11257029 |
| multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of major bacterial pathogens in intensive care units in 2000 in taiwan. | a susceptibility surveillance study of 1,274 bacterial isolates recovered from various clinical specimens from patients in intensive care units (icus) of five major teaching hospitals was carried out from march, 2000, to june, 2000, in taiwan. this study demonstrated a high rate (66%) of oxacillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus (orsa), a high rate of nonsusceptibility to penicillin (intermediate, 50% and highly resistant, 8%), and high rates of cefotaxime nonsusceptibility for s. pneumoniae ... | 2001 | 11822777 |
| occurrence and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae isolated in children's university hospital in bratislava. | occurrence and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 30 multi-resistant escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., pantoea agglomerans, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens strains isolated from children between 0 and 3 years of age is presented. the strains were resistant to ampicillin (30), cefoxitin (22), cefotaxime (30), ceftriaxone (30), ceftazidime (30) and aztreonam (28), but susceptible to cefepime (30) and imipenem (26). twenty-eight of 30 isolates possessed a ... | 2001 | 11830947 |
| antimicrobial resistance of bacterial organisms isolated from rats. | to determine if antimicrobial resistance occurs in various bacterial species isolated from rats. | 2001 | 12199446 |
| host and geographical factors influence the thermal niche of enteric bacteria isolated from native australian mammals. | the thermal profiles of 118 bacterial strains, representing six species of the family enterobacteriaceae, isolated from a variety of native australian mammals were determined under in vitro conditions. each of the bacterial species had a unique thermal profile and differed in their minimum or maximum temperature for growth and in their response to changing temperatures. the taxonomic classification of the host from which the bacterial strains were isolated explained a significant amount of the v ... | 2001 | 11742550 |
| characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rendered animal products. | antibiotics are used in food animal production to treat diseases and also to improve performance. antibiotics are not used on all farms, and antibiotic resistance is occasionally found on farms that do not use antibiotics. rendered animal protein products are often included in poultry feeds and could potentially serve as a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. one hundred sixty-five rendered animal protein products from cattle, poultry, and fish were aseptically collected from poultry feed mi ... | 2001 | 11785899 |
| [total and fecal coliforms, some enterobacteria staphylococcus sp. and moulds in salads for hot dogs sold in maracay, venezuela]. | fast food sold on the streets are good vehicle to transmit gastrointestinal diseases to consumers because they are highly manipulated. the vegetables are a good media for pathogens growth. raw vegetables salads for hot dog sold in maracay were studied. total and fecal coliforms and staphylococcus sp. were quantified by the most probable number technique, coliforms and staphylococcus isolated were partially identified. also the mould population was quantified and identified. microbial growth was ... | 2001 | 12012562 |
| parasitic and bacterial contamination in collards using effluent from treated domestic wastewater in chiang mai, thailand. | thailand often has inadequate water supply for agriculture during the dry season. the reuse of treated wastewater treatment plants could solve this problem. treatment of domestic wastewater of chiang mai municipality by the aerated lagoon system (al) releases more than 25,000 m3 of treated water everyday. the reuse of wastewater in agriculture is an efficient use of water, especially in tropical countries or in drought zones. the objective of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using ... | 2001 | 12041598 |
| detection of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance. | beta-lactams are the most widely used antibiotics, and beta-lactamases are the greatest source of resistance to them. an understanding of beta-lactamase detection and identification is therefore valuable. colorimetric, acidimetric and iodometric tests of beta-lactamase production are good, rapid indicators of penicillin and ampicillin resistance in haemophilus, moraxella and neisseria spp. these methods can also be applied to gram-negative aerobic bacilli but are less useful, since the usual que ... | 2001 | 11420337 |
| identification and strain differentiation of vibrio cholerae by using polyclonal antibodies against outer membrane proteins. | cholera is caused only by o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae strains. for diagnosis, 3 working days are needed for bacterial isolation from human feces and for biochemical characterization. here we describe the purification of bacterial outer membrane proteins (omp) from v. cholerae o1 ogawa, o1 inaba, and o139 strains, as well as the production of specific antisera and their use for fecal vibrio antigen detection. anti-omp antisera showed very high reactivity and specificity by enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2001 | 11427424 |
| potential impact of the vitek 2 system and the advanced expert system on the clinical laboratory of a university-based hospital. | a study was designed to assess the impact of the vitek 2 automated system and the advanced expert system (aes) on the clinical laboratory of a typical university-based hospital. a total of 259 consecutive, nonduplicate isolates of enterobacteriaceae members, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were collected and tested by the vitek 2 system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the results were analyzed by the aes. the results were also analyzed by a huma ... | 2001 | 11427542 |
| development of a pcr assay for identification of staphylococci at genus and species levels. | we have developed a pcr-based assay which allows the detection of staphylococci at the genus level by targeting the tuf gene, which encodes the elongation factor tu. degenerate pcr primers derived from consensus regions of several tuf genes were used to amplify a target region of 884 bp from 11 representative staphylococcal species. subsequently, the entire nucleotide sequence of these amplicons was determined. the analysis of a multiple alignment of these sequences revealed regions conserved am ... | 2001 | 11427566 |
| direct detection of legionella species from bronchoalveolar lavage and open lung biopsy specimens: comparison of lightcycler pcr, in situ hybridization, direct fluorescence antigen detection, and culture. | we developed a rapid thermocycling, real-time detection (also known as real-time pcr) method for the detection of legionella species directly from clinical specimens. this method uses the lightcycler (roche molecular biochemicals, indianapolis, ind.) and requires approximately 1 to 2 h to perform. both a legionella genus pcr assay and legionella pneumophila species-specific pcr assay were designed. a total of 43 archived specimens from 35 patients were evaluated, including 19 bronchoalveolar lav ... | 2001 | 11427579 |
| clonal origin of aminoglycoside-resistant citrobacter freundii isolates in a danish county. | during 1997, attention was drawn to an increased frequency of aminoglycoside-resistant citrobacterfreundii in a danish county, when a total of 24 resistant c. freundii isolates was detected. in this study, 15 such isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, riboprinting and partial sequencing of the gene encoding translation initiation factor 2. fourteen of the 15 isolates were identical, as evaluated by their antibiograms and by all these typing methods. this epidemic strain harbou ... | 2001 | 11444774 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin in a north american surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared to three marketed fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against over 4,000 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the united states and canada between 1997-1999. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested against a majority of gram-positive isolates: streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, macrolide resistant s. pneumoniae, cipro ... | 2001 | 11448564 |
| novel cefotaximase (ctx-m-16) with increased catalytic efficiency due to substitution asp-240-->gly. | three clinical strains (escherichia coli rio-6, e. coli rio-7, and enterobacter cloacae rio-9) collected in 1996 and 1999 from hospitals in rio de janeiro (brazil) were resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and gave a positive double-disk synergy test. two bla(ctx-m) genes encoding beta-lactamases of pl 7.9 and 8.2 were implicated in this resistance: the bla(ctx-m-9) gene observed in e. coli rio-7 and e. cloacae rio-9 and a novel ctx-m-encoding gene, designated bla(ctx-m-16), observed in e. ... | 2001 | 11451684 |
| novel class a beta-lactamase sed-1 from citrobacter sedlakii: genetic diversity of beta-lactamases within the citrobacter genus. | citrobacter sedlakii 2596, a clinical strain resistant to aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, and early cephalosporins such as cephalothin, but remaining susceptible to acylureidopenicillins, carbapenems, and later cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, was isolated from the bile of a patient treated with beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics. the isolate produced an inducible class a beta-lactamase of pi 8.6, named sed-1, which was purified. characterized by a molecular mass of 30 kda, sed-1 pref ... | 2001 | 11451687 |
| molecular characterization of chromosomal class c beta-lactamase and its regulatory gene in ochrobactrum anthropi. | ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly known as cdc group vd, is an oxidase-producing, gram-negative, obligately aerobic, non-lactose-fermenting bacillus of low virulence that occasionally causes human infections. it is highly resistant to all beta-lactams except imipenem. a clinical isolate, slo74, and six reference strains were tested. mics of penicillins, aztreonam, and most cephalosporins tested, including cefotaxime and ceftazidime, were >128 microg/ml and of cefepime were 64 to >128 microg/ml. cl ... | 2001 | 11451692 |
| mutation in serratia marcescens ampc beta-lactamase producing high-level resistance to ceftazidime and cefpirome. | starting from a clinical isolate of serratia marcescens that produced a chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamase inducibly, we isolated by stepwise selection two laboratory mutants that showed high levels of resistance to some cephalosporins. the 98r mutant apparently overproduced the unaltered beta-lactamase constitutively, but the 520r mutant produced an altered enzyme, also constitutively. ceftazidime and cefpirome mics for the 520r mutant were much higher (512 and 64 microg/ml, respectively ... | 2001 | 11451693 |
| source and identification of histamine-producing bacteria from fresh and temperature-abused albacore. | histamine-producing bacteria were isolated from fresh and temperature-abused albacore using two different isolation procedures. typically, the bacterial isolates on niven's or modified niven's medium produced negligible or low levels of histamine (<300 ppm) in histamine enumeration broth. the most frequently found species using this approach was hafnia alvei. by prescreening on selective media (eosin methylene blue [emb] agar for enteric bacteria; deman rogosa sharpe agar for lactic acid bacteri ... | 2001 | 11456189 |
| horizontal transfer of a multi-drug resistance plasmid between coliform bacteria of human and bovine origin in a farm environment. | multi-drug-resistant coliform bacteria were isolated from feces of cattle exposed to antimicrobial agents and humans associated with the animals. isolates from both cattle and humans harbored an r plasmid of 65 kb (ptms1) that may have been transferred between them due to selective antibiotic pressure in the farm environment. | 2001 | 11472956 |
| characterization of clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae from 19 laboratories using the national committee for clinical laboratory standards extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection methods. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes found in gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. in 1999, the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) published methods for screening and confirming the presence of esbls in klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, and escherichia coli. to evaluate the confirmation protocol, we tested 139 isolates of k. pneumoniae that were sent to project icare (intensive care an ... | 2001 | 11474005 |
| evaluation of vitek 2 rapid identification and susceptibility testing system against gram-negative clinical isolates. | a total of 281 strains of miscellaneous members of the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other gram-negative bacteria were evaluated by use of identification tests with the vitek 2 system (biomérieux) and an api identification system (biomérieux). a total of 237 (95%) strains were correctly identified to the species level. only six (2.1%) strains were misidentified, and eight (2.8%) strains were not identified. among 14 strains with discrepant identifications, 8 (57.1%) stra ... | 2001 | 11474023 |
| uv raman spectral intensities of e. coli and other bacteria excited at 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm. | resonance raman spectral intensities per average bacterial cell have been measured quantitatively for gram-negative escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter aerogenes, as well as gram-positive bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus epidermidis. spectra have been obtained from cultures in the lag, log, and stationary growth phases excited in turn by 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm light. although raman spectral peak positions (cm(-1)) excited by a given wavelength are very similar for al ... | 2001 | 11476245 |
| escherichia coli translocation at the blood-brain barrier. | 2001 | 11500388 | |
| intimin-specific immune responses prevent bacterial colonization by the attaching-effacing pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | the formation of attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions on gut enterocytes is central to the pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli, enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), and the rodent pathogen citrobacter rodentium. genes encoding a/e lesion formation map to a chromosomal pathogenicity island termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). here we show that the lee-encoded proteins espa, espb, tir, and intimin are the targets of long-lived humoral immune responses in c. rodentium- ... | 2001 | 11500434 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of tak-083, an agent for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. | the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was tested against 54 clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori and was compared with those of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. the growth-inhibitory activity of tak-083 was more potent than that of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole (the mics at which 90% of the strains are inhibited were 0.031, 0.125, 64, and 8 microg/ml, respectively). the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was highly selective against h. pylori; there was a >30-fo ... | 2001 | 11502514 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1999). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (utis) in 9 institutions in japan were supplied between the period of august 1999 to july 2000. then, the susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. the number of them were 499 strains. the breakdown of these strains was gram-positive bacteria as 31.3% and gram-negative bacteria as 68.7%. susceptibilities of these bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; vanco ... | 2001 | 11510118 |
| enzymatic synthesis of aza-l-tyrosines. | tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii synthesizes 2-aza-l-tyrosine and 3-aza-l-tyrosine from 3-hydroxypyridine and 2-hydroxypyridine, respectively, and ammonium pyruvate. | 2001 | 11514147 |
| detection of legionellae in hospital water samples by quantitative real-time lightcycler pcr. | contamination of hospital water systems with legionellae is a well-known cause of nosocomial legionellosis. we describe a new real-time lightcycler pcr assay for quantitative determination of legionellae in potable water samples. primers that amplify both a 386-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene from legionella spp. and a specifically cloned fragment of the phage lambda, added to each sample as an internal inhibitor control, were used. the amplified products were detected by use of a dual-color hy ... | 2001 | 11525995 |
| rapid identification and differentiation of the soft rot erwinias by 16s-23s intergenic transcribed spacer-pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. | current identification methods for the soft rot erwinias are both imprecise and time-consuming. we have used the 16s-23s rrna intergenic transcribed spacer (its) to aid in their identification. analysis by its-pcr and its-restriction fragment length polymorphism was found to be a simple, precise, and rapid method compared to current molecular and phenotypic techniques. the its was amplified from erwinia and other genera using universal pcr primers. after pcr, the banding patterns generated allow ... | 2001 | 11526007 |
| lytic and lysogenic infection of diverse escherichia coli and shigella strains with a verocytotoxigenic bacteriophage. | a verocytotoxigenic bacteriophage isolated from a strain of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157, into which a kanamycin resistance gene (aph3) had been inserted to inactivate the verocytotoxin gene (vt2), was used to infect enterobacteriaceae strains. a number of shigella and e. coli strains were susceptible to lysogenic infection, and a smooth e. coli isolate (o107) was also susceptible to lytic infection. the lysogenized strains included different smooth e. coli serotypes of both human and ... | 2001 | 11526041 |
| group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia characterized by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing. | little is known about the relative importance of the four species of lancefield group g beta-hemolytic streptococci in causing bacteremia and the factors that determine the outcome for patients with group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia. from 1997 to 2000, 75 group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains were isolated from the blood cultures of 66 patients. sequencing of the 16s rrna genes of the group g beta-hemolytic streptococci showed that all 75 isolates were streptococcus dysgalac ... | 2001 | 11526143 |
| metabolic context and possible physiological themes of sigma(54)-dependent genes in escherichia coli. | sigma(54) has several features that distinguish it from other sigma factors in escherichia coli: it is not homologous to other sigma subunits, sigma(54)-dependent expression absolutely requires an activator, and the activator binding sites can be far from the transcription start site. a rationale for these properties has not been readily apparent, in part because of an inability to assign a common physiological function for sigma(54)-dependent genes. surveys of sigma(54)-dependent genes from a v ... | 2001 | 11528004 |
| cloning, sequence analysis, and characterization of the asta gene encoding an arylsulfate sulfotransferase from citrobacter freundii. | arylsulfate sulfotransferase (asst) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. in the present study, the gene encoding asst was cloned from a genomic library copy of citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pgem3zf(-) and sequenced. sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homology, they were designated as asta and dsba, respectively. the amino acid sequence of ... | 2001 | 11534764 |
| cloning and functional analysis of the pbr lead resistance determinant of ralstonia metallidurans ch34. | the lead resistance operon, pbr, of ralstonia metallidurans (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) strain ch34 is unique, as it combines functions involved in uptake, efflux, and accumulation of pb(ii). the pbr lead resistance locus contains the following structural resistance genes: (i) pbrt, which encodes a pb(ii) uptake protein; (ii) pbra, which encodes a p-type pb(ii) efflux atpase; (iii) pbrb, which encodes a predicted integral membrane protein of unknown function; and (iv) pbrc, which encodes a ... | 2001 | 11544228 |
| sdia of salmonella enterica is a luxr homolog that detects mixed microbial communities. | proteins of the luxr family detect the presence of n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) and regulate transcription accordingly. when ahls are synthesized by the same species that detects them, the system allows a bacterium to measure the population density of its own species, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. the sdia genes of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are predicted to encode luxr homologs. however, these species do not appear to synthesize ahls or any other mo ... | 2001 | 11544237 |
| intervening sequences in rrl genes and fragmentation of 23s rrna in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. | intervening sequences (ivss) in the rrl genes for 23s rrna are transcribed but later removed by rnase iii without religation during rna processing, leading to fragmented rrna. we examined about 240 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae for presence of ivss using pcr. no ivss were detected in strains belonging to escherichia, shigella, enterobacter, erwinia, ewingella, hafnia, kluyvera, morganella, pantoea, or serratia. previously unreported ivss were detected in klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacte ... | 2001 | 11544246 |
| molecular cloning of a bacteroides caccae tonb-linked outer membrane protein identified by an inflammatory bowel disease marker antibody. | commensal enteric bacteria are a required pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), but the identity of the pertinent bacterial species is unresolved. using an ibd-associated panca monoclonal antibody, a 100-kda protein was recently characterized from an ibd clinical isolate of bacteroides caccae (p2lc3). in this study, consensus oligonucleotides were designed from 100-kda peptides and used to identify a single-copy gene from the p2lc3 genome. sequence analysis of the genomic clone ... | 2001 | 11553542 |
| enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection induces expression of the early growth response factor by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in epithelial cells. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is an extracellular bacterial pathogen that infects the human intestinal epithelium and is a major cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. epec belongs to the group of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens. it uses a type iii secretion system to deliver proteins into the host cell that mediate signal transduction events in host cells. we used gene array technology to study epithelial cell responses to epec infection at the level of gene expr ... | 2001 | 11553563 |
| locus of enterocyte effacement from citrobacter rodentium: sequence analysis and evidence for horizontal transfer among attaching and effacing pathogens. | the family of attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens, which includes diarrheagenic enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), remains a significant threat to human and animal health. these bacteria intimately attach to host intestinal cells, causing the effacement of brush border microvilli. the genes responsible for this phenotype are encoded in a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). citrobacter rodentium is the only ... | 2001 | 11553577 |
| evidence for transfer of cmy-2 ampc beta-lactamase plasmids between escherichia coli and salmonella isolates from food animals and humans. | escherichia coli is an important pathogen that shows increasing antimicrobial resistance in isolates from both animals and humans. our laboratory recently described salmonella isolates from food animals and humans that expressed an identical plasmid-mediated, ampc-like beta-lactamase, cmy-2. in the present study, 59 of 377 e. coli isolates from cattle and swine (15.6%) and 6 of 1,017 (0.6%) isolates of human e. coli from the same geographic region were resistant to both cephamycins and extended- ... | 2001 | 11557460 |
| activity of ertapenem (mk-0826) versus enterobacteriaceae with potent beta-lactamases. | ertapenem (mk-0826; l-749,345), a new carbapenem with a long serum half-life, was tested, in vitro, against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. the new compound had a mic at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.06 microg/ml for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiellas, compared with 0.5 microg/ml for imipenem, 16 microg/ml for cefepime, and >128 microg/ml for ceftazidime and piperacillin-tazobactam. mics of ertapenem for ampc-derepressed mutant enterobacteriaceae wer ... | 2001 | 11557477 |
| ampd is required for regulation of expression of nmca, a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae. | to further elucidate the induction process of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of ambler class a, nmca, ampd genes of the wild-type (wt) strain and of ceftazidime-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae nor-1 were cloned and tested in transcomplementation experiments. ceftazidime-resistant e. cloacae nor-1 mutants exhibited derepressed expression of the ampc-type cephalosporinase and of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase nmca. the ampd genes of escherichia coli and e. cloacae w ... | 2001 | 11557489 |
| novel gene cassettes and integrons. | an increase in multiresistant enterobacteriaceae was observed at one of the departments of the university medical center utrecht. nine different integrons and 17 gene cassettes were found, including the new gene cassette aada8. this cassette was highly related to aada3 and aada2. in addition, an unknown promoter sequence was found for two integrons. | 2001 | 11557503 |
| bacteriological quality of aquacultured freshwater fish portions in prepackaged trays stored at 3 degrees c. | fresh trout fillets and salmon slices packed in trays were obtained from two multinational chain supermarkets and evaluated for freshness and bacteriological quality immediately after packaging and during storage at 3 degrees c. initial aerobic counts at 30 and 25 degrees c were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in trout fillets (5.27 +/- 0.57 and 4.87 +/- 0.80 log cfu/g, respectively) than in salmon slices, where levels in excess of 6 log cfu/g were found. in both products, initial enterobacteriac ... | 2001 | 11563518 |
| taqman pcr for detection of vibrio cholerae o1, o139, non-o1, and non-o139 in pure cultures, raw oysters, and synthetic seawater. | vibrio cholerae is recognized as a leading human waterborne pathogen. traditional diagnostic testing for vibrio is not always reliable, because this bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable state. therefore, nucleic acid-based tests have emerged as a useful alternative to traditional enrichment testing. in this article, a taqman pcr assay is presented for quantitative detection of v. cholerae in pure cultures, oysters, and synthetic seawater. primers and probe were designed from the noncla ... | 2001 | 11571173 |
| development of a combined selection and enrichment pcr procedure for clostridium botulinum types b, e, and f and its use to determine prevalence in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs. | a specific and sensitive combined selection and enrichment pcr procedure was developed for the detection of clostridium botulinum types b, e, and f in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs. two enrichment pcr assays, using the dna polymerase rtth, were constructed. one assay was specific for the type b neurotoxin gene, and the other assay was specific for the type e and f neurotoxin genes. based on examination of 29 strains of c. botulinum, 16 strains of other clostridium spp., and 48 non-clostrid ... | 2001 | 11571185 |
| clonal populations of thermotolerant enterobacteriaceae in recreational water and their potential interference with fecal escherichia coli counts. | bacterial strains were isolated from beach water samples using the original environmental protection agency method for escherichia coli enumeration and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical pfge patterns were found for numerous isolates from 4 of the 9 days sampled, suggesting environmental replication. 16s rrna gene sequencing, api 20e biochemical testing, and the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity revealed that these clonal isolates were klebsiella, citrobacter, an ... | 2001 | 11571207 |
| direct identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures by amplification and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene: evaluation of bactec 9240 instrument true-positive and false-positive results. | in a previous study which evaluated the bactec 9240 automated blood culture system (becton dickinson diagnostic instrument systems, sparks, md.), we noted a 1.3% "instrument false-positive" rate. that is, the bactec system signaled that a bottle (bactec plus aerobic/f bottle or bactec anaerobic lytic/10 bottle) culture was positive but a gram stain was negative and there was no growth of bacteria or yeasts on subculture to chocolate agar. furthermore, from the same sample of blood, cultures for ... | 2001 | 11574575 |