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absence of nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2 is associated with less distinct disease in campylobacter jejuni infected secondary abiotic il-10 deficient mice.human campylobacter jejuni-infections are progressively increasing worldwide. despite their high prevalence and socioeconomic impact the underlying mechanisms of pathogen-host-interactions are only incompletely understood. given that the innate immune receptor nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2 (nod2) is involved in clearance of enteropathogens, we here evaluated its role in murine campylobacteriosis. to address this, we applied nod2-deficient il-10(-/-) (nod2(-/-) il-10(-/-)) mice and il-10(-/ ...201728752081
in vitro characteristics of lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from the chicken digestive tract and their role in the inhibition of campylobacter colonization.campylobacter jejuni/coli infections are the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illnesses in humans. many epidemiological studies indicate that improperly prepared meat from chickens that carry a high load of campylobacter in their intestinal tracts is the key source of human infections. lab, mainly members of the lactococcus and lactobacillus genera, increasingly have been tested as vehicles for the delivery of heterologous bacterial or viral antigens to animal mucosal immune systems. thus, t ...201728736979
a genome-wide association study to identify diagnostic markers for human pathogenic campylobacter jejuni strains.campylobacter jejuni is a leading human enteric pathogen worldwide and despite an improved understanding of its biology, ecology, and epidemiology, limited tools exist for identifying strains that are likely to cause disease. in the current study, we used subtyping data in a database representing over 24,000 isolates collected through various surveillance projects in canada to identify 166 representative genomes from prevalent c. jejuni subtypes for whole genome sequencing. the sequence data was ...201728713351
association of anti-gangliosides antibodies and anti-cmv antibodies in guillain-barré syndrome.numerous types of infection were closely related to gbs, mainly including campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, which may lead to the production of anti-gangliosides antibodies (aga). currently, although there are increased studies on the aga and a few studies of anti-cmv antibodies in gbs, the association between them remains poorly documented. therefore, our research aims to analyze the correlation of anti-cmv antibodies and aga in gbs.201728523231
lactobacillus johnsonii ameliorates intestinal, extra-intestinal and systemic pro-inflammatory immune responses following murine campylobacter jejuni infection.campylobacter jejuni infections are progressively increasing worldwide. probiotic treatment might open novel therapeutic or even prophylactic approaches to combat campylobacteriosis. in the present study secondary abiotic mice were generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and perorally reassociated with a commensal murine lactobacillus johnsonii strain either 14 days before (i.e. prophylactic regimen) or 7 days after (i.e. therapeutic regimen) peroral c. jejuni strain 81-176 infection. f ...201728522817
immunoprevalence to six waterborne pathogens in beachgoers at boquerón beach, puerto rico: application of a microsphere-based salivary antibody multiplex immunoassay.waterborne infectious diseases are a major public health concern worldwide. few methods have been established that are capable of measuring human exposure to multiple waterborne pathogens simultaneously using non-invasive samples such as saliva. most current methods measure exposure to only one pathogen at a time, require large volumes of individual samples collected using invasive procedures, and are very labor intensive. in this article, we applied a multiplex bead-based immunoassay capable of ...201728507984
grape pomace improves performance, antioxidant status, fecal microbiota and meat quality of piglets.in the present study, grape pomace (gp) was used as feed additive in the diet of weaned piglets in order to develop innovative feedstuffs and to investigate their potential beneficial effects on welfare, productivity and meat quality. for examining the antioxidant capacity of the experimental feeds, 24 piglets of 20 days old were assigned to two experimental groups receiving standard or experimental diet for 30 days. blood and tissues collections were performed at four different time-points, 2, ...201728712376
the molecular mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical campylobacter jejuni and their genotyping characteristics in beijing, china.we assessed the susceptibility of 182 campylobacter jejuni isolates from patients with diarrhea to eight antibiotics and analyzed the molecular mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance as well as the genetic characteristics based on multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the c257t mutation was found on the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of the gyra gene in all ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. mutations on the qrdr of the gyrb gene were silent. a total of 74 strains had 7 inverted repea ...201728696791
pet-associated campylobacteriosis: a persisting public health concern.campylobacter is regarded as a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states. we report on a case of laboratory-confirmed campylobacter jejuni infection in the commonwealth of pennsylvania among members of a household living with a laboratory-confirmed but non-speciated campylobacter-infected puppy. we describe an outbreak of likely dog-associated campylobacteriosis, the risk factors, potential routes of exposure and the clinical features in the exposed family members, wh ...201728834267
role of eptc in biofilm formation by campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 on polystyrene and glass surfaces.the complex roles of cell surface modification in the biofilm formation of campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of worldwide foodborne diarrheal disease, are poorly understood. in a screen of mutants from random transposon mutagenesis, an insertional mutation in eptc gene (cj0256) resulted in a significant decrease in c. jejuni nctc11168 biofilm formation (<20%) on major food contact surfaces, such as polystyrene and borosilicate glass, compared with wild-type cells (p < 0.05). in c. jejuni strai ...201728683522
speciation trajectories in recombining bacterial species.it is generally agreed that bacterial diversity can be classified into genetically and ecologically cohesive units, but what produces such variation is a topic of intensive research. recombination may maintain coherent species of frequently recombining bacteria, but the emergence of distinct clusters within a recombining species, and the impact of habitat structure in this process are not well described, limiting our understanding of how new species are created. here we present a model of bacter ...201728671999
importance of campylobacter jejuni flis and fliw in flagella biogenesis and flagellin secretion.flagella-driven motility enables bacteria to reach their favorable niche within the host. the human foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni produces two heavily glycosylated structural flagellins (flaa and flab) that form the flagellar filament. it also encodes the non-structural flac flagellin which is secreted through the flagellum and has been implicated in host cell invasion. the mechanisms that regulate c. jejuni flagellin biogenesis and guide the proteins to the export apparatus are differ ...201728659885
effects of dry whey powder and calcium butyrate supplementation of corn/soybean-based diets on productive performance, duodenal histological integrity, and campylobacter colonization in broilers.campylobacter is the main cause of gastroenteritis in humans in industrialized countries, and poultry is its principal reservoir and source of human infections. dietary supplementation of broiler feed with additives could improve productive performance and elicit health benefits that might reduce campylobacter contamination during primary production. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with whey (a prebiotic) and calcium butyrate (a salt of a short-chain fat ...201728651615
discovery of a glutamine kinase required for the biosynthesis of the o-methyl phosphoramidate modifications found in the capsular polysaccharides of campylobacter jejuni.bacterial capsular polysaccharides (cps) are complex carbohydrate structures that play a role in the overall fitness of the organism. campylobacter jejuni, known for being a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, produces a cps with a unique o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) modification on specific sugar residues. the formation of p-n bonds in nature is relatively rare, and the pathway for the assembly of the phosphoramidate moiety in the cps of c. jejuni is unknown. in this investi ...201728650156
hydroxylamine-induced oxidation of ferrous carbonylated truncated hemoglobins from mycobacterium tuberculosis and campylobacter jejuni is limited by carbon monoxide dissociation.hydroxylamine (ha) is an oxidant of ferrous globins and its action has been reported to be inhibited by co, even though this mechanism has not been clarified. here, kinetics of the ha-mediated oxidation of ferrous carbonylated mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobin n and o (mt-trhbn(ii)-co and mt-trhbo(ii)-co, respectively) and campylobacter jejuni truncated hemoglobin p (cj-trhbp(ii)-co), at ph 7.2 and 20.0 °c, are reported. mixing mt-trhbn(ii)-co, mt-trhbo(ii)-co, and cj-trhbp(ii)-co ...201728646425
cytolethal distending toxin enhances radiosensitivity in prostate cancer cells by regulating autophagy.cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) produced by campylobacter jejuni contains three subunits: cdta, cdtb, and cdtc. among these three toxin subunits, cdtb is the toxic moiety of cdt with dnase i activity, resulting in dna double-strand breaks (dsb) and, consequently, cell cycle arrest at the g2/m stage and apoptosis. radiation therapy is an effective modality for the treatment of localized prostate cancer (pca). however, patients often develop radioresistance. owing to its particular biochemical p ...201728642840
recurrent campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia: a case report.although some cases of recurrent bacteremia due to campylobacter jejuni have been reported in immunocompromised patients, antibiotic treatment strategies to eradicate c. jejuni and prevent recurrent infections in immunocompromised patients have not been established. authors' experience of such rare cases should be shared for improving patients' outcomes.201728640123
campylobacter jejuni myocarditis: a journey from the gut to the heart.campylobacter jejuni is an unusual cause of myocarditis and could easily be missed.201728634541
phage exposure causes dynamic shifts in the expression states of specific phase-variable genes of campylobacter jejuni.phase variation (pv) creates phenotypic heterogeneity at high frequencies and in a reversible manner. this phenomenon allows bacteria to adapt to a variety of different environments and selective pressures. in campylobacterjejuni this reversible adaptive process is mediated by mutations in homopolymeric g/c tracts. many c. jejuni-specific phages are dependent on phase-variable surface structures for successful infection. we previously identified the capsular polysaccharide (cps) moiety, meopn-ga ...201728597819
towards diagnostic metagenomics of campylobacter in fecal samples.the development of diagnostic metagenomics is driven by the need for universal, culture-independent methods for detection and characterization of pathogens to substitute the time-consuming, organism-specific, and often culture-based laboratory procedures for epidemiological source-tracing. some of the challenges in diagnostic metagenomics are, that it requires a great next-generation sequencing depth and unautomated data analysis.201728595575
immune responses upon campylobacter jejuni infection of secondary abiotic mice lacking nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2.campylobacter jejuni infections are of rising importance worldwide. given that innate immune receptors including nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2 (nod2) are essentially involved in combating enteropathogenic infections, we here surveyed the impact of nod2 in murine campylobacteriosis.201728592996
generation of the membrane potential and its impact on the motility, atp production and growth in campylobacter jejuni.the generation of a membrane potential (δψ), the major constituent of the proton motive force (pmf), is crucial for atp synthesis, transport of nutrients and flagellar rotation. campylobacter jejuni harbors a branched electron transport chain, enabling respiration with different electron donors and acceptors. here, we demonstrate that a relatively high δψ is only generated in the presence of either formate as electron donor or oxygen as electron acceptor, in combination with an acceptor/donor re ...201728586527
confirmed identification and toxin profiling of campylobacter jejuni using a thermostabilized multiplex pcr formulation.cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) producing campylobacter jejuni species are one of the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. the main intent of the study was to develop a multiplex pcr assay for the confirmed identification and toxin profiling of c. jejuni. the genes targeted were rpo b as genus specific, hip o for species; cdt a, cdt b, cdt c encoding respective subunit proteins of cdt with internal amplification control (iac). to enhance its application as a pre-mixed ready-to-us ...201728574617
pathogen-induced ubiquitin-editing enzyme a20 bifunctionally shuts off nf-κb and caspase-8-dependent apoptotic cell death.the human pathogen helicobacter pylori infects more than half of the world's population and is a paradigm for persistent yet asymptomatic infection but increases the risk for chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma. for successful colonization, h. pylori needs to subvert the host cell death response, which serves to confine pathogen infection by killing infected cells and preventing malignant transformation. infection of gastric epithelial cells by h. pylori provokes direct and fast activat ...201728574503
newer insights into the antidiarrheal effects of acacia catechu willd. extract in guinea pig.acacia catechu willd. is a plant diffused in india and other asian countries, where it is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments including diarrhea, one of the most common pathologies worldwide. in this study, we determined the chemical composition of acacia catechu willd. extract (ac) and evaluated its effect on spontaneous and induced contractility in isolated guinea pig ileum and proximal colon. preliminary data about its antimicrobial effect against some pathoge ...201728422543
draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant abortive campylobacter jejuni from northern california.campylobacter jejuni is an enteric bacterium that can cause abortion in livestock. this is the release of a multidrug-resistant campylobacter jejuni genome from an isolate that caused an abortion in a cow in northern california. this isolate is part of the 100k pathogen genome project.201728408683
accessory genetic content in campylobacter jejuni st21cc isolates from feces and blood.campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen and the most commonly reported bacterial cause of gastroenteritis. c. jejuni is occasionally found in blood, although mechanisms important for invasiveness have remained unclear. c. jejuni is divided into many different lineages, of which the st21 clonal complex (cc) is widely distributed. here, we performed comparative genomic and in vitro analyses on 17c. jejuni st21cc strains derived from human blood and feces in order to identify featur ...201728408091
profiling of campylobacter jejuni proteome in exponential and stationary phase of growth.campylobacter jejuni has been reported as a major cause of bacterial food-borne enteritides in developed countries during the last decade. despite its fastidious growth requirements, including low level of oxygen and high level of co2, this pathogen is able to persist in the environment without permanent loss of its viability and virulence. as c. jejuni is not able to multiply outside a host, the cells spend significant amount of time in stationary phase of growth. the entry into the stationary ...201728572800
high prevalence and predominance of the aph(2″)-if gene conferring aminoglycoside resistance in campylobacter.campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and previous studies revealed that campylobacter isolates from food-producing animals are increasingly resistant to gentamicin in china. the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms responsible for gentamicin resistance in china have not been well understood. in this study, 607 campylobacter isolates of chicken and swine origins collected in the year of 2014 were analyzed, revealing that 15.6% (25/160) of the c. jejuni isolates and 79.9% (357/447) ...201728264854
[infection due to mycobacterium bovis in common variable immunodeficiency].common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is an heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired antibody production. it shows a wide spectrum of manifestations including severe and recurrent respiratory infections (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus) and gastrointestinal (campylobacter jejuni, rotavirus and giardia lamblia). viral infections caused by herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and hepatitis c are rare. the opportunistic agents such as cmv, pneumocystis jirovecii, cryptococ ...201725758115
molecular and statistical analysis of campylobacter spp. and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter carriage in wildlife and livestock from ontario farms.the objectives of this study were to (i) compare the carriage of campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter among livestock and mammalian wildlife on ontario farms, and (ii) investigate the potential sharing of campylobacter subtypes between livestock and wildlife. using data collected from a cross-sectional study of 25 farms in 2010, we assessed associations, using mixed logistic regression models, between campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter carriage and the fol ...201727460061
efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for neu5ac production by manipulating synthetic, degradation and transmembrane pathways.to develop a strategy for producing n-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (neu5ac), which is often synthesized from exogenous n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and pyruvate, but without using pyruvate.201727627899
cluster analysis of campylobacter jejuni genotypes isolated from small and medium-sized mammalian wildlife and bovine livestock from ontario farms.using data collected from a cross-sectional study of 25 farms (eight beef, eight swine and nine dairy) in 2010, we assessed clustering of molecular subtypes of c. jejuni based on a campylobacter-specific 40 gene comparative genomic fingerprinting assay (cgf40) subtypes, using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (upgma) analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis. exact logistic regression was used to determine which genes differentiate wildlife and livestock subtypes in our stud ...201727492809
outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with raccoon contact at a wildlife rehabilitation centre, minnesota, 2013.campylobacteriosis is an enteric illness caused by bacteria of the genus campylobacter. there are approximately 900 culture-confirmed cases of campylobacteriosis reported annually to the minnesota department of health (mdh). case patients are interviewed about risk factors, including foods eaten, recreational and drinking water exposures and animal contact. in september 2013, mdh identified two campylobacter jejuni cases who reported working at the same wildlife rehabilitation centre before illn ...201727576067
the influence of dissolved oxygen level and medium on biofilm formation by campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni survival in aerobic environments has been suggested to be mediated by biofilm formation. biofilm formation by eight c. jejuni strains under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions in different broths (mueller-hinton (mh), bolton and brucella) was quantified. the dissolved oxygen (do) content of the broths under both incubation atmospheres was determined. biofilm formation for all strains was highest in mh broth under both incubation atmospheres. four strains had lower biofi ...201727697161
tlr4 and tlr21 expression, mif, ifn-β, md-2, cd14 activation, and siga production in chickens administered with efal41 strain challenged with campylobacter jejuni.the protective effect of enterococcus faecium efal41 on chicken's caecum in relation to the tlr (tlr4 and tlr21) activation and production of luminal iga challenged with campylobacter jejuni ccm6191 was assessed. the activation of mif, ifn-β, md-2 and cd14 was followed-up after bacterial infection. day-old chicks (40) were divided into four groups (n = 10): control (c), e. faecium al41 (efal41), c. jejuni (cj) and combined e. faecium al41+c. jejuni (efal41+cj). relative mrna expression of tlr4, ...201727696326
antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. isolated from an opportunistic gull species, yellow-legged gull ( larus michahellis ).wildlife is a natural reservoir of salmonella and campylobacter, the most important human foodborne pathogens worldwide. free-living birds have the potential to transport, over large distances, such zoonotic bacteria that may harbor antimicrobial resistance traits. on the northeastern iberian coast, we assessed the role of yellow-legged gulls ( larus michahellis ) as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella and thermophilic campylobacter isolates recovered from gulls at three colonie ...201727723383
anti-campylobacter activity of resveratrol and an extract from waste pinot noir grape skins and seeds, and resistance of camp. jejuni planktonic and biofilm cells, mediated via the cmeabc efflux pump.to define anti-campylobacter jejuni activity of an extract from waste skins and seeds of pinot noir grapes (gss), resveratrol and possible resistance mechanisms, and the influence of these on camp. jejuni morphology.201727709726
relaxation of dna supercoiling leads to increased invasion of epithelial cells and protein secretion by campylobacter jejuni.invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by campylobacter jejuni is a critical step during infection of the intestine by this important human pathogen. in this study we investigated the role played by dna supercoiling in the regulation of invasion of epithelial cells and the mechanism by which this could be mediated. a significant correlation between more relaxed dna supercoiling and an increased ability of c. jejuni strains to penetrate human epithelial cells was demonstrated. directly inducing ...201728019693
a proteomics assay to detect eight cbrn-relevant toxins in food.a proteomics assay was set up to analyze food substrates for eight toxins of the cbrn (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) threat, namely ricin, clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx), staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (sea, seb and sed), shigatoxins from shigella dysenteriae and entero-hemorragic escherichia coli strains (stx1 and stx2) and campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). the assay developed was based on an antibody-free sample preparation followed by b ...201728008711
campylobacteriosis in poland in 2013 and 2014evaluation of the epidemiological situation of campylobacteriosis in poland in 2013 and 2014 in comparison with the situation in the previous years.201727779836
surface proteome mining for identification of potential vaccine candidates against campylobacter jejuni: an in silico approach.campylobacter jejuni remains a major cause of human gastroenteritis with estimated annual incidence rate of 450 million infections worldwide. c. jejuni is a major burden to public health in both socioeconomically developing and industrialized nations. virulence determinants involved in c. jejuni pathogenesis are multifactorial in nature and not yet fully understood. despite the completion of the first c. jejuni genome project in 2000, there are currently no vaccines in the market against this pa ...201727778110
antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter in organically and conventionally raised layer chickens.poultry is a major source of campylobacter, which can cause foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. additionally, poultry-associated campylobacter can develop resistance to important antimicrobials, which increases the risk to public health. while broiler chickens have been the focus of many studies, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter on layer farms has not received equal attention. however, the growing popularity of cage-free and organic layer farming necessitates a c ...201727768387
compliance/non-compliance with biosecurity rules specified in the danish quality assurance system (kik) and campylobacter-positive broiler flocks 2012 and 2013.one source for campylobacter jejuni infections in humans could be consumption of broiler meat. transmission of campylobacter into broiler houses/flocks occurs via many routes. a number of biosecurity rules is specified in the quality assurance system in danish chicken production (kik) - for which the broiler producers annually are audited for compliance with, by bureau veritas. multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigated the association between compliance/non-compliance wi ...201727838611
microbial quality of reclaimed water for urban reuses: probabilistic risk-based investigation and recommendations.although canada has abundant freshwater resources, many cities still experience seasonal water shortage. supply-side and demand-side management is a core strategy to address this water shortage. under this strategy, reclaimed water, which the canadian public is willing to use for non-potable purposes, is an option. however, no universal guidelines exist for reclaimed water use. despite the federal government's long-term goal to develop guidelines for many water reuse applications, guidelines hav ...201727810759
clinical microbiology laboratories' adoption of culture-independent diagnostic tests is a threat to foodborne-disease surveillance in the united states.introductionin november 2015, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) sent a letter to state and territorial epidemiologists, state and territorial public health laboratory directors, and state and territorial health officials. in this letter, culture-independent diagnostic tests (cidts) for detection of enteric pathogens were characterized as "a serious and current threat to public health surveillance, particularly for shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and salmonella" t ...201727795338
tannerella forsythia strains display different cell-surface nonulosonic acids: biosynthetic pathway characterization and first insight into biological implications.tannerella forsythia is an anaerobic, gram-negative periodontal pathogen. a unique o-linked oligosaccharide decorates the bacterium's cell surface proteins and was shown to modulate the host immune response. in our study, we investigated the biosynthesis of the nonulosonic acid (nulo) present at the terminal position of this glycan. a bioinformatic analysis of t. forsythia genomes revealed a gene locus for the synthesis of pseudaminic acid (pse) in the type strain atcc 43037 while strains fdc 92 ...201727986835
feed can be a source of campylobacter jejuni infection in broilers.1. the aim was to determine the importance of a contaminated diet as a possible cause of campylobacter jejuni infection in broilers. 2. this study evaluated the viability of c. jejuni in both starter and finisher diets and the interference from other mesophilic bacteria in this viability. 3. starter and finisher samples of broiler diet were deliberately contaminated with 3 or 5 log cfu·g(-1) of c. jejuni (nctc 11351) and then maintained at two different storage temperatures (25°c or 37°c) for 3 ...201727977299
guillain barré syndrome is induced in non-obese diabetic (nod) mice following campylobacter jejuni infection and is exacerbated by antibiotics.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis linked to several serious autoimmune sequelae such as the peripheral neuropathies guillain barré syndrome (gbs) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs). we hypothesized that gbs and mfs can result in nod wild type (wt) mice or their congenic interleukin (il)-10 or b7-2 knockouts secondary to c. jejuni infection. mice were gavaged orally with c. jejuni strains hb93-13 and 260.94 from patients with gbs or cf93-6 from a patient with mfs ...201727939129
campylobacter-associated diseases in animals.campylobacter includes a group of genetically diverse species causing a range of diseases in animals and humans. the bacterium is frequently associated with two economically important and epidemiologically distinct reproductive diseases in ruminants: enzootic infectious infertility in cattle owing to campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and abortions in sheep, goats, and cattle. septic abortion, usually epizootic in sheep, has been historically associated with c. fetus subsp. fetus and to a les ...201727860495
etiology of diarrhea, nutritional outcomes, and novel intestinal biomarkers in tanzanian infants.diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but the etiology of diarrhea and its relation to nutritional outcomes in resource-limited settings is poorly defined. we sought to determine the etiology of community-acquired diarrhea in tanzanian infants and to assess the association with anthropometrics and novel intestinal biomarkers.201727347720
campylobacter bacteraemia: 16 years of experience in a single centre.campylobacter bacteraemia (cb) is rare and usually occurs in immune-compromised patients. in this study we examined the incidence and epidemiology of cb in one institution over 15.5 years.201727320494
use of the potential probiotic strain lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 to control campylobacter jejuni in broilers.campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in the eu since 2005. as chicken meat is the main source of contamination, reducing the level of campylobacter in broiler chicken will lower the risk to consumers. the aim of this project was to evaluate the ability of lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 to control campylobacter jejuni in broilers and to investigate the mechanisms that could be involved. thirty broilers artificially contaminated with c. jejuni were treated ...201727432696
susceptibility of bacteria isolated from acute gastrointestinal infections to rifaximin and other antimicrobial agents in mexico.bacterial resistance may hamper the antimicrobial management of acute gastroenteritis. bacterial susceptibility to rifaximin, an antibiotic that achieves high fecal concentrations (up to 8,000μg/g), has not been evaluated in mexico.201726525276
antibacterial activities of ankaferd hemostat (abs) on shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and other pathogens significant in foodborne diseases.ankaferd hemostat (ankaferd blood stopper®, abs)-induced pharmacological modulation of essential erythroid proteins can cause vital erythroid aggregation via acting on fibrinogen gamma. topical endoscopic abs application is effective in the controlling of gastrointestinal (gi) system hemorrhages and/or infected gi wounds. escherichia coli o157:h7, the predominant serotype of enterohemorrhagic e. coli, is a cause of both outbreaks and sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis. the aim of this study i ...201726377624
epidemiological and serological investigation of a waterborne campylobacter jejuni outbreak in a danish town.following an unusually heavy rainfall in june 2009, a community-wide outbreak of campylobacter gastroenteritis occurred in a small danish town. the outbreak investigation consisted of (1) a cohort study using an e-questionnaire of disease determinants, (2) microbiological study of stool samples, (3) serological study of blood samples from cases and asymptomatic members of case households, and (4) environmental analyses of the water distribution system. the questionnaire study identified 163 case ...201727903324
campylobacter jejuni strains coresistant to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in patients with gastroenteritis in croatia().antibiotic-resistant campylobacter jejuni strains are rapidly emerging worldwide. here, we aimed to determine the antibiotic-resistance patterns and genetic structure of c. jejuni from stool samples of symptomatic patients in dalmatia, the largest croatian county.201727900889
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis: case report and review of the literature.we describe a case of a 25-year-old male with a diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) following infection with campylobacter jejuni, which is implicated in various human pathologies regarding the central nervous system (cns) with acute course like guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), miller-fisher syndrome (mfs), bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (bee), acute transverse myelitis (atm) as well as adem. these conditions are caused by cross-reactivity between campylobacter's epitope ...201727888275
generation and screening of an insertion sequencing-compatible mutant library of campylobacter jejuni.the advent of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled experimental approaches to characterize large, complex populations of dna molecules with high resolution. included among these are methods to assess populations of transposon insertion libraries for the fitness cost of any particular mutant allele after applying selection to a population. these approaches have proven invaluable for identifying genetic factors that influence survival of bacterial pathogens within different environmen ...201727885613
analyzing prokaryotic rna-seq data: a case study identifying holo-fur regulated genes in campylobacter jejuni.in recent years, rna-seq has become an important method in the process of measuring gene expression in various cells and organisms. this chapter will detail all the bioinformatic steps that should be undertaken to determine differentially expressed genes from a typical rna-seq experiment. each step will be clearly explained in "non-bioinformatic" terminology so that readers embarking on rna-seq analysis will be able to understand the rationale and reasoning behind each step. moreover, the exact ...201727885612
methods for proteome analysis of campylobacter jejuni using 2-d electrophoresis.this chapter describes protocols used for two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the proteome or subproteome of campylobacter jejuni, a major human food-borne pathogen. the following protocols, adapted to campylobacter strains, include all the steps from cultivation to gel-support protein separation.201727885611
characterizing glycoproteins by mass spectrometry in campylobacter jejuni.the glycosylation systems of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) are considered archetypal examples of both n- and o-linked glycosylations in the field of bacterial glycosylation. the discovery and characterization of these systems both have revealed important biological insight into c. jejuni and have led to the refinement and enhancement of methodologies to characterize bacterial glycosylation. in general, mass spectrometry-based characterization has become the preferred methodology for the study ...201727885610
methods for genome-wide methylome profiling of campylobacter jejuni.methylation has a profound role in the regulation of numerous biological processes in bacteria including virulence. the study of methylation in bacteria has greatly advanced thanks to next-generation sequencing technologies. these technologies have expedited the process of uncovering unique features of many bacterial methylomes such as characterizing previously uncharacterized methyltransferases, cataloging genome-wide dna methylations in bacteria, identifying the frequency of methylation at par ...201727885609
metabolomic analysis of campylobacter jejuni by direct-injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.direct-injection mass spectrometry (dims) is a means of rapidly obtaining metabolomic phenotype data in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. given our generally poor understanding of campylobacter metabolism, the high-throughput and relatively simple sample preparation of dims has made this an attractive technique for metabolism-related studies and hypothesis generation, especially when attempting to analyze metabolic mutants with no clear phenotype. here we describe a metabolomic fingerprinting app ...201727885608
mouse models for campylobacter jejuni colonization and infection.relevant animal models for campylobacter jejuni infection have been difficult to establish due to c. jejuni's inability to cause disease in many common animal research models. fortunately, recent work has proven successful in developing several new and relevant mouse models of c. jejuni infection, including the sigirr-deficient mouse strain that develops acute enterocolitis in response to c. jejuni. here we describe how to properly infect mice with c. jejuni, as well as a number of accompanying ...201727885607
using galleria mellonella as an infection model for campylobacter jejuni pathogenesis.nonmammalian model systems of infection have been employed recently to study bacterial virulence. for instance, galleria mellonella (the greater wax moth) has been shown to be susceptible to infection by many bacterial pathogens including the enteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni. in contrast to the traditional animal models for c. jejuni such as the chick colonization model and ferret diarrheal model, the galleria mellonella infection model has the advantages of lower cost, ease of use and no a ...201727885606
characterization of ligand-receptor interactions: chemotaxis, biofilm, cell culture assays, and animal model methodologies.chemotactic motility is an essential virulence factor for the pathogenesis of campylobacter spp. infection. in chapter 6 , we described technologies that enable initial screening and identification of ligands able to interact with chemoreceptor sensory domains. these include amino acid and glycan arrays, nmr, and spr that are utilized to identify potential ligands interacting with campylobacter jejuni. here we describe techniques that enable the characterization and evaluation of ligand-receptor ...201727885605
assays to study the interaction of campylobacter jejuni with the mucosal surface.mucosal colonization and overcoming the mucosal barrier are essential steps in the establishment of infection by campylobacter jejuni. the interaction between c. jejuni and host cells, including binding and invasion, is thought to be the key virulence factor important for pathogenesis of c. jejuni infections in animals or humans. the intestinal mucosal barrier is composed of a polarized epithelium covered by a thick adherent mucus gel layer. there is a requirement for cell culture assays of infe ...201727885604
methods to study campylobacter jejuni adherence to and invasion of host epithelial cells.measuring bacterial adherence and invasion of cells in vitro has enabled researchers to dissect the interactions of campylobacter jejuni with eukaryotic cells. numerous c. jejuni virulence determinants and host cell factors that contribute to the process of adherence, invasion, and immune modulation have been identified utilizing in vitro adherence and invasion assays. in this chapter, we describe the evaluation of c. jejuni adherence to and invasion of hela cells using the gentamicin-protection ...201727885603
methods to assess the direct interaction of c. jejuni with mucins.studies of the interaction of bacteria with mucus-secreting cells can be complemented at a more mechanistic level by exploring the interaction of bacteria with purified mucins. here we describe a far western blotting approach to show how c. jejuni proteins separated by sds page and transferred to a membrane or slot blotted directly onto a membrane can be probed using biotinylated mucin. in addition we describe the use of novel mucin microarrays to assess bacterial interactions with mucins in a h ...201727885602
methods for initial characterization of campylobacter jejuni bacteriophages.here we describe an initial characterization of campylobacter jejuni bacteriophages by host range analysis, genome size determination by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and receptor-type identification by screening mutants for phage sensitivity.201727885601
method for the successful crystallization of the ferric uptake regulator from campylobacter jejuni.the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is a transcription factor (tf) regulating the expression of several genes to control iron levels in prokaryotes. members of this family of tfs share a common structural scaffold that typically comprises two regions that include a dna binding and dimerization domains. while this structural organization is conserved, fur proteins employ different mechanisms to bind divergent dna binding elements and regulate gene expression in the absence or presence of regulatory ...201727885600
characterization of high affinity iron acquisition systems in campylobacter jejuni.iron acquisition systems are critical for bacterial pathogenesis and thus have been proposed as attractive targets for iron-dependent pathogen control. of these systems, high-affinity iron acquisition mediated by siderophore, a small iron chelator, is the most efficient iron-scavenging mechanism in gram-negative bacteria. campylobacter does not produce any siderophores but has the ability to utilize exogenous siderophores. in particular, the enterobactin (ent)-mediated iron scavenging is tightly ...201727885599
method of peptide nucleic acid (pna)-mediated antisense inhibition of gene expression in campylobacter jejuni.peptide nucleic acid (pna) is an oligonucleotide mimic that recognizes and binds to nucleic acids. the strong binding affinity of pna to mrna coupled with its high sequence specificity enable antisense pna to selectively inhibit (i.e., knockdown) the protein synthesis of a target gene. this novel technology provides a powerful tool for campylobacter studies because molecular techniques have been relatively less well-developed for this bacterium as compared to other pathogens, such as escherichia ...201727885597
methods to study antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide and is increasingly resistant to clinically important antibiotics. detection of antibiotic resistance in c. jejuni can be performed with both phenotypic and genotypic methods. in this chapter, we describe the most commonly used molecular biology methods for detection of resistance to clinically important antibiotics. these methods can be employed in both clinical and research settings to facilitate clinical ...201727885596
methods for isolation, purification, and propagation of bacteriophages of campylobacter jejuni.here, we describe the methods for isolation, purification, and propagation of campylobacter jejuni bacteriophages from samples expected to contain high number of phages such as chicken feces. the overall steps are (1) liberation of phages from the sample material; (2) observation of plaque-forming units on c. jejuni lawns using a spot assay; (3) isolation of single plaques; (4) consecutive purification procedures; and (5) propagation of purified phages from a plate lysate to prepare master stock ...201727885595
campylobacter jejuni isolation/enumeration from environmental samples.currently, there is no universally accepted standard media or method for the recovery of campylobacter species. this is likely due to the ubiquity of the organism in nature, the complex sample matrices from which the organism is often recovered, as well as the fragile/viable-but nonculturable state the organism assumes in response to stress. the use of a sterile filter placed upon a nonselective brucella agar blood plate (bab), followed by incubation at 37 °c in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere ...201727885593
in-package inactivation of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria associated with poultry using dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma treatments.the goal of this study was to test the efficacy of in-package dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma (dbd-cp) treatment to inactivate poultry-associated spoilage (pseudomonas fluorescens) and pathogenic (salmonella enterica typhimurium, campylobacter jejuni) bacteria. liquid cultures of the bacterial isolates were sealed within packages containing ambient air (trial 1) or modified air (65% o2:30% co2:5% n2; trial 2). the packages were subjected to treatment times ranging from 30 to 180 s, and ...201727885385
genome-wide association of functional traits linked with campylobacter jejuni survival from farm to fork.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. c. jejuni lineages vary in host range and prevalence in human infection, suggesting differences in survival throughout the poultry processing chain. from 7343 mlst-characterised isolates, we sequenced 600 c. jejuni and c. coli isolates from various stages of poultry processing and clinical cases. a genome-wide association study (gwas) in c. jejuni st-21 ...201727883255
a quantitative proteomic screen of the campylobacter jejuni flagellar-dependent secretome.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. a number of factors are believed to contribute to the ability of c. jejuni to cause disease within the human host including the secretion of non-flagellar proteins via the flagellar type iii secretion system (ft3ss). here for the first time we have utilised quantitative proteomics using stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (silac), and label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc/ms) ...201727865792
identification and initial characterisation of a protein involved in campylobacter jejuni cell shape.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food borne illness. while helical cell shape is considered important for c. jejuni pathogenesis, this bacterium is capable of adopting other morphologies. to better understand how helical-shaped c. jejuni maintain their shape and thus any associated colonisation, pathogenicity or other advantage, it is first important to identify the genes and proteins involved. so far, two peptidoglycan modifying enzymes pgp1 and pgp2 have been shown to be ...201728131954
antimicrobial use for and resistance of zoonotic bacteria recovered from nonhuman primates.as a growing threat to human and animal health, antimicrobial resistance (amr) has become a central public-health topic. largescale surveillance systems, such as the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms), are now established to monitor and provide guidance regarding amr, but comprehensive literature on amr among nhp is sparse. this study provides data regarding current antimicrobial use strategies and the prevalence of amr in zoonotic bacteria recovered from nhp within biom ...201728128070
campylobacter jejuni infection of conventionally colonized mice lacking nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2.the nucleotide-binding oligomerisaton protein 2 (nod2) constitutes a pivotal sensor of bacterial muramyl dipeptide and assures expression of distinct antimicrobial peptides and mediators produced by enterocytes and immune cells directed against pathogens including campylobacter jejuni. we here elucidated the role of nod2 during murine c. jejuni infection in more detail.201728127403
complete annotated genome sequences of three campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from naturally colonized farm-raised chickens.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterially derived foodborne illness. human illness is commonly associated with the handling and consumption of contaminated poultry products. three c. jejuni strains were isolated from cecal contents of three different naturally colonized farm-raised chickens. the complete genomes of these three isolates are presented here.201728126931
myocarditis associated with campylobacter jejuni infection. 201728126233
genome-wide identification of host-segregating epidemiological markers for source attribution in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter is among the most common worldwide causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. this organism is part of the commensal microbiota of numerous host species, including livestock, and these animals constitute potential sources of human infection. molecular typing approaches, especially multilocus sequence typing (mlst), have been used to attribute the source of human campylobacteriosis by quantifying the relative abundance of alleles at seven mlst loci among isolates from animal reservoirs an ...201728115376
characterization of the dtdp-fuc3n and dtdp-qui3n biosynthetic pathways in campylobacter jejuni 81116†.the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni 81116 (penner serotype hs:6) has a class e lipooligosaccharide (los) biosynthesis locus containing 19 genes, which encode for 11 putative glycosyltransferases, 1 lipid a acyltransferase and 7 enzymes thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of dideoxyhexosamine (ddhexn) moieties. although the los outer core structure of c. jejuni 81116 is still unknown, recent mass spectrometry analyses suggest that it contains acetylated forms of two ddhexn res ...201728096310
mplex: a method for simultaneous pathogen inactivation and extraction of samples for multi-omics profiling.the continued emergence and spread of infectious agents is of great concern, and systems biology approaches to infectious disease research can advance our understanding of host-pathogen relationships and facilitate the development of new therapies and vaccines. molecular characterization of infectious samples outside of appropriate biosafety containment can take place only subsequent to pathogen inactivation. herein, we describe a modified folch extraction using chloroform/methanol that facilita ...201728091625
molecular epidemiological analysis of human- and chicken-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni in japan using next-generation sequencing.in this research, we analyzed the main sequence types (st) and st complexes of human- and chicken-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni in japan by using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). we also analyzed lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus classes (los locus classes) and the numbers of isolates carrying genes coding resistance factors against various antibiotics, and observed their relationships. st-21 complex was the main st complex in isolates from humans (n = 38) and chickens (n = 25) ...201728087306
campylobacter jejuni transducer like proteins: chemotaxis and beyond.chemotaxis, a process that mediates directional motility toward or away from chemical stimuli (chemoeffectors/ligands that can be attractants or repellents) in the environment, plays an important role in the adaptation of campylobacter jejuni to disparate niches. the chemotaxis system consists of core signal transduction proteins and methyl-accepting-domain-containing transducer like proteins (tlps). ligands binding to tlps relay a signal to chemotaxis proteins in the cytoplasm which initiate a ...201728080213
epidemiological relationships of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans and chickens in south korea.thirty-nine human isolates of campylobacter jejuni obtained from a national university hospital during 2007-2010 and 38 chicken isolates of c. jejuni were collected from poultry farms during 2009-2010 in south korea were used in this study. campylobacter genomic species and virulence-associated genes were identified by pcr. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) were performed to compare their genetic relationships. all isolates were highly resistant to cip ...201728035601
structural investigation on wlarg from campylobacter jejuni: a sugar aminotransferase.campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative bacterium that represents a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. of particular concern is the link between c. jejuni infections and the subsequent development of guillain-barré syndrome, an acquired autoimmune disorder leading to paralysis. all gram-negative bacteria contain complex glycoconjugates anchored to their outer membranes, but in most strains of c. jejuni, this lipoglycan lacks the o-antigen repeating units. recent mass spectrometry ...201728028852
evidence of campylobacter jejuni reduction in broilers with early synbiotic administration.c. jejuni is considered a food safety concern to both public health authorities and consumers since it is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. a high incidence of c. jejuni in broiler flocks is often correlated to pathogen recovery in retail poultry meat, which is the main source of human infection. in this work broiler chickens were fed with a synbiotic product mixed with conventional feed using two different administration strategies. the synbiotic was formulate ...201728390936
microbiota composition and immune responses during campylobacter jejuni infection in conventionally colonized il-10(-/-) mice lacking nucleotide oligomerization domain 2.host immune responses are pivotal for combating enteropathogenic infections. we here assessed the impact of the innate receptor nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 2 (nod2) in murine campylobacter jejuni-infection. conventionally colonized il-10(-/-) mice lacking nod2 and il-10(-/-) controls were perorally challenged with c. jejuni strain 81-176 and displayed comparable pathogenic colonization of intestines until day 14 postinfection (p.i.). whereas overall intestinal microbiota compositio ...201728386467
current and potential treatments for reducing campylobacter colonization in animal hosts and disease in humans.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacteria-derived gastroenteritis worldwide. in the developed world, campylobacter is usually acquired by consuming under-cooked poultry, while in the developing world it is often obtained through drinking contaminated water. once consumed, the bacteria adhere to the intestinal epithelium or mucus layer, causing toxin-mediated inhibition of fluid reabsorption from the intestine and invasion-induced inflammation and diarrhea. traditionally, severe or pr ...201728386253
interactions of the periplasmic binding protein ceue with fe(iii) n-licam(4-) siderophore analogues of varied linker length.bacteria use siderophores to mediate the transport of essential fe(iii) into the cell. in campylobacter jejuni the periplasmic binding protein ceue, an integral part of the fe(iii) transport system, has adapted to bind tetradentate siderophores using a his and a tyr side chain to complete the fe(iii) coordination. a series of tetradentate siderophore mimics was synthesized in which the length of the linker between the two iron-binding catecholamide units was increased from four carbon atoms (4-l ...201728383577
evaluation of usda approved antimicrobials on the reduction of salmonella and campylobacter in ground chicken frames and their effect on meat quality.the main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of usda approved antimicrobials in reducing salmonella heidelberg (s. h.) and campylobacter jejuni (c. j.) in ground chicken frames and to determine the treatment effects on total aerobic counts and meat color. six antimicrobials (0.1% peracetic acid [paa], 0.6% cetylpyridinium chloride [cpc], 0.005% sodium hypochlorite, 1.5% acidified lactic acid [ala], 0.3% propionic acid, and 0.1% lauric arginate [lae]) applied as dip treatments wer ...201728379524
nonselective bottlenecks control the divergence and diversification of phase-variable bacterial populations.phase variation occurs in many pathogenic and commensal bacteria and is a major generator of genetic variability. a putative advantage of phase variation is to counter reductions in variability imposed by nonselective bottlenecks during transmission. genomes of campylobacter jejuni, a widespread food-borne pathogen, contain multiple phase-variable loci whose rapid, stochastic variation is generated by hypermutable simple sequence repeat tracts. these loci can occupy a vast number of combinatoria ...201728377533
key role of capsular polysaccharide in the induction of systemic infection and abortion by hypervirulent campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen, and a hypervirulent strain, named clone sa, has recently emerged as the predominant cause of ovine abortion in the united states. to induce abortion, orally ingested campylobacter must translocate across the intestinal epithelium, spread systemically in the circulation, and reach the fetoplacental tissue. bacterial factors involved in these steps are not well understood. c. jejuni is known to produce capsular polysaccharide (cps), but the specific rol ...201728373351
characterisation by multilocus sequence and pora and flaa typing of campylobacter jejuni isolated from samples of dog faeces collected in one city in new zealand.to investigate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. and c. jejuni in dog faecal material collected from dog walkways in the city of palmerston north, new zealand, and to characterise the c. jejuni isolates by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and pora and flaa antigen gene typing.201728372482
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