Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of salmonella and shigella strains isolated from children in gaza, palestine from 1999 to 2006. | diarrhea and acute gastroenteritis are among the leading causes of illnesses and death in infants and children throughout the world, especially in developing countries, globally, salmonella and shigella remain the major contributors to acute enteric infections and diarrhea. | 2008 | 17854424 |
| drastic decrease of salmonella enteritidis isolated from humans in belgium in 2005, shift in phage types and influence on foodborne outbreaks. | in belgium, non-typhoidal salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are the two most frequently reported foodborne illnesses. during 2005, a 71% decrease of salmonella enteritidis infections compared with the average annual number cases in the period 2000-2004 was recorded by the belgian national reference centre for salmonella and shigella. after the peak of 1999, the total number of salmonellosis cases decreased gradually, with the exception of 2003 when an increase was again recorded due to the ri ... | 2008 | 17645812 |
| part ii. analysis of data gaps pertaining to shigella infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984-2005. | the global incidence of shigella infection has been estimated at 80-165 million episodes annually, with 99% of episodes occurring in the developing world. to identify contemporary gaps in the understanding of the global epidemiology of shigellosis, we conducted a review of the english-language scientific literature from 1984 to 2005, restricting the search to low and medium human development countries. our review yielded 11 population-based studies of shigella burden from seven countries. no pop ... | 2008 | 17686195 |
| risk areas and neighborhood-level risk factors for shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri. | annually, there are 165 million cases of shigellosis resulting in 1.1 million deaths in the developing world. two species of the causative agent, shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri, are responsible for acute diarrheal illness. vaccines are being developed against both but many questions remain about the disease burden, distribution of species in space and time, and community-level risk factors. this study answers two questions. what are the differences in neighborhood-level risk factor ... | 2008 | 17602851 |
| detection of the causative agent of furunculusis, aeromonas salmonicida in salmonids of the krka river. | in this paper we describe the bacterial community associated with salmonids from the krka river. diversity analysis demonstrated that majority of the recovered bacteria were related to aeromonadaceae group. bacterial analysis also revealed the presence of shigella spp. and pseudomonas fluorescens. isolation of aeromonas salmonicida from trout, presents first isolation of this bacteria croatian rivers. | 2008 | 17624808 |
| emerging resistance to newer antimicrobial agents among shigella isolated from finnish foreign travellers. | in finland, most cases of shigellosis are related to travel abroad. antimicrobial drug resistance of 1814 shigella strains isolated from finnish patients during 1990-2005 was studied using discs of 12 antimicrobial agents. since 2000, the e-test has been performed to determine ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations of nalidixic acid-resistant isolates. the proportion of multi-resistant strains (resistant to >or =4 antimicrobials) was highest among isolates from china and india, but is i ... | 2008 | 17578602 |
| bacterial reduction of selenate to elemental selenium utilizing molasses as a carbon source. | selecting an inexpensive and effective organic carbon source is the key to reducing the cost in selenium (se) remediation. five bacteria were screened based on their ability in using molasses as an organic carbon source to reduce selenate [se(vi)] in drainage water. efficiency of se removal differed in the molasses-added drainage water containing different bacteria, with an order of enterobacter taylorae>pantoea sp. sss2>klebsiella sp. wrs2>citerobacter freundii>shigella sp. dw2. by using e. tay ... | 2008 | 17512724 |
| the use of clinical profiles in the investigation of foodborne outbreaks in restaurants: united states, 1982-1997. | improving the efficiency of outbreak investigation in restaurants is critical to reducing outbreak-associated illness and improving prevention strategies. because clinical characteristics of outbreaks are usually available before results of laboratory testing, we examined their use for determining contributing factors in outbreaks caused by restaurants. all confirmed foodborne outbreaks reported to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) from 1982 to 1997 were reviewed. clinical pro ... | 2008 | 17335632 |
| international foodborne outbreak of shigella sonnei infection in airline passengers. | during 22-24 august 2004, an outbreak of shigella sonnei infection affected air travellers who departed from hawaii. forty-seven passengers with culture-confirmed shigellosis and 116 probable cases who travelled on 12 flights dispersed to japan, australia, 22 us states, and american samoa. all flights were served by one caterer. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of all 29 s. sonnei isolates yielded patterns that matched within one band. food histories and menu reviews identified raw carrot served ... | 2009 | 18177516 |
| physicochemical, nutritional and antibacterial characteristics of the fruit of bromelia pinguin l. | bromelia pinguin l. is a plant native to sinaloa, mexico, where its fruit is used as food or as a phytotherapeutic agent. the fruits of b. pinguin were characterized and they could be considered as a functional food. these fruits show an average weight of 13.7 g and a yellow color of high luminosity (b* = 43.2, l* = 74.5). the values for acidity (4.6%, as citric acid) and ph (3.7) of b. pinguin fruit are similar to those of citrics. the edible portion is characterized by a high content of vitami ... | 2009 | 19536651 |
| a similarity in the o-acetylation pattern of the o-antigens of shigellaflexneri types 1a, 1b, and 2a. | shigella flexneri type 2a is the first, and type 1b is the second, most prevalent isolates from patients with shigellosis in russia. the o-specific polysaccharides (opss, o-antigens) of s. flexneri types 1-5 possess a common -->2)-alpha-l-rhapiii-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhapii-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhapi-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1--> backbone and differ from each other in its glucosylation or/and o-acetylation at various positions, the modifications being responsible for various o-factors. it was suggested tha ... | 2009 | 19246033 |
| rapid emergence of third generation cephalosporin resistant shigella spp. in southern vietnam. | 2009 | 19141753 | |
| giardia duodenalis assemblages associated with diarrhea in children in south india identified by pcr-rflp. | giardial diarrhea in a birth cohort of 452 children in an urban slum in south india was characterized. of the 155 episodes that occurred in 99 children, 73% were acute diarrhea. children with better educated mothers and a toilet at home had lower odds of acquiring giardial diarrhea, whereas low socioeconomic status and drinking municipal water were associated with greater risk. children with co-infections tended to have a slightly longer duration of diarrhea (p = 0.061) and showed significantly ... | 2009 | 19141832 |
| improvement in detection of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in patients with travelers' diarrhea by increasing the number of e. coli colonies tested. | no cause of one-third of travelers' diarrhea (td) cases can be detected despite microbiologic assessment. we propose that these pathogen-negative td cases include undetected enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). as a standard in diagnostic microbiology, samples of five e. coli colonies were tested to detect etec from stool cultures. we compared the sensitivities and the number of etec detected by 20 colonies with those of 5, 10, and 15 colonies. the percent detection of etec with five e. coli ... | 2009 | 19141833 |
| septins regulate bacterial entry into host cells. | septins are conserved gtpases that form filaments and are required in many organisms for several processes including cytokinesis. we previously identified sept9 associated with phagosomes containing latex beads coated with the listeria surface protein inlb. | 2009 | 19145258 |
| etiology of acute gastroenteritis in three sentinel general practices, austria 2007. | we studied the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in a village with a total population of approximately 6,000. this is the first study in austria that has investigated a broad range of pathogens recovered from an unselected population of patients who had consulted general practitioners because of gastroenteritis. | 2009 | 19148576 |
| study on induction of apoptosis on hela and vero cells by recombinant shiga toxin and its subunits. | verotoxin (vt) or shiga toxin (stx) produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and shigella dysenteriae is ab5 holotoxin with potent protein synthesis inhibitor. vt can induce both apoptosis and necrosis depending on the cell type, it has been shown that vt-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity are distinct processes, and the a subunit can be necessary for apoptosis. in other words, the precise role of each subunit in apoptosis signaling has yet to be established. in this study, inductio ... | 2009 | 19669659 |
| bacterial jailbreak sounds cellular alarm: phagosome membrane remnants trigger signaling. | shigella flexneri and other invasive bacteria rupture the phagosome membrane and escape to the host cytoplasm. now, dupont et al. address the fate and signaling functions of pathogen vacuole remnants and show that these membrane fragments trigger host-cell-signaling responses, including polyubiquitination, autophagy, and pyroptosis. | 2009 | 19683675 |
| shigella phagocytic vacuolar membrane remnants participate in the cellular response to pathogen invasion and are regulated by autophagy. | intracellular pathogens like shigella flexneri enter host cells by phagocytosis. once inside, the pathogen breaks the vacuolar membrane for cytosolic access. the fate and function of the vacuolar membrane remnants are not clear. examining shigella-infected nonmyeloid cells, we observed that proteins associated with vacuolar membrane remnants are polyubiquinated, recruit the autophagy marker lc3 and adaptor p62, and are targeted to autophagic degradation. further, inflammasome components and casp ... | 2009 | 19683680 |
| a genome-scale proteomic screen identifies a role for dnak in chaperoning of polar autotransporters in shigella. | autotransporters are outer membrane proteins that are widely distributed among gram-negative bacteria. like other autotransporters, the shigella autotransporter icsa, which is required for actin assembly during infection, is secreted at the bacterial pole. in the bacterial cytoplasm, icsa localizes to poles and potential cell division sites independent of the cell division protein ftsz. to identify bacterial proteins involved in the targeting of icsa to the pole in the bacterial cytoplasm, we sc ... | 2009 | 19684128 |
| protective role of mouse mbl-c on intestinal mucosa during shigella flexneri invasion. | mannan-binding lectin (mbl) is a c-type serum lectin, which is believed to play an important role in the innate immunity against a variety of pathogens. mbl can bind to sugar determinants of a wide variety of microorganisms, neutralize them and inhibit infection by complement activation through the lectin pathway and opsonization by collectin receptors. given that small intestine is a predominant site of extrahepatic expression of mbl, here we addressed the question whether mbl is involved in mu ... | 2009 | 19684159 |
| review article: anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of saccharomyces boulardii. | saccharomyces boulardii, a well-studied probiotic, can be effective in inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases with diverse pathophysiology, such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), and bacterially mediated or enterotoxin-mediated diarrhoea and inflammation. | 2009 | 19706150 |
| increasing resistance to nalidixic acid in shigella subgroups in a comparative study between 2001-2003 and 2004-2006. | the shigella spp. is an organism with an ongoing changing resistance pattern to different antibiotics, thus making its appropriate treatment difficult. nalidixic acid has been one of the most common agents used for the treatment of shigellosis. recently, some studies have reported an emerging resistance to this agent. | 2009 | 19710978 |
| a novel glucosyltransferase involved in o-antigen modification of shigella flexneri serotype 1c. | the o antigen of serotype 1c differs from the unmodified o antigen of serotype y by the addition of a disaccharide (two glucosyl groups) to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit. it was shown here that addition of the first glucosyl group is mediated by the previously characterized gtri cluster, which is found within a cryptic prophage at the proa locus in the bacterial chromosome. transposon mutagenesis was performed to disrupt the gene responsible for addition of the second glucosyl group, causin ... | 2009 | 19717593 |
| multiplexed bead-based mesofluidic system for detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. | in the present study, a simple and rapid multiplexed bead-based mesofluidic system (bms) was developed for simultaneous detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, enterobacter sakazakii, shigella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and campylobacter jejuni. this system is based on utilization of isothiocyanate-modified microbeads that are 250 mum in diameter, which were immobilized with specific amino-modified ... | 2009 | 19717622 |
| when shigella tells the cell to hang on. | ospe, a shigella type iii effector binds to integrin-like kinase and enhances cell adhesion to better disseminate and colonize the intestinal epithelium. because of the existence of ospe orthologues in other enteropathogens such as enteropathogenic escherichia coli or salmonella sp., maintenance of cell adhesion appears as a widespread strategy for bacteria that interact with the intestinal epithelium. | 2009 | 19720630 |
| assessment of cell surface properties and adhesion potential of selected probiotic strains. | to evaluate the physicochemical cell surface and adhesive properties of selected probiotic strains for human use. | 2009 | 19725886 |
| comparison of the entericbio multiplex pcr system with routine culture for detection of bacterial enteric pathogens. | the entericbio system uses a multiplex pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of campylobacter spp., salmonella enterica, shigella spp., and escherichia coli o157 from feces. it combines overnight broth enrichment with pcr amplification and detection by hybridization. an evaluation of this system was conducted by comparing the results obtained with the system with those obtained by routine culture, supplemented with alternative pcr detection methods. in a study of 773 samples, routine culture ... | 2009 | 19726596 |
| magnitude of drug resistant shigellosis: a report from bangalore. | shigella is an important cause of acute invasive diarrhea in children and others. antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella spp. isolated from diarrhoeal/ dysenteric patients in bangalore was studied in our hospital from january 2002 to december 2007. one hundred and thirty-four isolates were identified as shigella species. s. flexneri, s. sonnei , s. boydii and s. dysenteriae were accounted respectively for 64.9%, 21.6%, 8.2% and 3.7% of the total number of shigella isolated. of these 56 (41.8%) ... | 2009 | 19736408 |
| transmission risk factors and treatment of pediatric shigellosis during a large daycare center-associated outbreak of multidrug resistant shigella sonnei: implications for the management of shigellosis outbreaks among children. | shigellosis outbreaks in daycare centers result in substantial disease and economic burdens in the united states. the emergence of multidrug resistant shigella strains raises questions regarding control of transmission within daycare centers and treatment for children. from may to october 2005, 639 shigella sonnei cases were reported in northwest missouri, mostly among persons exposed to daycare centers. | 2009 | 19738503 |
| high-affinity inhibitors of trna-guanine transglycosylase replacing the function of a structural water cluster. | the trna-modifying enzyme trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is essential for the pathogenic mechanism of shigella flexneri, the causing agent of the bacterial diarrheal disease shigellosis. herein, the synthesis of a new class of rationally designed 6-amino-imidazo[4,5-g]quinazolin-8(7h)-one- (lin-benzoguanine) based inhibitors of tgt are reported. in order to accommodate a small hydrophobic crevice opening near the binding site of ribose-34, 2-aminoethyl substituents were introduced in positi ... | 2009 | 19746363 |
| analysis of a temporal cluster of shigella boydii isolates in mpumalanga, south africa, november to december 2007. | shigellosis is a global human health problem. the disease is most prevalent in developing countries with poor access to safe potable water and sanitation. shigella boydii is of particular epidemiological importance in developing nations such as african and asian countries. in the present study, we report on the analysis of a temporal cluster of 29 s. boydii serotype 2 strains, isolated in the mpumalanga province of south africa (sa) over the period of november to december 2007. | 2009 | 19749451 |
| bcl-2 regulates the onset of shiga toxin 1-induced apoptosis in thp-1 cells. | shiga toxins (stxs), which are proteins expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and some serotypes of escherichia coli, are potent protein synthesis inhibitors. stx-producing organisms cause bloody diarrhea with the potential to progress to acute renal failure and central nervous system complications. studies using animal models of these diseases have shown that stxs are major virulence factors, and purified toxins have been shown to be capable of killing many types of ... | 2009 | 19752028 |
| isolation of salmonella and shigella from fish harvested from the winam gulf of lake victoria, kenya. | human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish are quite common. the aim of this study was to isolate enteric pathogenic bacteria from fish that might be transmitted to humans after the handling or consumption of such fish. | 2009 | 19755738 |
| molecular characterization of esbl-producing shigella sonnei isolates from patients with bacilliary dysentery in lebanon. | emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in shigella species imparting resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is a growing concern worldwide. the aim of this study is to molecularly characterize the newly emerging beta-lactam resistant shigella sonnei, specifically esbls in lebanon, and compare them to beta-lactam sensitive isolates. | 2009 | 19759494 |
| effect of iron on cytolysin a expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | previously, a novel protein clya (cytolysin a) has been identified in escherichia coli k-12, salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a and shigella. salmonella spp. synthesize substantial amounts of clya upon infection of the human host, although the mechanism by which clya is induced in vivo is unclear. since environmental signals could control the expression of virulence determinants, clya expression in s. typhi ty2 was tested by western blotting in the presence of normal pooled human ... | 2009 | 19763423 |
| purification and characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane protein of shigella flexneri 2a. | in the present study we purified 34 kda major outer membrane protein (momp) of shigella flexneri 2a for the first time, which was cross-reactive and antigenically conserved among shigella spp. and the epitope was surface exposed on the intact bacterium. the purified antigen was found to be glycosylated, which aids in binding to macrophages and up-regulated the production of nitric oxide, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and il-12p70, indicating that the momp is immunogenic and has the abili ... | 2009 | 19660587 |
| screening, purification, and identification of the enzyme producing n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester. | screening was carried out for microorganisms able to produce n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester [apm] from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride. of the 422 strains examined, 44 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae were found to produce apm. the enzyme catalyzing apm production was purified and identified as dipeptidase e. | 2009 | 19664550 |
| oxidative and antibacterial activity of mn3o4. | mn(3)o(4) nanoparticles with diameter ca. 10nm were synthesized by the forced hydrolysis of mn(ii) acetate at 80 degrees c. the x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infra red (ft-ir) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray (edx) techniques were employed to study structural features and chemical composition of the nanoparticles. the unique oxidative activity of the mn(3)o(4) nanoparticles was demonstrated in the polymerization and dye degradation reactio ... | 2009 | 19733434 |
| microwave assisted, one-pot synthesis of 5-nitro- 2-aryl substituted-1h-benzimidazole libraries: screening in vitro for antimicrobial activity. | the efficient and rapid synthesis of 5-nitro-2-aryl substituted-1h-benzimidazole libraries (1a-1j) has been established. thus, both microwave and conventional cyclo-condensation of 4-nitro ortho-phenylenediamine with various phenoxyacetic acids were carried out in the presence of hcl catalyst. the microwave synthesis route afforded advantages, such as good to excellent yields, shorter reaction time (2.5-3.5 min), readily available starting material, and simple purification procedure, which disti ... | 2009 | 19772484 |
| peptide sequences identified by phage display are immunodominant functional motifs of pet and pic serine proteases secreted by escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. | plasmid-encoded toxin (pet) and protein involved in colonization (pic), are serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) secreted by enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec), which display the gdsgsg sequence or the serine motif. our research was directed to localize functional sites in both proteins using the phage display method. from a 12mer linear and a 7mer cysteine-constrained (c7c) libraries displayed on the m13 phage piii protein we selected different mimotopes using ... | 2009 | 19772881 |
| the pathogenic properties of a novel and conserved gene product, kerv, in proteobacteria. | identification of novel virulence factors is essential for understanding bacterial pathogenesis and designing antibacterial strategies. in this study, we uncover such a factor, termed kerv, in proteobacteria. experiments carried out in a variety of eukaryotic host infection models revealed that the virulence of a pseudomonas aeruginosa kerv null mutant was compromised when it interacted with amoebae, plants, flies, and mice. bioinformatics analyses indicated that kerv is a hypothetical methyltra ... | 2009 | 19779606 |
| genome sequences of escherichia coli b strains rel606 and bl21(de3). | escherichia coli k-12 and b have been the subjects of classical experiments from which much of our understanding of molecular genetics has emerged. we present here complete genome sequences of two e. coli b strains, rel606, used in a long-term evolution experiment, and bl21(de3), widely used to express recombinant proteins. the two genomes differ in length by 72,304 bp and have 426 single base pair differences, a seemingly large difference for laboratory strains having a common ancestor within t ... | 2009 | 19786035 |
| antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens in central africa: a review of the published literature between 1955 and 2008. | a systematic review of the published literature on bacterial resistance in central africa between 1955 and 2008 was performed. eighty-three publications from seven countries were retrieved, the majority presenting data on enteric and other gram-negative pathogens. despite methodological limitations in many studies, alarming resistance rates are noted in nearly all pathogens. of special concern are multidrug resistance in shigella and salmonella spp. and the emergence of meticillin-resistant stap ... | 2009 | 19540725 |
| hospital-based surveillance of enteric parasites in kolkata. | diarrhoea is the second leading cause of illness and death in developing countries and the second commonest cause of death due to infectious diseases among children under five in such countries. parasites, as well as bacterial and viral pathogens, are important causes of diarrhoea. however, parasitic infections are sometimes overlooked, leading after a period of time to an uncertain aetiology. in this paper we report the prevalence of giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica and cryptosporidium sp ... | 2009 | 19545355 |
| effects of reduction products of ortho-hydroxyl substituted azo dyes on biodecolorization of azo dyes. | the mediated effects of reduction products of some ortho-hydroxyl substituted azo dyes on biodecolorization were investigated. the results indicated that the addition of reduction products could effectively accelerate dye decolorization by shigella sp. qrz-1. the best accelerating effect was obtained with the addition of reduction products of acid red 14 (ar14), resulting in an over 3-fold increase in decolorization efficiency of many azo dyes. in sequencing batch reactor experiments, the accele ... | 2009 | 19545943 |
| nitric oxide production in acute gastroenteritis in indian children. | this study compared nitric oxide (no) levels in 110 children with, and 110 children without, infectious gastroenteritis. post-infection intestinal function was assessed in a subset. at least one pathogen was identified in 47.2% of cases. the most common diarrhoeal pathogens were rotavirus (22.7%) and norovirus genogroup ii (11.8%). the levels of no measured by median urinary nitrite:creatinine ratio were significantly higher in children with diarrhoea [23.6; interquartile range (iqr) 12.3-46.7] ... | 2009 | 19552932 |
| evaluation of antibacterial activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of thespesia populnea flower extracts. | flavonoids which were reported as having many pharmacological activities, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, chemoprevention activities and they possess strong antiproliferative effects related to inhibition of cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction. on the basis of this thespesia populnea (l.) sol. ex correa (family-malvaceae) was selected and it is having the major composition of flavonoids and the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of thespesia populnea flowers was inves ... | 2009 | 19553175 |
| imported fresh sugar peas as suspected source of an outbreak of shigella sonnei in denmark, april-may 2009. | we report on an outbreak of shigella sonnei infections involving ten cases notified through the laboratory surveillance system in denmark in april and may. the likely source was consumption of fresh, raw sugar peas (sugar snaps) imported from africa. this conclusion was based on interviews with cases and on the occurrence of a similar outbreak one month later in norway. fresh imported produce may occasionally be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria even when sold as ready-to-eat. | 2009 | 19555602 |
| shigella sonnei infections in norway associated with sugar peas, may-june 2009. | in may 2009, the norwegian institute of public health (niph) identified a possible outbreak of shigella sonnei infection involving four cases. additionally, five suspected cases in two separate households were reported. inspectors from the norwegian food safety authority (nfsa) visited the two households and found an unopened package of sugar peas imported from kenya in one of the households. one sample from the sugar peas was positive for shigella sonnei by two pcr methods. based on this result ... | 2009 | 19555603 |
| the cellular level of o-antigen polymerase wzy determines chain length regulation by wzzb and wzzphs-2 in shigella flexneri 2a. | the lipopolysaccharide o antigen of shigella flexneri 2a has two preferred chain lengths, a short (s-oag) composed of an average of 17 repeated units and a very long (vl-oag) of about 90 repeated units. these chain length distributions are controlled by the chromosomally encoded wzzb and the plasmid-encoded wzz(phs-2) proteins, respectively. in this study, genes wzzb, wzz(phs-2) and wzy (encoding the o-antigen polymerase) were cloned under the control of arabinose- and rhamnose-inducible promote ... | 2009 | 19556292 |
| rational design and immunogenicity of liposome-based diepitope constructs: application to synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the shigella flexneri 2a o-antigen. | we have designed chemically defined diepitope constructs consisting of liposomes displaying at their surface synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the o-antigen of the shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (b-cell epitope) and influenza hemagglutinin peptide ha 307-319 (th epitope). using well controlled and high-yielding covalent bioconjugation reactions, the two structurally independent epitopes were coupled to the lipopeptide pam(3)cag, i.e. a tlr2 ligand known for its adjuvant properties, a ... | 2009 | 19559116 |
| a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of lactobacillus gg in infantile diarrhea. | in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 229 infants hospitalized for acute diarrhea in rural india were given a 10-day course of lactobacillus rhammosus gg (minimum dose, 10 degrees bacteria) or placebo. there was no difference in groups in the duration of diarrhea or numbers of stool on days 3, 6, or 10 of treatment. | 2009 | 19559297 |
| comparison of two label-free global quantitation methods, apex and 2d gel electrophoresis, applied to the shigella dysenteriae proteome. | the in vitro stationary phase proteome of the human pathogen shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) was quantitatively analyzed in coomassie blue g250 (cbb)-stained 2d gels. more than four hundred and fifty proteins, of which 271 were associated with distinct gel spots, were identified. in parallel, we employed 2d-lc-ms/ms followed by the label-free computationally modified spectral counting method apex for absolute protein expression measurements. of the 4502 genome-predicted sd1 proteins, 1148 ... | 2009 | 19563668 |
| [a multicentre study of shigella spp in henan province, during 2000-2007]. | 2009 | 19565889 | |
| broad-range pcr, cloning and sequencing of the full 16s rrna gene for detection of bacterial dna in synovial fluid samples of tunisian patients with reactive and undifferentiated arthritis. | broad-range rdna pcr provides an alternative, cultivation-independent approach for identifying bacterial dna in reactive and other form of arthritis. the aim of this study was to use broad-range rdna pcr targeting the 16s rrna gene in patients with reactive and other forms of arthritis and to screen for the presence of dna from any given bacterial species in synovial fluid (sf) samples. | 2009 | 19570210 |
| listeria monocytogenes membrane trafficking and lifestyle: the exception or the rule? | listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that promotes its internalization within nonprofessional phagocytes by interacting with specific host cell receptors. l. monocytogenes resides transiently in a membrane-bound compartment before escaping into the host cell cytosol where bacterial proliferation takes place. actin-based motility then promotes cell-to-cell pathogen spread. extensive studies on cytoskeleton rearrangements, membrane trafficking, and other events have establ ... | 2009 | 19575658 |
| ptdins5p protects akt from dephosphorylation through pp2a inhibition. | phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (ptdins5p), the most recently discovered phosphoinositide, has been proposed to play a role as a lipid mediator of intracellular signaling. we have previously shown that ptdins5p generated by ipgd, an effector of the causative agent of dysentery shigella flexneri, activates the pi 3-kinase/akt pathway. here, we demonstrate that ptdins5p is able to protect akt from dephosphorylation. this effect is not due to inhibition of the phosphoinositide phosphatase regulati ... | 2009 | 19576174 |
| porin of shigella dysenteriae directly promotes toll-like receptor 2-mediated cd4+ t cell survival and effector function. | porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 up-regulated toll-like receptor (tlr)2 on cd3-stimulated cd4(+) t cells but could not induce the expression of other tlrs. tlr2 in association with myeloid differentiating factor 88 (myd88) triggered the downstream signal transduction pathway leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab), and degradation of ikappab, the nf-kappab inhibitor. tlr2 co-stimulation by porin resulted in t cell expansion by in ... | 2009 | 19576636 |
| aetiology of acute gastro-enteritis in children at saint camille medical centre, ouagadougou, burkina faso. | the present study aims at identifying the infectious agents responsible for child acute gastroenteritis (age) in ouagadougou. from may 5 2006 to june 22 2008, 648 children aged from 2 to 41 months, with at least an average of 3 loose stools per day have been enrolled for coproculture, parasitology and virology test. among them, 34 (5.25%) were hiv seropositive. a single sample of faeces from each child was used to identify enteropathogens. an infectious aetiology was identified in 41.20% of case ... | 2009 | 19579955 |
| influence of long-term consumption of a lactococcus lactis strain on the intestinal immunity and intestinal flora of the senescence-accelerated mouse. | the senescence-accelerated mouse develops normally until 5-6 months of age and then displays rapid and irreversible advancement of senescence manifesting as clinical signs and gross lesions. to clarify the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the physiological changes with increasing age, heat-killed lactococcus lactis g50 was administered to 1-month-old senescence-accelerated-prone mouse (samp)6 mice for 11 months, a senescence-accelerated mouse strain that develops senile osteoporosis. mice fed g ... | 2009 | 19586567 |
| characterization of shigella sonnei isolates from travel-associated cases in japan. | shigella sonnei infection in industrialized countries is often associated with foreign travel. a total of 195 s. sonnei isolates in japan, isolated from cases associated with foreign travel, were analysed by biotyping and molecular typing using pfge and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva); their antimicrobial susceptibilities were also evaluated. the isolates were from 26 countries, most of which were asian. molecular typing revealed a correlation among the genotypes, biotyp ... | 2009 | 19589900 |
| potential applicability of chymotrypsin-susceptible microcin j25 derivatives to food preservation. | microcin j25 (mccj25) is a 21-residue ribosomally synthesized lariat peptide antibiotic. mccj25 is active against such food-borne disease-causing pathogens as salmonella spp., shigella spp., and escherichia coli, including e. coli o157:h7 and non-o157 strains. mccj25 is highly resistant to digestion by proteolytic enzymes present in the stomach and intestinal contents. mccj25 would therefore remain active in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting normal intestinal microbiota, and this limits the ... | 2009 | 19592527 |
| an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae in sweden, may-june 2009, with sugar snaps as the suspected source. | we report an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type 2 infections during may-june 2009 in sweden, involving 47 suspected cases of whom 35 were laboratory-confirmed. the epidemiological investigation based on interviews with the patients pointed at sugar snaps from kenya as the source. shigella was not detected in samples of sugar snaps. however, escherichia coli was confirmed in three of four samples indicating contamination by faecal material. during april to may 2009 outbreaks with shigella conn ... | 2009 | 19607782 |
| nonculturable response of animal enteropathogens in the agricultural environment and implications for food safety. | concerns about animal enteropathogen contamination of fresh horticultural products have,increased worldwide and are mainly due to the ability of bacteria to survive under stress conditions in the agricultural environment and during raw-vegetable processing. this review challenges the idea that the viable but nonculturable phenomenon that has been proven to occur in plant-associated environments contributes to human pathogen survival and might be correlated with foodborne infection. factors assoc ... | 2009 | 19610353 |
| high frequency of hotspot mutations in core genes of escherichia coli due to short-term positive selection. | core genes comprising the ubiquitous backbone of bacterial genomes are not subject to frequent horizontal transfer and generally are not thought to contribute to the adaptive evolution of bacterial pathogens. we determined, however, that at least one-third and possibly more than one-half of the core genes in escherichia coli genomes are targeted by repeated replacement substitutions in the same amino acid positions-hotspot mutations. occurrence of hotspot mutations is driven by positive selectio ... | 2009 | 19617543 |
| structural insights into host gtpase isoform selection by a family of bacterial gef mimics. | the escherichia coli type iii effector map belongs to a large family of bacterial virulence factors that activate host rho gtpase signaling pathways through an unknown molecular mechanism. here we report direct evidence that map functions as a potent and selective guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (gef) for cdc42. the 2.3-a structure of the map-cdc42 complex revealed that map mimics the gef strategy of the mammalian dbl family but has a three-dimensional architecture that is nearly identical to ... | 2009 | 19620963 |
| [virulence factors and in vitro susceptibility of plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from diarrhea episodes in cuba]. | acute diarrhea is still one of the main causes of disease in developing countries. at the national reference laboratory for acute diarrhoeal diseases, of the "pedro kourí" tropical medicine institute, 54 plesiomonas shigelloides strains were serotyped. as a result, the circulation of four new serotypes (o20:h2, 056:h18, 071 :h31,081 :h22) was detected. the most common antigenic variant was 094:h3. in addition, the susceptibility pattern to 21 antimicrobial agents (aa) was studied. highest percen ... | 2009 | 19621156 |
| improvement of an acid phosphatase/dhap-dependent aldolase cascade reaction by using directed evolution. | to enhance the phosphorylating activity of the bacterial nonspecific acid phosphatase from salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium lt2 towards dihydroxyacetone (dha), a mutant library was generated from the native enzyme. three different variants that showed enhanced activity were identified after one round of eppcr. the single mutant v78l was the most active and showed an increase in the maximal dhap concentration to 25 % higher than that of the wild-type enzyme at ph 6.0. this variant is 17 times ... | 2009 | 19623595 |
| [isolation and study of perspective probiotic strain of spore-forming bacteria from bacillus genus]. | to study physiologic, biochemical as well as antagonistic characteristics of isolated strain of bacillus pumilus in comparison with known spore-forming bacteria from b. subtilis species. | 2009 | 19623717 |
| [etiology of acute enteric infection in children with arid zone and effect of probiotics]. | to study etiologic structure of acute enteric infections (aei) with isolation of hemolytic and enteropathogenic escherichia and to assess the efficacy of probiotic therapy during infections caused by e. coli. | 2009 | 19623719 |
| [rapid detection of salmonella in food by using fluorescently labeled phage o-i]. | to develop a rapid detection method for salmonella in food by using specific salmonella-phage o-i. | 2009 | 19623962 |
| an integrative approach combining noncovalent mass spectrometry, enzyme kinetics and x-ray crystallography to decipher tgt protein-protein and protein-rna interaction. | the trna-modifying enzyme trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is a putative target for new selective antibiotics against shigella bacteria. the formation of a tgt homodimer was suggested on the basis of several crystal structures of tgt in complex with rna. in the present study, noncovalent mass spectrometry was used (i) to confirm the dimeric oligomerization state of tgt in solution and (ii) to evidence the binding stoichiometry of the complex formed between tgt and its full-length substrate tr ... | 2009 | 19627989 |
| enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli serogroup o111 inhibits nf-(kappa)b-dependent innate responses in a manner independent of a type iii secreted ospg orthologue. | enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (ehec and epec) inject a repertoire of effector proteins into host cells via a type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). ospg is an effector protein initially identified in shigella that was shown to inhibit the host innate immune response. in this study, we found ospg homologues in ehec (mainly of serogroup o111) and in yersinia enterocolitica. the t3ss encoded by the lee was able to inject thes ... | 2009 | 19628559 |
| differentiation of whole bacterial cells based on high-throughput microarray chip printing and infrared microspectroscopic readout. | using robotic automation, a microarray printing protocol for whole bacterial cells was developed for subsequent label-free and nondestructive infrared microspectroscopic detection. using this contact microspotting system, 24 microorganisms were printed on zinc selenide slides; these were 6 species of listeria, 10 species of vibrio, 2 strains of photobacterium damselae, yersinia enterocolitica 289, bacillus cereus atcc 14529, staphylococcus aureus, atcc 19075 (serotype 104 b), shigella sonnei 201 ... | 2009 | 19630511 |
| [development of single base extension-tags microarray for the detection of food-borne pathogens]. | we developed single base extension-tags (sbe-tags) microarray to detect eight common food-borne pathogens, including staphylococcus aureus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, enterobacter sakazaki, shigella, escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter jejuni. with specific pcr primers identified and integrated for eight food-borne pathogens, target sequences were amplified and purified as template dna of single base extension-tags reaction. the products were hybridized t ... | 2009 | 19637631 |
| vaccination of children in low-resource countries against shigella is unlikely to present an undue risk of reactive arthritis. | shigellosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-resource countries. promising vaccine strategies in development include genetically attenuated shigella, killed whole cell vaccines, subcellular vaccines, and o-polysaccharide-protein conjugates. there is a concern that shigella vaccines could either induce reactive arthritis or could prime vaccinees for arthritis after a subsequent exposure to the pathogen because shigellosis is associated with reactive arthritis, esp ... | 2009 | 19643213 |
| structural mimicry of o-antigen by a peptide revealed in a complex with an antibody raised against shigella flexneri serotype 2a. | the use of carbohydrate-mimicking peptides to induce immune responses against surface polysaccharides of pathogenic bacteria offers a novel approach to vaccine development. factors governing antigenic and immunogenic mimicry, however, are complex and poorly understood. we have addressed this question using the anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody f22-4, which was raised against shigella flexneri serotype 2a and shown to protect against homologous infection in a mouse model. in a previous ... | 2009 | 19328810 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance in shigella and salmonella isolates from children under five years of age with diarrhea in rural mozambique. | the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of 109 shigella and 40 salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea in southern mozambique were assessed. the susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion, and mechanisms of resistance were searched by pcr or colorimetric method. a high proportion of shigella isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (chl) (52%), ampicillin (amp) (56%), tetracycline (tet) (66%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (sxt) ... | 2009 | 19332670 |
| solar disinfection (sodis) and subsequent dark storage of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri monitored by flow cytometry. | pathogenic enteric bacteria are a major cause of drinking water related morbidity and mortality in developing countries. solar disinfection (sodis) is an effective means to fight this problem. in the present study, sodis of two important enteric pathogens, shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium, was investigated with a variety of viability indicators including cellular atp levels, efflux pump activity, glucose uptake ability, and polarization and integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. the ... | 2009 | 19332832 |
| [postinfection irritable bowel syndrome]. | to characterize pathogenesis, clinicolaboratory criteria and treatment of postinfection irritable bowel syndrome (pics). | 2009 | 19334488 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the tonb-dependent haem outer membrane transporter shua from shigella dysenteriae. | as part of efforts towards understanding the crystallization of membrane proteins and membrane transport across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, the tonb-dependent haem outer membrane transporter shua of shigella dysenteriae bound to heavy atoms was crystallized in several crystallization conditions using detergents. the insertion of a his(6) tag into an extracellular loop of shua, instead of downstream of the escherichia coli peptide signal, allowed efficient targeting to the outer ... | 2009 | 19342792 |
| global etiology of travelers' diarrhea: systematic review from 1973 to the present. | fifty-one published studies of travelers' diarrhea (td) were examined to look for regional differences in pathogens identified. enterotoxigenic e. coli was detected in 1,678/5,518 (30.4%) of td cases overall, with rates in latin america/caribbean (l. america), africa, south asia, and southeast asia of 1,109/3,302 (33.6%), 389/1,217 (31.2%), 153/499 (30.6%), and 36/500 (7.2%), respectively (p < 0.001). enteroaggregative e. coli was the second most common agent in l. america, found in 166/689 (24. ... | 2009 | 19346386 |
| synthesis, characterization, and immunogenicity in mice of shigella sonnei o-specific oligosaccharide-core-protein conjugates. | shigellosis, an enteric disease, is on the world health organization's priority prevention list. in one study, the shigella sonnei o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp)-protein conjugate showed 72% protection against disease in israeli army recruits exposed to high rates (8-14%) of infection. the protection was related to vaccine-induced igg anti-o-sp levels. synthetic oligosaccharides of shigella dysenteriae type 1, bound by their reducing ends to a carrier protein ("sun"-type configuration), induce ... | 2009 | 19346477 |
| molecular characterisation of the reca locus in clinical isolates of verocytotoxigenic e. coli o157:h7. | molecular epidemiology of verocytoxigenic escherichia coli o157:h7 is important to help elucidate reservoirs and modes of transmission, particularly between animals and humans. as the reca gene locus is now beginning to gain application in bacterial genotyping schemes, and as it has not been examined previously in e. coli o157 isolates, this study aims to examine potential polymorphic variation as a possible epidemiological marker for the subspecies characterisation of clinically significant ver ... | 2009 | 19348125 |
| the pic protease of enteroaggregative escherichia coli promotes intestinal colonization and growth in the presence of mucin. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) is increasingly being recognized as a cause of diarrheal disease in diverse populations. no small animal model is currently available to study this pathogen. we report here that conventional mice orally inoculated with prototype eaec strain 042 generally became colonized, though the abundance of organisms cultured from their stool varied substantially among individual animals. in contrast, mice whose water contained 5 g/liter streptomycin consistently be ... | 2009 | 19349428 |
| enteric bacterial pathogens in hiv-infected children with acute diarrhea in mulago referral and teaching hospital, kampala, uganda. | hiv-infected children develop severe bacterial infections. we set out to determine the enteric bacterial pathogens in hiv-infected children and hiv-negative controls with acute diarrhea and their antimicrobial sensitivities. | 2009 | 19357426 |
| preliminary foodnet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 states, 2008. | foodborne diseases remain an important public health problem in the united states. the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) of cdc's emerging infections program collects data from 10 u.s. states on diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. foodnet is an active, population-based surveillance system for these laboratory-confirmed infections. this report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2008 and trends since 1996. in 2008, the estimated i ... | 2009 | 19357633 |
| virb alleviates h-ns repression of the icsp promoter in shigella flexneri from sites more than one kilobase upstream of the transcription start site. | the icsp promoter of shigella spp. is repressed by h-ns and derepressed by virb. here, we show that an inverted repeat located between positions -1144 and -1130 relative to the icsp transcription start site is necessary for virb-dependent derepression. the atypical location of this cis-acting site is discussed. | 2009 | 19363111 |
| potent bactericidal action of a flavonoid fraction isolated from the stem bark of butea frondosa. | the flavonoid fraction isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction (bf-1) of butea frondosa (l.) stem bark exhibited distinct antimicrobial activity when tested against 129 bacterial strains belonging to 9 different genera of both gram-positive and gram-negative types. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the fraction bf-1 was determined following nccls guidelines using the agar dilution method. twenty-four out of 36 strains of staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 50-200 mg/l of the fractio ... | 2009 | 19368121 |
| life on the inside: the intracellular lifestyle of cytosolic bacteria. | bacterial pathogens exploit a huge range of niches within their hosts. many pathogens can invade non-phagocytic cells and survive within a membrane-bound compartment. however, only a small number of bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, burkholderia pseudomallei, francisella tularensis and rickettsia spp., can gain access to and proliferate within the host cell cytosol. here, we discuss the mechanisms by which these cytosolic pathogens escape into the cytosol, obtain nut ... | 2009 | 19369949 |
| mechanism of unusual formation of 3-(5-phenyl-3h-[1,2,4]dithiazol-3-yl)chromen-4-ones and 4-oxo-4h-chromene-3-carbothioic acid n-phenylamides and their antimicrobial evaluation. | 6/6,7-substituted 3-formylchromones (9a-e) react with 2 equivalents of 2-phenyl-4-dimethylamino-1-thia-3-azabuta-1,3-diene (10) or thiobenzamide (11) in refluxing toluene to furnish novel substituted 3-(5-phenyl-3h-[1,2,4]dithiazol-3-yl)chromen-4-ones (12a-e). however, reactions of substituted 2-anilino-3-formylchromones (15a-d) with thiobenzamide (11, 2 equivalents) in refluxing xylene furnish 4-oxo-4h-chromene-3-carbothioic acid n-phenylamide (17a-d) in high yields. a mechanistic rationalizati ... | 2009 | 19375826 |
| intuitionistic fuzzy set vs. fuzzy set application in medical pattern recognition. | one of the toughest challenges in medical diagnosis is uncertainty handling. the detection of intestinal bacteria such as salmonella and shigella which cause typhoid fever and dysentery, respectively, is one such challenging problem for microbiologists. they detect the bacteria by the comparison with predefined classes to find the most similar one. consequently, we observe uncertainty in determining the similarity degrees, and therefore, in the bacteria classification. in this paper, we take an ... | 2009 | 19375899 |
| a new ethanolamine phosphate-containing variant of the o-antigen of shigella flexneri type 4a. | the o-specific polysaccharide (o-antigen) structure of a shigella flexneri type 4a strain from the dysentery reference laboratory (london, uk) was elucidated in 1978 and its characteristic feature was found to be alpha-d-glucosylation of glcnac at position 6, which defines o-factor iv. our nmr spectroscopic studies of the o-specific polysaccharides of two other strains belonging to s. flexneri type 4a (g1668 from adelaide, australia, and 1359 from moscow, russia) confirmed the carbohydrate backb ... | 2009 | 19376498 |
| [complete structure of the o-polysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae type 10]. | the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae type 10, which has been reported previously in bioorg. khim. (1977, vol. 3, pp. 1219-1225), was refined: [formula: see text]. | 2009 | 19377533 |
| activating mutations of n-wasp alter shigella pathogenesis. | the pathogenesis of shigella requires binding to the host protein n-wasp. to examine the roles of structural conformation and phospho-regulation of n-wasp during shigella pathogenesis, mutant n-wasp constructs predicted to result in a constitutively open conformation (l229p and l232p) or either a phospho-mimicking (y253e) or phospho-disruptive (y253f) structure were constructed. pyrene actin assays demonstrated that the n-wasp l229p and l232p constructs are constitutively active. despite the inc ... | 2009 | 19379711 |
| unc119 protects from shigella infection by inhibiting the abl family kinases. | bacteria engage cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling molecules to enter the cell. unc119 is an adaptor protein, which interacts with receptors and tyrosine kinases. its role in bacterial invasion of cells is unknown. | 2009 | 19381274 |
| role of azithromycin against clinical isolates of family enterobacteriaceae: a comparison of its minimum inhibitory concentration by three different methods. | to determine the effect of azithromycin, a new azalide antibiotic, on clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae and to determine and compare its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) by disk diffusion, agar dilution and e-test methods. | 2009 | 19384031 |
| altered expression of inflammatory cytokine receptors in response to lps challenge through interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and lymphocytes of peyer's patch. | the intense innate immunological activities occurring at the enteric mucosal surface involve interactions between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. our previous studies have indicated that peyer's patch lymphocytes may modulate intestinal epithelial barrier and ion transport function in homeostasis and host defense via cell-cell contact as well as cytokine signaling. the present study was undertaken using the established co-culture system of caco-2 epithelial cells with lymphocytes o ... | 2009 | 19385035 |
| inactivation of salmonella enteritidis in chicken breast fillets by single-cycle and multiple-cycle high pressure treatments. | the effect of single-cycle and multiple-cycle high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) treatments on the survival of three salmonella enteritidis strains in chicken breast fillets was investigated. the surface of fillets was inoculated with a cocktail of three salmonella strains at approximately 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu)/g, and held at 4 degrees c for 20 hours before hhp treatments. reduction of salmonella counts on tryptic soy agar (tsa) by single-cycle treatments at 300 mpa and 12 degrees c rang ... | 2009 | 19388832 |