Publications

characterization of nonfermenters from clinical samples.	nonfermenters are a group of aerobic non sporing gram-negative bacilli found primarily free in nature and as commensals, whose pathogenic potentials are well established. the current study was conducted to assess the role of these nonfermenters in various infections and to characterize these isolates.	2001	11291970
influence of iron on growth, production of siderophore compounds, membrane proteins, and lipase activity in acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd 413.	acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd413 was examined for production of siderophores and iron-repressible outer membrane proteins following growth in iron-restricted media. the iron-scavenging phenotype was associated with the secretion of iron-repressible catechol and the induction of a group of six outer membrane proteins with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 85 kda. the amount of catechol produced was dependent on medium composition and iron stringency. the relation between iron limitation and l ...	2001	11297356
production, purification and some properties of bac201, a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by staphylococcus aureus ab201.	staphylococcus aureus ab201, a clinical isolate from wound pus, produced a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance termed as bac201, that was inhibitory to streptococcus agalactiae, enterococcus faecalis, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, neisseria meningitidis and a number of staphylococcal species. it was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration (biosil-sec-125), and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (vydac c4). the native bac201 was sized at appro ...	2001	11314243
genetic characterization and evolutionary implications of a car gene cluster in the carbazole degrader pseudomonas sp. strain ca10.	the nucleotide sequences of the 27,939-bp-long upstream and 9,448-bp-long downstream regions of the caraaaababbcac(orf7)ad genes of carbazole-degrading pseudomonas sp. strain ca10 were determined. thirty-two open reading frames (orfs) were identified, and the car gene cluster was consequently revealed to consist of 10 genes (caraaaababbcacaddfe) encoding the enzymes for the three-step conversion of carbazole to anthranilate and the degradation of 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate. the high identities ...	2001	11371531
bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque.	the purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in the human subgingival plaque by using culture-independent molecular methods as part of an ongoing effort to obtain full 16s rrna sequences for all cultivable and not-yet-cultivated species of human oral bacteria. subgingival plaque was analyzed from healthy subjects and subjects with refractory periodontitis, adult periodontitis, human immunodeficiency virus periodontitis, and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. 16s ribos ...	2001	11371542
hydrolysis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and their aerobic transformation into phenol by the resistant enterobacter cloacae strain em.	enterobacter cloacae strain em was isolated from a commercial dietary mineral supplement stabilized by a mixture of methylparaben and propylparaben. it harbored a high-molecular-weight plasmid and was resistant to high concentrations of parabens. strain em was able to grow in liquid media containing similar amounts of parabens as found in the mineral supplement (1,700 and 180 mg of methyl and propylparaben, respectively, per liter or 11.2 and 1.0 mm) and in very high concentrations of methylpara ...	2001	11375144
cloning and expression of the benzoate dioxygenase genes from rhodococcus sp. strain 19070.	the bopxyz genes from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus sp. strain 19070 encode a broad-substrate-specific benzoate dioxygenase. expression of the bopxy terminal oxygenase enabled escherichia coli to convert benzoate or anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate) to a nonaromatic cis-diol or catechol, respectively. this expression system also rapidly transformed m-toluate (3-methylbenzoate) to an unidentified product. in contrast, 2-chlorobenzoate was not a good substrate. the bopxyz dioxygenase was ho ...	2001	11375157
chromosomal gene inactivation in the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium tepidum by natural transformation.	conditions for inactivating chromosomal genes of chlorobium tepidum by natural transformation and homologous recombination were established. as a model, mutants unable to perform nitrogen fixation were constructed by interrupting nifd with various antibiotic resistance markers. growth of wild-type c. tepidum at 40 degrees c on agar plates could be completely inhibited by 100 microg of gentamicin ml(-1), 2 microg of erythromycin ml(-1), 30 microg of chloramphenicol ml(-1), or 1 microg of tetracyc ...	2001	11375161
natural transformation of pseudomonas fluorescens and agrobacterium tumefaciens in soil.	little information is available concerning the occurrence of natural transformation of bacteria in soil, the frequency of such events, and the actual role of this process on bacterial evolution. this is because few bacteria are known to possess the genes required to develop competence and because the tested bacteria are unable to reach this physiological state in situ. in this study we found that two soil bacteria, agrobacterium tumefaciens and pseudomonas fluorescens, can undergo transformation ...	2001	11375171
xyloside transport by xylp, a member of the galactoside-pentoside-hexuronide family.	this paper describes the functional characterization of the xyloside transporter, xylp, of lactobacillus pentosus with the aid of a spectroscopy-based assay system. in order to monitor the transport reaction, the natural xyloside isoprimeverose, a building block of hemicellulose, and the analogue methyl-isoprimeverose were chemically synthesized by a new and efficient procedure. the xylp protein was purified by metal affinity chromatography, following high level expression in lactococcus lactis ...	2001	11408491
the alkane hydroxylase gene of burkholderia cepacia rr10 is under catabolite repression control.	in many microorganisms the first step for alkane degradation is the terminal oxidation of the molecule by an alkane hydroxylase. we report the characterization of a gene coding for an alkane hydroxylase in a burkholderia cepacia strain isolated from an oil-contaminated site. the protein encoded showed similarity to other known or predicted bacterial alkane hydroxylases, although it clustered on a separate branch together with the predicted alkane hydroxylase of a mycobacterium tuberculosis strai ...	2001	11418560
phcs represses gratuitous expression of phenol-metabolizing enzymes in comamonas testosteroni r5.	we identified an open reading frame, designated phcs, downstream of the transcriptional activator gene (phcr) for the expression of multicomponent phenol hydroxylase (mph) in comamonas testosteroni r5. the deduced product of phcs was homologous to aphs of c. testosteroni ta441, which belongs to the gntr family of transcriptional regulators. the transformation of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1c (phenol negative, catechol positive) with pror502 containing phcr and the mph genes conferred the ability ...	2001	11418563
protein synthesis patterns in acinetobacter calcoaceticus induced by phenol and catechol show specificities of responses to chemostress.	the proteins induced in acinetobacter calcoaceticus by the potentially toxic growth substrates phenol and catechol were analyzed by 2d-electrophoresis of cell extracts and compared with those induced by heat shock and oxidative stress. although both aromatic compounds are quite similar, the only difference being that catechol has an additional hydroxyl group, the responses obtained differed considerably. phenol has greater lipophilicity and mainly induced heat shock proteins, whereas catechol, w ...	2001	11425483
natural transformation in mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria: identification and characterization of novel, closely related competence genes in acinetobacter sp. strain bd413 and thermus thermophilus hb27.	the mesophile acinetobacter sp. strain bd413 and the extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus hb27 display high frequencies of natural transformation. in this study we identified and characterized a novel competence gene in acinetobacter sp. strain bd413, coma, whose product displays significant similarities to the competence proteins coma and comec in neisseria and bacillus species. transcription of coma correlated with growth phase-dependent transcriptional regulation of the recently identifie ...	2001	11425734
o-antigen diversity among acinetobacter baumannii strains from the czech republic and northwestern europe, as determined by lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies.	o-antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are currently being generated to develop an o-serotyping scheme for the genus acinetobacter and to provide potent tools to study the diversity of o-antigens among acinetobacter strains. in this report, acinetobacter baumannii strains from the czech republic and from two clonal groups identified in northwestern europe (termed clones i and ii) were investigated for their reactivity with a panel of o-antigen-specific mabs generated against acinetobact ...	2001	11427571
complex regulation of the organic hydroperoxide resistance gene (ohr) from xanthomonas involves ohrr, a novel organic peroxide-inducible negative regulator, and posttranscriptional modifications.	analysis of the sequence immediate upstream of ohr revealed an open reading frame, designated ohrr, with the potential to encode a 17-kda peptide with moderate amino acid sequence homology to the marr family of negative regulators of gene expression. ohrr was transcribed as bicistronic mrna with ohr, while ohr mrna was found to be 95% monocistronic and 5% bicistronic with ohrr. expression of both genes was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tbooh) treatment. high-level expression of ohrr negat ...	2001	11443074
mechanism of chloride elimination from 3-chloro- and 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate: new insight obtained from analysis of muconate cycloisomerase variant catb-k169a.	chloromuconate cycloisomerases of bacteria utilizing chloroaromatic compounds are known to convert 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate to cis-dienelactone (cis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide), while usual muconate cycloisomerases transform the same substrate to the bacteriotoxic protoanemonin. formation of protoanemonin requires that the cycloisomerization of 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate to 4-chloromuconolactone is completed by protonation of the exocyclic carbon of the presumed enol/enolate intermediate ...	2001	11443090
ca(2+) stabilizes the semiquinone radical of pyrroloquinoline quinone.	spectroelectrochemical studies were performed on the interaction between ca(2+) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) in soluble glucose dehydrogenase (sgdh) and in the free state by applying a mediated continuous-flow column electrolytic spectroelectrochemical technique. the enzyme forms used were holo-sgdh (the holo-form of sgdh from acinetobacter calcoaceticus) and an incompletely reconstituted form of this, holo-x, in which the pqq-activating ca(2+) is lacking. the spectroelectrochemical and es ...	2001	11463363
requirement of novel competence genes pilt and pilu of pseudomonas stutzeri for natural transformation and suppression of pilt deficiency by a hexahistidine tag on the type iv pilus protein pilai.	the ubiquitous species pseudomonas stutzeri has type iv pili, and these are essential for the natural transformation of the cells. an absolute transformation-deficient mutant obtained after transposon mutagenesis had an insertion in a gene which was termed pilt. the deduced amino acid sequence has identity with pilt of pseudomonas aeruginosa (94%), neisseria gonorrhoeae (67%), and other gram-negative species and it contains a nucleotide-binding motif. the mutant was hyperpiliated but defective f ...	2001	11466271
identification and functional characterization of cbar, a marr-like modulator of the cbaabc-encoded chlorobenzoate catabolism pathway.	in comamonas testosteroni br60 (formerly alcaligenes sp. strain br60), catabolism of the pollutant 3-chlorobenzoate (3cba) is initiated by enzymes encoded by cbaabc, an operon found on composite transposon tn5271 of plasmid pbrc60. the cbaabc gene product cbaabc converts 3cba to protocatechuate (pca) and 5-cl-pca, which are then metabolized by the chromosomal pca meta (extradiol) ring fission pathway. in this study, cbaa was found to possess a sigma(70) type promoter. o(2) uptake experiments wit ...	2001	11472929
effect of primers hybridizing to different evolutionarily conserved regions of the small-subunit rrna gene in pcr-based microbial community analyses and genetic profiling.	genetic profiling techniques of microbial communities based on pcr-amplified signature genes, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis or single-strand-conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis, are normally done with pcr products of less than 500-bp. the most common target for diversity analysis, the small-subunit rrna genes, however, are larger, and thus, only partial sequences can be analyzed. here, we compared the results obtained by pcr targeting different variable (v) regions (v2 an ...	2001	11472932
molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of genes encoding a polycyclic aromatic ring dioxygenase from mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1.	mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1 degrades high-molecular-weight polycyclic hydrocarbons (pahs) primarily through the introduction of both atoms of molecular oxygen by a dioxygenase. to clone the dioxygenase genes involved in pah degradation, two-dimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis of pah-induced proteins from cultures of mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1 was used to detect proteins that increased after phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, and pyrene exposure. comparison of proteins from induced and unind ...	2001	11472934
modelling bacterial spoilage in cold-filled ready to drink beverages by acinetobacter calcoaceticus and gluconobacter oxydans.	mathematical models were created which predict the growth of spoilage bacteria in response to various preservation systems.	2001	11473588
development of conventional and real-time pcr assays for detection of legionella dna in respiratory specimens.	the development and validation of a pcr assay based on the use of new 16s ribosomal dna (rdna)-targeted primers to detect legionella dna in respiratory specimens are described. the assay was originally developed as conventional pcr followed by electrophoretic detection and was then adapted to lightcycler format with sybr green i detection and melting curve analysis. the 73 legionella pneumophila strains tested were amplified with both applications. in addition, 21 and 23 out of 27 other legionel ...	2001	11474011
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of tak-083, an agent for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection.	the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was tested against 54 clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori and was compared with those of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. the growth-inhibitory activity of tak-083 was more potent than that of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole (the mics at which 90% of the strains are inhibited were 0.031, 0.125, 64, and 8 microg/ml, respectively). the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was highly selective against h. pylori; there was a >30-fo ...	2001	11502514
direct incorporation of glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine into exopolymers by gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) atcc 10245: production of chitosan-cellulose and chitin-cellulose exopolymers.	gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) atcc 10245 incorporated 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (glucosamine) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (n-acetylglucosamine), but not 3-o-methyl-d-glucose or 2-deoxy-d-glucose into exopolymers. incorporation was confirmed by gas chromatography with and without mass spectrometry, fourier transform infrared, and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance. the average molar percentage of glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine in the exopolymers was about 18%.	2001	11525993
characterization by 16s rrna sequence analysis of pseudomonads causing blotch disease of cultivated agaricus bisporus.	bacterial blotch of agaricus bisporus has typically been identified as being caused by either pseudomonas tolaasii (brown blotch) or pseudomonas gingeri (ginger blotch). to address the relatedness of pseudomonads able to induce blotch, a pilot study was initiated in which pseudomonads were selectively isolated from mushroom farms throughout new zealand. thirty-three pseudomonad isolates were identified as being capable of causing different degrees of discoloration (separable into nine categories ...	2001	11526038
physiological characterization of pseudomonas putida dot-t1e tolerance to p-hydroxybenzoate.	pseudomonas putida dot-t1e was isolated as a toluene-tolerant strain. we show that it is also able to grow on high concentrations (up to 17 g/liter [123 mm]) of p-hydroxybenzoate (4hba). tolerance to this aromatic carboxylic acid (up to 30 g/liter [217 mm]) is improved by preexposing the cells to low 4hba concentrations; the adaptation process is caused by the substrate itself rather than by products resulting from its metabolism. the mechanisms of 4hba tolerance seem to involve increased rigidi ...	2001	11526042
evaluation of the vitek 2 system for the identification and susceptibility testing of three species of nonfermenting gram-negative rods frequently isolated from clinical samples.	vitek 2 is a new automatic system for the identification and susceptibility testing of the most clinically important bacteria. in the present study 198 clinical isolates, including pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 146), acinetobacter baumannii (n = 25), and stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 27) were evaluated. reference susceptibility testing of cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin, tobramycin, levofloxacin (only for p. aeruginosa), co-trimox ...	2001	11526158
[degradation of mineral oil by acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain].	the acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain tm-31 has been isolated from a microbial assemblage of a pilot plant purifying waste water polluted with mineral oil. this strain is capable of efficient degradation of components of mineral oil (alkanes, isoalkanes, and alkyl residues of the naphthene and arene fraction. the strain bears stably inherited plasmids of sizes 120, 9, and 8 kb, which can be transferred into plasmid-free cells of the parental strain and into bacteria of the genus pseudomonas and ...	2001	11530661
monoclonal antibodies against the iron regulated outer membrane proteins of acinetobacter baumannii are bactericidal.	background: iron is an important nutrient required by all forms of life.in the case of human hosts,the free iron availability is 10(-18) m,which is far less than what is needed for the survival of the invading bacterial pathogen. to survive in such conditions, bacteria express new proteins in their outer membrane and also secrete iron chelators called siderophores. results/ discussion: acinetobacter baumannii atcc 19606, a nosocomial pathogen which grows under iron restricted conditions, express ...	2001	11532195
multiple origins and replication proteins influence biological properties of beta-lactamase-producing plasmids from neisseria gonorrhoeae.	the beta-lactamase-producing asia-type plasmid pjd4 of neisseria gonorrhoeae is a 7.4-kb, broad-host-range plasmid. it is part of a family of plasmids which are structurally related yet vary in size, found in both n. gonorrhoeae and haemophilus ducreyi. branch-point analysis by electron microscopy indicates that pjd4 carries three clustered but distinguishable origins of replication, which we named ori1, ori2, and ori3. although pjd4 belongs to incompatibility (inc) group w, it also carries a si ...	2001	11544207
monitoring intracellular levels of xylr in pseudomonas putida with a single-chain antibody specific for aromatic-responsive enhancer-binding proteins.	we have isolated a recombinant phage antibody (phab) that binds a distinct epitope of the subclass of the sigma(54)-dependent prokaryotic enhancer-binding proteins that respond directly to aromatic effectors, e.g., those that activate biodegradative operons of pseudomonas spp. the dna segments encoding the variable (v) domains of the immunoglobulins expressed by mice immunized with the c-terminal half of tour (tourdeltaa) of pseudomonas stutzeri ox1 were amplified and rearranged in vitro as sing ...	2001	11544219
cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and functional analysis of a novel, mobile cluster of biodegradation genes from pseudomonas aeruginosa strain jb2.	we have identified in pseudomonas aeruginosa strain jb2 a novel cluster of mobile genes encoding degradation of hydroxy- and halo-aromatic compounds. nineteen open reading frames were located and, based on sequence similarities, were putatively identified as encoding a ring hydroxylating oxygenase (hybabcd), an atp-binding cassette-type transporter, an extradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase, transcriptional regulatory proteins, enzymes mediating chlorocatechol degradation, and transposition functio ...	2001	11571162
group-specific monitoring of phenol hydroxylase genes for a functional assessment of phenol-stimulated trichloroethylene bioremediation.	the sequences of the largest subunit of bacterial multicomponent phenol hydroxylases (lmphs) were compared. it was found that lmphs formed three phylogenetic groups, i, ii, and iii, corresponding to three previously reported kinetic groups, low-k(s) (the half-saturation constant in haldane's equation for trichloroethylene [tce]), moderate-k(s), and high-k(s) groups. consensus sequences and specific amino acid residues for each group of lmph were found, which facilitated the design of universal a ...	2001	11571171
genetic and functional analysis of the tbc operons for catabolism of alkyl- and chloroaromatic compounds in burkholderia sp. strain js150.	burkholderia sp. strain js150 is able to metabolize a wide range of alkyl-and chloroaromatic hydrocarbons through multiple, apparently redundant catabolic pathways. previous research has shown that strain js150 is able to synthesize enzymes for multiple upper pathways as well as multiple lower pathways to accommodate variously substituted catechols that result from degradation of complex mixtures of monoaromatic compounds. we report here the genetic organization and functional characterization o ...	2001	11571188
cloning and genetic characterization of dca genes required for beta-oxidation of straight-chain dicarboxylic acids in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1.	a previous study of deletions in the protocatechuate (pca) region of the acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 chromosome revealed that genes required for utilization of the six-carbon dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, are linked to the pca structural genes. to investigate the genes involved in adipate catabolism, a 33.8-kb saci fragment, which corrects a deletion spanning this region, was cloned. in addition to containing known pca, qui, and pob genes (for protocatechuate, quinate, and 4-hydroxybenzoate ...	2001	11571189
physical and metabolic interactions of pseudomonas sp. strain ja5-b45 and rhodococcus sp. strain f9-d79 during growth on crude oil and effect of a chemical surfactant on them.	methods to enhance crude oil biodegradation by mixed bacterial cultures, for example, (bio)surfactant addition, are complicated by the diversity of microbial populations within a given culture. the physical and metabolic interactions between rhodococcus sp. strain f9-d79 and pseudomonas sp. strain ja5-b45 were examined during growth on bow river crude oil. the effects of a nonionic chemical surfactant, igepal co-630 (nonylphenol ethoxylate), also were evaluated. strain f9-d79 grew attached to th ...	2001	11571196
the efficacy of chemical agents in cleaning and disinfection programs.	due to the growing number of outbreaks of infection in hospital nurseries, it becomes essential to set up a sanitation program that indicates that the appropriate chemical agent was chosen for application in the most effective way.	2001	11591223
lactone-ring-cleaving enzymes of microorganisms: their diversity and applications.	microbial lactonohydrolases (lactone-ring-cleaving enzymes) with unique characteristics were found. the fusarium oxysporum enzyme catalyzes the reversible and stereospecific hydrolysis of aldonate lactones and d-pantolactone (d-pl), and is useful for the optical resolution of racemic pl. the agrobacterium tumefaciens enzyme hydrolyzes several aromatic lactones, and catalyzes the stereospecific hydrolysis of pl like the fusarium enzyme, but its selectivity is opposite. the acinetobacter calcoacet ...	2001	11640988
cloning and characterization of benzoate catabolic genes in the gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrader rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	benzoate catabolism is thought to play a key role in aerobic bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). benzoate catabolic genes were cloned from a pcb degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, by using pcr amplification and temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis separation. a nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the rha1 benzoate catabolic genes, benabcdk, exhibit 33 to 65% identity with those of acinetobact ...	2001	11673430
complete nucleotide sequence and overexpression of cat1 gene cluster, and roles of the putative transcriptional activator catr1 in acinetobacter lwoffii k24 capable of aniline degradation.	the aniline-assimilating bacterium acinetobacter lwoffii k24 has two cat gene clusters (cat1 and cat2). in this study, we completely sequenced 10-kb dna fragment of cat1 genes of a. lwoffii k24, which had been cloned in plasmid pcd1-1. sequence analysis revealed that the order of genes in the cat1 operon-containing gene cluster was orf porin, catr1, catb1c1a1d, orf1, and orf2. two orfs located immediately downstream catd were most similar with two orfs in cat gene cluster of acinetobacter calcoa ...	2001	11676491
two distinct monooxygenases for alkane oxidation in nocardioides sp. strain cf8.	alkane monooxygenases in nocardioides sp. strain cf8 were examined at the physiological and genetic levels. strain cf8 can utilize alkanes ranging in chain length from c(2) to c(16). butane degradation by butane-grown cells was strongly inhibited by allylthiourea, a copper-selective chelator, while hexane-, octane-, and decane-grown cells showed detectable butane degradation activity in the presence of allylthiourea. growth on butane and hexane was strongly inhibited by 1-hexyne, while 1-hexyne ...	2001	11679317
detection and quantification of methyl tert-butyl ether-degrading strain pm1 by real-time taqman pcr.	the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe), a widely distributed groundwater contaminant, shows potential for treatment by in situ bioremediation. the bacterial strain pm1 rapidly mineralizes and grows on mtbe in laboratory cultures and can degrade the contaminant when inoculated into groundwater or soil microcosms. we applied the taqman quantitative pcr method to detect and quantify strain pm1 in laboratory and field samples. specific primers and probes were designed for the 16s ribosoma ...	2001	11679339
antibody responses to acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa in multiple sclerosis: prospects for diagnosis using the myelin-acinetobacter-neurofilament antibody index.	antibody responses to acinetobacter (five strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, myelin basic protein (mbp), and neurofilaments were measured in sera from 26 multiple sclerosis (ms) patients, 20 patients with cerebrovascular accidents (cva), 10 patients with viral encephalitis, and 25 healthy blood donors. in ms patients, elevated levels of antibodies against all strains of acinetobacter tested were present, as well as antibodies against p. aeruginosa, mbp, and neurofilaments, but n ...	2001	11687461
functions of the mismatch repair gene muts from acinetobacter sp. strain adp1.	the genus acinetobacter encompasses a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are ubiquitous in the natural environment due in part to their ability to adapt genetically to novel challenges. acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 (also known as strain bd413) is naturally transformable and takes up dna from any source. donor dna can be integrated into the chromosome by recombination provided it possesses sufficient levels of nucleotide sequence identity to the recipient's dna. in other bacteria, the requirem ...	2001	11698371
resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pump involved in aminoglycoside resistance in acinetobacter baumannii strain bm4454.	multidrug-resistant strain acinetobacter baumannii bm4454 was isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection. the adeb gene, which encodes a resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd) protein, was detected in this strain by pcr with two degenerate oligodeoxynucleotides. insertional inactivation of adeb in bm4454, which generated bm4454-1, showed that the corresponding protein was responsible for aminoglycoside resistance and was involved in the level of susceptibility to other drugs inclu ...	2001	11709311
h(2)o(2)-forming nadh oxidase with diaphorase (cytochrome) activity from archaeoglobus fulgidus.	an enzyme exhibiting nadh oxidase (diaphorase) activity was isolated from the hyperthermophilic sulfate-reducing anaerobe archaeoglobus fulgidus. n-terminal sequence of the protein indicates that it is coded for by open reading frame af0395 in the a. fulgidus genome. the gene af0395 was cloned and its product was purified from escherichia coli. like the native nadh oxidase (noxa2), the recombinant noxa2 (rnoxa2) has an apparent molecular mass of 47 kda, requires flavin adenine dinucleotide for a ...	2001	11717257
sequence analysis of a 101-kilobase plasmid required for agar degradation by a microscilla isolate.	an agar-degrading marine bacterium identified as a microscilla species was isolated from coastal california marine sediment. this organism harbored a single 101-kb circular dna plasmid designated psd15. the complete nucleotide sequence of psd15 was obtained, and sequence analysis indicated a number of genes putatively encoding a variety of enzymes involved in polysaccharide utilization. the most striking feature was the occurrence of five putative agarase genes. loss of the plasmid, which occurr ...	2001	11722934
diversity of the ring-cleaving dioxygenase gene pcah in a salt marsh bacterial community.	degradation of lignin-related aromatic compounds is an important ecological process in the highly productive salt marshes of the southeastern united states, yet little is known about the mediating organisms or their catabolic pathways. here we report the diversity of a gene encoding a key ring-cleaving enzyme of the beta-ketoadipate pathway, pcah, amplified from bacterial communities associated with decaying spartina alterniflora, the salt marsh grass that dominates these coastal systems, as wel ...	2001	11722937
biodegradation of aromatic compounds by escherichia coli.	although escherichia coli has long been recognized as the best-understood living organism, little was known about its abilities to use aromatic compounds as sole carbon and energy sources. this review gives an extensive overview of the current knowledge of the catabolism of aromatic compounds by e. coli. after giving a general overview of the aromatic compounds that e. coli strains encounter and mineralize in the different habitats that they colonize, we provide an up-to-date status report on th ...	2001	11729263
rubrerythrin and rubredoxin oxidoreductase in desulfovibrio vulgaris: a novel oxidative stress protection system.	evidence is presented for an alternative to the superoxide dismutase (sod)-catalase oxidative stress defense system in desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain hildenborough). this alternative system consists of the nonheme iron proteins, rubrerythrin (rbr) and rubredoxin oxidoreductase (rbo), the product of the rbo gene (also called desulfoferrodoxin). a deltarbo strain of d. vulgaris was found to be more sensitive to internal superoxide exposure than was the wild type. unlike rbo, expression of plasmid- ...	2001	11114906
characterization and evolution of anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase from acinetobacter sp. strain adp1.	the two-component anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase of the bacterium acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 was expressed in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. this enzyme converts anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate) to catechol with insertion of both atoms of o(2) and consumption of one nadh. the terminal oxygenase component formed an alpha(3)beta(3) hexamer of 54- and 19-kda subunits. biochemical analyses demonstrated one rieske-type [2fe-2s] center and one mononuclear nonheme iron center in each larg ...	2001	11114907
transcriptional organization and dynamic expression of the hbpcad genes, which encode the first three enzymes for 2-hydroxybiphenyl degradation in pseudomonas azelaica hbp1.	pseudomonas azelaica hbp1 degrades the toxic substance 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-hbp) by means of three enzymes that are encoded by structural genes hbpc, hbpa, and hbpd. these three genes form a small noncontiguous cluster. their expression is activated by the product of regulatory gene hbpr, which is located directly upstream of the hbpcad genes. the hbpr protein is a transcription activator and belongs to the so-called xylr/dmpr subclass within the ntrc family of transcriptional activators. transc ...	2001	11114926
arecba is an operon in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 and is controlled by arer, a sigma(54)-dependent regulator.	the arecba genes in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1, determining growth on benzyl alkanoates, are shown to be transcribed as a single operon and regulated by arer, which encodes a regulatory protein of the ntrc/xylr family. assays of the are enzymes and of two insertions of lacz as a reporter gene have shown that the operon is induced by benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, and benzaldehyde, as well as 2- and 4-hydroxybenzyl acetates and benzyl propionate and butyrate. two adjacent sites of transcripti ...	2001	11114944
rapid detection, identification, and enumeration of escherichia coli cells in municipal water by chemiluminescent in situ hybridization.	a new chemiluminescent in situ hybridization (cish) method provides simultaneous detection, identification, and enumeration of culturable escherichia coli cells in 100 ml of municipal water within one working day. following filtration and 5 h of growth on tryptic soy agar at 35 degrees c, individual microcolonies of e. coli were detected directly on a 47-mm-diameter membrane filter using soybean peroxidase-labeled peptide nucleic acid (pna) probes targeting a species-specific sequence in e. coli ...	2001	11133438
role of the dmpr-mediated regulatory circuit in bacterial biodegradation properties in methylphenol-amended soils.	pathway substrates and some structural analogues directly activate the regulatory protein dmpr to promote transcription of the dmp operon genes encoding the (methyl)phenol degradative pathway of pseudomonas sp. strain cf600. while a wide range of phenols can activate dmpr, the location and nature of substituents on the basic phenolic ring can limit the level of activation and thus utilization of some compounds as assessed by growth on plates. here we address the role of the aromatic effector res ...	2001	11133441
evaluation of biological and physical protection against nuclease degradation of clay-bound plasmid dna.	in order to determine the mechanisms involved in the persistence of extracellular dna in soils and to monitor whether bacterial transformation could occur in such an environment, we developed artificial models composed of plasmid dna adsorbed on clay particles. we determined that clay-bound dna submitted to an increasing range of nuclease concentrations was physically protected. the protection mechanism was mainly related to the adsorption of the nuclease on the clay mineral. the biological pote ...	2001	11133458
pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits directed twitching motility up phosphatidylethanolamine gradients.	pseudomonas aeruginosa translocates over solid surfaces by a type iv pilus-dependent form of multicellular motility known as twitching. we wondered whether cells utilize endogenous factors to organize twitching, and we purified from wild-type cells a lipid that caused directed movement. wild-type p. aeruginosa, but not a pilj pilus-deficient mutant, showed biased movement up gradients of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) established in agar. activity was related to the fatty acid composition of the ...	2001	11133973
genetic and physiological characterization of ohr, encoding a protein involved in organic hydroperoxide resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the ohr (organic hydroperoxide resistance) gene product of pseudomonas aeruginosa was essential for optimal resistance to organic hydroperoxides (ohps) but not to hydrogen peroxide or paraquat. a deltaohr mutant was hypersusceptible to ohps in disk inhibition assays and showed enhanced killing by ohps in liquid culture. the ohr gene product was demonstrated to contribute to the decomposition of ohps. transcription of ohr was induced up to 15-fold upon exposure to ohps, and this induction was ind ...	2001	11133975
enantioselective synthesis of tert-butyl tert-butanethiosulfinate catalyzed by cyclohexanone monooxygenase.	cyclohexanone monooxygenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus catalyzes the asymmetric oxidation of tert-butyl disulfide to enantiomerically pure (r)-tert-butyl tert-butanethiosulfinate. lower enantioselectivities and conversions were observed in the oxidation of i-propyl, n-butyl, p-tolyl tert-butyl disulfides and alkylthiophosphonates.	2001	11135413
identification of epidemic strains of acinetobacter baumannii by integrase gene pcr.	forty-eight clinical acinetobacter isolates with different epidemic behavior were investigated for the presence of integrons and plasmids and for antibiotic susceptibility. integrons were demonstrated in 50% of the strains by an integrase gene pcr. epidemic strains of acinetobacter baumannii were found to contain significantly more integrons than nonepidemic strains. also, the presence of integrons was significantly correlated with simultaneous resistance to several antibiotics. plasmids were de ...	2001	11136740
epidemiology and infection control implications of acinetobacter spp. in hong kong.	in a previous study, we showed that acinetobacter genomic dna group 3 was the most common species among blood culture isolates and was commonly found on superficial carriage sites of the healthy and the sick, which are different findings from those reported in europe and north america. we used amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to study further the molecular epidemiology of acinetobacters in our region. over a study period of 6 weeks with 136 consec ...	2001	11136776
acinetobacter baumannii at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in jerusalem, israel.	in a retrospective 10-year analysis of 3,536 patient-unique isolates, acinetobacter baumannii imipenem susceptibility declined from 98.1 (1990) to 64.1% (2000), and ciprofloxacin susceptibility decreased from 50.5 to 13.1%. imipenem median zone diameters decreased from 27. 7 (1997) to 18.8 mm (2000). no outbreaks were detected. two clusters were identified for 41 strains genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, but imipenem resistance was not clonal.	2001	11136809
genetic and biochemical characterization of a novel monoterpene epsilon-lactone hydrolase from rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14.	a monoterpene epsilon-lactone hydrolase (mlh) from rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14, catalyzing the ring opening of lactones which are formed during degradation of several monocyclic monoterpenes, including carvone and menthol, was purified to apparent homogeneity. it is a monomeric enzyme of 31 kda that is active with (4r)-4-isopropenyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone and (6r)-6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone, lactones derived from (4r)-dihydrocarvone, and 7-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone, the ...	2001	11157238
characterization of oxa-25, oxa-26, and oxa-27, molecular class d beta-lactamases associated with carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii.	carbapenem resistance in acinetobacter spp. is increasingly being associated with oxa-type beta-lactamases with weak hydrolytic activity against imipenem and meropenem. such enzymes were characterized from acinetobacter isolates collected in belgium, kuwait, singapore, and spain. the isolates from spain and belgium had novel class d beta-lactamases that were active against carbapenems. these were designated oxa-25 and oxa-26, respectively, and had >98% amino acid homology with each other and wit ...	2001	11158758
gene structures and regulation of the alkane hydroxylase complex in acinetobacter sp. strain m-1.	in the long-chain n-alkane degrader acinetobacter sp. strain m-1, two alkane hydroxylase complexes are switched by controlling the expression of two n-alkane hydroxylase-encoding genes in response to the chain length of n-alkanes, while rubredoxin and rubredoxin ruductase are encoded by a single gene and expressed constitutively.	2001	11160120
antibacterial properties of human amnion and chorion in vitro.	the purpose of the present study was to explore the direct effects of amnion and chorion on bacterial growth in vitro including the antibacterial spectrum. chorioamniotic membranes were obtained under sterile conditions from 13 healthy women undergoing elective cesarean section at term. likewise, chorioamniotic membranes were obtained from 10 healthy women with spontaneous vaginal delivery at term. five strains of hemolytic streptococci group b (gbs) were tested and one clinical isolate of the f ...	2001	11165729
large scale production of cyclohexanone monooxygenase from escherichia coli top10 pqr239.	the cyclohexanone monooxygenase (chmo) from acinetobacter calcoaceticus ncimb 9871 has been cloned into escherichia coli in an l-arabinose inducible vector. the recombinant e. coli containing the l-arabinose inducible chmo was grown at 1.5 litres under controlled conditions to determine the parameters for growth and induction. it was found that induction with 0.1% (w/v) l-arabinose at late logarithmic phase of growth and growth for a further 2.5 to 3 h gave the optimal chmo titre ( approximately ...	2001	11166822
an active role for a structured b-linker in effector control of the sigma54-dependent regulator dmpr.	the activities of many prokaryotic sigma54-dependent transcriptional activators are controlled by the n-terminal a-domain of the protein, which is linked to the central transcriptional activation domain via a short b-linker. it used to be thought that these b-linkers simply serve as flexible tethers. here we show that the b-linker of the aromatic-responsive regulator dmpr and many other regulators of the family contain signature heptad repeats with regularly spaced hydrophobic amino acids. mutan ...	2001	11179226
imp-4, a novel metallo-beta-lactamase from nosocomial acinetobacter spp. collected in hong kong between 1994 and 1998.	between 1994 and 1998, 97 imipenem-resistant acinetobacter isolates were identified at the prince of wales hospital, hong kong, china. a bla(imp) pcr product was obtained from 23 of 35 viable cultures; 12 isolates belonged to genomic dna group 3, 8 belonged to group 2 (acinetobacter baumannii), 2 belonged to group 13tu, and 1 belonged to group 1. the bla(imp) homologues were sequenced from two isolates from genomic dna group 2 and one isolate each from groups 3 and 13tu. the four sequences inclu ...	2001	11181348
the active component of the bioemulsifier alasan from acinetobacter radioresistens ka53 is an ompa-like protein.	the bioemulsifier of acinetobacter radioresistens ka53, referred to as alasan, is a high-molecular-weight complex of polysaccharide and protein. recently, one of the alasan proteins, with an apparent molecular mass of 45 kda, was purified and shown to constitute most of the emulsifying activity. the n-terminal sequence of the 45-kda protein showed high homology to an ompa-like protein from acinetobacter spp. in the research described here the gene coding for the 45-kda protein was cloned, sequen ...	2002	11741856
degradation of aromatics and chloroaromatics by pseudomonas sp. strain b13: purification and characterization of 3-oxoadipate:succinyl-coenzyme a (coa) transferase and 3-oxoadipyl-coa thiolase.	the degradation of 3-oxoadipate in pseudomonas sp. strain b13 was investigated and was shown to proceed through 3-oxoadipyl-coenzyme a (coa) to give acetyl-coa and succinyl-coa. 3-oxoadipate:succinyl-coa transferase of strain b13 was purified by heat treatment and chromatography on phenyl-sepharose, mono-q, and superose 6 gels. estimation of the native molecular mass gave a value of 115,000 +/- 5,000 da with a superose 12 column. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions res ...	2002	11741862
degradation of aromatics and chloroaromatics by pseudomonas sp. strain b13: cloning, characterization, and analysis of sequences encoding 3-oxoadipate:succinyl-coenzyme a (coa) transferase and 3-oxoadipyl-coa thiolase.	3-oxoadipate:succinyl-coenzyme a (coa) transferase and 3-oxoadipyl-coa thiolase carry out the ultimate steps in the conversion of benzoate and 3-chlorobenzoate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in bacteria utilizing the 3-oxoadipate pathway. this report describes the characterization of dna fragments with the overall length of 5.9 kb from pseudomonas sp. strain b13 that encode these enzymes. dna sequence analysis revealed five open reading frames (orfs) plus an incomplete one. orf1, of u ...	2002	11741863
prediction and overview of the rpon-regulon in closely related species of the rhizobiales.	in the rhizobia, a group of symbiotic gram-negative soil bacteria, rpon (sigma54, sigman, ntra) is best known as the sigma factor enabling transcription of the nitrogen fixation genes. recent reports, however, demonstrate the involvement of rpon in other symbiotic functions, although no large-scale effort has yet been undertaken to unravel the rpon-regulon in rhizobia. we screened two complete rhizobial genomes (mesorhizobium loti, sinorhizobium meliloti) and four symbiotic regions (rhizobium et ...	2002	12537565
comparison of the potential of coastal materials loaded with bacteria for bioremediating oily sea water in batch culture.	the objective of this paper was to study whether the bioremediation potential of coastal materials for oil-polluted sea water depended on the numbers of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria they naturally harbor. inshore water of the arabian gulf was found to contain only about one thousand hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria per ml. coastal sand, cyanobacterial mats and epilithic biomass were much richer in these bacteria, with numbers ranging between several thousand fold to several million fold than in ...	2002	12501998
wax ester production from n-alkanes by acinetobacter sp. strain m-1: ultrastructure of cellular inclusions and role of acyl coenzyme a reductase.	acinetobacter sp. strain m-1 accumulated a large amount of wax esters from an n-alkane under nitrogen-limiting conditions. under the optimized conditions with n-hexadecane as the substrate, the amount of hexadecyl hexadecanoate in the cells reached 0.17 g/g of cells (dry weight). electron microscopic analysis revealed that multilayered disk-shaped intracellular inclusions were formed concomitant with wax ester formation. the contribution of acyl-coa reductase to wax ester synthesis was evaluated ...	2002	11872467
functional analysis of alkane hydroxylases from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.	we have cloned homologs of the pseudomonas putida gpo1 alkane hydroxylase from pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1, pseudomonas fluorescens cha0, alcanivorax borkumensis ap1, mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv, and prauserella rugosa nrrl b-2295. sequence comparisons show that the level of protein sequence identity between the homologs is as low as 35%, and that the pseudomonas alkane hydroxylases are as distantly related to each other as to the remaining alkane hydroxylases. based on the observation that ...	2002	11872725
the active partition gene incc of incp plasmids is required for stable maintenance in a broad range of hosts.	plasmids of incompatibility group p (incp) are capable of replication and stable inheritance in a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria. three determinants of incp plasmids are components of an active partition locus that is predicted to function in the segregation of plasmid copies to daughter cells. these determinants are incc, which codes for a member of the para family of partition atpases; korb, which specifies a dna-binding protein that also functions as a global transcriptional repressor ...	2002	11872733
molecular method to assess the diversity of burkholderia species in environmental samples.	in spite of the importance of many members of the genus burkholderia in the soil microbial community, no direct method to assess the diversity of this genus has been developed so far. the aim of this work was the development of soil dna-based pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), a powerful tool for studying the diversity of microbial communities, for detection and analysis of the burkholderia diversity in soil samples. primers specific for the genus burkholderia were developed bas ...	2002	11916673
comparison of fecal coliform agar and violet red bile lactose agar for fecal coliform enumeration in foods.	a 24-h direct plating method for fecal coliform enumeration with a resuscitation step (preincubation for 2 h at 37 +/- 1 degrees c and transfer to 44 +/- 1 degrees c for 22 h) using fecal coliform agar (fca) was compared with the 24-h standardized violet red bile lactose agar (vrbl) method. fca and vrbl have equivalent specificities and sensitivities, except for lactose-positive non-fecal coliforms such as hafnia alvei, which could form typical colonies on fca and vrbl. recovery of cold-stressed ...	2002	11916678
biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms.	though biofilms were first described by antonie van leeuwenhoek, the theory describing the biofilm process was not developed until 1978. we now understand that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems as well as a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health. using tools such as the scanning electron microscope and, more recently, the confocal laser scanning microscope, biofilm researchers now understand that biofilms are not unstru ...	2002	11932229
benzene-free synthesis of adipic acid.	strains of escherichia coli were constructed and evaluated that synthesized cis,cis-muconic acid from d-glucose under fed-batch fermentor conditions. chemical hydrogenation of the cis,cis-muconic acid in the resulting fermentation broth has also been examined. biocatalytic synthesis of adipic acid from glucose eliminates two environmental concerns characteristic of industrial adipic acid manufacture: use of carcinogenic benzene and benzene-derived chemicals as feedstocks and generation of nitrou ...	2002	11934286
molecular cloning and functional expression of d-sorbitol dehydrogenase from gluconobacter suboxydans if03255, which requires pyrroloquinoline quinone and hydrophobic protein sldb for activity development in e. coli.	the slda gene that encodes the d-sorbitol dehydrogenase (sldh) from gluconobacter suboxydans ifo 3255 was cloned and sequenced. it encodes a polypeptide of 740 residues, which contains a signal sequence of 24 residues. sldh had 35-37% identity to the membrane-bound quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenases (gdhs) from e. coli, gluconobacter oxydans, and acinetobacter calcoaceticus except the n-terminal hydrophobic region of gdh. additionally, the sldb gene located just upstream of slda was found to en ...	2002	11999397
comparative studies of the acinetobacter genus and the species identification method based on the reca sequences.	the reca gene is indispensable for a maintaining and diversification of the bacterial genetic material. given its important role in ensuring cell viability, it is not surprising that the reca protein is both ubiquitous and well conserved among a range of prokaryotes. previously, we reported acinetobacter genomic species identification method based on pcr amplification of an internal fragment of the reca gene with subsequent restriction analysis (rflp) with hinfi and mboi enzymes. in present stud ...	2002	12005442
lack of microbiological concordance between bone and non-bone specimens in chronic osteomyelitis: an observational study.	prognosis of chronic osteomyelitis depends heavily on proper identification and treatment of the bone-infecting organism. current knowledge on selecting the best specimen for culture is confusing, and many consider that non-bone specimens are suitable to replace bone cultures. this paper compares the microbiology of non-bone specimens with bone cultures, taking the last as the diagnostic gold standard.	2002	12015818
characterization of unusual bacteria isolated from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients and description of inquilinus limosus gen. nov., sp. nov.	using a polyphasic approach (including cellular protein and fatty acid analysis, biochemical characterization, 16s ribosomal dna sequencing, and dna-dna hybridizations), we characterized 51 bacterial isolates recovered from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. our analyses showed that 24 isolates belong to taxa that have so far not (or only rarely) been reported from cf patients. these taxa include acinetobacter sp., bordetella hinzii, burkholderia fungorum, comamonas testost ...	2002	12037065
a broad host range plasmid vector that does not encode replication proteins.	the 640-bp minimal replication region derived from a plasmid dna preparation from an acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans strain capable of autonomous replication in a range of gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter calcoaceticus and alcaligenes faecalis) was identified. this dna fragment (named tfk replicon) does not encode rep proteins and appears to be unrelated to other known replicons.	2002	12052556
plant-dependent genotypic and phenotypic diversity of antagonistic rhizobacteria isolated from different verticillium host plants.	to study the effect of plant species on the abundance and diversity of bacterial antagonists, the abundance, the phenotypic diversity, and the genotypic diversity of rhizobacteria isolated from potato, oilseed rape, and strawberry and from bulk soil which showed antagonistic activity towards the soilborne pathogen verticillium dahliae kleb. were analyzed. rhizosphere and soil samples were taken five times over two growing seasons in 1998 and 1999 from a randomized field trial. bacterial isolates ...	2002	12089011
bacteremia due to moraxella atlantae in a cancer patient.	a gram-negative alkaline phosphatase- and pyrrolidone peptidase-positive rod-shaped bacterium (ccug 45702) was isolated from two aerobic blood cultures from a female cancer patient. no identification could be reached using phenotypic techniques. amplification of the trna intergenic spacers revealed fragments with lengths of 116, 133, and 270 bp, but no such pattern was present in our reference library. sequencing of the 16s rrna gene revealed its identity as moraxella atlantae, a species isolate ...	2002	12089312
gene discovery within the planctomycete division of the domain bacteria using sequence tags from genomic dna libraries.	the planctomycetes comprise a distinct group of the domain bacteria, forming a separate division by phylogenetic analysis. the organization of their cells into membrane-defined compartments including membrane-bounded nucleoids, their budding reproduction and complete absence of peptidoglycan distinguish them from most other bacteria. a random sequencing approach was applied to the genomes of two planctomycete species, gemmata obscuriglobus and pirellula marina, to discover genes relevant to thei ...	2002	12093378
bioengineered emulsans from acinetobacter calcoaceticusrag-1 transposon mutants.	transposon mutants of acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain rag-1 were studied in an effort to control fatty acid (fa) substitution patterns of emulsan, a bioemulsifier secreted by the organism. the disrupted genes, involved in the biosynthetic pathways of biotin, histidine, cysteine or purines, influenced the level and types of fas incorporated into emulsan. the structural variants of emulsan generated by the transposon mutants were characterized for yield, fa content, molecular weight, and emulsi ...	2002	12111149
vibrio cholerae cytr is a repressor of biofilm development.	vibrio cholerae is both a human pathogen and a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments. in the aquatic environment, microorganisms are found attached to surfaces in structures known as biofilms. we have identified a transcriptional repressor in v. cholerae that inhibits exopolysaccharide synthesis and biofilm development. our studies show that this repressor is the v. cholerae homologue of escherichia coli cytr, a protein that represses nucleoside uptake and catabolism when nucleosides are sc ...	2002	12123457
regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis and transport genes in bacteria by transcriptional and translational attenuation.	the riboflavin biosynthesis in bacteria was analyzed using comparative analysis of genes, operons and regulatory elements. a model for regulation based on formation of alternative rna structures involving the rfn elements is suggested. in gram-positive bacteria including actinomycetes, thermotoga, thermus and deinococcus, the riboflavin metabolism and transport genes are predicted to be regulated by transcriptional attenuation, whereas in most gram-negative bacteria, the riboflavin biosynthesis ...	2002	12136096
roles for the two 1-butanol dehydrogenases of pseudomonas butanovora in butane and 1-butanol metabolism.	pseudomonas butanovora grown on butane or 1-butanol expresses two 1-butanol dehydrogenases, a quinoprotein (boh) and a quinohemoprotein (bdh). boh exhibited high affinity towards 1-butanol (k(m) = 1.7 +/- 0.2 microm). boh also oxidized butyraldehyde and 2-butanol (k(m) = 369 +/- 85 microm and k(m) = 662 +/- 98 microm, respectively). the mrna induction profiles of boh and bdh at three different levels of 1-butanol, a nontoxic level (0.1 mm), a growth-supporting level (2 mm), and a toxic level (40 ...	2002	12142403
identification of bacteria in drinking and purified water during the monitoring of a typical water purification system.	a typical purification system that provides purified water which meets ionic and organic chemical standards, must be protected from microbial proliferation to minimize cross-contamination for use in cleaning and preparations in pharmaceutical industries and in health environments.	2002	12182763
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dw286, a new fluoronaphthyridone antibiotic.	the in vitro and in vivo activities of dw286, a novel fluoronaphthyridone with potent antibacterial activity, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin. against gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis, the in vitro activity of dw286 was stronger than that of any other reference antibiotic. against gram-negative bacteria, the activity of dw286 was similar t ...	2002	12183275
rhamnolipid stimulates uptake of hydrophobic compounds by pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the biodegradation of hexadecane by five biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains (pseudomonas aeruginosa ug2, acinetobacter calcoaceticus rag1, rhodococcus erythropolis dsm 43066, r. erythropolis atcc 19558, and strain bcg112) was determined in the presence and absence of exogenously added biosurfactants. the degradation of hexadecane by p. aeruginosa was stimulated only by the rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by the same organism. this rhamnolipid did not stimulate the biodegradation of hex ...	2002	12200306
theriogenology question of the month. treatment options for erosive seminal vesiculitis caused by acinetobacter calcoaceticus.		2002	12322915
reactor operation and scale-up of whole cell baeyer-villiger catalyzed lactone synthesis.	the recombinant whole cell biocatalyst escherichia coli top10 [pqr239], expressing cyclohexanone monooxygenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus ncimb 9871, was used in 1.5- and 55-l fed-batch processes to oxidize bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one to its corresponding regioisomeric lactones, (-)-(1s,5r)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one and (-)-(1r,5s)-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one. by employing a bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one feed rate below that of the theoretical volumetric biocatalyst activit ...	2002	12363355