Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the binding of synthetic analogs of the upstream, terminal residue of the o-polysaccharides (o-ps) of vibrio cholerae o:1 serotypes ogawa and inaba to two murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the ogawa lipopolysaccharide (lps). | the binding of nineteen analogues of the upstream, terminal, monosaccharide residue of each of the o-polysaccharide (o-ps) of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa and inaba, with two murine monoclonal igg antibodies both specific for the ogawa lps were measured using fluorescence spectroscopy. the use of the deoxy and the deoxyfluoro analogs allowed further refinement of the hydrogen-bonding pattern involved in the binding. based on the binding characteristics observed for some of the ligands in ... | 2002 | 12493228 |
| [characterization of vibrio cholerae cultures isolated in foci of cholera in the city of kazan]. | during the period of the registered outbreak of cholera in 2001 in kazan 171 v. cholerae cultures were isolated in the focus of the infection (from patients, carriers and 7 environmental objects). the use of the basic and additional tests, including the polymerase chain reaction, made it possible to establish the circulation of v. cholerae, phagovar 15, in the focus of the infection. the strain isolated from the water reservoir azino-1 in kazan was identical in its properties to the epidemically ... | 2002 | 12506636 |
| [differences in virulence genes in vibrio cholerae eltor strains isolated from different sources in turkmenistan territory]. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detected the presence of various genes associated with virulence in genome of strains v. cholerae eltor isolated in turkmenistan territory during epidemic and epidemic-free perios. it was found that a complete set of virulence genes (ctxa+, tcpa+ and toxr+) contained strains isolated from patients, carriers and environment only in cholera epidemics. strains isolated from the environment in the period free of epidemics did not contain ctxa and tcpa in 78.2% of case ... | 2002 | 12534264 |
| [hemolytic activity and toxigenicity of vibrio cholerae of different serogroups]. | experimental data on the comparative evaluation of the hemolytic activity of ctx+ hly- and ctx- hly+ v. cholerae, serogroups o1 and o139, in the process of their cultivation in different nutrient media are presented. the capacity of ctx+ v. cholerae of both serogroups cultivated under the conditions of iron deficiency, for the production of hemolysin capable of lyzing sheep red blood cells was shown. hemolysin produced by ctx- strains of v. cholerae was synthesized under any conditions. the stud ... | 2002 | 12524992 |
| [morphology and enzyme activity of nonculturable forms of vibrio cholerae]. | the transition of v. cholerae into the uncultivable state under experimental conditions was accompanied by gradual changes in their morphology, motility and metabolic activity. the vibrios took the oval form, lost their flagellum, motility and enzyme activity on diagnostic media. dehydrogenase activity tested by reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, increased at the initial stages and dropped to the initial level or even lower by the end of the observation period (10 months). similar dyna ... | 2002 | 12524994 |
| mobilization of the vibrio pathogenicity island between vibrio cholerae isolates mediated by cp-t1 generalized transduction. | pathogenicity islands are large chromosomal regions encoding virulence genes that were acquired by horizontal gene transfer and are found in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. in toxigenic vibrio cholerae isolates the receptor for the cholera toxin encoding filamentous phage ctxphi, the toxin-coregulated pilus, is part of the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi). in this paper, we show that the vpi can be transferred between o1 serogroup strains, the predominant cause of epidemic cholera, via a g ... | 2002 | 12351223 |
| quorum sensing in vibrio cholerae. | 2002 | 12355076 | |
| endotoxins of enteric pathogens are chemotactic factors for human neutrophils. | early activation of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils is characterized by their morphological changes from spherical to polarized shapes. the endotoxins from enteric pathogens (s. dysenteriae type 1, v. cholerae inaba 569b, s. typhimurium, and k. pneumoniae) were assessed by their ability to induce morphological polarization of the neutrophils as measures of early activation. phagocytic activity, adhesion, chemokinetic locomotion, and nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) dye-reduction ... | 2002 | 12359090 |
| effects of global climate on infectious disease: the cholera model. | recently, the role of the environment and climate in disease dynamics has become a subject of increasing interest to microbiologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and ecologists. much of the interest has been stimulated by the growing problems of antibiotic resistance among pathogens, emergence and/or reemergence of infectious diseases worldwide, the potential of bioterrorism, and the debate concerning climate change. cholera, caused by vibrio cholerae, lends itself to analyses of the role of cl ... | 2002 | 12364378 |
| pro-inflammatory effects of cholera toxin: role of tumor necrosis factor alpha. | cholera toxin has been traditionally described as the one that does not induce inflammation. it has, however, potent adjuvant and immuno-modulatory activities. since the adjuvanticity of other compounds is linked to their capacity to induce inflammation, in the present study the pro-inflammatory activity of cholera toxin was investigated. we studied this activity in the following rat models of inflammation: paw edema and neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity, and evaluated cholera toxi ... | 2002 | 12368119 |
| asymmetric directional mutation pressures in bacteria. | when there are no strand-specific biases in mutation and selection rates (that is, in the substitution rates) between the two strands of dna, the average nucleotide composition is theoretically expected to be a = t and g = c within each strand. deviations from these equalities are therefore evidence for an asymmetry in selection and/or mutation between the two strands. by focusing on weakly selected regions that could be oriented with respect to replication in 43 out of 51 completely sequenced b ... | 2002 | 12372146 |
| vibrio cholerae bacteremia in a neutropenic patient with non-small-cell lung carcinoma. | vibrio cholerae was isolated from the blood cultures of a neutropenic patient treated with chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer. attempts to isolate vibrio spp. from a rectal swab and stool were unsuccessful. piperacillin/tazobactam treatment resulted in eradication of the microorganism from the patient's blood. although vibrio spp. have occasionally been the source of infection in immunocompromised patients, this report describes the first case of non-0:1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia in a ... | 2002 | 12373501 |
| role of vibrio cholerae o139 surface polysaccharides in intestinal colonization. | since the first occurrence of o139 vibrio cholerae as a cause of cholera epidemics, this serogroup has been investigated intensively, and it has been found that its pathogenicity is comparable to that of o1 el tor strains. o139 isolates express a thin capsule, composed of a polymer of repeating units structurally identical to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) o side chain. in this study, we investigated the role of lps o side chain and capsular polysaccharide (cps) in intestinal colonization by with ... | 2002 | 12379674 |
| enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in community and hospital patients in jakarta, indonesia. | the prevalence of bacteria, parasite and viral pathogens in 3875 patients with diarrhea in community and hospital settings from march 1997 through august 1999 in jakarta, indonesia was determined using routine bacteriology and molecular assay techniques. bacterial pathogens isolated from hospital patients were, in decreasing frequency, vibrio cholerae o1, shigella flexneri, salmonella spp. and campylobacter jejuni, while s. flexneri, v. cholerae o1, salmonella spp. and c. jejuni were isolated fr ... | 2002 | 12381465 |
| characterization of vibrio mimicus phospholipase a (phla) and cytotoxicity on fish cell. | vibrio mimicus is a typical strain of vibrio cholerae and produces a phospholipase (phla) which shares a highly conserved amino acid sequence with the lecithinase (lec) of v. cholerae. the recombinant protein (rphla) produced from the phla gene of v. mimicus was expressed in escherichia coli as his-tag fused protein. the rphla was purified by gel filtration and ni-metal affinity chromatographies. when the action mode was investigated by tlc and gc-ms, the purified rphla protein showed a phosphol ... | 2002 | 12387827 |
| combating cholera epidemics by targeting reservoirs of infection and transmission routes: a review. | to determine the parameters which can be investigated for prevention and effective control of cholera. | 2002 | 12389962 |
| [purine regulon of gamma-proteobacteria: a detailed description]. | the structure of the purine regulon was studied by a comparative genomic approach in seven genomes of gamma-proteobacteria: escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, yersinia pestis, haemophilus influenzae, pasteurella multocida, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and vibrio cholerae. the palindromic binding site of the purine repressor (consensus acgcaaacgtttgcgt) is fairly well retained of genes encoding enzymes that participate in the synthesis of inosinemonophosphate from phosphoribozylpyrophos ... | 2002 | 12391881 |
| [vibrio cholerae sepsis in the neonate]. | vibrio cholerae sepsis is infrequent, especially in neonates although sporadic cases have been reported in older patients. we report the case of a neonate who was admitted to the intensive care unit for hypovolemic shock secondary to diarrhea caused by v. cholerae that developed into bacteremia. the predisposing factors were low socioeconomic status, home delivery, delayed presentation at the health center, and active maternal gastrointestinal infection with v. cholerae. the organism identified ... | 2002 | 12392671 |
| prevalence of virulence-associated genes in clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae strains isolated in brazil between 1991 and 1999. | genes located on the ctx element and the vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island (vpi) were investigated in 297 clinical v. cholerae o1 and 76 environmental o1 and non-o1 isolates from brazil between 1991 and 1999. rapd analysis suggested that serogroup o1 strains regardless of clinical or environmental source were clonal while non-o1 strains showed greater diversity. pcr analysis showed that 71% of o1 clinical isolates had a complete set of ctx element target genes (ctxa, ctxb, zot and ace) and 68 ... | 2002 | 12393195 |
| ilg1 : a new integrase-like gene that is a marker of bacterial contamination by the laboratory escherichia coli strain top10f'. | identification of differentially expressed genes between normal and diseased states is an area of intense current medical research that can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. however, isolation of differentially expressed genes by subtraction often suffers from unreported contamination of the resulting subtraction library with clones containing dna sequences not from the original rna samples. | 2002 | 12393938 |
| [characteristics of the cholera epidemic of 1998 in ecuador during el niño]. | to describe the outbreak of cholera that occurred in ecuador in 1998 during the el nino weather phenomenon, to present data on the resistance of the circulating strains of vibrio cholerae to antimicrobial drugs, and to describe the preventive measures taken by health authorities in order to reduce the impact of the disease. | 2002 | 12396633 |
| expression of vibrio cholerae virulence genes in response to environmental signals. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of asiatic cholera, is a gram-negative motile bacterial species acquired via oral ingestion of contaminated food or water sources. the o1 serogroup of v. cholerae is responsible for pandemic cholera and is divided into two biotypes, classical and el tor (butterton and calderwood, 1995; mekalanos, 1985). the el tor biotype is responsible for the current cholera pandemic. in the absence of disease, the vibrio life cycle consists of a free-swimming phase in mari ... | 2002 | 12400636 |
| preferential association of the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (stn) with environmental strains of vibrio cholerae belonging to the o14 serogroup. | toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 serogroups have the capacity of causing epidemic and pandemic cholera but are infrequently found in the environment. the other serogroups are abundant in aquatic environments but do not possess the virulence genes necessary for causing the disease. of the 559 environmental strains of v. cholerae, collected during different periods from environmental samples in calcutta, 9 (1.6%) harboured the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (stn). six of the 9 strains belonged ... | 2002 | 12403100 |
| interaction of the vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) with cholesterol, some cholesterol esters, and cholesterol derivatives: a tem study. | the vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) 63-kda monomer has been shown to interact in aqueous suspension with cholesterol microcystals to produce a ring/pore-like heptameric oligomer approximately 8 nm in outer diameter. transmission electron microscopy data were produced from cholesterol samples adsorbed to carbon support films, spread across the holes of holey carbon films, and negatively stained with ammonium molybdate. the vcc oligomers initially attach to the edge of the stacked cholesterol bila ... | 2002 | 12406694 |
| seasonality of chesapeake bay bacterioplankton species. | bacteria, gamma-subclass of proteobacteria, vibrio-photobacterium, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae-vibrio mimicus, and vibrio cincinnatiensis in water samples collected from the choptank river in chesapeake bay from 15 april to 16 december 1996 were enumerated using a fluorescent oligonucleotide direct-counting (fodc) procedure. fodc results obtained using a bacteria taxon-specific probe ranged from one-third the number of to the same number as that obtained by the acridine orange direct coun ... | 2002 | 12406742 |
| bacteria of the gamma-subclass proteobacteria associated with zooplankton in chesapeake bay. | the seasonal abundance of gamma-subclass proteobacteria, vibrio-photobacterium, vibrio cholerae-vibrio mimicus, vibrio cincinnatiensis, and vibrio vulnificus in the choptank river of chesapeake bay associated with zooplankton was monitored from april to december 1996. large (>202- microm) and small (64- to 202- microm) size classes of zooplankton were collected, and the bacteria associated with each of the zooplankton size classes were enumerated by fluorescent oligonucleotide direct count. larg ... | 2002 | 12406743 |
| high-frequency rugose exopolysaccharide production by vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae can shift to a "rugose" phenotype, thereby producing copious exopolysaccharide (eps), which promotes its environmental survival and persistence. we report conditions that promote high-frequency rugose eps production (hfrp), whereby cells switch at high frequency (up to 80%) to rugose eps production. hfrp appeared to be more common in clinical strains, as hfrp was found in 6 of 19 clinical strains (32%) (including classical, el tor, and non-o1 strains) but in only 1 of 16 environm ... | 2002 | 12406780 |
| development of a hexaplex pcr assay for rapid detection of virulence and regulatory genes in vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus. | we have developed a hexaplex pcr assay for rapid detection of the virulence and regulatory genes for cholera toxin enzymatic subunit a (ctxa), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa), outer membrane protein (ompu), and central regulatory protein toxr (toxr) in vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus. this hexaplex pcr proved successful in screening pathogenic-toxigenic and nonpathogenic-nontoxigenic v. cholerae and v. mimicus strains from both ... | 2002 | 12409420 |
| efficacy of atovaquone/proguanil for malaria prophylaxis in children and its effect on the immunogenicity of live oral typhoid and cholera vaccines. | a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to measure the impact of malaria prophylaxis with atovaquone/proguanil (a-p) on the immunogenicity of vaccines against typhoid fever and cholera, salmonella serotype typhi ty21a and vibrio cholerae cvd103-hgr, respectively. a total of 330 gabonese schoolchildren were assigned to receive either a-p or placebo for 12 weeks. vaccination occurred 3 weeks after the start of prophylaxis, and immunogenicity was assessed 4 weeks after vaccination. t ... | 2002 | 12410473 |
| [a study on genetic polymorphism of rrna gene pattern of vibrio cholerae o139 in china]. | to investigated the genetic polymorphism of the isolated strains using ribotyping method. | 2002 | 12411090 |
| efficacy of oral administration and oral intake of edible vaccines. | to evaluate whether vaccine administration via intragastric gavage is indicative for the outcome of edible vaccines, mice were orally immunised with ovalbumin (ova) mixed with or without vibrio cholerae toxin (ct) in various compositions via various routes: (1) ova dissolved in saline and intragastrically (ig) administered ('ig'); (2) ova mixed with food extract and administered ig ('food ig'); (3) food chow absorbed with ova dissolved in saline and fed to the animals ('food'); and (4) ova disso ... | 2002 | 12413735 |
| regulation of virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae by quorum sensing: hapr functions at the apha promoter. | quorum sensing negatively influences virulence gene expression in certain toxigenic vibrio cholerae strains. at high cell densities, the response regulator luxo fails to reduce the expression of hapr, which, in turn, represses the expression of the virulence cascade. a critical regulatory step in the cascade is activation of tcpph expression by apha and aphb. we show here that hapr influences the virulence cascade by directly repressing apha expression. in strain c6706, apha expression was incre ... | 2002 | 12421317 |
| vibrio cholerae phage k139: complete genome sequence and comparative genomics of related phages. | in this report, we characterize the complete genome sequence of the temperate phage k139, which morphologically belongs to the myoviridae phage family (p2 and 186). the prophage genome consists of 33,106 bp, and the overall gc content is 48.9%. forty-four open reading frames were identified. homology analysis and motif search were used to assign possible functions for the genes, revealing a close relationship to p2-like phages. by southern blot screening of a vibrio cholerae strain collection, t ... | 2002 | 12426348 |
| characterization of a novel vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi-2) encoding neuraminidase (nanh) among toxigenic vibrio cholerae isolates. | acquisition of virulence genes encoded on mobile genetic elements has played an important role in the emergence of pathogenic isolates of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrhoeal disease cholera. the genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxab), the main cause of profuse secretory diarrhoea in cholera, are encoded on a filamentous bacteriophage ctxphi. the toxin coregulated pilus (tcp), an essential intestinal colonization factor, was originally designated as part of a pathogenicity island ... | 2002 | 12427958 |
| the wavb gene of vibrio cholerae and the waae of klebsiella pneumoniae codify for a beta-1,4-glucosyltransferase involved in the transfer of a glucose residue to the l-glycero-d-manno-heptose i in the lipopolysaccharide inner core. | vibrio cholerae wavb protein showed some similarity to waae of klebsiella pneumoniae and serratia marcescens. from previous data obtained by us and by chemical analyses of a k. pneumoniae non-polar waae mutant from strain 889 (08:k69), its lipopolysaccharide (lps) core structure has recently been elucidated. we demonstrated that waae is a beta-1,4-glucosyltransferase involved in the transfer of a glucose residue to the l-glycero-d-manno-heptose i in the lps inner core. complementation of this k. ... | 2002 | 12435504 |
| commentary: dr john sutherland, vibrio cholerae and 'predisposing causes'. | 2002 | 12435759 | |
| expression of cholera toxin b subunit in transgenic tomato plants. | cholera toxin, secreted by vibrio cholerae, consists of a and b subunits. the latter binds to g(m1)-ganglioside receptors as a pentamer (approximately 55 kda). tomato plants were transformed with the gene encoding cholera toxin b subunit (ctxb) along with an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (sekdel) under the control of the camv 35s promoter via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. pcr and southern analysis confirmed the presence of the ctxb gene in transformed tomato plants. northern an ... | 2002 | 12437076 |
| calibrated serological techniques demonstrate significant different serum response rates to an oral killed cholera vaccine between swedish and nicaraguan children. | serum responses to oral cholera vaccines were assessed in three paediatric vaccine trials, two in león, nicaragua and one in stockholm, sweden. a calibrated anti-cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) iga elisa was used together with an assay for vibriocidal antibodies. swedish children had lower pre-vaccination levels of antibody, but serum responses were more pronounced in swedish children than in nicaraguan children. post-vaccination levels of anti-toxin antibody were generally above those found after ... | 2002 | 12443672 |
| [listeria monocytogenes in vegetables minimally processed]. | the demand of vegetables minimally processed (ready-to-use) has increased partly due to the frequent use of the food services, where the salads are always included in the daily menus. the use of new technologies for processing and packaging has made possible to obtain a product ready to serve. nevertheless the associated risk of the presence of emergent pathogens, such as listeria monocytogenes seems to be involved. the aim of this work was to assess the microbiological quality of this kind of f ... | 2002 | 12448343 |
| [evaluation of polysaccharide antigens of vibrio cholerae o139 of different origin by monoclonal antibodies]. | the epitope composition of o-polysaccharides in the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of v. cholerae, serogroup o139, isolated from clinical material and water of surface reservoirs was analyzed with the use of monoclonal antibodies. the analysis demonstrated that these o-polysaccharides were similar in their structure and chemical composition. in lps of v. cholerae o139 clinical strains o-polysaccharide determinants occurred more often. among v. cholerae isolated from water strains on whose surface indi ... | 2002 | 12449693 |
| non-01 vibrio cholerae septicemia and meningitis in a neonate. | non-o1 vibrio cholerae is known to cause diarrhoea as well as extra-intestinal infections in adults and children. however meningitis in children is a rare occurrence. we report a neonate who developed septicemia and meningitis due to non-o1 vibrio cholerae. | 2002 | 12450305 |
| vibrio cholerae 01 strain resistant to vibriostatic compound 0/129 isolated from cholera cases in kilifi, kenya. | 2002 | 12635766 | |
| [obtaining diagnostic fluorescent monoclonal immunoglobulins against the v. cholerae 0139-serovar]. | below is given a procedure of the obtaining diagnostic fluorescent monoclonal immunoglobulin to detect cholera vibrios of o139 serovar. while obtaining preparations it was managed to determine optimal ftts-mka ratio, duration of their conjugation, series of fluorochrome. test specimens of fluorescent monoclonal immunoglobulin provides intensive glow of v cholerae o139 cells in the working dilution 1:16-1:32. tests of diagnostic ftts-mka on the great number of homologic and heterologic strains sh ... | 2002 | 12587559 |
| information overload: assigning genetic functionality in the age of genomics and large-scale screening. | as more and more genome sequences are completed, it is becoming increasingly evident that our understanding of the function of most bacterial gene products is lacking. this is frustrating, particularly in the study of pathogens, where an understanding of the role of individual gene products would probably facilitate the development of novel antimicrobials and vaccines. recently, we devised a technique known as virulence-attenuated pool (vap) screening to help assign genetic functionality to gene ... | 2002 | 12564993 |
| comparison of sxt and r391, two conjugative integrating elements: definition of a genetic backbone for the mobilization of resistance determinants. | the sxt element (sxt) is becoming an increasingly prevalent vector for the dissemination of antibiotic resistances in vibrio cholerae. sxt is a member of a larger family of elements, formerly defined as incj plasmids, that are self-transmissible by conjugation and integrate site-specifically into the host chromosome. comparison of the dna sequences of sxt and r391, an incj element from providencia rettgeri, indicate that these elements consist of a conserved backbone that mediates the regulation ... | 2002 | 12568332 |
| antimicrobial potentiality of a phenothiazine group of antipsychotic drug-prochlorperazine. | the antipsychotic drug, prochlorperazine (pcp), was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy against 103 strains belonging to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the drug was found to possess maximum activity against staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae and shigella spp. pcp was moderately active against e. coli but most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp, klebsiella spp, salmonella spp and lactobacillus spp were found to be resistant to this drug. the drug was tested for its mod ... | 2002 | 12597553 |
| synergistic effect of ayurvedic pearl preparation on enhancing effectiveness of antibiotics. | studies were carried out with ayurvedic preparations derived from pearl, which include preparations bhasma and pishti. the synergistic effect to reduce the dose of antibiotic was tested against e. coli the test bacterium with ampicillin antibiotic by bore well and disks diffusion methods. it was observed that pearl preparations do not show any antibacterial activity but when used at 200 microg/ml concentration with antibiotics, then even at sub-lethal dose, the antibiotic has effectively shown t ... | 2002 | 12597554 |
| [a cholera epidemic in dijibouti (may 2000-january 2001)]. | the purpose of this report is to describe a cholera outbreak that occurred in the republic of djibouti from may 2000 to january 2001. because the somalian index cases involved were identified, this outbreak can be used as a model for imported epidemics. development of the disease in the djibouti city is promoted by a combination of poor living conditions and inadequate water supply. unlike in previous epidemics in djibouti, bacteriological study demonstrated the emergence of vibrio cholerae stra ... | 2002 | 12616941 |
| quinolone susceptibility of vibrio cholerae o1 & o139 isolates from vellore. | vellore is an endemic area for cholera. the relative prevalence of clinical cases of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 has been fluctuating. few studies have examined the susceptibility of local isolates to quinolones. the objective of the present study was to look at quinolone susceptibility and determine mic of ciprofloxacin to representative clinical isolates of v. cholerae o1 and o139 in vellore, obtained between 1997 and 1999. | 2002 | 12619447 |
| enlightening cholera bug reveals new virulence system. | 2002 | 12546909 | |
| [analysis of gene cluster of tat-dependent protein export system of vibrio cholerae and its function]. | the tat (twin-arginine translocatin) system is a recently defined protein export pathway that serves to translocate folded proteins. the substrates of the tat pathway contain specific amino-terminal signal peptides that exhibit a conserved amino acid consensus motif-s/t-r-r-x-f-l-x. here is the report of knocked out the tata, tatb and tatc genes of the v. cholerae by suicide plasmid homologous recombination technology. mutant strains showed obvious changes of growth characteristics. the transpor ... | 2002 | 12561481 |
| potentiality of a new compound for in vitro differentiation between halophilic and non-halophilic vibrios. | sensitivity of 21 halophilic vibrios and 16 clinical isolates of non-halophilic vibrios was determined against a new possible antivibrio agent, a pyrimidine analogue, 4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine -2-thiol (4,6-dmpt). it appeared to be a vibriocidal agent, having a mean mic and mbc of 32 microg/ml for halophilic strains and 64 microg/ml for non-halophilic strains and an ld50 of 300 mg/kg body weight of mice. thus, 4,6-dmpt may help an in vitro distinction between halophilic and non-halophilic vibrios. ... | 2002 | 12622188 |
| icmt is essential for pore formation-mediated egress of legionella pneumophila from mammalian and protozoan cells. | the final step of the intracellular life cycle of legionella pneumophila and other intracellular pathogens is their egress from the host cell after termination of intracellular replication. we have previously isolated five spontaneous mutants of l. pneumophila that replicate intracellularly similar to the wild-type strain but are defective in pore formation-mediated cytolysis and egress from mammalian and protozoan cells, and the mutants have been designated rib (release of intracellular bacteri ... | 2002 | 11748165 |
| vibrio cholerae ompu and ompt porins are differentially affected by bile. | ompt and ompu are pore-forming proteins of the outer membrane of vibrio cholerae, a pathogen that colonizes the intestine and produces cholera. expression of the ompu and ompt genes is under the regulation of toxr, a transmembrane transcriptional activator that also controls expression of virulence factors. it was recently shown that bile stimulates the toxr-mediated transcription of ompu and that ompu-expressing strains are more resistant to bile and anionic detergents than ompt-expressing cell ... | 2002 | 11748172 |
| rs1 element of vibrio cholerae can propagate horizontally as a filamentous phage exploiting the morphogenesis genes of ctxphi. | in toxigenic vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin is encoded by the ctx prophage, which consists of a core region carrying ctxab genes and genes required for ctxphi morphogenesis, and an rs2 region encoding regulation, replication, and integration functions. integrated ctxphi is often flanked by another genetic element known as rs1 which carries all open reading frames (orfs) found in rs2 and an additional orf designated rstc. we identified a single-stranded circularized form of the rs1 element, in ad ... | 2002 | 11748178 |
| catalytic mapping of the vibriobactin biosynthetic enzyme vibf. | the iron-chelating catechol siderophore vibriobactin of the pathogenic vibrio cholerae is assembled by a four-subunit, ten-domain nonribosomal peptide synthetase system, vibe, vibb, vibh, and vibf, using 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and l-threonine as precursors to two (dihydroxyphenyl)methyloxazolinyl groups in amide linkage on a norspermidine scaffold. we have utilized site-specific and domain-deletion mutagenesis to map the heterocyclization and primary and secondary amine acylation activities of th ... | 2002 | 11772022 |
| identification and characterization of a putative transcriptional regulator controlling the expression of fouling inhibitors in pseudoalteromonas tunicata. | the dark green pigmented marine bacterium pseudoalteromonas tunicata colonizes living surfaces and produces a range of extracellular compounds that inhibit common fouling organisms, including marine invertebrate larvae, algae, bacteria, and fungi. we have observed a positive correlation between the antifouling activity of p. tunicata strain d2 and the expression of pigmentation. to address the hypothesis that pigmentation and antifouling may be jointly regulated in this organism and to begin to ... | 2002 | 11772647 |
| pandemic spread of cholera: genetic diversity and relationships within the seventh pandemic clone of vibrio cholerae determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism. | the seventh cholera pandemic started in 1961 and continues today. a collection of 45 seventh pandemic isolates of v. cholerae sampled over a 33-year period were analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting. all but four pairs and one set of three isolates were distinguished. aflp revealed far more variation than ribotyping, which was until now the most useful method of revealing variation within the pandemic clone. unfortunately, the ribotype variation observed is mai ... | 2002 | 11773113 |
| virulence genes in halophilic vibrio spp. isolated in common mussels. | twenty-five vibrio strains belonging to nine different species, isolated in common mussels, were examined for the presence of different virulence genes: ctxa, tcpa, toxr, toxs, ace, zot and vpi previously found in pathogenic vibrio cholerae strains. our results suggest that there is a wide dissemination of vibrio cholerae virulence genes among the various vibrio species tested. this finding raises the question of whether a different approach should be taken to study "environmental" vibrio strain ... | 2002 | 11837398 |
| vibrio cholerae-loaded poly(dl lactide co-glycolide) microparticles. | vibrio cholerae (vc)-loaded microparticles were prepared using poly(dl lactide-co-glycolide) with a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion/solvent extraction technique. particle characteristics including size distribution, vc-loading efficiencies, and in-vitro release pattern were investigated. the dispersed phase was plg dissolved in dichloromethane, and the continuous phase was water containing pvp as a stabilizer with varied sodium chloride concentrations. vc was successfully entrapped in the micropa ... | 2002 | 11837975 |
| allelic diversity and population structure in vibrio cholerae o139 bengal based on nucleotide sequence analysis. | comparative analysis of gene fragments of six housekeeping loci, distributed around the two chromosomes of vibrio cholerae, has been carried out for a collection of 29 v. cholerae o139 bengal strains isolated from india during the first epidemic period (1992 to 1993). a toxigenic o1 eltor strain from the seventh pandemic and an environmental non-o1/non-o139 strain were also included in this study. all loci studied were polymorphic, with a small number of polymorphic sites in the sequenced fragme ... | 2002 | 11844759 |
| regulation of gene expression in vibrio cholerae by toxt involves both antirepression and rna polymerase stimulation. | co-ordinate expression of many virulence genes in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is under the direct control of the toxt protein, including genes whose products are required for the biogenesis of the toxin-co-regulated pilus (tcp) and cholera toxin (ctx). this work examined interactions between toxt and the promoters of ctx and tcpa genes. we found that a minimum of three direct repeats of the sequence ttttgat is required for toxt-dependent activation of the ctx promoter, and that the region ... | 2002 | 11849541 |
| isolation of a glucosamine-specific kinase, a unique enzyme of vibrio cholerae. | we showed previously that chitin catabolism by the marine bacterium vibrio furnissii involves at least three signal transduction systems and many genes, several of which were molecularly cloned, and the corresponding proteins were characterized. the predicted amino acid sequences of these proteins showed a high degree of identity to the corresponding proteins from vibrio cholerae, whose complete genomic sequence has recently been determined. we have therefore initiated studies with v. cholerae. ... | 2002 | 11850417 |
| marine bacteria cause false-positive results in the colilert-18 rapid identification test for escherichia coli in florida waters. | the colilert-18 system for enumeration of total coliforms and escherichia coli is approved by the u.s. environmental protection agency for use in drinking water analysis and is also used by various agencies and research studies for enumeration of indicator organisms in fresh and saline waters. during monitoring of pinellas county, fla., marine waters, estimates of e. coli numbers (by colilert-18) frequently exceeded fecal coliform counts (by membrane filtration) by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. sa ... | 2002 | 11823188 |
| simple procedure for rapid identification of vibrio cholerae from the aquatic environment. | biochemical tests commonly used to screen for vibrio cholerae in environmental samples were evaluated, and we found that a combination of alkaline peptone enrichment followed by streaking on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar and testing for arginine dihydrolase activity and esculin hydrolysis was an effective rapid technique to screen for aquatic environmental v. cholerae. this technique provided 100% sensitivity and > or =70% specificity. | 2002 | 11823252 |
| microbial compounds selectively induce th1 cell-promoting or th2 cell-promoting dendritic cells in vitro with diverse th cell-polarizing signals. | upon microbial infection, specific th1 or th2 responses develop depending on the type of microbe. here, we demonstrate that different microbial compounds polarize the maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells (dcs) into stably committed th1 cell-promoting (dc1) or th2 cell-promoting (dc2) effector dcs that polarize th cells via different mechanisms. protein extract derived from the helminth schistosoma mansoni induced the development of dc2s that promote the development of th2 cells via the en ... | 2002 | 11823500 |
| acid tolerance of gastrointestinal pathogens. | the ability of pathogenic bacteria to survive in the face of host defense systems is intimately linked to virulence. this is exemplified by gastrointestinal pathogens that must survive exposure to extreme acid conditions within the stomach and organic acid conditions within the small intestine. these organisms have evolved complex systems to respond to acid stress, and recent work has revealed new genetic components involved in survival and virulence. here, we review recent work on four gastroin ... | 2002 | 11834369 |
| locating probable genes using fourier transform approach. | ftg is a web server for analyzing nucleotide sequences to predict the genes using fourier transform techniques. this server implements the existing fourier transform algorithms for gene prediction and allows the rapid visualization of analysis by output in gif format. | 2002 | 11836230 |
| base frequencies at the second codon position of vibrio cholerae genes connect with protein function. | in this paper, the base frequency at the second codon position of the 3839 open reading frames (orfs) in the vibrio cholerae genome is analyzed. it is shown that according to the base content at this codon site, the orfs can be divided into two clusters, each containing 673 and 3166 orfs, respectively. orfs in the smaller cluster usually have significantly higher t frequency than that of a at the second codon position. for the two clusters of orfs, there are significant differences in the freque ... | 2002 | 11779136 |
| structures of two o-chain polysaccharides of citrobacter gillenii o9a,9b lipopolysaccharide. a new homopolymer of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose (perosamine). | mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of citro- bacter gillenii o9a,9b released a polysaccharide (ps), which was found to consist of a single monosaccharide, 4- acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose (d-rha4nac, n-acetyl-d-perosamine). ps was studied by methylation analysis and (1)h-nmr and (13)c-nmr spectroscopy, using two-dimensional (1)h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, noesy, and h-detected (1)h,(13)c heteronuclear correlation experiments. it was found that ps includes two structurally different polysac ... | 2002 | 11784302 |
| comparative genomic analysis of vibrio cholerae: genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease. | historically, the first six recorded cholera pandemics occurred between 1817 and 1923 and were caused by vibrio cholerae o1 serogroup strains of the classical biotype. although strains of the el tor biotype caused sporadic infections and cholera epidemics as early as 1910, it was not until 1961 that this biotype emerged to cause the 7th pandemic, eventually resulting in the global elimination of classical biotype strains as a cause of disease. the completed genome sequence of 7th pandemic el tor ... | 2002 | 11818571 |
| analysis of 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer of vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus for detection of these species. | 2002 | 11692861 | |
| [anticholera vaccines and vaccination]. | cholera is still an important diarrhoeal disease in developing countries. the impact of cholera out-break is tremendous for a country at human and economic level. who estimates that diarrhoeal diseases cause about 2.8 million deaths per year in developing countries. officially, cholera is causing around 120,000 deaths per year. the poorest population (from slums and refugee camps) are the most vulnerable target for cholera infection. development of simple cheap and effective vaccine is highly re ... | 2002 | 12696375 |
| [analysis of specific nucleotide sequences. dna biosensors]. | information about common molecular-biological approaches for the determination of the specific nucleotide sequences in genetic materials was given in the review. main attention was paid to consideration of the ways for dna biosensor creation. the information about the types of such biosensors was presented in detail and characteristics of the developed devices were cited. separately the question about the use of the instrumental analytical approaches for the identification of genetic materials o ... | 2002 | 12924012 |
| bacteriological profile of cholera in tamil nadu (1980-2001). | in addition to vibrio cholerae o1, a recently emerged non-o1 serotype, v. cholerae o139 has also been found to be responsible for epidemics of cholera. in the context of the changing etiology of cholera, the occurrence of different serotypes, biotypes and phage types of v. cholerae in tamil nadu is presented. | 2002 | 12807153 |
| [an autochthonous case of amebic hepatic abscess with pleural dissemination]. | the present paper reports on the first autochtonous case of amoebic hepatic abscess in romania in a patient in which the epidemiologic survey showed that there had been no possible import infection. the amoebic abscess was located in the superoexternal area of the right hepatic lobe. subsequently a major complication developed: a tendency to pleuropulmonary invasion with the formation of fluid in the right pleural cavity. the diagnosis, suggested by the aspect of the abscess cavity, was establis ... | 2002 | 133449 |
| maternal assessment of fetal activity in small-for-dates infants. | fifty consecutive obstetric cases have been analyzed in which there was a clear history of either vigorous or reduced fetal activity during the week preceding delivery resulting in the birth of an infant weighing 2.5 kg or less after the 37th week. especially in such hypertensive pregnancies, a maternal history of reduced overall fetal activity is very suggestive of impending fetal death, while a history of vigorous fetal activity tends to denote that the fetus is in no immediate danger. a plea ... | 2002 | 1124163 |
| handicapped police dispatchers in a rural setting. | 2002 | 135084 | |
| disabled living foundation. | 2002 | 127995 | |
| physician involvement in workmen's compensation cases. | 2002 | 123954 | |
| sjogren's syndrome and drug reaction to practalol. | a case is reported of a patient who developed exfoliative dermatitis while being treated with practalol for angina pectoris. the patient also had trigeminal neuropathy, renal impairment and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. the antinuclear factor was diffusely positive but other antibodies were negative. at post mortem the patient was found to have acute pancreatitis, and peritonitis. it is postulated that the patient has antecedent sjogren's syndrome and on introduction of practalol therapy developed ... | 2002 | 127954 |
| oligoclonal igg and virus antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. | 2002 | 117579 | |
| cystinosis: a review. | 2002 | 124074 | |
| [essential bone cysts of the upper end of the femur in children. our experience with 12 cases]. | the authors have operated on 12 children with solitary unicameral bone cysts of the upper femoral extremity. they opened the cysts widely, resecting one third of the bone circumference, reinforcing the bone solidity by a nail plate and filling the cavity with autogenous bone grafts. 11 cysts healed, 1 recurred. some residual deformities were noted (coxa valga or vara). | 2002 | 128051 |
| [study of the morbidity of dento-maxillary anomalies in the school population of the town of sfîntu-gheorghe, correlated with pathology of growth of the body]. | 2002 | 127319 | |
| purification and molecular properties of the (sodium + potassium)-adenosinetriphosphatase and reconstitution of coupled sodium and potassium transport in phospholipid vesicles containing purified enzyme. | recent work in our laboratory on the purification and characterization of the (sodium + potassium)-activated adenosinetriphosphatase (nak atpase) has been reviewed. two enzymes have been purified, that from the rectal salt gland of the spiny dogfish, squalus acanthias and that from the electric organ of the electric eel, electrophorus electricus. the enzyme appears to consist of two catalytic subunits of molecular weight of about 95,000 and one glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 50,00 ... | 2002 | 127829 |
| [treatment of colitis ulcerosa during pregnancy (author's transl)]. | aggressive pharmacotherapeutic and surgical measures are often contra-indicated in the treatment of colitis ulcerosa in pregnancy. especially in the sensitive embryonal development phase, the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutics and acth is considered questionable. the subtotal colectomies and ileostomies often demanded in toxically dramatic colitides place a considerable burden on mother and foetus. a conservative therapeutic regimen, which has been successfully used i ... | 2002 | 120087 |
| marshall university: a model in practical rehabilitation planning. | 2002 | 135088 | |
| a method for rapid tailoring of the intraatrial baffle in transposition of the great vessels. | numerous reports have described successful use of the brom "trouser-shaped" baffle in the mustard procedure. a simple technique to fashion the baffle accurately by use of a prefashioned template is described. | 2002 | 127558 |
| clinical comparison between glibornuride (glutril) and tolbutamide in maturity-onset diabetes: a controlled double-blind trial. | 2002 | 134878 | |
| [late diagnosis of a nasal foreign body]. | 2002 | 135308 | |
| role of abortive spike on encoding mechanism in frog muscle spindle. | 2002 | 137420 | |
| [development of hematology and transfusiology in uzbekistan]. | 2002 | 135253 | |
| plasma precursors of estrogen. iii. conversion of plasma dehydroisoandrosterone to estrogen in young nonpregnant women. | the utilization of plasma dehydroisoandrosterone for estrogen production was studied in 4 normal young nonpregnant women and in one young surgical castrate woman. the mean transfer constant for total conversion to estrogen, [sigma] de-bu' was 0.0016 of which about one third (0.0005) could be accounted for by conversion of dehydroisoandrosterone first to plasma androstenedione which in turn was converted to estrone. the remaining fractional conversion appeared to result principally in estradiol f ... | 2002 | 134938 |
| prevention of dry socket with local application of tetracycline. | 2002 | 4925124 | |
| heterogeneic expression of blood group a and h isoantigens in bladder tumors: association with nuclear volume. | intratumor heterogeneity is a major problem in immunodiagnosis and treatment of carcinomas. to elucidate the well-known heterogeneity in transitional-cell carcinomas of the ability to express blood group abo isoantigens, a stereological estimate of the mean nuclear volume in areas expressing blood group antigens was compared to the estimate from areas of identical pathological grade at which antigen expression was deleted. four microscopic fields were examined from antigen-positive and four from ... | 2002 | 2732458 |
| [contractile myocardial proteins in patients with acquired heart defects]. | the atp-ase activity of myosin; the level of sh-groups and the concentration of myosin were studied in various clinical groups of patients with mitral, mitral-aortic and mitral-aortic-tricuspid valve defects. proceeding from the duration of the history of the disease, the mitral cases were grouped in the following way: group 1 -- heart disease of under 10-years duration; group 2 -- under 20 years; group 3 -- over 20 years; group 4 -- three patients with combined heart diseases; group 5 -- four l ... | 2002 | 127876 |
| [an invariant of plasma viscosity]. | determination of "m" invariant cannot lead to an absolute measurement of plasmatic viscosity, because "m" increases with temperature. it allows however to compare data determined in various conditions. | 2002 | 126722 |
| treatment of hypercalcemia. | 2002 | 135369 | |
| [ultrastructural demonstration of extracellular proteoglycans]. | 2002 | 135343 |