Publications

analysis of short novel human papillomavirus sequences.	consensus primer mediated pcr protocols have the potential to amplify previously uncharacterized human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes. in a study on 500 cervicovaginal samples, we amplified four sequences (l1ae 1 to l1ae 4) that failed to hybridize to any of the available hpv type-specific oligonucleotide probes. nucleotide sequencing revealed that the sequences were derived from the l1 region of hitherto unsequenced genotypes. comparison of phylogenetic trees based on the amplified l1 sequences ...	1994	7980548
evaluation of biohit hpv screening and typing kits in detection of human papillomavirus dna from lesions of anogenital tract.	the biohit hpv screening and typing kits for in situ hybridization of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna are now commercially available. the hpv screening kit contains a cocktail of hpv probes, and the typing kit contains separated hybridization probes for hpv 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33. they were evaluated by comparison with an in situ hybridization (ish) method, using the pathogene hpv probes 6/11, 16/18, 31/33/51. one hundred anogenital biopsies from 78 women and 22 men were tested. among them, 43 ...	1994	7981895
oncogene activation: an informative marker for the human papillomavirus-lesions severity.	the aim of this study was the detection of c-ha-ras and c-myc activation and p21ras and p62myc expression in anogenital hpv-associated lesions. thirty-two women with cervical and vaginal lesions and forty men with anal or penile warts were enrolled for the study. biopsies were subjected to histological assessment, in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes, and immunohistochemistry. in both women and men, most of the biopsies showing no major histological abnormalities were negative for hpv ...	1994	7982237
perianal condylomata acuminata.	perianal condylomata, a result of clinical infection with human papillomavirus, are an increasing problem. the warts lead to bleeding, itching, and discomfort in the anal region and also may be associated with anal canal neoplasia. treatment options are numerous and include chemical caustic agents, surgical ablative methods, and immunotherapy. a high rate of recurrence is encountered despite the best of efforts.	1994	7985068
human papilloma virus associated with solitary squamous papilloma complicated by bronchiectasis and bronchial stenosis.	a 28-year-old man presented with recurrent pneumonias for 6 years. chest radiograph and computed tomography showed localized bronchiectasis of the anterior segment of the left upper lobe. bronchoscopy showed bronchial stenosis without an endobronchial lesion. after 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment, the patient had a recurrent pneumonia and underwent left upper lobectomy that showed a solitary squamous papilloma. in situ hybridization studies of the papilloma were reactive for human papilloma viru ...	1994	7988218
comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analysis in detecting and typing human papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid in tumors of the lower female genital tract.	to conduct studies on the clinical and pathologic significance of human papilloma virus (hpv) in genital malignancies, accurate detection and typing of the virus in clinical material are essential. currently, southern blotting and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) are two of the most commonly used methods to identify hpv. this study was undertaken to compare these techniques in the detection and typing of hpv in 242 invasive malignancies of the lower female genital tract. bamhi and psti restri ...	1994	7866640
[expression of hpv16e6 gene and preparation of monoclonal antibody against the expression product].	the recombinant plasmid pas1-hpv16e6 containing the hpv16e6 gene was expressed in e. coli ar120 under nalidixic acid induction. a 19kd expression protein was isolated, purified and identified. mice were immunized with the purified e6 expression protein. a murine hybridoma, rac6, was obtained by fusing splenic cells from an immunized babl/c mouse with mouse myeloma cell line sp2/0-ag14 cells, followed by screening in hat medium, cloning and recloning in methyl cellulose. the hybridoma rac6 stably ...	1994	7867098
non-isotopic in situ hybridization of human papilloma virus on histologic sections: an amended protocol.	the authors report on their experience with an hpv non-radioactive in situ hybridization kit and describe the favorable results gained with the amended protocol, which are as follows: 1. the application of a decreased amount of both the probe and the chromogen substrate did not alter the quality of reactions. therefore we were able to make 60 reactions instead of the originally suggested 21. 2. the proteolytic enzyme digestion time could be prolonged by changing proteinase-k for pepsin which int ...	1994	7847839
screening for cervical abnormalities in women with anogenital warts in an std clinic: an inappropriate use of colposcopy.	an audit of the use of colposcopy in women with anogenital warts was performed. fifty women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in a district general hospital with anogenital warts were examined by cervical cytology and colposcopy for cervical infection by human papillomavirus (hpv) or epithelial abnormality indicating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) or both. collated results showed a high prevalence of both conditions in these 50 women; 20 (40%) had evidence of cervica ...	1994	7849124
expression of p53 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia: possible correlation with human papillomavirus infection and clinicopathological findings.	in order to evaluate the expression of p53 protein in 28 premalignant and 40 malignant squamous cell proliferations of the larynx and its relationship to tobacco consumption, human papillomavirus infection and differentiation grade of the lesions, p53 expression was examined by means of a microwave post-fixation immunohistochemical method using the pab 240 and pab 1801 monoclonal antibodies. hpv infection was assessed by non-isotopic in situ hybridization (nish) and polymerase chain reaction (pc ...	1994	7850072
detection of human papillomavirus rna in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction.	the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 and 18 transcripts was determined by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in ovarian and endometrial carcinoma tissue. hpv-16 dna sequences were detected in 50.0% (9/18) of the ovarian carcinomas and in 44.4% (8/18) of endometrial carcinomas. hpv-18 dna sequences were found in 16.7% (3/18) of both the ovarian and endometrial carcinomas. using rna-pcr analysis, we found 3 out of 9 (33.3%) of the hpv-16 dna-positive and 1 in 3 (33 ...	1994	7851815
degradation of p53 only is not sufficient for the growth stimulatory effect of human papillomavirus 16 e6 oncoprotein in human embryonic fibroblasts.	certain types of human papillomavirus (hpv), such as types 16 and 18, are thought to be responsible for the development of cervical carcinomas. the e6 and e7 genes of these viruses have transforming activities in various cultured cells and their mrnas and proteins are expressed in almost all cervical carcinoma cells. inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 protein by the e6 gene is believed to be critical for transformation by these oncogenic hpvs. to determine whether degradation of the p53 pr ...	1994	7852968
test reliability is critically important to molecular epidemiology: an example from studies of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia.	to demonstrate that it is critically important to achieve excellent test reliability before conducting full-scale molecular epidemiological studies, data were compared from two consecutive case-control studies of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. the major methodological difference between the two studies was the much greater reliability of the hpv test used in the second study. although the first study used an assay considered state-of-the-art at that ...	1994	7794294
kinetic and equilibrium binding studies of the human papillomavirus type-16 transcription regulatory protein e2 interacting with core enhancer elements.	the human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are a family of dna viruses which cause benign tumours of the skin and mucosa that infrequently progress to malignant carcinoma. the e2 open reading frame of hpv is thought to encode a papillomavirus-specific transcription factor which also has a role in viral replication. the e2 proteins of all papillomaviruses studied to date have been shown to bind specifically to the common conserved sequence acc(n)6ggt found at multiple locations in their genomes. in the ca ...	1994	7800477
[asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among hiv-tested persons].	we have prospectively determined the frequency of asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases (std) among patients seeking an hiv-test. in 246 patients, we observed 32 cases (13%) of asymptomatic std, predominantly infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis or human papillomavirus. std screening is of significance among patients seeking an hiv-test.	1994	7817414
differential response of cervical intraepithelial and cervical carcinoma cell lines to transforming growth factor-beta 1.	transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf-beta 1) is a potent inhibitor of epithelial cell proliferation. it has been proposed that loss of sensitivity to growth inhibition by tgf-beta 1 may be an important step in the development of cervical carcinoma, but it remains unclear whether this represents an early or a late event. we compared the sensitivity to tgf-beta 1 of nontumorigenic human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (hpv dna)-positive cell lines derived from cervical intraepithelial neopl ...	1994	7835777
intra- and extracellular control mechanisms of human papillomavirus infection.		1994	7843929
epidemiology: a tool for the study of human papillomavirus-related carcinogenesis.		1994	7843932
[inverted papilloma and its association with human papillomavirus (hpv). a study with polymerase chain reaction (pcr)].	nasal inverted papilloma is usually a benign tumor but is associated with squamous cell carcinoma in about 10% of cases. to determine the etiological role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in inverted papilloma and to clarify the relationship between the different types of human papillomavirus and malignant transformation, we analyzed retrospectively a series of 29 formalin - fixed, paraffin-embedded cases, 3 of which had squamous cell carcinoma. a highly sensitive and specific modification of the p ...	1994	7843998
nucleic acid dot blot hybridization with fragmented digoxygenin labelled probes in human papillomavirus dna screening.	twenty human genital tissue samples from patients with different premalignant and malignant lesions were investigated by nucleic acid hybridization, using the dot blot technique. molecular probes of various length--whole or fragmented papillomavirus genome--were digoxygenin-labelled. human papillomavirus 16 dna was identified in fifteen cases, well correlated with the clinical diagnosis. fragments of papillomavirus genome proved to be efficient probes in nucleic acid hybridization as compared wi ...	1994	7619734
sexually transmitted diseases from the tropics. an overview.	the tropical ecosystem as related to sexually transmitted diseases and their epidemiology is outlined in this article. the predominance of first-generation bacterial stds with more florid presentations, together with a back-ground of more covert infections, such as with chlamydia and human papillomavirus, are noted. presentations of infections in people returning from the tropics are highlighted, and particular features of the various infections relevant to their tropical origin are discussed. t ...	1994	7805303
human papillomavirus in condyloma acuminata and other benign lesions of the female genital tract.	pcr was used to detect (hpv) in condyloma acuminata (ca), pseudocondyloma whose cause is unclear, and the other benign lesions in female genital tract. the results showed that hpv prevalence rate in ca was 98.2%, type 6 was in 11 was 85.7%, and that in pseudocondyloma, cervical polyp, cervical erosion and chronic vaginitis was 40.4%, 76.2%, 77.3% and 16.0%, respectively. even in normal vaginal tissue, there existed hpv subclinical infection. hpv prevalence rate in swabs from patient's underwears ...	1994	7805465
cell-mediated immunity in invasive cervical carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 infection.		1994	7805989
management of the female hiv-infected patient.	management of women with hiv infection or aids should follow the established guidelines for antiretroviral therapy and prevention and treatment of opportunistic complications of hiv infection. gynecological manifestations of hiv are primarily cervical dysplasia and cancer associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and vaginal and mucocutaneous candidiasis. human papillomavirus-associated cervical dysplasia/neoplasia is more common in women with advanced rather than early hiv disease, a ...	1994	7811546
the role of early colposcopy in the management of females with first episode anogenital warts.	212 females attending a genitourinary medicine (gum) clinic with first episode anogenital warts were screened by cervical cytology and colposcopy/histology for the presence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in keeping with infection by the human papillomavirus (hpv infection) and/or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities detected by cervical cytology alone was 32%, rising to 56% after colposcopic examination. however, the majority of cerv ...	1994	7819352
[stable suppression of transcription of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv 18) e6 and e7 genes in transformed rat fibroblasts: use of an antisense oligonucleotide to the e7 gene].		1994	7820079
hpv detection using "hot start" polymerase chain reaction in patients with oral cancer: a clinicopathological study of 64 patients.	we examined the incidence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in intraoral cancers from 64 patients as determined by the highly sensitive technique of "hot start" polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. polymerase-chain-reaction-amplified hpv dna was detected in the carcinomas of 16 patients (25%). the percentage of men in the hpv-positive (hpv+) group was greater than that in the hpv-negative (hpv-) group (86% versus 68%), but the difference was not statistically ...	1994	7824504
role of hiv as cofactor in hpv oncogenesis: in vitro evidences of virus interactions.		1994	7826030
detection of dna and e7 transcripts of human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31 and 33, tgf beta and gm-csf transcripts in cervical cancers and precancers.	the association of human papillomavirus (hpv) with a high proportion of cervical cancers should allow the efficiency of cytological screening methods to be improved. we report here that quantitative detection of hpv types 16, 18, 31 and 33 dna and the corresponding e7 transcripts by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) may be of value in identifying precancers and cancers. in clinical specimens with major cervical lesions, the level of e7 transcription does not appear to be related to concomitant tra ...	1994	7826216
[cervical pathology and immunodepression].	the human papilloma virus is often involved in the pathogenesis of cervical lesions. a local or systemic immunodeficiency allows neoplasia outbreaks. we do not know if immunodepression only allows the virus to persist, or if the hpv induces a local immunodeficiency. large warts are often associated with pregnancy, but cervical cancers are not increased in pregnant women. induced immunodeficiency (among transplanted patients), or aids increase the rate of cin and cervical cancers. the more seriou ...	1994	7827639
human papillomavirus vaccines: a warty problem.	infection of the genital tract with human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is a common occurrence, and manifestations can include genital warts (condyloma acuminata), dysplasia, and invasive cancer. approaches to diagnose and treat hpv infections are costly and are not fully effective. even in populations at low risk for sexually transmitted diseases (stds), hpv infection is severalfold more prevalent than all other stds combined, and worldwide, uterine cervical cancer remains the most common cancer in w ...	1994	7827787
[detection of cervical human papillomavirus infection from women with external genital condyloma acuminata].	cervical biopsy specimens were taken from 36 women with external genital condyloma acuminata in order to diagnose a concomitant cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. positive hpv infection rate of cervix was 16% (6/36) by routine visual examination, 69% (25/36) by colposcopy and 56% (18/32) by pathology. among those patients 31% (10/32) have grade i-ii cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) according to pathology. in 8 cases, both vulva and cervical specimens were examined by southern ...	1994	7712891
intralesional interferon alpha-2b therapy for buschke-loewenstein tumour.	a patient with a buschke-loewenstein tumour associated with human papillomavirus type 6/11 is reported. he was intralesionally treated with human recombinant alpha-2b interferon (9 x 10(6) iu/day) three times weekly. the tumour completely disappeared within 5 months of continuous treatment which was well tolerated. sixteen months after completion of therapy the patient remains well and free of disease.	1994	7701880
[genital herpes simplex virus infection among men screened for genital papillomavirus].	our aim was to assess the frequency of herpetic genital infection (hsv) among men attending a human papillomavirus (hpv) screening centre. clinical screening of a herpetic lesion was completed with biological detection of hsv by cell culture and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we also evaluated the role of the male viral factor on the female partners.	1994	7702261
inactivation of the p53 gene by either mutation or hpv infection is extremely frequent in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.	the state of p53 tumour suppressor and the frequency of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) infections were studied in nine human oral cancer cell lines. three cancer cell lines (scc-4, tu-177 and fadu) had similar amounts of p53 transcripts to normal cells, but contained significantly higher levels of p53 protein than the normal control cells. sequencing highly conserved open reading frames of the p53 gene of these cancer cells showed point mutations in the scc-4 and tu-177 cell lines, a base ...	1994	7703804
naked-eye inspection of the cervix after acetic acid application may improve the predictive value of negative cytologic screening.	the purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of naked-eye inspection of the cervix (nic) after acetic acid application as an adjunct to papanicolaou (pap) testing for cervical cancer screening.	1994	7755697
hypothetical structure of the membrane-associated e5 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16.		1994	7698457
ribozyme-mediated in vitro cleavage of transcripts arising from the major transforming genes of human papillomavirus type 16.	human papillomaviruses (hpv) have been strongly implicated as important cofactors in the development of several human malignancies, particularly anogenital carcinomas. products arising from the e6 and e7 open reading frames (orfs) from hpv-16, a type commonly associated with human cervical carcinoma, are essential for viral transformation. unfortunately, a highly effective treatment for this infection is not available. to develop a novel treatment for this disease, ribozymes were designed to cle ...	1994	7627817
non-isotopic labeling of dna by newly developed hapten-containing platinum compounds.	a newly developed reagent was tested for its applicability in in situ hybridization and in reversed hybridization of dna fragments generated by pcr amplification. this platinum-complex, designated universal linkage system (uls), equipped, for instance, with biotin or fluorescein as hapten, enables versatile nonenzymatic "one step" labeling of genomic, cloned or amplified dna. here we demonstrate direct in situ detection of integrated human papilloma virus (hpv) dna in cervical carcinoma cells us ...	1994	7639838
[detection of human herpesvirus type 6, human herpesvirus type 7, cytomegalovirus and human papillomavirus in cutaneous aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma].	in order to evaluate a possible role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma (ks), we investigated 26 cutaneous aids-associated ks by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. by pcr we detected human papilloma viruses (hpv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), and for the first time human herpesvirus 7 (hhv-7) in the ks. the prevalence of hpv, hhv-6, and hhv-7 was similar to or lower in ks than in normal ...	1994	7533997
strategies for studying mouse and human immune responses to human papillomavirus type 16.	cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are an important protective mechanism in viral infection and can be effective against tumours. we have investigated the tumour-associated e6 and e7 genes of human papillomavirus type 16 as ctl targets. in h-2b mice we have defined epitopes in e6 and e7 which can readily generate ctl in vivo and we have shown that hla-a2.1 transgenic mice can generate an hla-a2.1-restricted response. we have been unable to reveal a primed ctl response in humans. these paradoxical fin ...	1994	7540971
a seroepidemiologic study of hpv infection and incident cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions.	the seroepidemiology of genital human papillomavirus (hpv) and incident cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) was studied in subjects selected from a large cohort monitored for the development of sil. serum igg and iga responses to 10 epitopes derived from hpv were measured in 21 incident cases of sil and 56 matched controls. cases showed elevated antibody (i.e., igg and/or iga) seroprevalence to 245:16, a peptide antigen derived from the e2 open reading frame of hpv 16 (or = 5.76; 95% ...	1994	7576031
integration site of human papillomavirus type-18 dna in chromosome band 8q22.1 of c4-i cervical carcinoma: dnase i hypersensitivity and methylation of cellular flanking sequences.	the c4-i cell line derived from a non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix contains integrated human papillomavirus-18 dna. fluorescence in situ hybridization of c4-i cells demonstrated a single viral integration site at 8q22.1 on a derivative chromosome originating from an 8q;12q translocation. 8q22 is a site of chromosome fragility and is also recombinogenic in several human malignancies. dnase i hypersensitivity of the integration site was studied with a cellular flankin ...	1994	7507697
role of hla-a motifs in identification of potential ctl epitopes in human papillomavirus type 16 e6 and e7 proteins.	we have measured the binding affinity for five hla-a alleles: hla-a1 (a0101), a2.1 (a0201), a3 (a0301), a11 (a1101), and a24 (a*2401); of a set of all possible nonamer peptides (n = 240) of human papillomavirus type 16 e6 and e7 proteins. high affinity binding peptides were identified for each of the alleles, thus allowing us to select several candidates for ctl-based vaccines. moreover, this unbiased set of peptides allowed an evaluation of the predictive value of hla motifs derived either ...	1994	7511661
prevalence of hpv in premalignant and malignant cervical lesions in greenland and denmark: pcr and in situ hybridization analysis on archival material.	archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical specimens from 125 women in greenland and 139 women in denmark who had cin i-iii or cervical cancer diagnosed between 1983 and 1987 were analysed for human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) by in situ hybridization and for hpv-16, 18, 31, 33, 35 and 45 by pcr. in situ hybridization analysis showed an hpv-16 prevalence of 17% (16/95) and 23% (24/105) in the premalignant lesions from greenland and denmark, respectively. the hpv-16 prevalence rate in ...	1994	7520189
transgenic mice expressing targeted hpv-18 e6 and e7 oncogenes in the epidermis develop verrucous lesions and spontaneous, rasha-activated papillomas.	in order to create a transgenic model for human papilloma virus (hpv)-associated carcinogenesis, we have used the regulatory elements of a human keratin k1 (hk1) gene to target the expression of the e6 and e7 oncogenes of hpv-18 exclusively to the epidermis. all murine expressors were viable and lived normal lifetimes; older mice (> 1 year) possessed numerous small lesions with a verrucous (wart-like) histotype. analysis of newborn epidermis and lesions revealed that the hpv-18 e6/e7 genes were ...	1994	7522035
cell-free replication of the human papillomavirus dna with homologous viral e1 and e2 proteins and human cell extracts.	we have established the first homologous cell-free dna replication system for a papillomavirus. the replication of the human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) origin was achieved by using human 293 cell extracts supplemented with the hpv-11 e1 and e2 proteins purified from insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses. efficient replication depends on the hpv-11 origin, the hpv-11 e1 and e2 proteins, as well as human dna polymerase alpha, delta, replication protein a, topoisomerase i, and t ...	1994	7523366
development of transgenic mouse models of skin carcinogenesis: potential applications.		1994	7526406
t cell epitopes in human papilloma virus proteins.	infection by hpv is associated with several human diseases such as warts of the skin, condylomata of the genital track and carcinoma of the cervix. although there is strong evidence for immune control of hpv types causing warts and condylomata, it is currently unclear whether patients infected with transforming hpv types can mount efficient t cell responses. despite the apparent low immunogenicity of transforming hpv types, several th and ctl epitopes have been identified in proteins derived fro ...	1994	7528003
detection of human papillomavirus type 16 e6/e7 transcripts in histologically cancer-free pelvic lymph nodes of patients with cervical carcinoma.	human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 e6/e7 mrnas have been detected in paraffin-embedded sections of histologically cancer-free pelvic lymph nodes from four of six patients with hpv 16-associated cervical cancer. the cdna obtained from the viral mrna by reverse transcription was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). transcripts were present in a small but significant proportion (6/42, 14%) of the histologically negative/hpv 16 dna-positive lymph node blocks; but neither hpv 16 dna nor trans ...	1994	8314141
vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and papillomaviruses: indications for two different etiologies.	the vulvectomy specimens of 78 patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed and examined for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33 by the polymerase chain reaction technique. the tumors were classified as keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (ksc), as warty carcinoma (wc), and as basaloid carcinoma (bc). dna of hpv types 16 and 33 was found in 2/51 ksc, in 12/17 wc, and in 10/10 bc. hpv types 6, 11, and 18 were not detected. patients with wc and bc were younger, an ...	1994	8314146
parathyroid hormone-related protein and human papillomavirus in gynecological tumors.	the presence of parathyroid hormone-related protein (pthrp) and human papillomavirus (hpv) in a series of gynecological tumors from 131 unselected patients was examined. pthrp was localized immunohistochemically using a highly specific rabbit polyclonal anti-serum against pthrp(1-16). the results confirmed that gynecological malignancies, although rarely associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (hhm), stained for pthrp in a majority of the squamous-cell carcinomas (scc) at all sites, ...	1994	8314318
prevalence of human papillomavirus dna in female cervical lesions from rio de janeiro, brazil.	a hundred-sixty paraffin-embedded specimens from female cervical lesions were examined for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16 and 18 infections by non-isotopic in situ hybridization. the data were compared with histologic diagnosis. eighty-eight (55%) biopsies contained hpv dna sequences. in low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (cin i), hpv infection was detected in 78.7% of the cases, the benign hpv 6 was the most prevalent type. hpv dna was detected in 58% of cin ii and cin ii ...	1994	8524058
bowen's disease of the nail bed and periungual area. a clinicopathologic analysis of seven cases.	this article describes the clinical and histologic features of seven cases of bowen's disease (bd) of the nail bed, evaluates the role of human papillomavirus in the bowenoid change, and discusses optimal therapy.	1994	8304759
significance of human papillomavirus-induced squamous cell carcinoma to dermatologists.		1994	8304764
laryngeal verrucous carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and detection of human papillomavirus using polymerase chain reaction.	laryngeal verrucous carcinoma (lvc) is a rare, well-differentiated variant of squamous carcinoma with a low malignant potential. human papillomavirus (hpv)-16 dna has been identified in a small number of lvc and an etiologic relationship has been suggested. a correlative clinical and molecular pathological study was performed in order to determine the prevalence and typing of hpv dna in lvc. possible associations between patient and tumor subsets, and the presence of hpv dna were also investigat ...	1994	8302116
p53 mutations in hpv-negative cervical carcinoma.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection has been strongly linked to the development of cervical carcinoma. two viral oncoproteins, e6 and e7, produced by hpv, have been shown to immortalize primary human genital epithelial cells by interacting with the protein products of cellular tumor suppressor genes p53 and rb, respectively. e6 binds to the cellular p53 protein promoting p53 degradation and inactivity. this mechanism has been suggested to contribute to the oncogenesis of hpv-positive anogenital ...	1994	8302581
pseudo oral hairy leukoplakia in a renal allograft recipient.	oral hairy leukoplakia (ohl) is a disorder of the tongue associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv). ohl is seen mainly in hiv infection but is also rarely seen in the course of iatrogenic immunosuppression, especially in kidney transplantation; ohl is even more rarely seen in immunocompetent hosts. lesions that clinically and histologically mimicked ohl but were not associated with ebv were recently characterized as pseudo hairy leukoplakia. we present such a case that occurred in a renal allogra ...	1994	8294586
the p53 tumor suppressor gene frequently is altered in gynecologic cancers.	mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, often accompanied by overexpression of mutant p53 protein, is the most frequent molecular genetic event described thus far in human cancers. in adenocarcinomas of the ovary and endometrium, p53 overexpression is seen in approximately 10% to 15% of early and 40% to 50% of advanced cancers. similar to many other types of human cancers, ovarian and endometrial cancers that overexpress p53 protein contain mutations in conserved regions of the p53 gene. thes ...	1994	8296829
adult rhabdomyoma. a light microscopic, ultrastructural, virologic, and immunologic analysis.	adult rhabdomyoma is a rare benign tumor of skeletal muscle origin that frequently arises from musculature of the head and neck region. in this study we report five cases of adult rhabdomyoma. light and electron microscopic examination revealed the typical cellular features as described by others. the results of immunophenotyping and quantitation of nucleolar organizer regions were consistent for a benign skeletal muscle tumor. epstein-barr virus and human papillomavirus genomic dna could not be ...	1994	8139832
a comparison of uterine cervical cytology and biopsy results: indications and outcomes for colposcopy.	there is some debate in the literature over the proper approach to the patient with a mildly abnormal cervical cytologic finding. one current approach for handling low-grade cytologic abnormalities is to perform colposcopy and biopsy if atypia, human papillomavirus (hpv) changes, or mild dysplasia is noted on cytologic examination. if a papanicolaou (pap) smear shows inflammation without atypia, the test is repeated after 3 months, and if inflammation does not clear, colposcopy is performed. thi ...	1994	8289050
human papillomavirus type 11 e2 proteins repress the homologous e6 promoter by interfering with the binding of host transcription factors to adjacent elements.	the e6 promoter of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) trophic for epithelia for the lower genital tract and the upper respiratory tract is regulated in vitro by homologous and heterologous papillomaviral e2 proteins that bind to a consensus responsive sequence (e2-rs) accn6ggt. when hpv type 11 (hpv-11) expression is examined in epithelial cell lines, the hpv-11 e2-c protein, which lacks the amino-terminal transactivating domain of the full-length e2 protein, invariably represses the homologous viral ...	1994	8289341
interaction of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 capsid proteins with hpv dna requires an intact l2 n-terminal sequence.	encapsidation of papillomavirus dna involves dna-protein and protein-protein interactions. we sought to define the role of each human papillomavirus (hpv) capsid protein in hpv dna encapsidation. hpv16 major (l1) and minor (l2) capsid proteins purified from recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells were compared for their ability to bind nucleic acids. l2 protein, but not l1 protein, could bind hpv dna. to map the dna-binding region of l2, a series of truncated or point-mutated l2 protein open r ...	1994	8289365
human cancer cell lines express a negative transcriptional regulator of the interferon regulatory factor family of dna binding proteins.	members of the interferon regulatory factor (irf) family of dna binding transcription factors have roles in growth regulation, antiviral responses, and transcriptional induction of interferon (ifn)-activated early response genes. the irf family member isgf3 gamma is the dna binding component of ifn-stimulated gene factor 3 (isgf3), a multicomponent complex responsible for the stimulation of ifn-alpha-responsive genes. ifn-alpha-stimulated formation of isgf3 and subsequent gene expression can be ...	1994	8289823
dna damage induced p53 mediated transcription is inhibited by human papillomavirus type 18 e6.	cervical cancer is similar to other human cancers in that it develops through a multistep process. however, infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is believed to be essential for the initiation of this disease. although hpv may play a central role in the early stages of neoplasia, the accumulation of mutations in an assortment of genes precedes the development of malignant cervical carcinoma. the mechanisms by which abnormalities accumulate are various, but it is possible that vi ...	1994	8290274
laser treatment of urethral condyloma: a five-year experience.	twenty cases of men treated with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (nd:yag) laser for meatal and/or urethral condyloma over five years were reviewed.	1994	8284887
tracheobronchial involvement of laryngeal papillomatosis at onset.	a case of adult onset laryngeal papillomas with tracheal and bronchial involvement present at onset is presented. the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv) dna type 6/11 is demonstrated by in situ hybridization.	1994	8163923
the absence of vaginal human papillomavirus 16 dna in women who have not experienced sexual intercourse.	to determine whether young women who have not experienced sexual intercourse may harbor genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in the vaginal-ectocervical mucosa.	1994	8164934
the state of the p53 gene in human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive and hpv-negative genital precancer lesions and carcinomas as determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is frequently associated with cervical carcinoma. inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product by binding to the hpv encoded e6 protein is considered as an important pathway for malignant progress in hpv-infected cells. in contrast, mutations of the p53 gene have been found in hpv-negative cervical carcinoma cells. to evaluate the involvement of p53 inactivation for the development of genital carcinoma, we determined the state of the p53 gene in 20 genital pre ...	1994	8166446
human papillomavirus and epstein-barr virus in the etiology of testicular germ cell tumours.	epidemiological features suggest that the risk of testicular cancer may be related to exposure to unknown infectious agents, including viruses. therefore a series of twenty specimens of testicular germ cell tumours, including preinvasive carcinoma in-situ, were tested for the presence of dna sequences of two viruses with known transforming abilities, human papillomavirus (hpv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv). the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was used. in none of the 19 successfully amp ...	1994	8166998
human papillomavirus dna in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr).	although human papillomaviruses (hpv) have been implicated strongly in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix, a few studies have suggested that hpv may be an etiological factor for adenocarcinoma of the cervix. to evaluate the association between hpv infection and cervical adenocarcinoma, we analyzed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 64 patients with adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix for the presence of hpv dna using polymer ...	1994	8188078
erythrocyte folate levels, oral contraceptive use and abnormal cervical cytology.	the initial hypothesis of this study was that folate depletion is a risk factor for human papillomavirus infection and cervical epithelial cell abnormalities, including dysplasia. the prevalences of low erythrocyte folate levels (defined as < 140 ng/ml erythrocytes and determined by the growth of lactobacillus) were measured in 250 university of california at los angeles students. among oral contraceptive users, low erythrocyte folate was a risk factor for an abnormal cytologic smear in both ben ...	1994	8191820
lack of detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) in transformed laryngeal keratoses by in situ hybridization (ish) technique.	laryngeal keratosis (lk) is a precancerous mucosal change with a variable possibility of malignant transformation. recent studies evidencing hpv-dna genomes in a large series of non-malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions suggest a role of hpv in the transformation of laryngeal lesions possibly in synergistic interaction with other carcinogens. in this study, we analyzed 115 biopsy specimens from benign laryngeal lesions to evaluate the risk of malignant transformation and its relationship to ...	1994	8203204
malignant anal tumours.	anal tumours represent 5 per cent of anorectal cancers and exist as two clinical entities: tumours of the anal canal and those of the anal margin. smoking and sexual behaviour, particularly homosexual anal intercourse, are important aetiological factors. this association is related to anal warts and human papillomavirus infection, notably type 16, which is found in around 70 per cent of warts. symptoms are non-specific and are frequently attributed to benign conditions. rectal examination reveal ...	1994	8205420
primer-directed sequencing of human papillomavirus types.		1994	8205838
epidemiology of cervical human papillomavirus infections.		1994	8205846
the absence of human papilloma virus (hpv) related parameters in sexually non-active women.	in to order to investigate the prevalence of hpv related parameters in sexually non-active women, smears of 75 virgins were microscopically reviewed for alterations caused by hpv i.e. koilocytosis, parakeratosis and multinucleinization. in none of these smears were the mentioned parameters seen together, so the diagnosis of hpv infection could not be assessed. in an age-matched control population consisting of 75 sexually active women smears were reviewed. in this group 10 smears (13%) were foun ...	1994	8206070
human papillomavirus infections of the genital region in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive women: integration of type 16 correlates with rapid progression.	the efficacy of treatment of hpv infections was evaluated in 14 hiv-1 seropositive women. disease evolution was evaluated at follow-up examinations, and findings were compared to those in 14 historic hiv-negative women who had received similar treatment. hpv sequences were demonstrated by southern blot in 13/14 hiv-positive women and by in situ hybridization in 5/13 hiv-negative women. types 6/11, 16, and 31/33/35 were equally distributed in both groups; type 18 was never detected. in all but on ...	1994	8206072
interaction of hpv e6 with p53 and associated proteins.		1994	8206279
inhibition of p53 dna binding by human papillomavirus e6 proteins.	transformation by the human papillomavirus (hpv) early gene products, e6 and e7, involves their interaction with cellular proteins p53 and rb. using glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins, we found that hpv e6 bound human p53 and that the relative efficiency of binding varied such that the gst-hpv type 16 e6 (16e6) protein bound p53 with highest affinity, followed by gst-31e6, gst-18e6, and gst-11e6. the gst-e6 fusion proteins were sufficient for binding p53 purified from a baculovirus ...	1994	8207801
three-dimensional structure of vaccinia virus-produced human papillomavirus type 1 capsids.	the capsid proteins of papillomavirus self-assemble to form empty capsids or virus-like particles that appear quite similar to naturally occurring virions by conventional electron microscopy. to characterize such virus-like particles more fully, cryoelectron microscopy and image analysis techniques were used to generate three-dimensional reconstructions of capsids produced by vaccinia virus recombinants (v capsids) that expressed human papillomavirus type 1 l1 protein only or both l1 and l2 prot ...	1994	8207824
papillomavirus genomes in human cervical carcinoma: analysis of their integration and transcriptional activity.	eighty-four biopsies derived from cervical tissues were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna types 6, 16 and 18 using southern blot hybridization. hpv 6 was found in none of the cervical biopsies, and hpv types 16 and 18 were found in 44% of them. the rate of hpv 16/18 positive samples increased proportionally to the severity of the lesion. in normal tissue there were no positive samples, in mild and moderate dysplasias hpv 16/18 was present in 20% and in severe dysplasias ...	1994	8208320
low concordance of genital human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions and viral types in hpv-infected women and their male sexual partners.	to evaluate the concordance of genital human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions and viral types in hpv-infected women and their male sexual partners.	1994	9071416
idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia and recurrent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.	cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia immunodeficiency without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been reported recently. the association between immunodeficiency and anogenital neoplasia secondary to human papillomavirus infections is well documented.	1994	9205460
human papillomavirus dna and genotypes: prognostic factors for progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	a retrospective study of 227 patients presenting with abnormal cervical cytology was conducted to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) and progression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) lesions. all patients had colposcopically directed biopsies for histologic diagnosis. the patients were followed cytologically and colposcopically for a mean of 19 months (range 6-42 months). progression of a cervical lesion was defined as progression to a higher cin ...	1994	11578388
squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina in a male pseudohermaphrodite with 5alpha-reductase deficiency.	a 50-year-old spanish male pseudohermaphrodite (karyotype 46, xy) is described, who had a squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina, figo stage iv b. he was reared as a girl and changed gender at puberty. the phenotype was typical for 5alpha-reductase deficiency, as were the laboratory findings. a radical vulvectomy and dissection of the groins revealed inadequate resection near the urethra. postoperative external irradiation was given. human papillomavirus 16 dna sequences were found in the tumor a ...	1994	11578419
p53 gene mutation is rare in human cervical carcinomas with positive hpv sequences.	chromosome 17p allelic losses and concurrent p53 mutations have been demonstrated in various human cancers. we therefore investigated the presence of chromosome 17p allelic loss and possible concurrent p53 mutation in 29 korean cases of cervical carcinoma by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-sscp) over the region from exon 4 to exon 9 of the p53 gene. we also examined the expression of p53 in paraff ...	1994	11578436
interrelationship between the expression of h-ras p21, c-myc and p53 proteins, and the infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses in japanese patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.	the presence and distribution of increased expression of h-ras p21 protein, c-myc protein and p53 protein, or of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna were investigated in 42 japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (scc) by immunohistochemical techniques using each protein antibody, and by in situ hybridization with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled dna. probes for hpv-16 and hpv-18. eighteen cases were positive with h-ras p21 antibody, but only one with c-myc protein antibod ...	1994	21607450
effect of actinomycin-d on the cell-cycle progression and the expression of p53, waf1/cip1, gadd45, and mdm-2 genes in human oral keratinocytes - implication of human papillomavirus infection.	exposure of human oral keratinocytes immortalized by transfection with 'high risk' hpv dna to chemical carcinogens converts the cells to malignant phenotype, but it does not transform normal cells. to investigate the underlying mechanism for different chemical carcinogen susceptibility of normal and the hpv-immortalized oral keratinocytes to genotoxic agent, we studied the progression of cell cycle and the expression of p53, waf1/cip1, gadd45 and mdm-2 genes in normal and in the hpv-immortalized ...	1994	21559675
current status of prostate-cancer research - development of in-vitro model systems (review).	prostate cancer is a major medical problem which is expected to affect over 200,000 us men in 1994. despite its widespread prevalence and the difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the contribution of environmental factors and the etiological mechanism of prostate cancer are poorly understood. a brief update on recent progress in cellular and molecular research of prostate cancer is provided. specific areas discussed include oncogenes (vas, myc, c-erbb-2 and bcl-2), tum ...	1994	21559703
national conference examines hiv/aids in women.	the second conference on hiv infection in women, held in washington, d.c. on february 22 to 24, offered data addressing the manifestation of hiv infection and aids progression in women, including wasting syndrome, vertical transmission, pregnancy and cd4 count, genital tract infections, cervical disease, and hpv (human papillomavirus). clinical data on hiv progression in women shows that women were one-third more likely than men to experience death as the first clinical event after study enrollm ...	1995	11362358
[prevention and treatment of dysplasia and cervical cancer].	dysplasia, an abnormal development of the cervix, can be caused by the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus. dysplasia occurs more often in women who smoke or who have nutritional deficiencies. hiv-positive women have a higher risk of developing dysplasia and cervical cancer than those who are hiv-negative. a pap smear can detect abnormal cells in the cervix. hiv-positive women are encouraged to get a pap smear each month. those with dysplasia can prevent cancerous growths through regular m ...	1995	11363211
clinical and epidemiological correlations between the infection with hpv 16 and hpv 18 and female cervical lesions.	a number of 66 specimens from female cervical lesions were examined for infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by nucleic acid hybridization in dot-blot techniques and 35 sera were tested by the immunodot-blot technique, in order to detect the presence of anti e4 and e7 hpv protein antibodies. the findings were compared with the histologic diagnosis. fifty-six per cent of specimens contained hpv dna sequences. in 47% of specimens from cervical carcinoma, hpv 11 was det ...	1995	9179967
human papillomavirus detection in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. comparison of hybrid capture assay with a polymerase chain reaction system.	the validity of human papillomavirus (hpv) detection using the hybrid capture assay (hca) was compared with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 38 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsils). hca and pcr showed 84% agreement for hpv detection. hca missed a significant higher proportion of hsil compared with pcr (21% vs. 5%; p = .04). thus, the sensitivity of hca should be increased before this test can be recommended for hsil.	1995	9407223
a high capacity assay for inhibitors of human papillomavirus dna replication.	the discovery of antiviral compounds against human papillomaviruses (hpv) has been hindered by the difficulties in culturing virus in vitro or assaying stable hpv dna replication. however, plasmids containing the hpv replication origin replicate transiently upon co-transfection with hpv e1 and e2 expression vectors. we have adapted this assay using secreted alkaline phosphatase (sap) as a reporter for rapid analysis of dna copy number. use of the sv40 early promoter in controlling sap expression ...	1995	9636294
p53 mutation, murine double minute 2 amplification, and human papillomavirus infection are frequently involved but not associated with each other in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	we examined the relationship between p53 mutation, murine double minute 2 (mdm2) gene amplification, and human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in 72 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. we identified p53 mutations in 29 tumors (40.3%) by pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. amplification of the mdm2 gene was detected by southern blot hybridization in 13 (18.1%) of 72 tumor tissues and in 4 (33.3%) of 12 cultured esophageal squamous cell lines. all four cell ...	1995	9816044
degradation of the proto-oncogene product c-fos by the ubiquitin proteolytic system in vivo and in vitro: identification and characterization of the conjugating enzymes.	the transcription factor c-fos is a short-lived cellular protein. the levels of the protein fluctuate significantly and abruptly during changing pathophysiological conditions. thus, it is clear that degradation of the protein plays an important role in its tightly regulated activity. we examined the involvement of the ubiquitin pathway in c-fos breakdown. using a mutant cell line, ts20, that harbors a thermolabile ubiquitin-activating enzyme, e1, we demonstrate that impaired function of the ubiq ...	1995	8524278
human papillomavirus type 11 e1--e4 and l1 proteins colocalize in the mouse xenograft system at multiple time points.	the most abundant viral mrna species in hpv 11-infected tissue consists of two exons, joining a segment of open reading frame (orf) e1 to orf e4, potentially encoding the e1--e4 protein. the l1 orf encodes the major capsid protein of hpv. our previous studies demonstrated colocalization of the hpv 11 e1--e4 and l1 proteins within the same cells of hpv 11-infected human foreskin implants grown in athymic mice (the mouse xenograft system) and removed 12 weeks after implantation. prior studies have ...	1995	8525625
polymerase chain reaction analysis of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cytologic smears.	we used a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to study the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in stained, archival cervical cytologic smears, where my09/my11 served as outer primers and gp5/gp6 as inner primers. it was found to give a higher positivity rate than pcr using the e1 degenerate consensus primers, where the sensitivity was decreased to 80%. it seemed optimal to use less sample dna (0.5%) for the reaction; larger volumes resulted in decreased reactivity. similarly, the prese ...	1995	8526946
carbon dioxide laser miniconization for treatment of human papillomavirus infection associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	the effect of the carbon dioxide laser miniconization for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with concomitant human papillomavirus infection was evaluated.	1995	8533568