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treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalised patients--a comparison of meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin. copd study group.meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin were compared in an open, randomised prospective multicentre study in the treatment of acute exacerbations of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalised patients. one-hundred-and-seventy-three patients were enrolled; 164 were evaluable for clinical efficacy and 98 for bacteriological efficacy, with 144 pathogens isolated. the predominant pathogens were haemophilus influenzae (n = 30), streptococcus pneumoniae (18), staphylococcus aureus (12), p ...19958543488
haemophilus influenzae release histamine and enhance histamine release from human bronchoalveolar cells. examination of patients with chronic bronchitis and controls.haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae), streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) and branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis) are often found in the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic bronchitis. earlier studies have shown that bacteria induce mediator release from human basophils and parenchymal lung mast cells. in this study the capability of bacteria to trigger or potentiate histamine release from superficially located mast cells in the airway epithelium was studied in cell susp ...19958546845
[role of macrolides in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children].macrolides are antibiotics with high intracellular concentrations. they have a bacteriostatic activity but are also bactericides for concentrations five times greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration, concentrations in which they reach in the respiratory tract. they are usually active on streptococcus, neisseria, moraxella catarrhalis, listeria monocytogenes, bordetella pertussis, pasteurella multocida, chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and helicobacter pylori. th ...19958548000
chemotherapy for chronic bronchitis. controversies.chronic bronchitis is a common inflammatory disease of the airways characterised by cough, sputum production and associated features such as dyspnoea and respiratory obstruction. it has a poor prognosis once fully developed and imposes a heavy financial burden on affected societies. chronic bronchitis is subject to periodic exacerbations in which the role of bacterial infection and the rightful place of antibiotic therapy is only slowly emerging, largely due to the non-homogeneity of the populat ...19957899359
construction of a combined noti/smai physical and genetic map of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strain atcc25238.using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and southern hybridization techniques, a physical map of moraxella catarrhalis strain atcc25238 was constructed to provide basic genetic knowledge of this bacterium that has attracted attention in recent years as a human pathogen. restriction endonuclease noti cut the genome into 10 fragments and smai into 9, and the molecular size of the genome was estimated to be 1,940 kilobases. location of the 12 genes participating in the biosynthesis of purine, ...19958577264
moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis: restriction enzyme analysis typing with hinfi, haeiii and psti.restriction enzyme analysis typing with hinfi, haeiii and psti was performed on moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains consecutively collected from children suspected of respiratory tract infection and the type strain. use of hinfi gave the most distinct patterns. great polymorphism was seen among strains.19958580900
[beta-lactamases of branhamella catarrhalis and their phenotypic implications].of the 50 strains of beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis isolated at saint joseph's hospital (paris) that were studied, 94% produced bro-1 type beta-lactamase and 6% produced the bro-2 type. we examined the transfer of bro-1 and bro-2 genes and found that, among 7 donor strains producing bro-1, all were able to transfer the gene for bro-1 production by conjugation. of the 4 donor strains producing bro-2, 2 were able to transfer the gene for bro-2 production by conjugation. three bro ...19958584798
trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract.rates of antimicrobial resistance have been increasing in bacteria responsible for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in the united states. nearly 100% of clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis now produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme that renders this pathogen resistant to such agents as penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. however, this organism remains nearly uniformly susceptible to alternative oral antimicrobials, such as cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines, be ...19958585554
effectiveness of short-course therapy (5 days) with cefuroxime axetil in treatment of secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis.five hundred thirty-seven patients were enrolled in two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials comparing the clinical and bacteriologic efficacies and the safety of 5- or 10-day treatment with cefuroxime axetil with those of 10-day treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis. patients received either 5 or 10 days of treatment (n = 177 in each group) with cefuroxime axetil at 250 mg twice daily o ...19958585739
[antimicrobial activities of cefepime against clinically isolated strains].in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefepime (cfpm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cfpm and other drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained in 1994. 1. cfpm showed a wide antibacterial spectrum against staphylococcus spp. and glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods ((g)nf-gnr). antimicrobial activities of cfpm against staphylococcus spp. were stronger than those of ceftazidime (caz) and somewhat stronger than those of cefotaxime (ctx), and an ...19958587165
[antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin against freshly isolated clinical strains from outpatients].in order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc) against freshly isolated clinical strains obtained in 1995, beta-lactamase activities and minimum inhibitory concentration (mics) were determined including those of the control drugs. the results are summarized as follows; 1. detection frequencies of beta-lactamase producing strains were as follows: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (mssa, 90.0%), haemophilus influenzae (22.0%), m ...19958587166
development of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to penicillin in middle-ear isolates of moraxella catarrhalis in finnish children, 1978-1993.the frequency of beta-lactamase production was analyzed in a study of 1,452 strains of moraxella catarrhalis and 2,738 strains of haemophilus influenzae isolated from middle-ear fluid of children < 6 years of age at tampere university hospital in tampere, finland, between 1978 and 1993. in addition, 401 isolates of m. catarrhalis from similar samples collected in different parts of finland in 1988-1990 were tested for beta-lactamase production; minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, ce ...19958589142
synthesis of 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl 3-deoxy-5-o-(3,4,6-tri-o-beta-d- glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyrano sid onic acid, a highly branched pentasaccharide corresponding to structures found in lipopolysaccharides from moraxella catarrhalis.syntheses of the pentasaccharide 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl 3-deoxy-5-o-(3,4,6- tri-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-manno-oct-2- ulopyranosidonic acid and of the tetrasaccharide 3,4,6-tri-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside, both as its methyl and 2-(4-trifluoro-acetamidophenyl)ethyl glycoside, are described. these oligosaccharides correspond to structures found in the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis and were needed for biological experiments aimed at ...19958590446
clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media with effusion.two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials, one of which included microbiologic evaluation of middle-ear fluid obtained by use of tympanocentesis, compared the efficacy and safety of two oral antibiotics, cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension, in the treatment of children 3 months to 12 years old diagnosed with acute otitis media with effusion (aome). four hundred seventy-seven pediatric patients with signs and symptoms of aome we ...19958595636
clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of patients with secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis.two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials compared the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy and safety of two oral antibiotics, cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate, in the treatment of patients with secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis (hereafter denoted acute bronchitis). three hundred sixty patients with signs and symptoms of acute bronchitis were enrolled at 22 centers and were randomly assigned to receive 10 days of treatment with e ...19958595638
binding specificity for four monoclonal antibodies recognizing terminal gal alpha 1-->4gal residues in haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide.four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with the outer-core region of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from haemophilus influenzae were generated after immunization with azide-killed h. influenzae rm.7004 ah1-2 and their epitope specificities studied. the monoclonal antibodies: mahi 6 (igm), mahi 5 (igg2a), mahi 8 (igg3), and mahi 11 (igg2b) bound to synthetic glycoconjugates or glycolipids with terminal galabiosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1-) or globotriaosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1 1- ...19958559043
spectrum and significance of bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis.fifty-eight cases of bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis, including seven that occurred in patients treated at our facilities, are analyzed. the host's medical history plays a major role in the presentation and outcome of m. catarrhalis bacteremia. bacteremia is typically accompanied by pneumonia in adults with underlying respiratory disease. many neutropenic patients do not manifest a focus of infection; in contrast, the source identified in healthy, immunocompetent patients is usually the ...19958562749
pathogenicity of moraxella catarrhalis in cystic fibrosis. 19958563244
antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone.the antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone drug, was tested against 761 clinical isolates. cs-940 activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae was most similar to that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, with a large range of mics inhibiting 90% of isolates tested (mic90s) of 0.015 to 16 micrograms/ml (median mic90, 0.06 micrograms/ml). cs-940 had greater activity than ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin when they were tested against acinetobacter spp. (mic90s, 0.03 mic ...19958619590
[pathogenic bacteria isolated from the sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema].isolated pathogenic bacteria from sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema who were admitted in our hospital from 1984 to 1994 were examined to elucidate the relationship between isolated bacteria from sputum and pulmonary functions including vital capacity (vc), forced expiratory volume (fev1.0), pao2 and paco2. vc of the patients from whom mssa (methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus) or enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) were isolated was significantly lower than that of the pati ...19958708405
bactericidal kinetics and postantibiotic effect of sparfloxacin against selected species of respiratory pathogens.we determined the bactericidal kinetics and postantibiotic effect (pae) of sparfloxacin against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumonia, streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus. time-kill studies were performed by using 1 x and 4 x the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and erythromycin (inoculum 10(5) and 10(7) cfu/ml). the pae was induced by exposing the strai ...19958667038
increasing incidence of penicillin- and ampicillin-resistant middle ear pathogens.during a 13-month period ending in january, 1995, we obtained 159 samples of middle ear exudate through tympanocentesis (n = 155) or acute spontaneous otorrhea (n = 4) from 151 children enrolled in therapeutic trials of acute otitis media in a pediatric practice in northern virginia. their ages ranged from < 1 to > 6 years of age (mean, 35 months; median, 22 months). precise diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media always included bulging outward of all or part of the eardrum, opacification of ...19958745021
biochemical analysis of lactoferrin receptors in the neisseriaceae: identification of a second bacterial lactoferrin receptor protein.bacterial transferrin receptors that have been described in the families pasteurellaceae and neisseriaceae are composed of two receptor proteins, transferrin binding proteins 1 and 2 (tbp1 and tbp2). in contrast, bacterial lactoferrin receptors have only been described for human pathogens in the family neisseriaceae, and were believed to consist of a single protein, lbp1, which is highly homologous to tbp1. we describe a modified affinity isolation procedure that facilities isolation of a second ...19958778564
outer membrane protein cd of branhamella catarrhalis: sequence conservation in strains recovered from the human respiratory tract.branhamella catarrhalis causes lower respiratory tract infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the outer membrane protein cd (omp-cd) of b. catarrhalis is a major, heat-modifiable omp. the goals of this study are to characterize the degree of conservation of omp-cd among strains and to investigate if omp-cd maintains its homogeneity under the effect of host immune selective pressure. isolates of b. catarrhalis were collected prospectively from patients with bronchiecta ...19958825909
antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase production of moraxella catarrhalis isolates in taiwan.between 1 august 1993 and 31 july 1994, 135 clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis were collected from 12 large medical laboratories in taiwan. the majority of specimens came from sputum (124 isolates). other specimens included four isolates from throats, three isolates from wounds or pus, two isolates from eyes, one isolate from blood and one from cerebrospinal fluid. epidemiologically, m. catarrhalis isolates were found frequently in winter and spring with a peak in february, and only spor ...19958696169
antibiogram of bacterial isolates from cases of otitis media and lower respiratory tract infections.a total of one hundred and two cases of otitis media were screened for the isolation of bacterial flora of ears. out of this, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae accounting for 41.2%, 25.5% and 13.3% respectively were isolated. a further two hundred and four sputum samples from cases of lower respiratory tract infections were screened. moraxella catarrhalis, s. aureus, s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae constituting 20.9%, 37%, 30% and 21% were isolated in tha ...19958886150
in vitro antibacterial activity of nine oral antibiotics against branhamella catarrhalis clinical isolates. 19958904112
upper respiratory tract infections - otitis media, sinusitis and pharyngitis.management of the patient with otitis media, sinusitis or pharyngotonsillitis is based on information about the host, the organism and the antimicrobial agent. otitis media (om) is a common infection in children but selected children have recurrent and chronic om. the predominant organisms responsible for om are streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility govern the choice of antimicrobial agents. surgical treatment shoul ...19958919162
the beta-lactamases of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated from danish children.two distinct beta-lactamases have been isolated from moraxella catarrhalis: the stronger acting bro-1 enzyme and the weaker acting bro-2. several reports have noted an effect of penicillin and ampicillin on infections caused by m. catarrhalis in spite of the presence of beta-lactamase production. the purpose of this work was to charaterize the beta-lactamases of m. catarrhalis isolated from danish children regarding type and susceptibility, and to relate these findings to the eradication of beta ...19968920809
[antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin against clinical isolates].to examine the antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin (cam) against strains clinically isolated from outpatients in 1994, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for cam and the control drugs. the results were as follows; 1. mic50 and mic90 of cam were similar to those investigated in 1980's against many bacterial species. 2. cam showed strong antimicrobial activities against beta-lactamase producing moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, bordetella pertussis, campylobact ...19968935125
tetrameric repeat units associated with virulence factor phase variation in haemophilus also occur in neisseria spp. and moraxella catarrhalis.the tetrameric repeat units 5'-caat-3' and 5'-gcaa-3' are associated with phase variable expression of lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes in haemophilus influenzae. four other tetrameric repeat units have also been reported from h. influenzae strain rd, 5'-caac-3', 5'-gaca-3', 5'-agct-3', and 5'-ttta-3', which are also associated with putative virulence factors. using oligonucleotide probes corresponding to five tandem copies of each of these tetramers, we have screened three strains of neiss ...19968935664
results of the alexander project: a continuing, multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens.in 1992, an ongoing, international multicenter study was established to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens: the alexander project. isolates cultured from patients living in geographically separated areas, ten in the european union (eu) and five in the united states (us), were collected and tested using standard methods in a central laboratory. a total of 4,155 isolates of haemophilus influenzae was collected during the p ...19968937841
a multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract pathogens in the united states, 1992-1994. the alexander project.a multicenter, collaborative study was performed over a three-year period (1992-1994) to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. isolates were collected from five geographically separated medical centers in the united states and sent to a central laboratory for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. of 350, 536, and 372 isolates of h. influenz ...19968937842
monoclonal antibodies against haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharides: clone mahi 4 binding to a pentasaccharide containing terminal beta-gal residues and clone mahi 10 recognizing terminal phosphorylated saccharide residues.mouse monoclonal antibodies mahi 4 and mahi 10 reactive with haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide (lps), were generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with h. influenzae strain rm.7004-xp-1. the antibody mahi 4 reacted in whole-cell enzyme immunoassay (eia) and colony-dot-immunoblotting with 20 of 123 h. influenzae strains and to a few other human haemophilus spp. and neisseria spp., but not to any bordetella pertussis, b. parapertussis, aeromonas spp. or ...19968938639
in vitro activity of sanfetrinem (gv104326), a new trinem antimicrobial agent, versus streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis.sanfetrinem, formerly gv104326, is a new trinem antimicrobial agent with extensive in vitro activity for a variety of different bacteria. the activity of sanfetrinem was determined using a broth microdilution mic method versus a large number of clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis obtained in a recent 30-center united states surveillance study. the sanfetrinem mic50 and mic90 values for these three organism groups were 0.015 and 0.5 mic ...19968950528
preparation and in vitro antibacterial activity of 9-o-glycosyloxime derivatives of erythromycin a, a new class of macrolide antibiotics.9-o-glycosyloxime derivatives of erythromycin a have been synthesized and their in vitro antibacterial activity compared with that of erythromycin a (1). this new class of macrolide antibiotics showed reduced antibacterial spectrum. however, some derivatives were as or more active than erythromycin a (1) against strains, responsible for respiratory track infections, such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis or streptococcus pneumoniae.19968968398
dendritic cells are recruited into the airway epithelium during the inflammatory response to a broad spectrum of stimuli.a key rate-limiting step in the adaptive immune response at peripheral challenge sites is the transmission of antigen signals to t cells in regional lymph nodes. recent evidence suggests that specialized dendritic cells (dc) fulfill this surveillance function in the resting state, but their relatively slow turnover in most peripheral tissues brings into question their effectiveness in signaling the arrival of highly pathogenic sources of antigen which require immediate mobilization of the full r ...19968976199
recent trends in clinical isolates from paranasal sinusitis.trends in the detection of causative pathogens and changes in bacterial counts in patients with sinusitis treated between january 1989 and december 1993 were investigated. in adult patients with chronic sinusitis, staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), coagulase negative staphylococci (cns), streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae), corynebacterium sp., haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae), and moraxella catarrhalis were often isolated while pseudomonas aeruginosa (p. aeruginosa) and anaerobic bac ...19968908270
mechanism for synergism between sulphonamides and trimethoprim clarified.pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, pseudomonas cepacia and moraxella catarrhalis were selected for their markedly different resistance patterns to sulphonamides and trimethoprim. in addition, strains of e. coli and p. cepacia were selected having different resistance profiles to the inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase. all inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase combined in any combination with inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase resulted in mutual enha ...19968910868
serum antibody response to outer membrane proteins of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in patients with bronchopulmonary infection.a western blot (immunoblot) method for detecting antibodies against outer membrane protein (omp) epitopes of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis was evaluated. paired serum samples from patients suspected of m. catarrhalis (n = 38) and non-m. catarrhalis (n = 25) bronchopulmonary infection were examined for the presence of antibodies of the immunoglobulin m (igm), igg, and iga classes to omps from m. catarrhalis by a gel electrophoresis-immunoperoxidase technique (western blotting); sera from 40 ...19968914764
microbiology of the transition from acute to chronic maxillary sinusitis.repeated aspirations of sinus secretions by endoscopy was performed in five patients over a period of 34-50 days and, ultimately, surgical drainage was done in three who presented with acute maxillary sinusitis that did not respond to antimicrobial therapy and became chronic. the aspirates were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. most of the bacteria isolated from the first culture were aerobic or facultative bacteria: streptococcus pneumoniae (three isolates), haemophilus influenzae no ...19968918954
neonatal meningitis due to moraxella catarrhalis and review of the literature.moraxella catarrhalis has been reported with increasing frequency to be the aetiological agent of serious systemic infection in both children and adults. the first case of neonatal meningitis due to this organism is described herein. the fatal outcome and causes of failure of response to antimicrobial therapy are also discussed. a brief review of the literature describing the disease entities with which m. catarrhalis has been associated is presented.19968893948
in vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates.the comparative in vitro activity of trovafloxacin (cp 99,219), a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against 511 clinical isolates. mics of trovafloxacin were fourfold higher than those of ciprofloxacin for 184 enterobacteriaceae and 110 non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli. however, trovafloxacin was 16-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against 162 gram-positive staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci, and enterococci, and two- to fourfold more active against haemophilus influenzae and mor ...19968894581
bactericidal activity, morphological alterations, and synergistic interactions of rufloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, alone and in combination with its n-desmethylate d derivative (mf 922).the in vitro activity of rufloxacin, alone and in combination with its metabolite (mf 922) against common respiratory and urinary tract pathogens and anaerobes was assessed. no synergistic interaction between rufloxacin and mf 922 was observed by the checkerboard technique against aerobic bacteria. when the time-kill system was employed, 24 synergistic interactions were noted out of 30 tests performed (80%), of which 14 (100%) were with enterobacteriaceae isolates, 2 with moraxella catarrhalis ( ...19968697894
a monoclonal antibody reactive with a common epitope of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis lipopolysaccharides.a hybrid cell line producing a monoclonal antibody (mab) against moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis lipopolysaccharide (lps) was established. the specificity of the mab 1b12 to purified rough lpss from six strains of m. catarrhalis was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), competitive-inhibition elisa, and immunoblotting. mab 1b12 bound to live bacterial cells and culture supernatants from a total of 34 strains of m. catarrhalis, including 12 strains with different lps serot ...19968705682
[antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against clinical isolates].in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefodizime (cdzm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cdzm and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates collected from nation-wide medical institutions and in our laboratory from september to december of 1992 and from september to december of 1995. the results are summarized as follows: 1. bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cdzm included streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, citrobacter koseri, pr ...19968986558
[pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of azithromycin using fine granules or capsules in the pediatric patients].azithromycin (azm), a new macrolide antibiotic, in fine granules and in capsules was studied for pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations. 1. antibacterial activities. mic profile of azm was as follows: 0.78 approximately 1.56 micrograms/ml against staphylococcus aureus, < or = 0.025 approximately 0.10 microgram/ml against streptococcus pyogenes, 0.10 approximately 0.39 and 6.25 micrograms/ml against streptococcus pneumoniae, < or = 0.025 approximately 0.39 microgram/ml against moraxella(branham ...19968988410
[a clinical evaluation of azithromycin in the treatment of pediatric infection].fine granule preparation of azithromycin (azm), a new macrolide antibiotic, was given to treat various infections in pediatric patients. efficacies of azm in a total of 21 patients (tonsillitis in six, bronchitis in five, pneumonia in five, impetigo contagiosa in three, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in one and bacterial enterogastritis in one) were rated "excellent" in 11 patients and "good" in eight. the remaining two cases were not included in the evaluation. azm eradicated all strains ...19968988413
the structures of oligosaccharides isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis serotype b, strain ccug 3292.the oligosaccharides from the lipopolysaccharides of moraxella catarrhalis serotype b, strain ccug 3292, were isolated after mild acid hydrolysis and separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. the structures of the oligosaccharides were established by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. it is concluded that the oligosaccharides comprise a mixture of mainly a nona- and a deca-saccharide. [formula: see text] smaller amounts of unde ...19969002189
haemagglutination properties of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.the ability of 30 isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis to haemagglutinate erythrocytes of five species was examined. two haemagglutination phenotypes of m. catarrhalis were observed: phenotype i isolates (n = 10) agglutinated human erythrocytes, while phenotype ii isolates (n = 7) agglutinated both human and rabbit erythrocytes. no haemagglutination was observed with chick, sheep or horse erythrocytes. haemagglutination by both phenotype i and ii isolates was abolished following treat ...19969069102
cefpodoxime proxetil suspension compared with cefaclor suspension for treatment of acute otitis media in paediatric patients.a multicentre open-label, randomised trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of cefpodoxime proxetil bd and cefaclor tds in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. a total of 167 children aged from 1 month to 11 years were enrolled in five centres: 78 treated with cefpodoxime and 83 treated with cefaclor, were evaluated in the itt analysis. after tympanocentesis and culture of middle ear fluid, a pathogen was isolated from 85 (53%) of the 161 evaluable patients for the it ...19969182113
cefixime in the treatment of patients with lower respiratory tract infections: results of us clinical trials.community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections are a common cause of illness, accounting for millions of physician visits and prescriptions each year. cefixime is an extended-spectrum oral cephalosporin with activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, the most commonly isolated bacterial pathogens. this review presents the results of eight us studies comparing the efficacy and safety of cefixime with those of amoxicillin, amoxicillin ...19968829015
comparison of cefprozil, cefpodoxime proxetil, loracarbef, cefixime, and ceftibuten.to discuss the pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, clinical trials, and adverse effects of cefprozil, cefpodoxime proxetil, loracarbef, cefixime, and ceftibuten, an investigational cephalosporin.19968833562
colonization and infection with moraxella catarrhalis in childhood.in a prospective clinical study, rates of isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in nasopharyngeal aspirates from 122 children with respiratory tract infection and 72 healthy controls were compared. in the patient group, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated pathogens (38% and 42%, respectively). monocultures of each pathogen were equally distributed in patients and controls (41% and 42%), whereas mixed infections were found more frequently in the patie ...19968839647
anti-staphylococcus aureus, anti-streptococcus pneumoniae and anti-moraxella catarrhalis specific ige in asthmatic children.the total serum ige levels and the presence of anti-staphylococcu aureus, anti-streptococcus pneumoniae and anti-moraxella catarrhalis specific ige antibodies were studied in 34 asthmatic children (aged 1-12 years). eleven of them also suffered also from subacute or chronic sinusitis. total and specific ige were determined by radioimmunoassay in solid phase. the total serum ige levels were increased in 82.3% of the cases. it was observed that 73.5% of the children had detectable specific ige ant ...19968844505
in vitro activities of u-100592 and u-100766, novel oxazolidinone antibacterial agents.oxazolidinones make up a relatively new class of antimicrobial agents which possess a unique mechanism of bacterial protein synthesis inhibition. u-100592 (s)-n-[[3-[3-fluoro-4-[4-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-piperazinyl]- phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-acetamide and u-100766 (s)-n-[[3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]- 2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-acetamide are novel oxazolidinone analogs from a directed chemical modification program. mics were determined for a variety of bacterial clinical isolate ...19968849237
molecular characterization of the bro beta-lactamase of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.a rapid increase in the prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains has been noticed during the last decades. today, more than 80% of strains isolated worldwide produce beta-lactamase. to investigate beta-lactamase(s) of m. catarrhalis at the molecular level, the bro-1 beta-lactamase gene (bla) was isolated as part of a 4,223-bp hindiii fragment. sequence analysis indicated that bla encodes a polypeptide of 314 amino acid residues. insertional inactivation ...19968849261
[susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1992)].bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan since 1981, and ikemoto et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of the isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and the relationships between the isolates and characteristics of the patients and so forth each year. we discuss the results in detail. in 20 institutions around the entire japan from october 1992 to september 1993, 690 strains of ...19968851305
a multicentre collaborative study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired, lower respiratory tract pathogens 1992-1993: the alexander project.the alexander project is a unique, international, collaborative antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance study of bacterial pathogens causing community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection. fifteen centres, ten in the european union (eu) and five in the usa, each submitted up to 400 isolated per year for 2 years (1992 and 1993) to a central laboratory for re-identification and determination of mics of 15 antimicrobials using the sensititre microbroth incorporation technique. of the total ...19968858472
antibiotic susceptibility patterns of community-acquired respiratory isolates of moraxella catarrhalis in western europe and in the usa. the alexander project collaborative group.eight hundred and eighteen moraxella catarrhalis strains, isolated in 1992 and 1993 at 15 centres in western europe and the usa were tested for beta-lactamase production and resistance to 15 antibiotics. the proportion of beta-lactamase producing strains in europe rose significantly from 70% in 1992 to 82% in 1993, whilst in the usa the increase (85-92%) was not significant. penicillin and amoxycillin resistance was more prevalent in the usa than in europe. all penicillin-resistant strains isola ...19968858475
trends in antibiotic resistance of respiratory pathogens: an analysis and commentary on a collaborative surveillance study.the evolution of antibiotic resistance was studied among common respiratory tract pathogens in five countries of the european union and in the usa during 1992-1993. the data obtained from a collaborative surveillance study were submitted to population analysis, to detect possible shifts in antibiotic susceptibility and, therefore, associated mechanisms of resistance. among the emerging haemophilus influenzae phenotypes were isolates that did not correspond to the beta-lactamase negative, amino-p ...19968858478
the clinical relevance of in-vitro resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin and alternative agents, for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.the documentation of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory pathogens, contained within the alexander project, does not necessarily translate into clinical resistance in the treatment of primary community-acquired pneumonia. there is, in particular, little evidence that penicillin resistance in pneumococci is clinically relevant for the treatment of pneumonia, and there is further evidence that the production of beta-lactamase by haemophilus influenzae may not always be clinically relevant with ...19968858479
relevance of the alexander project: pharmacodynamic considerations.application of pharmacodynamic principles for interpretation of data generated by the alexander project is possible for beta-lactam, quinolone and macrolide antibiotics. for beta-lactams, the time that serum concentrations remain above the mic of the pathogen (t > mic) is the parameter most closely linked with outcome. it has been shown that t > mic need be only 50-60% of a dose interval. since the mic has the greatest influence on this parameter, a conservative estimate of activity would use th ...19968858480
the alexander project: using in-vitro susceptibility data for choosing empirical therapy in lrti.an international collaborative survey of susceptibility in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection pathogens collected > 6000 strains from six countries during 1992 and 1993. the four major pathogens were streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus. mics of 15 antibiotics were determined and sensitivity interpretations applied using breakpoints based on those of the nccls. this analysis highlighted some anomalies, notably for bet ...19968858481
nasal inflammation and chronic ear disease in australian aboriginal children.chronic middle ear disease is common in aboriginal children, and may be linked to nasal inflammation and eustachian tube dysfunction. the pattern of nasal inflammation is unknown. the study reported here was performed to define the role of allergy and infection in causing nasal inflammation in aboriginal children with chronic middle ear disease.19968860389
microbiology and management of sinusitis.the pathophysiology, microbiology, and treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis are reviewed.19968863213
evaluation of nasopharyngeal cultures for bacteriologic assessment of acute otitis media in children.the recent emergence of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly in acute otitis media (aom), has increased interest in the development of noninvasive procedures that might help to predict the bacterial etiology of this condition. we conducted an open multicenter study to evaluate the predictive value of the nasopharyngeal (np) sampling in children with aom by comparing the bacteriologic results of np cultures with those of pus collected by myringotomy in the same patients.19968866802
the incidence of respiratory tract pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated between 1990 and 1993.using a quantitative culture of sputum, the incidence of pathogenic bacteria in respiratory infection in our laboratory between 1990 and 1993 were investigated. while haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were isolated at high rates (67-78%) from the specimens of outpatients throughout the study period, the incidence of s pneumoniae has increased gradually. the antimicrobial susceptibilities of these three pathogens were examined with the agar d ...19968875767
a multicenter, open label trial of azithromycin for the treatment of children with acute otitis media.in this multicenter, open label trial the investigators evaluated the efficacy and safety of azithromycin suspension administered once daily for 5 days for the treatment of clinically and bacteriologically established acute otitis media.19968878240
a multicenter, open label trial of azithromycin vs. amoxicillin/ clavulanate for the management of acute otitis media in children.this randomized, open label study compared the efficacy and safety of a 5-day course of once daily azithromycin to those of a 10-day course of three times daily amoxicillin/ clavulanate.19968878241
moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia as a cause of erythema nodosum. 19968879804
azithromycin. a review of its pharmacological properties and use as 3-day therapy in respiratory tract infections.the azalide antibacterial agent azithromycin is a semisynthetic acid-stable erythromycin derivative with an expanded spectrum of activity and improved tissue pharmacokinetic characteristics relative to erythromycin. the drug is noted for its activity against some gram-negative organisms associated with respiratory tract infections, particularly haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin has similar activity to other macrolides against streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, and is active a ...19968882383
separation and characterization of o-deacylated lipooligosaccharides and glycans derived from moraxella catarrhalis using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry.electrophoretic methods have been developed for the analysis of complex carbohydrates derived from lipooligosaccharides (los) of moraxella catarrhalis using capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (ce-esms). separation of lipooligosaccharides (los) arising from mild hydrazinolysis of the intact lipopolysaccharides (lps) was achieved using aqueous ammonium formate, and enabled identification of sites of heterogeneity (phosphates, phosphoethanolamine, and pendant acyl g ...19968789142
cefuroxime axetil. a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy.cefuroxime axetil is an oral cephalosporin which is rapidly hydrolysed to the active parent compound, cefuroxime. cefuroxime has a broad spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity which encompasses methicillin-sensitive staphylococci and the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and group a beta-haemolytic streptococci. cefuroxime has broad spectrum activity against the beta-lactamase positive respiratory pathogens h. ...19968799689
branhamella catarrhalis: epidemiology, surface antigenic structure, and immune response.over the past decade, branhamella catarrhalis has emerged as an important human pathogen. the bacterium is a common cause of otitis media in children and of lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. b. catarrhalis is exclusively a human pathogen. it colonizes the respiratory tract of a small proportion of adults and a larger proportion of children. studies involving restriction enzyme analysis of genomic dna show that colonization is a dynamic proce ...19968801433
brodimoprim: effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations on virulence traits of respiratory and urinary tract pathogens, and on plasmid transfer and stability.the effects of brodimoprim, a new trimethoprim analogue, on several virulence traits of respiratory and urinary tract pathogens exposed to sub-lethal levels of the drug was studied. adherence to tracheal epithelial cells was inhibited by brodimoprim in klebsiella pneumoniae (41-67% reduction), moraxella catarrhalis (87-90%) and haemophilus influenzae (0-53%), while in streptococcus pneumoniae binding was unaffected. with buccal epithelial cells the comparison between treated and control bacteria ...19968808712
in vitro activity of cefdinir against respiratory pathogens isolated in sicily with reference to beta-lactamase production.the in vitro activity of cefdinir (ci-983, fk-482), an orally absorbed aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was evaluated against all 287 strains of haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes in comparison with cefaclor, cefuroxime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole. the bactericidal activity of cefdinir, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and erythromycin was determined ag ...19968808715
azithromycin--review of key chemical, pharmacokinetic and microbiological features.one of the chemical features that distinguishes the 15-membered ring azalide azithromycin from the 14-membered ring macrolide compound erythromycin is the former's increased stability at acid ph. azithromycin also differs pharmacokinetically from erythromycin, an important feature being azithromycin's ability to achieve high tissue concentrations, with the agent being delivered to the sites of infection by direct uptake and by targeted delivery via phagocytes. high tissue concentrations are main ...19968818841
efficacy, safety and tolerability of azithromycin versus roxithromycin in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections.in an open, multicentre study, the clinical and bacteriological efficacy, safety and tolerance of azithromycin and roxithromycin were compared in a total of 204 adults with acute lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) [acute bronchitis, acute infectious exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aiecbs), or pneumonia]. following treatment with 500 mg/day azithromycin administered orally once daily for 3 days, a satisfactory clinical response of cure or improvement was recorded in 91/99 (91.9%) eva ...19968818852
pcr-based detection of bacterial dna after antimicrobial treatment is indicative of persistent, viable bacteria in the chinchilla model of otitis media.bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) has been previously detected by polymerase chain reactions (pcr) in a significant percentage of culturally-sterile pediatric middle-ear effusions. the current study was designed to determine whether this represents the existence of viable bacteria or the persistence of residual dna in the middle-ear cleft.19968820185
effectiveness of five days of therapy with cefuroxime axetil suspension for treatment of acute otitis media.in recent years there has been considerable interest in reducing the duration of antibiotic treatment regimens in patients with common bacterial infections. we conducted two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials, one of which included microbiologic evaluation of middle ear fluid obtained by tympanocentesis, comparing the efficacy and safety of 5 or 10 days of treatment with cefuroxime axetil suspension (cae) with that of 10 days of treatment with amoxicillin/ ...19968822290
prophylaxis with amoxicillin or sulfisoxazole for otitis media: effect on the recovery of penicillin-resistant bacteria from children.the rate of recovery of oropharyngeal penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and aerobic and anaerobic beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (blpb) from children who received a 4- to 6-month course of prophylaxis with amoxicillin or sulfisoxazole for otitis media was investigated monthly over 9 months. the blpb recovered were haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, pigmented prevotella species, and fusobacterium species. the recovery rate for all penicillin-resis ...19968824982
cefetamet pivoxil: comparable evaluation with other orally available antibiotics against selected species of respiratory pathogens.cefetamet pivoxil, the prodrug ester of cefetamet, is a new third-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity. the in vitro activity of cefetamet was superior to that of cefaclor, ceftibuten, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, and amoxicillin alone when tested against 403 strains of freshly isolated upper and lower respiratory tract pathogens. cefetamet killed 100% haemophilus influenzae and h. parainfluenzae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains, at < or = 0.25 mg/l, strepto ...19968751262
comparative evaluation of orally active antibiotics against community-acquired pathogens: results of eight european countries.in this multicenter study conducted in eight european countries, 13,173 pathogens--all isolated from community-acquired infections in 1992 and 1993--were evaluated for their susceptibility to the following orally active antibiotics: penicillin g, ampicillin, amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefetamet, doxycycline and erythromycin. ten centers in italy, five in germany, in the netherlands and switzerland, four in greece and spain, three in hungary and one in finland contrib ...19968751263
outer membrane protein b1, an iron-repressible protein conserved in the outer membrane of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, binds human transferrin.moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a gram-negative human mucosal pathogen, which primarily causes otitis media in young children. however, this bacterium is also a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in adults with underlying lung disease. our previous data have shown that m. catarrhalis expresses iron-repressible outer membrane proteins in response to iron limitation. we have extended these observations to demonstrate that one of these proteins, termed outer membrane protein ...19968751951
[susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1994)].bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, since 1981. ikemoto et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. results obtained from these investigations are discussed. in 23 institutions around the entire japan, 492 strains of presumably etiological bacteria were isolated ...19968752860
moraxella catarrhalis in acute laryngitis: infection or colonization?the complement phenotypes of moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained from adult patients with acute laryngitis were investigated using a microliter serum bactericidal assay and compared with those of other donor groups. laryngitis isolates had a higher proportion (57%) of complement-resistant strains than did carrier strains from healthy 8- to 13-year-old schoolchildren (16%). the difference between these groups was statistically significant (chi2 [3 x 2 table] = 21.55; p < .001). the relatively ...19968769627
evaluation of purified uspa from moraxella catarrhalis as a vaccine in a murine model after active immunization.moraxella catarrhalis causes otitis media, laryngitis, and respiratory infections in humans. a high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein from this bacterium named ubiquitous surface protein a (uspa) is present on all isolates. a monoclonal antibody (mab) to uspa that recognizes a conserved epitope of this protein has been shown to promote pulmonary clearance of bacteria in passively immunized mice. in the present study, m. catarrhalis heterologous isolates were screened by dot blot with a pan ...19968675285
expression of the copb outer membrane protein by moraxella catarrhalis is regulated by iron and affects iron acquisition from transferrin and lactoferrin.the amino acid sequence of the cell-surface-exposed, 81-kda copb outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis was found to be similar to those of tonb-dependent outer membrane proteins of other gram-negative bacteria. expression of copb was affected by the availability of iron in the growth medium, and the extent of overexpression of copb in response to iron limitation varied widely among the m. catarrhalis strains tested. wild-type m. catarrhalis strains were found to be able to utilize ferr ...19968675303
effects of antibiotic treatment in the subset of common-cold patients who have bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretions.upper-respiratory-tract infection is one of the main causes of overuse of antibiotics. we have found previously that bacteria such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae can be isolated from the nasopharyngeal secretions of a substantial proportion of adults with upper-respiratory-tract infections. we have assessed the efficacy of co-amoxiclav in patients with common colds but no clinical signs of sinusitis or other indications for antibiotics.19968684101
multiple pathogens in adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a one year prospective study of 346 consecutive patients.the purpose of this study was to assess the causes of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients admitted to hospital.19968711652
[susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1993)].bacteria isolated from respiratory tract infections were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, since 1981, and the ikemotor et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of the isolates of various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and the relationships between the isolates and backgrounds of the patients and so forth each year. we discuss the results in detail. in 20 institutions around the entire japan from october 1993 to september 1994, 584 strains of bact ...19968721076
comparative in-vitro activity of cp-99219, a new quinolone, against respiratory pathogens.the comparative in-vitro activity of cp-99219, a new quinolone, against haemophilus influenzae (150 isolates), moraxella catarrhalis (100), streptococcus pneumoniae (80) and group a beta-haemolytic streptococci (40) was determined using an agar dilution technique. cp-99219 was the most active compound tested against m. catarrhalis (mic50 = 0.015 mg/l, mic90 = 0.03 mg/l). ceftriaxone, cp-99219 and ciprofloxacin were the three most active agents tested against h.influenzae. cp-99219 showed good ac ...19968722546
in vitro activity of the tricyclic beta-lactam gv104326.gv104326 is a novel tricyclic beta-lactam (a trinem or, formerly, tribactam). the in vitro activity of gv104326 was compared with those of cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefpirome, and ciprofloxacin. gv104326 had in vitro activity generally similar to that of cefixime against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited [mic90], < or = 2 micrograms/ml), with cefuroxime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid being 8- to 32-fold ...19968723475
susceptibility testing interpretive criteria for levofloxacin when testing respiratory pathogens, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.the more active l-isomer, levofloxacin, of the racemic ofloxacin mixture has been under development for therapeutic use. in this study, we evaluated the activity of ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and d-ofloxacin against the fastidious respiratory tract pathogens haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. levofloxacin was two-fold more active than ofloxacin against h. influenzae (mic90, 0.015 microgram/ml), and d-ofloxacin was least active (mic90, 1 microgram/ml). for m. catarrhalis the mic90 va ...19968724401
antibacterial activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin. rationale for clinical use.most gram-positive organisms are highly susceptible to the streptogramin, quinupristin/dalfopristin (rp 59500; synercid). minimum inhibitory concentrations for 90% of isolates (mic90) were < or = 1 mg/l for staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, s. haemolyticus, streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes and listeria monocytogenes. importantly, quinupristin/dalfopristin shows similar activity against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of s. aureus, and streptococci with benzylpenicillin ( ...19968724814
antibacterial activities of epiroprim, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone.epiroprim (epm; ro 11-8958) is a new selective inhibitor of microbial dihydrofolate reductase. epm displayed excellent activity against staphylococci, enterococci, pneumococci, and streptococci which was considerably better than that of trimethoprim (tmp). epm was also active against tmp-resistant strains, although the mics were still relatively high. its combination with dapsone (dds) was synergistic and showed as in vitro activity superior to that of the tmp combination with sulfamethoxazole ( ...19968726004
moraxella catarrhalis: pathogenic significance in respiratory tract infections treated by community practitioners.we prospectively studied the pathogenic significance of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated from 212 patients of community practitioners in australia. this organism was most commonly isolated during winter and early spring, and 92% of isolates were beta-lactamase producers. on the basis of predetermined clinical and microbiological criteria, 42% of the isolates were definitely pathogenic, 7% were probably pathogenic, 21% were of indeterminate pathogenicity, and 30% were nonpathogenic. f ...19968729201
comparative safety and efficacy of sparfloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, randomised, parallel, multicentre study.in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) were randomly allocated to oral treatment with sparfloxacin (200 mg loading dose followed by 100 mg once daily) or amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (500 mg/125 mg tds) for a total treatment duration of 7 to 14 days. patients were evaluable if they had a fev1/fvc ratio of less than 70% at stable state and presented with a suspected infectious exacerbation defined as increases ...19968737129
antibody response in rabbits to serotype-specific determinants in lipopolysaccharides from moraxella catarrhalis.antibodies against the serotype determinant epitopes of moraxella catarrhalis lipopolysaccharides (lps) were demonstrated in sera from rabbits immunised with whole bacterial cells. purified lps preparations from eight strains of m. catarrhalis were used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and immunoblotting. the serotype specificity of the antibodies was shown by neutralisation with lps and with purified polysaccharide obtained from lps prepared from strains belonging to di ...19968636949
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