Publications

increased membrane surface positive charge and altered membrane fluidity leads to cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance in enterococcus faecalis.	to understand the role of cell membrane phospholipids during resistance development to cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) in enterococcus faecalis, gradual dose-dependent single exposure pediocin-resistant (pedr) mutants of e. faecalis (efv2.1, efv3.1, efv3.2, efv4.1, efv4.2, efv5.1, efv5.2 and efv5.3), conferring simultaneous resistance to other camps, selected in previous study were characterized for cell membrane phospholipid head-groups and fatty acid composition. the involvement of pho ...	2015	25782727
antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid on listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus faecium, and enterococcus faecalis.	this study investigated the antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid against listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus faecium, and enterococcus faecalis. to determine the cytotoxicity of oleanolic acid, hep-2 cells were incubated with oleanolic acid at 37°c. mics (minimal inhibition concentrations) for l. monocytogenes, e. faecium, and e. faecalis were determined using two-fold microdilutions of oleanolic acid, and bacterial cell viability was then assessed by exposing the bacteria to oleanolic acid a ...	2015	25756202
β-lactams enhance daptomycin activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium in in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models.	enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are frequently resistant to vancomycin and β-lactams. in enterococcal infections with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility, combination therapy is often administered. our objective was to conduct pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) models to evaluate β-lactam synergy with daptomycin (dap) against resistant enterococci. one e. faecalis strain (r6981) and two e. faecium strains (r6370 and 8019) were evaluated. dap mics were obtained. all strains we ...	2015	25753639
fluid dynamics and biofilm removal generated by syringe-delivered and 2 ultrasonic-assisted irrigation methods: a novel experimental approach.	thorough understanding of fluid dynamics in root canal irrigation and corresponding antibiofilm capacity will support improved disinfection strategies. this study aimed to develop a standardized, simulated root canal model that allows real-time analysis of fluid/irrigation dynamics and its correlation with biofilm elimination.	2015	25749254
the effect of indomethacin and betamethasone on the cytokine response of human neonatal mononuclear cells to gram-positive bacteria.	intrauterine infections with gram-positive bacteria pose a serious threat to neonates since they can result in neonatal sepsis, induce a fetal inflammatory response and also cause preterm birth. despite intensive care, prematurity remains a leading cause of neonatal death, and is often accompanied by a number of morbidities. in order to prevent premature birth, tocolytic agents like indomethacin are administered. betamethasone is used to promote lung maturation and prevent respiratory distress s ...	2015	25743243
whole-genome mapping of 5' rna ends in bacteria by tagged sequencing: a comprehensive view in enterococcus faecalis.	enterococcus faecalis is the third cause of nosocomial infections. to obtain the first snapshot of transcriptional organizations in this bacterium, we used a modified rna-seq approach enabling to discriminate primary from processed 5' rna ends. we also validated our approach by confirming known features in escherichia coli. we mapped 559 transcription start sites (tsss) and 352 processing sites (psss) in e. faecalis. a blind motif search retrieved canonical features of siga- and sign-dependent p ...	2015	25737579
the fsr quorum-sensing system and cognate gelatinase orchestrate the expression and processing of proprotein ef_1097 into the mature antimicrobial peptide enterocin o16.	a novel antimicrobial peptide designated enterocin o16 was purified from enterococcus faecalis. mass spectrometry showed a monoisotopic mass of 7,231 da, and n-terminal edman degradation identified a 29-amino-acid sequence corresponding to residues 90 to 119 of the ef_1097 protein. bioinformatic analysis showed that enterocin o16 is composed of the 68 most c-terminal residues of the ef_1097 protein. introduction of an in-frame isogenic deletion in the ef1097 gene abolished the production of ente ...	2015	25733609
ec300: a phage-based, bacteriolysin-like protein with enhanced antibacterial activity against enterococcus faecalis.	bacteriophage lytic enzymes, either endolysins or virion-associated lysins, have been receiving considerable attention as potential antibacterial agents, particularly for the combat of antibiotic-resistant gram-positive pathogens. a conclusion that easily emerges from the careful analysis of a great number of reports on the field is that the activity of phage lytic enzymes is rarely studied in conditions that support robust growth of the target bacteria. here, we report the construction and stud ...	2015	25728445
the sfani restriction-modification system from enterococcus faecalis neb215 is located on a putative mobile genetic element.	a type iis restriction-modification (r-m) system sfani from enterococcus faecalis neb215 has been characterized. the sfanim gene was cloned by the methylase selection method. methyltransferase sfani, a protein of 695 amino acids, consists of two domains responsible for different dna-strand recognition and modification, and a putative dna-binding hth domain located in the n-terminal part of the protein. the sfanir gene, located adjacent to the gene of the cognate modification methyltransferases, ...	2015	25724535
validation of a novel rinse and filtration method for efficient processing of fresh produce samples for microbiological indicator enumeration.	several methods have been described to prepare fresh produce samples for microbiological analysis, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. the aim of this study was to compare the performance of a novel combined rinse and membrane filtration method to two alternative sample preparation methods for the quantification of indicator microorganisms from fresh produce. decontaminated cantaloupe melons and jalapeño peppers were surface inoculated with a cocktail containing 10(6) cfu/ml escheric ...	2015	25719876
rapid fluorescence-based measurement of toxicity in anaerobic digestion.	a rapid fluorescence measurement based on resazurin reduction was developed and applied for the detection of toxicants/inhibitors to anaerobic digestion metabolism. by initially using a pure facultative anaerobic strain, enterococcus faecalis as a model organism, this technique proved to be fast and sensitive when detecting the model toxicant, pentachlorophenol (pcp). the technique revealed significant metabolic changes in enterococcus faecalis with a pcp spike ranging from 0.05 to 100 mg/l, and ...	2015	25768985
could β-hemolytic, group b enterococcus faecalis be mistaken for streptococcus agalactiae?	a β-hemolytic enterococcus faecalis strain agglutinating lancefield group a, b, c, d, f, and g antisera was observed from a rectovaginal swab, in the context of antenatal screening for streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]). this is the first multi-lancefield antisera-agglutinating isolate of this species, and it raised particular concern, as it may mimic gbs, leading to false reporting and useless receipt of intrapartum antibiotics.	2015	25766004
re: enterococcus faecalis subverts and invades the host urothelium in patients with chronic urinary tract infection.		2015	25765392
bacteriological findings and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated pathogens from visual threatening ocular infections.	to study the profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria from visual threatening ocular infection.	2015	25764616
extraction, characterization and antimicrobial activity of sulfated polysaccharides from fish skins.	sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from gray triggerfish (gtsp) and smooth hound (shsp) skins. their chemical and physical characteristics were determined using x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopic analysis. the antibacterial activities of gtsp and shsp against listeria monocytogenes (atcc 43251), staphylococcus aureus (atcc 25923), enterococcus faecalis (atcc 29212), escherichia coli (atcc 25922), salmonella enterica (atcc 43972) and enterobacter sp were evaluated by determining cl ...	2015	25647621
antibiofilm efficacy evaluation of a bioelectric dressing in mono- and multi-species biofilms.	chronic infections are often related to the formation of single or polymicrobial biofilms, which lead to hard-to-treat infections, difficult wound management, and recurrent infections. in this study, we evaluated in vitro antibiofilm properties of a silver and zinc bioelectric dressing (procellera).	2015	25647504
horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance from enterococcus faecium of fermented meat origin to clinical isolates of e. faecium and enterococcus faecalis.	enterococcus species are part of the normal intestinal flora of a large number of mammals including humans and consequently, they can be used as indicators of faecal contamination in food and water for human consumption. their presence in large numbers in foods may indicate a lapse in sanitation and their ability to serve as a genetic reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance is of concern. in the present study, enterococcus spp., isolated from commercially fermented meat and human clinica ...	2015	25647243
fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteremic and low risk febrile neutropenic patients with cancer.	the low risk febrile neutropenic patients with multinational association for supportive care in cancer (mascc) score of more than 20 are recommended to be treated with fluoroquinolone-based oral treatment by the national comprehensive cancer network (nccn) guideline. this recommendation relies, at least partially, on the high sensitivity of the blood culture isolates to fluoroquinolone in clinical trials conducted in western countries. whether this also applies in middle or low income countries ...	2015	25763661
phage-mediated dispersal of biofilm and distribution of bacterial virulence genes is induced by quorum sensing.	the microbiome and the phage meta-genome within the human gut are influenced by antibiotic treatments. identifying a novel mechanism, here we demonstrate that bacteria use the universal communication molecule ai-2 to induce virulence genes and transfer them via phage release. high concentrations (i.e. 100 μm) of ai-2 promote dispersal of bacteria from already established biofilms, and is associated with release of phages capable of infecting other bacteria. enterococcus faecalis v583δabc harbour ...	2015	25706310
prevalence, resistance patterns, and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from retail chicken meat in colombia.	as a step toward implementing the colombian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance (coipars), this study aimed to establish the baseline antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella serovars, escherichia coli, and enterococcus spp. isolates in retail poultry meat from independent stores and from a main chain distributor center. mics of the isolates were determined for antimicrobials used both in humans and animals, using an automated system. salmonella serovars were isol ...	2015	25836401
anaerobic degradation of tannins in acacia nilotica pods by enterococcus faecalis in co-culture with ruminal microbiota.		2015	25833679
exploration of the mechanisms of biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis in glucose starvation environments.	enterococcus faecalis is the most common single species present in teeth after failed root canal therapy. this is mainly due to its ability to maintain viability for a long time in filled root canals where nutrients are normally sparse. the aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of e. faecalis survival and biofilm formation in glucose-starved environments.	2015	25990488
virulence factors genes in enterococci isolated from beavers (castor fiber).	only limited information exists concerning the microbiota in beaver (castor fiber). this study has been focused on the virulence factors genes detection in enterococci from beavers. in general, animals are not affected by enterococcal infections, but they can be a reservoir of, e.g. pathogenic strains. moreover, detection of virulence factors genes in enterococci from beavers was never tested before. free-living beavers (12), male and female (age 4-5 years) were caught in the north-east part of ...	2015	25300356
multiple roles for enterococcus faecalis glycosyltransferases in biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, cell envelope integrity, and conjugative transfer.	the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. a compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. there is i ...	2015	25918141
dissemination of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium in a ricotta processing plant and evaluation of pathogenic and antibiotic resistance profiles.	in this work, the sources of contamination by enterococcus spp. in a ricotta processing line were evaluated. the isolated strains were tested for virulence genes (gele, cyla,b, m, esp, agg, ace, efaa, vanb), expression of virulence factors (hemolysin and gelatinase), and the resistance to 10 different antibiotics. enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis were subjected to discriminatory identification by intergenic spacer region (its)-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the its reg ...	2015	25874819
in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy associated with hydroalcoholic extracts of schinopsis brasiliensis engl.: new therapeutic perspectives.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the photodynamic potential of extracts of schinopsis brasiliensis engl. on bacteria involved in several human infections.	2015	25866862
incidence, risk factors, microbiology of venous catheter associated bloodstream infections--a prospective study from a tertiary care hospital.	central venous catheters (cvcs) though indispensable in current medical and intensive care treatment, also puts patients at risk of catheter related infection (cri) resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. we analysed the incidence, risk factors, bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates in central venous catheter associated bloodstream infection (cvc-bsi) in the intensive care unit (icu) patients and studied the formation of biofilm in cvcs.	2015	25865976
semi-synthesis of new antimicrobial esters from the natural oleanolic and maslinic acids.	in this article, we report an effective procedure for the selective isolation of oleanolic acid 1 and maslinic acid 2 (3.4 and 8.5mg/g dw, respectively) from pomace olive (olea europaea l.) using an ultrasonic bath, and the synthesis of a series of new triterpenic acid esters. the compounds were characterized by their spectral data and were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. among the compounds tested, those having sulfur and chlorine atoms were found to be antibacterial. they showed ac ...	2015	25863603
daily variations in pathogenic bacterial populations in a monsoon influenced tropical environment.	changing climatic conditions have influenced the monsoon pattern in recent years. variations in bacterial population in one such tropical environment were observed everyday over two years and point out intra and inter annual changes driven by the intensity of rainfall. vibrio spp. were abundant during the monsoon and so were faecal coliforms. vibrio alginolyticus were negatively influenced by nitrate, whereas, silicate and rainfall positively influenced vibrio parahaemolyticus numbers. it is als ...	2015	25956443
the combination of ampicillin plus ceftaroline is synergistic against enterococcus faecalis.		2015	25953804
effect of nacl treatments on tyramine biosynthesis of enterococcus faecalis.	the effect of nacl stress (0 to 8%, wt/vol) on the growth and tyramine production in two enterococcus faecalis strains was examined during culture time. the growth of e. faecalis was inhibited by the increase in nacl concentration, but tyramine production was unaffected. tyramine accumulated rapidly during the logarithmic phase of the strains, and the final tyramine levels were approximately 800 μg/ml. relative gene expression of four genes in the tyrosine decarboxylase locus, namely, tyrrs, tyr ...	2015	25951388
cytotoxic and antibacterial angucycline- and prodigiosin-analogues from the deep-sea derived streptomyces sp. scsio 11594.	two new c-glycoside angucyclines, marangucycline a (1) and marangucycline b (2), along with three known compounds, dehydroxyaquayamycin (3), undecylprodigiosin (4) and metacycloprodigiosin (5), have been identified as products of the deep-sea sediment strain streptomyces sp. scsio 11594. new structures were elucidated on the basis of hresims, 1d and 2d nmr analyses and comparisons to previously reported datasets. compounds 2 and 4 displayed in vitro cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines a5 ...	2015	25786061
genotypic and phenotypic diversity in enterococcus faecalis: is agar invasion a pathogenicity score?	the main objective of the present study is to analyze different genotypic and phenotypic traits related to virulence in enterococcus faecalis, as well as evaluated the agar invasion phenotype in a collection of isolates with different clinical origins.	2015	25904518
competition between vanu(g) repressor and vanr(g) activator leads to rheostatic control of vang vancomycin resistance operon expression.	enterococcus faecalis bm4518 is resistant to vancomycin by synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors ending in d-alanyl-d-serine. in the chromosomal vang locus, transcription of the resistance genes from the pyg resistance promoter is inducible and, upstream from these genes, there is an unusual three-component regulatory system encoded by the vanurs(g) operon from the p(ug) regulatory promoter. in contrast to the other van operons in enterococci, the vang operon possesses the additional vanu(g) gen ...	2015	25898178
a variable dna recognition site organization establishes the liar-mediated cell envelope stress response of enterococci to daptomycin.	liar is a 'master regulator' of the cell envelope stress response in enterococci and many other gram-positive organisms. mutations to liar can lead to antibiotic resistance to a variety of antibiotics including the cyclic lipopeptide daptomycin. liar is phosphorylated in response to membrane stress to regulate downstream target operons. using dna footprinting of the regions upstream of the liaxyz and liafsr operons we show that liar binds an extended stretch of dna that extends beyond the propos ...	2015	25897118
urinary tract infections and antimicrobial sensitivity among diabetic patients at khartoum, sudan.	patients with diabetes mellitus (dm) are more susceptible to urinary tract infection (uti) than non-diabetics. due to the emergence of multidrug resistant (mdr) uropathogenic strains, the choice of antimicrobial agent is restricted. this study investigated the epidemiology of uti, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from adult diabetic patients.	2015	25896611
total and specific bacterial levels in the apical root canal system of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis.	most studies of the microbiota in root canal-treated teeth focused only on the main canal, not distinguishing regions nor incorporating the intricate anatomy in the analysis. moreover, most of them provided only prevalence data. this study was designed to evaluate the total bacterial counts and the presence, levels, and relative abundance of candidate endodontic pathogens exclusively in the apical root canal system associated with post-treatment apical periodontitis.	2015	25892512
minimizing concentration of sodium hypochlorite in root canal irrigation by combination of ultrasonic irrigation with photodynamic treatment.	concentration of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) is positively correlated with its effectiveness in root canal disinfection but negatively correlated with its biocompatibility. the objective of this in vitro study was to compare the bactericidal effects among ultrasonic irrigation with different concentration of naocl alone or together with photodynamic treatment (pdt) against enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) in infected root canals. one hundred and twenty bovine root canals contaminated with e. ...	2015	25892274
micropan: an r-package for microbial pan-genomics.	a pan-genome is defined as the set of all unique gene families found in one or more strains of a prokaryotic species. due to the extensive within-species diversity in the microbial world, the pan-genome is often many times larger than a single genome. studies of pan-genomes have become popular due to the easy access to whole-genome sequence data for prokaryotes. a pan-genome study reveals species diversity and gene families that may be of special interest, e.g because of their role in bacterial ...	2015	25888166
evaluation of residual antibacterial effect of human radicular dentin treated with triple and double antibiotic pastes.	the aim of this study was to investigate the residual antibacterial effect of human radicular dentin treated with various concentrations of triple antibiotic paste and double antibiotic paste (dap).	2015	25887806
comprehensive molecular, genomic and phenotypic analysis of a major clone of enterococcus faecalis mlst st40.	enterococcus faecalis is a multifaceted microorganism known to act as a beneficial intestinal commensal bacterium. it is also a dreaded nosocomial pathogen causing life-threatening infections in hospitalised patients. isolates of a distinct mlst type st40 represent the most frequent strain type of this species, distributed worldwide and originating from various sources (animal, human, environmental) and different conditions (colonisation/infection). since enterococci are known to be highly recom ...	2015	25887115
investigating the mobilome in clinically important lineages of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis.	the success of enterococcus faecium and e. faecalis evolving as multi-resistant nosocomial pathogens is associated with their ability to acquire and share adaptive traits, including antimicrobial resistance genes encoded by mobile genetic elements (mges). here, we investigate this mobilome in successful hospital associated genetic lineages, e. faecium sequence type (st)17 (n=10) and st78 (n=10), e. faecalis st6 (n=10) and st40 (n=10) by dna microarray analyses.	2015	25885771
genetic relatedness and risk factor analysis of ampicillin-resistant and high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococci causing bloodstream infections in tanzanian children.	while enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobials are spreading in hospitals worldwide, causing urinary tract, wound and bloodstream infections, there is little published data on these infections from africa.	2015	25884316
review and phylogenetic analysis of qac genes that reduce susceptibility to quaternary ammonium compounds in staphylococcus species.	the qac genes of staphylococcus species encode multidrug efflux pumps: membrane proteins that export toxic molecules and thus increase tolerance to a variety of compounds such as disinfecting agents, including quaternary ammonium compounds (for which they are named), intercalating dyes and some antibiotics. in stapylococcus species, six different plasmid-encoded qac efflux pumps have been described, and they belong to two major protein families. qaca and qacb are members of the major facilitator ...	2015	25883793
evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness and dentine mechanical properties after use of chemical and natural auxiliary irrigants.	to evaluate the effect of gse, naocl, chx and qmix as an antimicrobial agents against enterococcus faecalis and their influence on flexural and ultimate tensile strength of root canal dentine.	2015	25863158
erratum for la rosa et al., in vivo assessment of growth and virulence gene expression during commensal and pathogenic lifestyles of luxabcde-tagged enterococcus faecalis strains in murine gastrointestinal and intravenous infection models.		2015	25862783
ag-loaded mesoporous bioactive glasses against enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal of human teeth.	ag-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass (ag-mbg) powders were synthesized and characterized. the ions release of ag-mbgs in tris-hcl and the ph stability of simulated body fluids after immersing ag-mbgs were tested. root canals were inoculated with enterococcus faecalis for 4 weeks, and the antibacterial activity of mbgs, ag-mbgs and calcium hydroxide against e. faecalis biofilm were evaluated. results showed that ag-mbgs possessed highly ordered mesoporous structure with silver nanoparticles depos ...	2015	25748459
[analysis of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in neonatal purulent meningitis].	to study the clinical characteristics, pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotics resistance of neonatal purulent meningitis in order to provide the guide for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.	2015	25748405
molecular mechanisms of resistance to human pathogenic bacteria in caenorhabditis elegans by mev-1 mediated oxidative stress.	both mutation and knockdown in mev-1 gene render caenorhabditis elegans susceptibility to enterococcus faecalis infection. however, the mechanisms by which of mev-1 defects pathogen resistance remain unclear. here we show that mev-1rnai causes a dramatic decrease in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme expressions, thereby leading to increased e. faecalis accumulation in nematode intestine. mitochondrial superoxide change after infection induced these oxidative responses through daf-16 activi ...	2015	25747713
new antimicrobial contact catalyst killing antibiotic resistant clinical and waterborne pathogens.	microbial growth on medical and technical devices is a big health issue, particularly when microorganisms aggregate to form biofilms. moreover, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the clinical environment is dramatically growing, making treatment of bacterial infections very challenging. in search of an alternative, we studied a novel antimicrobial surface coating based on micro galvanic elements formed by silver and ruthenium with surface catalytic properties. the antimicrobial c ...	2015	25746238
the conserved modular elements of the acyl carrier proteins of lipid synthesis are only partially interchangeable.	prior work showed that expression of acyl carrier proteins (acps) of a diverse set of bacteria replaced the function of escherichia coli acp in lipid biosynthesis. however, the acpas of lactococcus lactis and enterococcus faecalis were inactive. both failed to support growth of an e. coli acpp mutant strain. this defect seemed likely because of the helix ii sequences of the two acpas, which differed markedly from those of the proteins that supported growth. to test this premise, chimeric acps we ...	2015	25861991
emergence of multidrug resistant enterococci at a tertiary care centre.	enterococci have assumed great clinical importance because of their increasing resistance to various antimicrobial agents. thus, knowledge about the antibiogram of these multidrug resistant isolates is of utmost importance in formulating an effective antibiotic policy to treat these infections and reducing the morbidity and mortality. aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance pattern of enterococci and determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance among them.	2015	25859076
urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options.	urinary tract infections (utis) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus saprophyticus. high recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. in this review, we discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crossta ...	2015	25853778
bacterial contamination in tips of electrocautery devices during total hip arthroplasty.	surgical equipment can become contaminated during surgery. it is unknown if electrocautery tips can become contaminated in clean orthopedic procedures despite the produced heat. therefore, we conducted a prospective study to address this concern. the tips from 25 primary and 25 aseptic revision thas were collected and an additional 5 sterile tips served as negative controls. aerobic and anaerobic cultures were incubated for a minimum of 3 days. there were 3 positive cultures (6%); one in primary ...	2015	25817186
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor as an antimicrobial agent to eradicate enterococcus faecalis biofilm.	successful endodontic treatment outcomes require new strategies for the complete eradication of microbial biofilms in the root canal system. matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are essential enzymes in microbial cell growth and homeostasis, and they require transition metal ion cofactors to function. targeting mmp activity also preserves dentin collagen integrity. in this study, 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), a metal chelator, was tested as a potentially novel antimicrobial agent agains ...	2015	25814242
proteomic investigation of the response of enterococcus faecalis v583 when cultivated in urine.	enterococcus faecalis is a robust bacterium, which is able to survive in and adapt to hostile environments such as the urinary tract and bladder. in this label-free quantitative proteomic study based on maxquant lfq algorithms, we identified 127 proteins present in the secretome of the clinical vancomycin-resistant isolate e. faecalis v583 and we compared proteins secreted in the initial phase of cultivation in urine with the secretome during cultivation in standard laboratory medium, 2xyt. of t ...	2015	25915650
tyrosine decarboxylase activity of enterococci grown in media with different nutritional potential: tyramine and 2-phenylethylamine accumulation and tyrdc gene expression.	the ability to accumulate tyramine and 2-phenylethylamine by two strains of enterococcus faecalis and two strains enterococcus faecium was evaluated in two cultural media added or not with tyrosine. all the enterococcal strains possessed a tyrosine decarboxylase (tyrdc) which determined tyramine accumulation in all the conditions tested, independently on the addition of high concentration of free tyrosine. enterococci differed in rate and level of biogenic amines accumulation. e. faecalis ef37 a ...	2015	25914676
antibacterial and antioxidant xanthones and benzophenone from garcinia smeathmannii.	a new prenylated xanthone, 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy-2-(3-methybut-2-enyl)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl) xanthone (1), and a new benzophenone (2), together with four known xanthone derivatives, cheffouxanthone (3), smeathxanthone a (4), smeathxanthone b (5), ananixanthone (6), and two pentacyclic triterpenes, epi-friedelinol (7) and friedelin (8), were isolated from the stem bark of garcinia smeathmannii. the structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr experiments, and ...	2015	25798641
spread of an enterococcus faecalis sequence type 6 (cc2) clone in patients undergoing selective decontamination of the digestive tract.	enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) is a common cause of nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients. the presence and dissemination of high-risk clonal complexes, such as cc2, is an ongoing problem in hospitals. the aim of this work was to characterize 24 e. faecalis isolates from icu patients undergoing selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) by phenotypical (antimicrobial susceptibility) and genotypical (presence of virulence genes, rapd-pcr and mlst) methods. our result ...	2015	25712203
clinical features and treatment of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.	the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment results of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. five patients with endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were enrolled in this study. the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and surgical outcomes of 5 patients were compared. three patients were surgically treated with anterior chamber irrigation and vitrectomy with intravitreal injection. the remaining two patients were medica ...	2015	26125869
evaluation of an indigenously prepared herbal extract (endopam) as an antimicrobial endodontic irrigant: an ex vivo study.	root canal irrigation plays a pivotal role in endodontics. constant increase in antibiotic resistance and side effects caused by synthetic irrigants has shifted the research toward developing herbal alternatives. the current study aims to assess the ex vivo effectiveness of an indigenously prepared herbal extract "endopam" and compare it with the conventional endodontic irrigants for disinfection of root canals infected with enterococcus faecalis.	2015	26124607
from (p)ppgpp to (pp)pgpp: characterization of regulatory effects of pgpp synthesized by the small alarmone synthetase of enterococcus faecalis.	the bacterial stringent response (sr) is a conserved stress tolerance mechanism that orchestrates physiological alterations to enhance cell survival. this response is mediated by the intracellular accumulation of the alarmones pppgpp and ppgpp, collectively called (p)ppgpp. in enterococcus faecalis, (p)ppgpp metabolism is carried out by the bifunctional synthetase/hydrolase e. faecalis rel (relef) and the small alarmone synthetase (sas) relqef. although rel is the main enzyme responsible for sr ...	2015	26124242
nanostructured composite material graphite/tio2 and its antibacterial activity under visible light irradiation.	the paper addresses laboratory preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of graphite/tio2 nanocomposites. composites graphite/tio2 with various ratio of tio2 nanoparticles (30wt.%, and 50wt.%) to graphite were prepared using a thermal hydrolysis of titanylsulfate in the presence of graphite particles, and subsequently dried at 80°c. x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and raman microspectroscopy served as phase-analytical methods disti ...	2015	26114221
the natural surfactant glycerol monolaurate significantly reduces development of staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis biofilms.	bacterial biofilms are involved in a large proportion of clinical infections, including device-related infections. unfortunately, biofilm-associated bacteria are typically less susceptible to antibiotics, and infected devices must often be removed. on the basis of a recent observation that lipid-rich biofilm matrix material is present in early biofilm formation and may protect a population of bacteria from interacting with ordinarily diffusible small molecules, we hypothesized that surfactants m ...	2015	26110557
[diagnosis in patients with a painful arthroplasty].	the differential diagnosis between asepting loosening or prosthetic joint infection is not always easy. tc-99m-labelled leucocyte scans, frozen section and histology can help recognise doubtful cases. we report the experience of the unit for infectious diseases and septic orthopaedics of the asl-2 liguria, italy, with a tc-99m-labelled leucocyte scan and intraoperative frozen section to choose the best therapeutic approach: one-stage or two-stage exchange or arthrodesis-arthroplastica. all cases ...	2015	26110294
rampant parasexuality evolves in a hospital pathogen during antibiotic selection.	horizontal gene transfer threatens the therapeutic success of antibiotics by facilitating the rapid dissemination of resistance alleles among bacterial species. the conjugative mobile element tn916 provides an excellent context for examining the role of adaptive parasexuality as it carries the tetracycline-resistance allele tetm and has been identified in a wide range of pathogens. we have used a combination of experimental evolution and allelic frequency measurements to gain insights into the a ...	2015	26060280
purification and characterization of a cysteine-rich 14-kda antibacterial peptide from the granular hemocytes of mangrove crab episesarma tetragonum and its antibiofilm activity.	antimicrobial peptide (amp) crustin is a type of immune molecule present in the immune system of crustaceans and response against microbial invasion. in the present study, we have identified and characterized the cationic, amphipathic structure consisting of amp crustin from a mangrove crab episesarma tetragonum using cm sepharose-based cation exchange column chromatography. e. tetragonum crustin showed a single band of 14 kda on sds-page and the homogeneity showed retention time of 8.4 min in r ...	2015	26059067
adaptation to nacl reduces the susceptibility of enterococcus faecalis to melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil.	this study investigated the hypothesis that the salt adaptation response of enterococcus faecalis alters susceptibility to tea tree oil (tto). six e. faecalis isolates were adapted to 6.5 % nacl, and then exposed to tto in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs). one isolate was also exposed to tto in brain heart infusion broth (bhib). the viability of salt-adapted and non-adapted control cells was determined at 0, 45 and 90 min and compared. mics for several antibiotics and tto were also determined by ...	2015	26159776
statins and antimicrobial effects: simvastatin as a potential drug against staphylococcus aureus biofilm.	statins are important lipid-lowering agents with other pleiotropic effects. several studies have explored a possible protective effect of statins to reduce the morbidity and mortality of many infectious diseases. staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens implicated in nosocomial infections; its ability to form biofilms makes treatment difficult. the present study observed the mic of atorvastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin against s. aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and ...	2015	26020797
the mazef toxin-antitoxin system as an attractive target in clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis.	the toxin-antitoxin (ta) system is a regulatory system where two sets of genes encode the toxin and its corresponding antitoxin. in this study, the prevalence of ta systems in independently isolated clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis was determined, the dominant ta system was identified, different virulence genes in e. faecium and e. faecalis were surveyed, the level of expression of the virulence and ta genes in normal and stress conditions was determined, and f ...	2015	26005332
overexpression of enterococcus faecalis elr operon protects from phagocytosis.	mechanisms underlying the transition from commensalism to virulence in enterococcus faecalis are not fully understood. we previously identified the enterococcal leucine-rich protein a (elra) as a virulence factor of e. faecalis. the elra gene is part of an operon that comprises four other orfs encoding putative surface proteins of unknown function.	2015	26003173
probiotic features of lactobacillus strains isolated from ragusano and pecorino siciliano cheeses.	in the present study 177 lactobacillus spp. strains, isolated from ragusano and pecorino siciliano cheeses, were in vitro screened for probiotic traits, and their characteristics were compared to those of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, commercial strain. based on acidic and bile salt resistance, thirteen lactobacillus strains were selected. the multiplex-pcr application revealed that nine strains belonged to l. rhamnosus species and four to lactobacillus paracasei species. all selected strains were ...	2015	25998823
effect of apically separated rotary instruments on bacterial leakage of obturated root canals using resilon.	the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a separated rotary instrument on the time required for bacterial penetration of obturated root canals using resilon. eighty-four extracted human maxillary premolars with single canals were used in this study. group 1 consisted of teeth obturated with gutta-percha and ah-26 sealer (n=15); group 2 consisted of teeth obturated similarly to group 1 but without a separated file; group 3 consisted of teeth obturated with resilon and epiphany sea ...	2015	25928974
genotypic variations of virulent genes in enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis isolated from three hospitals in malaysia.	the genus enterococcus is of increasing significance as a cause of nosocomial infections, and this trend is exacerbated by the development of antibiotic resistance.	2015	25923096
in vitro effectiveness of brazilian brown propolis against enterococcus faecalis.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of brazilian brown propolis as an intracanal medication against enterococcus faecalis. thirty dentin discs prepared from intact freshly extracted bovine maxillary central incisors were infected with e. faecalis for 21 days. the specimens were distributed into six groups according to the medicament used as follows: g1- calcium hydroxide paste; g2- carbowax 400 (control group); g3- 20% brown propolis paste; g4- 40% brown pro ...	2015	25992787
molecular characterization of resistance, virulence and clonality in vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis: a hospital-based study in beijing, china.	the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) in china is increasing, the molecular epidemiology of vre in china is only partly known. this study was conducted to assess the molecular characterization of resistance, virulence and clonality of 69 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vrefm) and seven vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vrefs) isolates obtained from a chinese hospital between july 2011 and july 2013. the glycopeptide resistance genes (vana and vanb) were sc ...	2015	25976380
which is the most effective disinfection method in primary root canals: conventional or newly developed ones?	the aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the-potassium-titanyl-phosphate--the ktp laser and ozone in of primary root canals.	2015	25966729
is256 abolishes gelatinase activity and biofilm formation in a mutant of the nosocomial pathogen enterococcus faecalis v583.	enterococcus faecalis is one of the most controversial species of lactic acid bacteria. some strains are used as probiotics, while others are associated with severe and life-threatening nosocomial infections. their pathogenicity depends on the acquisition of multidrug resistance and virulence factors. gelatinase, which is required in the first steps of biofilm formation, is an important virulence determinant involved in e. faecalis pathogenesis, including endocarditis and peritonitis. the gene t ...	2015	25966618
improved antibacterial phototoxicity of a neutral porphyrin in natural deep eutectic solvents.	neutral porphyrins for antibacterial photodynamic therapy (apdt) have received little attention due to their tendency to aggregate in aqueous media and reports of low phototoxic effect. these compounds may be less toxic to cells than positively and negatively charged photosensitisers. the preparation of highly bacterial phototoxic formulations of neutral porphyrins remains an open field of research with great potential if achievable. the purpose of this study was to develop novel hydrophilic for ...	2015	25966307
polyamine derivatives of betulinic acid and β-sitosterol: a comparative investigation.	β-sitosterol and betulinic acid were used in designing their conjugates with selected polyamines bearing either an amide bond, or an ester and an amide bond simultaneously in the target molecule. the synthesized compounds were subjected to basic cytotoxic and antimicrobial tests. the synthetic protocol is described separately for each of the three series of the target amides, because each series of compounds required a different synthetic approach. the cytotoxicity was tested on cells derived fr ...	2015	25963549
synthesis and evaluation of cationic norbornanes as peptidomimetic antibacterial agents.	a series of structurally amphiphilic biscationic norbornanes have been synthesised as rigidified, low molecular weight peptidomimetics of cationic antimicrobial peptides. a variety of charged hydrophilic functionalities were attached to the norbornane scaffold including aminium, guanidinium, imidazolium and pyridinium moieties. additionally, a range of hydrophobic groups of differing sizes were incorporated through an acetal linkage. the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity agains ...	2015	25958967
an antibacterial ortho-quinone diterpenoid and its derivatives from caryopteris mongolica.	to identify antibacterial components in traditional mongolian medicinal plant caryopteris mongolica, an ortho-quinone abietane caryopteron a (1) and three its derivatives caryopteron b-d (2-4) were isolated from the roots of the plant together with three known abietanes demethylcryptojaponol (5), 6α-hydroxydemethyl cryptojaponol (6), and 14-deoxycoleon u (7). the chemical structures of these abietane derivatives were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. compounds 1-4 had c-13 methylcyc ...	2015	25958242
antibacterial properties associated with chitosan nanoparticle treatment on root dentin and 2 types of endodontic sealers.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of carboxymethyl chitosan (cmcs) and chitosan nanoparticles (cnps) to inactivate bacteria and prevent biofilm formation at sealer-dentin interfaces.	2015	25958178
the effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine irrigants on the antibacterial activities of alkaline media against enterococcus faecalis.	sodium hypochlorite (naocl), chlorhexidine (chx) and calcium hydroxide are common intracanal medicaments. the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of naocl and chx on the antibacterial activities of alkaline media against enterococcus faecalis.	2015	25956995
small hospitals matter: insights from the emergence and spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 2 public hospitals in inner brazil.	although vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are reported in brazil since 1996, data on their impact over settings of different complexity are scarce. we performed a study aimed at identifying determinants of vre emergence and spread in a public hospital consortium (comprising 2 hospitals, with 318 and 57 beds) in inner brazil. molecular typing and case-control studies (addressing predictors of acquisition or clonality) were performed. among 122 authocthonous isolates, 106 were enterococcus f ...	2015	25956931
iatrogenic aortic insufficiency following mitral valve replacement: case report and review of the literature.	we report a 28-year-old white female who suffered significant aortic insufficiency (ai) following mitral valve (mv) replacement for endocarditis. the patient had history of rheumatoid arthritis and presented to our emergency department with a 3-month history of dyspnea, orthopnea, fevers and weight loss, worsening over 2 weeks, for which she took intermittent acetaminophen. on admission, vital signs revealed blood pressure of 99/70 mm hg, heart rate of 120 beats/minute, and temperature of 98.8 ° ...	2015	25883714
antibacterial and cytotoxic activity from the extract and fractions of a marine derived bacterium from the streptomyces genus.	marine natural products are a rich source of potent, selective, and structurally novel compounds. marine bacteria are considered the most promising source of biologically active compounds which can be applied to treat a wide range of diseases.	2015	25880141
tricuspid valve endocarditis complicated by mobitz type ii heart block - a case report and literature review.	we present a case of a middle-aged male who manifested with low-grade fever and lower back pain. mri and bone scan of the spine were suggestive of vertebral osteomyelitis. blood cultures were persistently positive for enterococcus faecalis and echocardiogram revealed tricuspid valve endocarditis. there was no history of iv drug use and urine toxicology was negative. ekg showed mobitz type ii av block and a transesophageal echocardiogram revealed no valve ring or septal abscesses. the heart block ...	2015	26653699
deletion of liar reverses daptomycin resistance in enterococcus faecium independent of the genetic background.	we have shown previously that changes in liafsr, a three-component regulatory system predicted to orchestrate the cell membrane stress response, are important mediators of daptomycin (dap) resistance in enterococci. indeed, deletion of the gene encoding the response regulator liar in a clinical strain of enterococcus faecalis reversed dap resistance (dap-r) and produced a strain hypersusceptible to antimicrobial peptides. since liafsr is conserved in enterococcus faecium, we investigated the rol ...	2015	26369959
chemical compositions and aroma evaluation of volatile oil from the industrial cultivation medium of enterococcus faecalis.	enterococcus faecalis is one of the major lactic acid bacterium (lab) species colonizing the intestines of animals and humans. the characteristic odor of the volatile oils obtained from both the liquid medium after incubation (mai) and liquid medium before incubation (mbi) in the cultivation process of e. faecalis was investigated to determine the utility of the liquid medium. in total, fifty-six and thirty-two compounds were detected in the volatile oils from the mai (mai oil) and mbi (mbi oil) ...	2015	26369592
inhibitory effect of gels loaded with a low concentration of antibiotics against biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis and porphyromonas gingivalis.	we explored longitudinally the inhibitory effect of gels loaded with 1 mg/ml modified triple antibiotic paste (mtap) or double antibiotic paste (dap) against biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis and porphyromonas gingivalis. methylcellulose-based antibiotic gels of mtap (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and clindamycin) and dap (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. individually cultured e. faecalis and p. gingivalis bacterial suspensions were treated wi ...	2015	26369485
erratum to: investigating the mobilome in clinically important lineages of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis.		2015	26369411
the effects of indoor and outdoor dust exposure on the growth, sensitivity to oxidative-stress, and biofilm production of three opportunistic bacterial pathogens.	within the last decade, many studies have highlighted the radical changes in the components of indoor and outdoor dust. for example, agents like automobile emitted platinum group elements and different kinds of organic phthalates and esters have been reported to be accumulating in the biosphere. humans consistently face dermal, respiratory, and dietary exposures to these particles while indoors and outdoors. in fact, dust particulate matter has been associated with close to 500,000 deaths per ye ...	2015	26363607
purple urine bag syndrome in two elderly men with urinary tract infection.	purple urine bag syndrome is a rare condition in which purple discoloration of urine inside its collection bag occurs. we describe two illustrative cases. the first patient is an 81-year-old man who was hospitalized for a newly diagnosed lymphoma with acute obstructive renal failure for which a nephrostomy procedure was performed. during the hospitalization, a sudden purple discoloration of the suprapubic catheter urine was noted, while the nephrostomy urine had a normal color. urine culture fro ...	2015	26351597
the fibronectin-binding protein efba contributes to pathogenesis and protects against infective endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis.	efba is a pava-like fibronectin adhesin of enterococcus faecalis previously shown to be important in experimental urinary tract infection. here, we expressed and purified the e. faecalis og1rf efba and confirmed that this protein binds with high affinity to immobilized fibronectin, collagen i, and collagen v. we constructed an efba deletion mutant and demonstrated that its virulence was significantly attenuated (p < 0.0006) versus the wild type in a mixed inoculum rat endocarditis model. further ...	2015	26351286
enterococcus faecalis-related prostatitis successfully treated with moxifloxacin.		2015	26349832
structure-activity relationship of the aminomethylcyclines and the discovery of omadacycline.	a series of novel tetracycline derivatives were synthesized with the goal of creating new antibiotics that would be unaffected by the known tetracycline resistance mechanisms. new c-9-position derivatives of minocycline (the aminomethylcyclines [amcs]) were tested for in vitro activity against gram-positive strains containing known tetracycline resistance mechanisms of ribosomal protection (tet m in staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae) and efflux (tet k in ...	2015	26349824
antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor gene profiles of enterococcus spp. isolates from wild arctocephalus australis (south american fur seal) and arctocephalus tropicalis (subantarctic fur seal).	enterococci are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts in humans and animals. epidemiological data suggest that enterococci are important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant genes that may be transmitted from other bacterial species the aim of this study was to investigate the species composition, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in enterococci recovered from fecal samples of wild arctocephalus australis and a. tropicalis found dead along the south coast of brazil. from ...	2015	26347323
antimicrobial effect against different bacterial strains and bacterial adaptation to essential oils used as feed additives.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of the essential oils derived from origanum vulgare (oregano), melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), cinnamomum cassia (cassia), and thymus vulgaris (white thyme) against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis. the study also investigated the ability of these different bacterial strains to develop adapt ...	2015	26424908
antimicrobial activity and ph of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles intracanal medication and association with chlorhexidine.	to evaluate ph and antibacterial activity of pastes with calcium hydroxide [ca(oh)2] and zinc oxide (zno) microparticles (micro) or nanoparticles (nano) and association with 0.4% chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis.	2015	26423497