Publications

transcription and genetic analyses of a putative n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase in borrelia burgdorferi.	in this study, a putative n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase gene (bb0666) was identified in the genome of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. this protein shares c. 30% identity with its counterparts from other bacteria. reverse transcriptase-pcr analysis showed that bb0666 along with two other genes (bb0665 and bb0667) are cotranscribed with the motility and chemotaxis genes. this newly identified operon is termed as pami. sequence and primer extension analyses showed that pami wa ...	2009	19025570
transcription and genetic analyses of a putative n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase in borrelia burgdorferi.	in this study, a putative n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase gene (bb0666) was identified in the genome of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. this protein shares c. 30% identity with its counterparts from other bacteria. reverse transcriptase-pcr analysis showed that bb0666 along with two other genes (bb0665 and bb0667) are cotranscribed with the motility and chemotaxis genes. this newly identified operon is termed as pami. sequence and primer extension analyses showed that pami wa ...	2009	19025570
the fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane protein radd is an arginine-inhibitable adhesin required for inter-species adherence and the structured architecture of multispecies biofilm.	a defining characteristic of the suspected periodontal pathogen fusobacterium nucleatum is its ability to adhere to a plethora of oral bacteria. this distinguishing feature is suggested to play an important role in oral biofilm formation and pathogenesis, with fusobacteria proposed to serve as central 'bridging organisms' in the architecture of the oral biofilm bringing together species which would not interact otherwise. previous studies indicate that these bacterial interactions are mediated b ...	2009	19007407
the fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane protein radd is an arginine-inhibitable adhesin required for inter-species adherence and the structured architecture of multispecies biofilm.	a defining characteristic of the suspected periodontal pathogen fusobacterium nucleatum is its ability to adhere to a plethora of oral bacteria. this distinguishing feature is suggested to play an important role in oral biofilm formation and pathogenesis, with fusobacteria proposed to serve as central 'bridging organisms' in the architecture of the oral biofilm bringing together species which would not interact otherwise. previous studies indicate that these bacterial interactions are mediated b ...	2009	19007407
the flat-ribbon configuration of the periplasmic flagella of borrelia burgdorferi and its relationship to motility and morphology.	electron cryotomography was used to analyze the structure of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. this methodology offers a new means for studying the native architecture of bacteria by eliminating the chemical fixing, dehydration, and staining steps of conventional electron microscopy. using electron cryotomography, we noted that membrane blebs formed at the ends of the cells. these blebs may be precursors to vesicles that are released from cells grown in vivo and in vitro. we fou ...	2009	19011030
the flat-ribbon configuration of the periplasmic flagella of borrelia burgdorferi and its relationship to motility and morphology.	electron cryotomography was used to analyze the structure of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. this methodology offers a new means for studying the native architecture of bacteria by eliminating the chemical fixing, dehydration, and staining steps of conventional electron microscopy. using electron cryotomography, we noted that membrane blebs formed at the ends of the cells. these blebs may be precursors to vesicles that are released from cells grown in vivo and in vitro. we fou ...	2009	19011030
immune response and alveolar bone resorption in a mouse model of treponema denticola infection.	treponema denticola is considered to be an agent strongly associated with periodontal disease. the lack of an animal infection model has hampered the understanding of t. denticola pathogenesis and the host's immune response to infection. in this study, we have established an oral infection model in mice, demonstrating that infection by oral inoculation is feasible. the presence of t. denticola in the oral cavities of the animals was confirmed by pcr. mice given t. denticola developed a specific ...	2009	19015247
treponema denticola peptidoglycan induces the production of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in macrophage-like cells.	treponema denticola is a key pathogen associated with periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues. in the present study, we investigated the response of human macrophage-like cells to stimulation by peptidoglycan isolated from t. denticola. we also studied the effect of the peptidoglycan preparation on the phosphorylation state of kinases.	2009	18973520
factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition. ii. tooth position.	little is known regarding the factors that affect the microbial composition of supragingival biofilms. this study was designed to test the hypothesis that tooth location affects the microbial composition of supragingival plaque beyond the effect due to plaque mass as reflected by total dna probe count.	2009	18973539
factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition. ii. tooth position.	little is known regarding the factors that affect the microbial composition of supragingival biofilms. this study was designed to test the hypothesis that tooth location affects the microbial composition of supragingival plaque beyond the effect due to plaque mass as reflected by total dna probe count.	2009	18973539
factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition. i. plaque mass.	little is known about the factors that affect the microbial composition of supragingival biofilms. this study was designed to examine the relationship between total dna probe counts of supragingival biofilm samples, clinical parameters and supragingival biofilm composition.	2009	18973540
effects of caloric restriction on inflammatory periodontal disease.	dietary caloric restriction (cr) has been found to reduce systemic markers of inflammation and may attenuate the effects of chronic inflammatory conditions. the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term cr on naturally occurring chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in a nonhuman primate model.	2009	18929461
effects of caloric restriction on inflammatory periodontal disease.	dietary caloric restriction (cr) has been found to reduce systemic markers of inflammation and may attenuate the effects of chronic inflammatory conditions. the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term cr on naturally occurring chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in a nonhuman primate model.	2009	18929461
a novel class of modular transporters for vitamins in prokaryotes.	the specific and tightly controlled transport of numerous nutrients and metabolites across cellular membranes is crucial to all forms of life. however, many of the transporter proteins involved have yet to be identified, including the vitamin transporters in various human pathogens, whose growth depends strictly on vitamin uptake. comparative analysis of the ever-growing collection of microbial genomes coupled with experimental validation enables the discovery of such transporters. here, we used ...	2009	18931129
a novel class of modular transporters for vitamins in prokaryotes.	the specific and tightly controlled transport of numerous nutrients and metabolites across cellular membranes is crucial to all forms of life. however, many of the transporter proteins involved have yet to be identified, including the vitamin transporters in various human pathogens, whose growth depends strictly on vitamin uptake. comparative analysis of the ever-growing collection of microbial genomes coupled with experimental validation enables the discovery of such transporters. here, we used ...	2009	18931129
hprk regulates succinate-mediated catabolite repression in the gram-negative symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti.	the hprk kinase/phosphatase is a common component of the phosphotransferase system (pts) of gram-positive bacteria and regulates catabolite repression through phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of its substrate, the pts protein hpr, at a conserved serine residue. phosphorylation of hpr by hprk also affects additional phosphorylation of hpr by the pts enzyme ei at a conserved histidine residue. sinorhizobium meliloti can live as symbionts inside legume root nodules or as free-living organisms and ...	2009	18931135
hprk regulates succinate-mediated catabolite repression in the gram-negative symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti.	the hprk kinase/phosphatase is a common component of the phosphotransferase system (pts) of gram-positive bacteria and regulates catabolite repression through phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of its substrate, the pts protein hpr, at a conserved serine residue. phosphorylation of hpr by hprk also affects additional phosphorylation of hpr by the pts enzyme ei at a conserved histidine residue. sinorhizobium meliloti can live as symbionts inside legume root nodules or as free-living organisms and ...	2009	18931135
granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (gcp-2/cxcl6) complements interleukin-8 in periodontal disease.	mucosal inflammatory responses are orchestrated largely by pro-inflammatory chemokines. the chemokine granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (cxcl6) is involved in neutrophil recruitment and migration. previous studies have shown that granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 is up-regulated during mucosal inflammation (e.g. in inflammatory bowel disease), similarly to the functionally and structurally related chemokine interleukin-8. nevertheless, unlike interleukin-8, a role of granulocyte chemotactic prot ...	2009	18842116
photodynamic therapy as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients on periodontal maintenance: a randomized controlled clinical trial.	recent preclinical and clinical data have suggested the potential benefit of photodynamic therapy (pdt) in the treatment of periodontitis. however, currently, there are very limited data from controlled clinical trials evaluating the effect of pdt in the treatment of periodontitis. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of the adjunctive use of pdt in non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy. twenty-fou ...	2009	18465191
porphyromonas gingivalis-dendritic cell interactions: consequences for coronary artery disease.	an estimated 80 million us adults have one or more types of cardiovascular diseases. atherosclerosis is the single most important contributor to cardiovascular diseases; however, only 50% of atherosclerosis patients have currently identified risk factors. chronic periodontitis, a common inflammatory disease, is linked to an increased cardiovascular risk. dendritic cells (dcs) are potent antigen presenting cells that infiltrate arterial walls and may destabilize atherosclerotic plaques in cardiov ...	2010	21523219
preterm low birthweight and the role of oral bacteria.	preterm and low birthweight (ptlbw) continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity across the world. in recent years, maternal periodontal disease has been implicated as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. there is conflicting evidence to support such an outcome as illustrated by descriptive, case control and randomised controlled trials involving pregnant women from across the world, using different measurement tools to determine the level of periodontal disease. whilst cons ...	2010	21523222
differential effects of periopathogens on host protease inhibitors slpi, elafin, scca1, and scca2.	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitors (slpi), elafin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 and 2 (scca1 and scca2) are specific endogenous serine protease inhibitors expressed by epithelial cells that prevent tissue damage from excessive proteolytic enzyme activity due to inflammation. to determine the effects of various periopathogens on these protease inhibitors, we utilized human gingival epithelial cells (gecs) challenged with cell-free bacteria supernatants of various periopathogens porphyr ...	2010	21523231
treponema denticola biofilm-induced expression of a bacteriophage, toxin-antitoxin systems and transposases.	treponema denticola is an oral spirochaete that has been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. the bacterium exists as part of a dense biofilm (subgingival dental plaque) accreted to the tooth. to determine t. denticola gene products important for persistence as a biofilm we developed a continuous-culture biofilm model and conducted a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of biofilm and planktonic cells. a total of 126 genes were differentially expressed with a fold change of 1.5 or grea ...	2010	20007650
complementary tolls in the periodontium: how periodontal bacteria modify complement and toll-like receptor responses to prevail in the host.		2010	20017800
association of human t lymphotropic virus 1 amplification of periodontitis severity with altered cytokine expression in response to a standard periodontopathogen infection.	periodontal diseases (pds) are infectious diseases in which periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses that lead to tissue destruction. recently, viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pds. individuals infected with human t lymphotropic virus 1 (htlv-1) present with abnormal oral health and a marked increased prevalence of periodontal disease.	2010	20038241
treponema denticola suppresses expression of human {beta}-defensin-3 in gingival epithelial cells through inhibition of the toll-like receptor 2 axis.	we reported previously that treponema denticola, one of the periodontal pathogens, suppresses the expression of human beta-defensins (hbds) in human gingival epithelial cells. to identify the mechanisms involved in this suppression, immortalized and normal human gingival epithelial cells were infected with live or heat-killed t. denticola for 24 h, and then the expression of hbds was examined by real-time rt-pcr. live t. denticola suppressed the expression of hbd-3 substantially and also suppres ...	2010	19995893
genetic control of the innate immune response to borrelia hermsii influences the course of relapsing fever in inbred strains of mice.	host susceptibility to infection is controlled in large measure by the genetic makeup of the host. spirochetes of the genus borrelia include nearly 40 species of vector-borne spirochetes that are capable of infecting a wide range of mammalian hosts, causing lyme disease and relapsing fever. relapsing fever is associated with high-level bacteremia, as well as hematologic manifestations, such as thrombocytopenia (i.e., low platelet numbers) and anemia. to facilitate studies of genetic control of s ...	2010	19995898
genetic control of the innate immune response to borrelia hermsii influences the course of relapsing fever in inbred strains of mice.	host susceptibility to infection is controlled in large measure by the genetic makeup of the host. spirochetes of the genus borrelia include nearly 40 species of vector-borne spirochetes that are capable of infecting a wide range of mammalian hosts, causing lyme disease and relapsing fever. relapsing fever is associated with high-level bacteremia, as well as hematologic manifestations, such as thrombocytopenia (i.e., low platelet numbers) and anemia. to facilitate studies of genetic control of s ...	2010	19995898
a novel matrix metalloprotease-like enzyme (karilysin) of the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia atcc 43037.	proteases of tannerella forsythia, a pathogen associated with periodontal disease, are implicated as virulence factors. here, we characterized a matrix metalloprotease (mmp)-like enzyme of t. forsythia referred to as karilysin. full-length (without a signal peptide) recombinant karilysin (49.9 kda) processed itself into the mature 18-kda enzyme through sequential autoproteolytic cleavage at both n- and c-terminal profragments. the first cleavage at the asn14-tyr15 peptide bond generated the full ...	2010	19919176
an efficient method for enumerating oral spirochetes using flow cytometry.	spirochetes, such as treponema denticola, are thin walled, helical, motile bacteria. they are notoriously difficult to enumerate due to their thinness and the difficulties associated with culturing them. here we have developed a modified oral bacterial growth medium (obgm) that significantly improves the cultivation of t. denticola compared with a previously published growth medium. three methods for the enumeration of t. denticola, semi-solid growth medium colony-forming unit (cfu) counts, dna ...	2010	19932718
genome analysis of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and subsp. pertenue strains: most of the genetic differences are localized in six regions.	the genomes of eight treponemes including t. p. pallidum strains (nichols, ss14, dal-1 and mexico a), t. p. pertenue strains (samoa d, cdc-2 and gauthier), and the fribourg-blanc isolate, were amplified in 133 overlapping amplicons, and the restriction patterns of these fragments were compared. the approximate sizes of the genomes investigated based on this whole genome fingerprinting (wgf) analysis ranged from 1139.3-1140.4 kb, with the estimated genome sequence identity of 99.57-99.98% in the ...	2010	21209953
bifunctional role of the treponema pallidum extracellular matrix binding adhesin tp0751.	treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly invasive pathogenic spirochete capable of attaching to host cells, invading the tissue barrier, and undergoing rapid widespread dissemination via the circulatory system. the t. pallidum adhesin tp0751 was previously shown to bind laminin, the most abundant component of the basement membrane, suggesting a role for this adhesin in host tissue colonization and bacterial dissemination. we hypothesized that similar to that of other inva ...	2010	21149586
bifunctional role of the treponema pallidum extracellular matrix binding adhesin tp0751.	treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly invasive pathogenic spirochete capable of attaching to host cells, invading the tissue barrier, and undergoing rapid widespread dissemination via the circulatory system. the t. pallidum adhesin tp0751 was previously shown to bind laminin, the most abundant component of the basement membrane, suggesting a role for this adhesin in host tissue colonization and bacterial dissemination. we hypothesized that similar to that of other inva ...	2010	21149586
[detection of putative periodontal pathogens of periodontitis with type 2 diabetes].	to detect the putative periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of chronic periodontitis (cp) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (dm) and to discuss the role of the periodontal pathogens in the cp and type 2 dm patients.	2010	21163008
the structure of the catalytic domain of tannerella forsythia karilysin reveals it is a bacterial xenologue of animal matrix metalloproteinases.	metallopeptidases (mps) are among virulence factors secreted by pathogenic bacteria at the site of infection. one such pathogen is tannerella forsythia, a member of the microbial consortium that causes peridontitis, arguably the most prevalent infective chronic inflammatory disease known to mankind. the only reported mp secreted by t. forsythia is karilysin, a 52 kda multidomain protein comprising a central 18 kda catalytic domain (cd), termed kly18, flanked by domains unrelated to any known pro ...	2010	21166898
the structure of the catalytic domain of tannerella forsythia karilysin reveals it is a bacterial xenologue of animal matrix metalloproteinases.	metallopeptidases (mps) are among virulence factors secreted by pathogenic bacteria at the site of infection. one such pathogen is tannerella forsythia, a member of the microbial consortium that causes peridontitis, arguably the most prevalent infective chronic inflammatory disease known to mankind. the only reported mp secreted by t. forsythia is karilysin, a 52 kda multidomain protein comprising a central 18 kda catalytic domain (cd), termed kly18, flanked by domains unrelated to any known pro ...	2010	21166898
a novel cdsab operon is involved in the uptake of l-cysteine and participates in the pathogenesis of yersinia ruckeri.	application of in vivo expression technology (ivet) to yersinia ruckeri, an important fish pathogen, allowed the identification of two adjacent genes that represent a novel bacterial system involved in the uptake and degradation of l-cysteine. analysis of the translational products of both genes showed permease domains (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) and amino acid position identities (orf2) with the l-cysteine desulfidase from methanocaldococcus jannaschii, a new type of enzyme involved in the br ...	2010	21169490
a novel cdsab operon is involved in the uptake of l-cysteine and participates in the pathogenesis of yersinia ruckeri.	application of in vivo expression technology (ivet) to yersinia ruckeri, an important fish pathogen, allowed the identification of two adjacent genes that represent a novel bacterial system involved in the uptake and degradation of l-cysteine. analysis of the translational products of both genes showed permease domains (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) and amino acid position identities (orf2) with the l-cysteine desulfidase from methanocaldococcus jannaschii, a new type of enzyme involved in the br ...	2010	21169490
responses of human endothelial cells to pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospira species.	leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic infection that primarily affects residents of tropical regions, but causes infections in animals and humans in temperate regions as well. the agents of leptospirosis comprise several members of the genus leptospira, which also includes non-pathogenic, saprophytic species. leptospirosis can vary in severity from a mild, non-specific illness to severe disease that includes multi-organ failure and widespread endothelial damage and hemorrhage. to begin to inves ...	2010	21179504
upregulation of metc is essential for d-alanine-independent growth of an alr/dadx-deficient escherichia coli strain.	d-alanine is a central component of the cell wall in most prokaryotes. d-alanine synthesis in escherichia coli is carried out by two different alanine racemases encoded by the alr and dadx genes. deletion of alr and dadx from the e. coli genome results in a d-alanine auxotrophic phenotype. however, we have observed growth of prototrophic phenotypic revertants during routine culturing of a d-alanine auxotrophic strain. we present a detailed comparison of the proteome and transcriptome profiles of ...	2010	21193606
upregulation of metc is essential for d-alanine-independent growth of an alr/dadx-deficient escherichia coli strain.	d-alanine is a central component of the cell wall in most prokaryotes. d-alanine synthesis in escherichia coli is carried out by two different alanine racemases encoded by the alr and dadx genes. deletion of alr and dadx from the e. coli genome results in a d-alanine auxotrophic phenotype. however, we have observed growth of prototrophic phenotypic revertants during routine culturing of a d-alanine auxotrophic strain. we present a detailed comparison of the proteome and transcriptome profiles of ...	2010	21193606
use of quantitative pcr to evaluate methods of bacteria sampling in periodontal patients.	periodontal disease is associated with specific periodontal pathogens and may persist as gingivitis or progress to more severe disease. the bacteria involved in disease initiation and progression have not been identified. we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to compare the levels of porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola, and total bacteria detected by different sampling methods. on the basis of the results of clinical examinations, 57 patients we ...	2010	21206165
identification of the primary mechanism of complement evasion by the periodontal pathogen, treponema denticola.	treponema denticola, a periodontal pathogen, binds the complement regulatory protein factor h (fh). factor h binding protein b (fhbb) is the sole fh binding protein produced by t. denticola. the interaction of fhbb with fh is unique in that fh is bound to the cell and then cleaved by the t. denticola protease, dentilisin. a ∼ 50-kda product generated by dentilisin cleavage is retained at the cell surface. until this study, a direct role for the fhbb-fh interaction in complement evasion and serum ...	2010	21375704
myrsinoic acid b inhibits the production of hydrogen sulfide by periodontal pathogens in vitro.	recently, we reported that myrsinoic acid b purified from myrsine seguinii inhibited methyl mercaptan (ch(3)sh) production by fusobacterium nucleatum jcm8532. since hydrogen sulfide (h(2)s) is the main component of physiological halitosis, while ch(3)sh is involved in pathological oral halitosis, the objective of this study is to determine whether myrsinoic acid b inhibits h(2)s production by oral microorganisms. f. nucleatum, porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola were incubated with ...	2010	21383473
relationship between the β-galactosidase activity in saliva and parameters associated with oral malodor.	volatile sulfur compounds (vscs) are produced by enzymes capable of transforming s-amino acids to corresponding sulfides. protein degradation by periodontopathogens plays an important role in this process, and the proteolysis of glycoproteins depends on the initial removal of the carbohydrate side chains. in the present report, we tested the relationship between the β-galactosidase activity in saliva and parameters that influence oral malodor, including daily habits and oral conditions. the prev ...	2010	21386213
diabetes and periodontitis.	the main aim of this review is to update the reader with practical knowledge concerning the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. exclusive data is available on the association between these two chronic diseases till date. articles published on this relationship often provide the knowledge of definitions of diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases, prevalence, extent, severity of periodontal disease, complications of diabetes along with the possible underlying mechan ...	2010	21731243
[study of putative periodontal pathogens colonies in type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis].	ppurpose: to study the permanent planting of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes, and evaluate role of periodontal pathogens in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.	2010	21431261
evaluating clinical periodontal measures as surrogates for bacterial exposure: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (invest).	epidemiologic studies of periodontal infection as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease often use clinical periodontal measures as a surrogate for the underlying bacterial exposure of interest. there are currently no methodological studies evaluating which clinical periodontal measures best reflect the levels of subgingival bacterial colonization in population-based settings. we investigated the characteristics of clinical periodontal definitions that were most representative of exposure to b ...	2010	20056008
microbiologic testing and outcomes of full-mouth scaling and root planing with or without amoxicillin/metronidazole in chronic periodontitis.	it has been suggested that use of systemic antibiotics should be limited to patients with specific microbiologic profiles. the main purpose of the present analysis was to study whether microbiologic testing before therapy was of value in predicting which patients would specifically benefit from adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole, given in the context of full-mouth scaling and root planing (srp) within 48 hours.	2010	20059413
subgingival plaque removal using a new air-polishing device.	the purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, patient acceptance, and short-term microbiologic effect of a new air-polishing device in subjects in maintenance care with residual pockets > or =5 mm.	2010	20059420
fimr and fims: biofilm formation and gene expression in porphyromonas gingivalis.	porphyromonas gingivalis is a late-colonizing bacterium of the subgingival dental plaque biofilm associated with periodontitis. two p. gingivalis genes, fimr and fims, are predicted to encode a two-component signal transduction system comprising a response regulator (fimr) and a sensor histidine kinase (fims). in this study, we show that fims and fimr, although contiguous on the genome, are not part of an operon. we inactivated fimr and fims in both the afimbriated strain w50 and the fimbriated ...	2010	20061484
treponema denticola alters cell vitality and induces ho-1 and hsp70 expression in porcine aortic endothelial cells.	treponema denticola is an oral spirochete that is associated with periodontal disease and detected occasionally in extraoral lesions associated with systemic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases. the effect of specific bacterial products from oral treponemes on endothelium is poorly investigated. this study analyzed the ability of components of the outer membrane of t. denticola (omt) to induce apoptosis and heat shock proteins (ho-1 and hsp70) in porcine aortic endothelial cells (paecs), c ...	2010	20091146
periodontal bacterial load: a proposed new epidemiological method for periodontal disease assessment.	the purpose of this study was to identify a periodontal clinical measure that correlates with red complex bacteria usually associated with periodontal disease.	2010	20098966
analysis of the igg immune response to treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes in individual dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis.	papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) is a major infectious disease of the foot skin in dairy cattle. treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes have been consistently detected in pdd lesions, and antibodies against these organisms have been demonstrated in affected cattle. however, little is known about the dominant antigens recognized by the immune system of affected cattle. here, we investigated the igg immune response to t. phagedenis-like isolates by western blotting with different sera using w ...	2010	20107009
orthophosphate binding at the dimer interface of corynebacterium callunae starch phosphorylase: mutational analysis of its role for activity and stability of the enzyme.	orthophosphate recognition at allosteric binding sites is a key feature for the regulation of enzyme activity in mammalian glycogen phosphorylases. protein residues co-ordinating orthophosphate in three binding sites distributed across the dimer interface of a non-regulated bacterial starch phosphorylase (from corynebacterium callunae) were individually replaced by ala to interrogate their unknown function for activity and stability of this enzyme.	2010	20113461
comparative genomic analyses of attenuated strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum.	mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant respiratory and reproductive pathogen of domestic poultry. while the complete genomic sequence of the virulent, low-passage m. gallisepticum strain r (r(low)) has been reported, genomic determinants responsible for differences in virulence and host range remain to be completely identified. here, we utilize genome sequencing and microarray-based comparative genomic data to identify these genomic determinants of virulence and to elucidate genomic variabili ...	2010	20123709
[detection of periodental pathogens in atherosclerotic lesions in patients].	to detect periodontopathic bacterial dna in atherosclerotic vascular lesions in a group of chinese patients by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques.	2010	20140039
comparison of two different microbiological test kits for detection of periodontal pathogens.	the aim of this study was to compare the outcome of two different microbiological tests for detection of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (a.a.), porphyromonas gingivalis (p.g.), tannerella forsythia (t.f.) and treponema denticola (t.d.).	2010	20141366
trichomonas vaginalis vast bspa-like gene family: evidence for functional diversity from structural organisation and transcriptomics.	trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral human sexually transmitted pathogen and importantly, contributes to facilitating the spread of hiv. yet very little is known about its surface and secreted proteins mediating interactions with, and permitting the invasion and colonisation of, the host mucosa. initial annotations of t. vaginalis genome identified a plethora of candidate extracellular proteins.	2010	20144183
effects of a mouthwash with chlorine dioxide on oral malodor and salivary bacteria: a randomized placebo-controlled 7-day trial.	previous research has shown the oxidizing properties and microbiological efficacies of chlorine dioxide (clo2). its clinical efficacies on oral malodor have been evaluated and reported only in short duration trials, moreover, no clinical studies have investigated its microbiological efficacies on periodontal and malodorous bacteria. thus, the aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effects of a mouthwash containing clo2 used for 7 days on morning oral malodor and on salivary periodontal a ...	2010	20152022
the relationship between physiologic halitosis and periodontopathic bacteria of the tongue and gingival sulcus.	to determine the influence of oral status on halitosis, the relationship between halitosis and periodontopathic bacteria present in plaque on the tongue and the subgingival sulcus was examined in 62 periodontally healthy adults. halitosis indicators used were the organoleptic score; gas chromatography results [total volatile sulfur compounds (vscs) = h(2)s + ch(3)sh + (ch(3))(2)s]; halimeter values; and the results of three clinical tests, plaque control record (plcr), plaque index (pli), and to ...	2010	20155507
microbial risk markers for childhood caries in pediatricians' offices.	dental caries in pre-school children has significant public health and health disparity implications. to determine microbial risk markers for this infection, this study aimed to compare the microbiota of children with early childhood caries with that of caries-free children. plaque samples from incisors, molars, and the tongue from 195 children attending pediatricians' offices were assayed by 74 dna probes and by pcr to streptococcus mutans. caries-associated factors included visible plaque, chi ...	2010	20164496
inactivation of a putative flagellar motor switch protein flig1 prevents borrelia burgdorferi from swimming in highly viscous media and blocks its infectivity.	the flagellar motor switch complex protein flig plays an essential role in flagella biosynthesis and motility. in most motile bacteria, only one flig homologue is present in the genome. however, several spirochete species have two putative flig genes (referred to as flig1 and flig2) and their roles in flagella assembly and motility remain unknown. in this report, the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi was used as a genetic model to investigate the roles of these two flig homologues. it ...	2010	20180908
filifactor alocis--involvement in periodontal biofilms.	bacteria in periodontal pockets develop complex sessile communities that attach to the tooth surface. these highly dynamic microfloral environments challenge both clinicians and researchers alike. the exploration of structural organisation and bacterial interactions within these biofilms is critically important for a thorough understanding of periodontal disease. in recent years, filifactor alocis, a fastidious, gram-positive, obligately anaerobic rod was repeatedly identified in periodontal les ...	2010	20193074
evolution and multifarious horizontal transfer of an alternative biosynthetic pathway for the alternative polyamine sym-homospermidine.	polyamines are small flexible organic polycations found in almost all cells. they likely existed in the last universal common ancestor of all extant life, and yet relatively little is understood about their biological function, especially in bacteria and archaea. unlike eukaryotes, where the predominant polyamine is spermidine, bacteria may contain instead an alternative polyamine, sym-homospermidine. we demonstrate that homospermidine synthase (hss) has evolved vertically, primarily in the alph ...	2010	20194510
virulence and immunomodulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.	outer membrane (om) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by gram-negative bacteria during all stages of bacterial growth. om vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. strong experimental evidence exists to categorize om vesicle production as a type of gram-negative bacterial virulence factor. a growing body of data demonstrates an association of active virulence factors and toxins with vesicles, suggesting that they play a role in pathogenesis. one of the most ...	2010	20197500
killing of treponema denticola by mouse peritoneal macrophages.	treponema denticola has been identified as an important cause of periodontal disease and hypothesized to be involved in extra-oral infections. the objective of this study was to investigate the role of t. denticola cell length and motility during mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro uptake. macrophages, incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, produced a similar amount of tnf-alpha when stimulated with escherichia coli lps. the uptake of flge- and cfpa-deficient mutants of t. denticola ...	2010	20200417
treponema denticola suppresses expression of human beta-defensin-2 in gingival epithelial cells through inhibition of tnfalpha production and tlr2 activation.	we previously reported that treponema denticola, a periodontal pathogen, suppressed the expression of human beta-defensins (hbds) and il-8 in human gingival epithelial cells. to clarify the receptor(s) involved in the suppression of hbd-2, immortalized gingival epithelial (hok-16b) cells were infected with live or heat-killed t. denticola for 24 h, and the expression of hbd-2 was examined by real-time rt-pcr. live t. denticola, but not heat-killed bacteria, suppressed the expression of hbd-2 abo ...	2010	20213311
efficacy of amoxicillin and metronidazole combination for the management of generalized aggressive periodontitis.	the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of metronidazole-amoxicillin combination on clinical and microbiologic parameters in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis.	2010	20214441
binding and activation of host plasminogen on the surface of francisella tularensis.	francisella tularensis (ft) is a gram-negative facultative intracellular coccobacillus and is the causal agent of a life-threatening zoonotic disease known as tularemia. although ft preferentially infects phagocytic cells of the host, recent evidence suggests that a significant number of bacteria can be found extracellularly in the plasma fraction of the blood during active infection. this observation suggests that the interaction between ft and host plasma components may play an important role ...	2010	20226053
relationship between oral malodor and the global composition of indigenous bacterial populations in saliva.	oral malodor develops mostly from the metabolic activities of indigenous bacterial populations within the oral cavity, but whether healthy or oral malodor-related patterns of the global bacterial composition exist remains unclear. in this study, the bacterial compositions in the saliva of 240 subjects complaining of oral malodor were divided into groups based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) profiles using hierarchical cluster analysis, and the patterns of the microb ...	2010	20228112
cyr61 mediates hepatocyte growth factor-dependent tumor cell growth, migration, and akt activation.	certain tumor cell responses to the growth factor-inducible early response gene product ccn1/cyr61 overlap with those induced by the hepatocyte growth factor (hgf)/c-met signaling pathway. in this study, we investigate if cyr61 is a downstream effector of hgf/c-met pathway activation in human glioma cells. a semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 112 human glioma and normal brain specimens showed that levels of tumor-associated cyr61 protein correlate with tumor grade (p < 0.001) and w ...	2010	20233866
broad specificity ahpc-like peroxiredoxin and its thioredoxin reductant in the sparse antioxidant defense system of treponema pallidum.	little is known about the mechanisms by which treponema pallidum (tp), the causative agent of syphilis, copes with oxidative stress as it establishes persistent infection within its obligate human host. the tp genomic sequence indicates that the bacterium's antioxidant defenses do not include glutathione and are limited to just a few proteins, with only one, tp0509, offering direct defense against peroxides. although this tp peroxiredoxin (prx) closely resembles ahpc-like prxs, tp lacks ahpf, th ...	2010	20304799
differential regulation of the multiple flagellins in spirochetes.	the expression of flagellin genes in most bacteria is typically regulated by the flagellum-specific sigma(28) factor flia, and an anti-sigma(28) factor, flgm. however, the regulatory hierarchy in several bacteria that have multiple flagellins is more complex. in these bacteria, the flagellin genes are often transcribed by at least two different sigma factors. the flagellar filament in spirochetes consists of one to three flab core proteins and at least one flaa sheath protein. here, the genetica ...	2010	20304988
forces that influence the evolution of codon bias.	the frequencies of alternative synonymous codons vary both among species and among genes from the same genome. these patterns have been inferred to reflect the action of natural selection. here we evaluate this in bacteria. while intragenomic variation in many species is consistent with selection favouring translationally optimal codons, much of the variation among species appears to be due to biased patterns of mutation. the strength of selection on codon usage can be estimated by two different ...	2010	20308095
a metaproteomic analysis of the human salivary microbiota by three-dimensional peptide fractionation and tandem mass spectrometry.	metagenomics uses gene expression patterns to understand the taxonomy and metabolic activities of microbial communities. metaproteomics applies the same approach to community proteomes. previously, we used a novel three-dimensional peptide separation method to identify over 2000 salivary proteins. this study used those data to carry out the first metaproteomic analysis of the human salivary microbiota. the metagenomic software megan generated a phylogenetic tree, which was checked against the hu ...	2010	20331792
synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic bacteria on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in an ex vivo whole blood model.	porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia have been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. this disease is characterized by an accumulation of inflammatory cells in periodontal tissue and subgingival sites. the secretion of high levels of inflammatory cytokines by those cells is believed to contribute to periodontal tissue destruction. the aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response of whole blood from periodontitis patients following cha ...	2010	20331798
supernatants from oral epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts modulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter activation induced by periodontopathogens in monocytes/macrophages.	bacterial and host cell products during coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive (hiv-1(+)) patients regulate hiv-1 recrudescence in latently infected cells (e.g. t cells, monocytes/macrophages), impacting highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) failure and progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a high frequency of oral opportunistic infections (e.g. periodontitis) in hiv-1(+) patients has been demonstrated; however, their potential to impact hiv-1 exacerbati ...	2010	20331801
bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of 10 healthy individuals.	the composition of the oral microbiota from 10 individuals with healthy oral tissues was determined using culture-independent techniques. from each individual, 26 specimens, each from different oral sites at a single point in time, were collected and pooled. an 11th pool was constructed using portions of the subgingival specimens from all 10 individuals. the 16s ribosomal rna gene was amplified using broad-range bacterial primers, and clone libraries from the individual and subgingival pools wer ...	2010	20336157
do elderly edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis harbor periodontal pathogens?	the presence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity may impact implant survival. therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of campylobacter rectus, porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, prevotella intermedia, tannerella forsythia, treponema denticola, eikenella corrodens and parvimonas micra in a specific elderly population with a history of periodontitis who have never worn dentures.	2010	20337663
immune response to cytolethal distending toxin of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients.	cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is a genotoxin produced by aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. in spite of its association with pathogenesis, little is known about the humoral immune response against the cdt. this study aimed to test whether subgingival colonization and humoral response to a. actinomycetemcomitans would lead to a response against cdt.	2010	20337882
major surface protein complex of treponema denticola induces the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 by primary human peripheral blood monocytes.	treponema denticola is a micro-organism that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. major surface protein complex (mspc), which is expressed on the envelope of this treponeme, plays a key role in the interaction between t. denticola and gingival cells. the peptidoglycan extracted from t. denticola induces the production of a large variety of inflammatory mediators by macrophage-like cells, suggesting that individual components of t. denticola cells induce the inflammatory response dur ...	2010	20337896
the analysis of oral microbial communities of wild-type and toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice using a 454 gs flx titanium pyrosequencer.	although mice have long served as an animal model for periodontitis, information on the composition of their indigenous oral microbiota is limited. the aim of the current study was to characterize mouse oral bacterial flora by applying extensive parallel pyrosequencing using the latest model pyrosequencer, a roche/454 genome sequencer flx titanium. in addition, the effect of toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 deficiency on oral microbiota was evaluated.	2010	20370919
use of luminescent leptospira interrogans for enumeration in biological assays.	rapid and reliable in vitro methods for the detection of pathogenic leptospires, such as leptospira interrogans, are lacking. the present study investigated the use of luminescence to replace the existing enumeration techniques. transposon tnsc189 was modified to incorporate the luxcdabe cassette from photorhabdus luminescens and was used to construct luminescent leptospira spp. there was a linear relationship between luminescence and cell number, with the theoretical detection limit being less ...	2010	20375235
mixture of periodontopathogenic bacteria influences interaction with kb cells.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the adhesion and invasion of periodontopathogenic bacteria in varied mixed infections and the release of interleukins from an epithelial cell line (kb cells).	2010	20380884
a highly selective oligopeptide binding protein from the archaeon sulfolobus solfataricus.	sso1273 of sulfolobus solfataricus was identified as a cell surface-bound protein by a proteomics approach. sequence inspection of the genome revealed that the open reading frame of sso1273 is associated in an operon-like structure with genes encoding all the remaining components of a canonical protein-dependent atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter. sso1273 gene expression and sso1273 protein accumulation on the cell surface were demonstrated to be strongly induced by the addition of a peptide ...	2010	20382765
fam5c contributes to aggressive periodontitis.	aggressive periodontitis is characterized by a rapid and severe periodontal destruction in young systemically healthy subjects. a greater prevalence is reported in africans and african descendent groups than in caucasians and hispanics. we first fine mapped the interval 1q24.2 to 1q31.3 suggested as containing an aggressive periodontitis locus. three hundred and eighty-nine subjects from 55 pedigrees were studied. saliva samples were collected from all subjects, and dna was extracted. twenty-one ...	2010	20383335
cleavage of iggs by proteases associated with invasive diseases: an evasion tactic against host immunity?	the effective functioning of immunoglobulins and igg mabs in removing pathological cells requires that the antigen binding regions and the fc (effector) domain act in concert. the hinge region that connects these domains itself presents motifs that engage fc receptors on immune effector cells to achieve cell lysis. in addition, sequences in the lower hinge/ch2 and further down the ch2 region are involved in c1q binding and complement-mediated cell killing. proteolytic enzymes of little relevance ...	2010	20400859
response of subgingival bacteria to smoking cessation.	it has been demonstrated that smoking cessation alters the subgingival microbial profile; however, the response of individual bacteria within this ecosystem has not been well studied. the aim of this investigation, therefore, was to longitudinally examine the effect of smoking cessation on the prevalence and levels of selected subgingival bacteria using molecular approaches for bacterial identification and enumeration. subgingival plaque was collected from 22 smokers at the baseline and 12 month ...	2010	20410352
periodontal disease-associated micro-organisms in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women using or not using hormone replacement therapy. a two-year follow-up study.	despite conflicting results on the use of hormone replacement therapy (hrt) there is no doubt that many women benefit from it. women using hrt are known to be more health conscious in general with putative positive implications in the mouth. however, we observed recently in our cohort hardly any difference in oral health status between hrt-users and non-users. there are only a few studies about hrt and oral microbiota. we hypothesized that counts of periodontal micro-organisms are lower in healt ...	2010	20429938
treponema denticola prcb is required for expression and activity of the prca-prtp (dentilisin) complex.	the treponema denticola surface protease complex, consisting of prtp protease (dentilisin) and two auxiliary polypeptides (prca1 and prca2), is believed to contribute to periodontal disease by degrading extracellular matrix components and disrupting host intercellular signaling. previously, we showed that transcription of the protease operon initiates upstream of tde0760 (herein designated prcb), the open reading frame immediately 5' of prca-prtp. the prcb gene is conserved in t. denticola strai ...	2010	20435733
secreted aspergillus fumigatus protease alp1 degrades human complement proteins c3, c4, and c5.	the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus is a major cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. innate immunity plays an important role in the defense against infections. the complement system represents an essential part of the innate immune system. this cascade system is activated on the surface of a. fumigatus conidia and hyphae and enhances phagocytosis of conidia. a. fumigatus conidia but not hyphae bind to their surface host complement regulators factor ...	2010	20498262
peptidylarginine deiminase from porphyromonas gingivalis citrullinates human fibrinogen and α-enolase: implications for autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis.	to investigate protein citrullination by the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis as a potential mechanism for breaking tolerance to citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis (ra).	2010	20506214
the recolonization hypothesis in a full-mouth or multiple-session treatment protocol: a blinded, randomized clinical trial.	to test recolonization of periodontal lesions after full-mouth scaling and root planing (fm-srp) or multiple session-srp (ms-srp) in a randomized clinical trial and whether fm-srp and ms-srp result in different clinical outcomes.	2010	20507375
structural and enzymatic insights into the atp binding and autophosphorylation mechanism of a sensor histidine kinase.	desk is a sensor histidine kinase (hk) that allows bacillus subtilis to respond to cold shock, triggering the adaptation of membrane fluidity via transcriptional control of a fatty acid desaturase. it belongs to the hk family hpk7, which includes the nitrogen metabolism regulators narx/q and the antibiotic sensor lias among other important sensor kinases. structural information on different hk families is still scarce and several questions remain, particularly concerning the molecular features t ...	2010	20507988
peptidoglycan crosslinking relaxation promotes helicobacter pylori's helical shape and stomach colonization.	the mechanisms by which bacterial cells generate helical cell shape and its functional role are poorly understood. helical shape of the human pathogen helicobacter pylori may facilitate penetration of the thick gastric mucus where it replicates. we identified four genes required for helical shape: three lytm peptidoglycan endopeptidase homologs (csd1-3) and a ccma homolog. surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacteria, the peptidoglycan (murein) sacculus is a meshwork of glycan strands j ...	2010	20510929
periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis.	periodontitis, or gum disease, affects millions of people each year. although it is associated with a defined microbial composition found on the surface of the tooth and tooth root, the contribution of bacteria to disease progression is poorly understood. commensal bacteria probably induce a protective response that prevents the host from developing disease. however, several bacterial species found in plaque (the 'red-complex' bacteria: porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia and treponem ...	2010	20514045
bacterial and human peptidylarginine deiminases: targets for inhibiting the autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis?	peptidylarginine deiminases (pads) convert arginine within a peptide (peptidylarginine) into peptidylcitrulline. citrullination by human pads is important in normal physiology and inflammation. porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen in periodontitis, is the only prokaryote described to possess pad. p. gingivalis infection may generate citrullinated peptides, which trigger anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies. in susceptible individuals, host protein citrullination by human pads in the joint ...	2010	20553633
in vitro identification of novel plasminogen-binding receptors of the pathogen leptospira interrogans.	leptospirosis is a multisystem disease caused by pathogenic strains of the genus leptospira. we have reported that leptospira are able to bind plasminogen (plg), to generate active plasmin in the presence of activator, and to degrade purified extracellular matrix fibronectin.	2010	20582320
porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola mixed microbial infection in a rat model of periodontal disease.	porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola are periodontal pathogens that express virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. in this paper we tested the hypothesis that p. gingivalis and t. denticola are synergistic in terms of virulence; using a model of mixed microbial infection in rats. groups of rats were orally infected with either p. gingivalis or t. denticola or mixed microbial infections for 7 and 12 weeks. p. gingivalis genomic dna was detected more frequ ...	2010	20592756