Publications

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dissemination of erm(b) and its associated multidrug-resistance genomic islands in campylobacter from 2013 to 2015.a total of 1372 campylobacter isolates (1107 campylobacter coli and 265 campylobacter jejuni) were obtained from 3462 samples collected from slaughterhouses and farms in three representative regions of china (shandong, guangdong, and shanghai) over three successive years (2013-2015). of these, 84 (84/1372, 6.1%) were erm(b)-positive, and all 84 positive isolates were identified as c. coli (83 chicken isolates and one swine isolate). the prevalence of erm(b) in campylobacter isolates was compared ...201728532801
prevalence of campylobacter species in wild birds of south korea.campylobacter species cause human gastrointestinal infections worldwide. they commonly inhabit intestines of avian species including wild birds. they might play a role in the spread of infections to humans and other bird species. the prevalence of campylobacter species in 2164 faecal samples of wild birds (representing 71 species and 28 families) captured across the korean peninsula was evaluated in this study. the overall prevalence was 15.3% (332/2164). bird species belonging to the family cha ...201728503965
novel sampling method for assessing human-pathogen interactions in the natural environment using boot socks and citizen scientists, with application to campylobacter seasonality.this paper introduces a novel method for sampling pathogens in natural environments. it uses fabric boot socks worn over walkers' shoes to allow the collection of composite samples over large areas. wide-area sampling is better suited to studies focusing on human exposure to pathogens (e.g., recreational walking). this sampling method is implemented using a citizen science approach: groups of three walkers wearing boot socks undertook one of six routes, 40 times over 16 months in the north west ...201728500040
identification and differentiation of campylobacter species by high-resolution melting curve analysis.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the important food-born zoonotic pathogen, also are leading causes of human food borne illnesses worldwide. cadf gene is expressed in all c. jejuni and c. coli strains and mediates cell binding to the cell matrix protein, fibronectin. high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis is emerging as an efficient and robust method for discriminating dna sequence variants. the goal of this study was to apply hrm analysis to identification of c. jejuni and c. col ...201728478199
simultaneous identification of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari with smartcycler-based multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction.consumption of campylobacter contaminated food or water is a leading cause of human acute gastroenteritis. campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari account for over 95% of total campylobacter infections. a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for simultaneous identification of c. jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari was developed for use with the smartcycler ii system.201728440688
the current state of macrolide resistance in campylobacter spp.: trends and impacts of resistance mechanisms.campylobacter spp., especially campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, are leading bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. in the united states, an estimated 0.8 million cases of campylobacteriosis occur annually, mostly involving c. jejuni campylobacteriosis is generally self-limiting, but in severe cases, treatment with antibiotics may be mandated. the increasing incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter has rendered macrolides such as erythromycin and azithromycin the drugs of choic ...201728411226
emergence of a plasmid-borne multidrug resistance gene cfr(c) in foodborne pathogen campylobacter.to identify and characterize a novel cfr variant that recently emerged and confers multidrug resistance in campylobacter , a major foodborne pathogen.201728186558
campylobacter fetus impairs barrier function in ht-29/b6 cells through focal tight junction alterations and leaks.infections by campylobacter species are the most common foodborne zoonotic disease worldwide. campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are isolated most frequently from human stool samples, but severe infections by c. fetus (cf), which can cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and abortion, are also found. this study aims at the characterization of pathological changes in cf infection using an intestinal epithelial cell model. the cf-induced epithelial barrier defects appeared earlier than those of avian c ...201728662272
methylation-dependent dna discrimination in natural transformation of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, is naturally competent. like many competent organisms, c. jejuni restricts the dna that can be used for transformation to minimize undesirable changes in the chromosome. although c. jejuni can be transformed by c. jejuni-derived dna, it is poorly transformed by the same dna propagated in escherichia coli or produced with pcr. our work indicates that methylation plays an important role in marking dna for transformation. we have i ...201728855338
cleaning and disinfection programs against campylobacter jejuni for broiler chickens: productive performance, microbiological assessment and characterization.detailed cleaning and disinfection programs aims to reduce infection pressure from microorganisms from one flock to the next. however, studies evaluating the benefits to poultry performance, the sanitary status of the facilities, and the sanitary quality of the meat are rarely found. thus, this study was designed to evaluate 2 cleaning and disinfecting programs regarding their influence on productive performance, elimination of campylobacter, and characterization of campylobacter jejuni strains ...201728854757
campylobacter jejuni vertebral osteomyelitis. 201728845786
evaluation of primitive ground water supplies as a risk factor for the development of major waterborne zoonosis in egyptian children living in rural areas.endemic waterborne zoonosis frequently occurs in both developed and less developed countries. thus, bio-surveillance of waterborne zoonosis is a "necessity" for the implementation of effective preventive public health measures in egyptian rural areas. the primitive individual water supplies created by the rural agriculture population, primarily from ground water, usually maximize the customers' exposure to impurity pathogens via diffused humans and animal excreta or wastages. the current study a ...201728843417
pet-associated campylobacteriosis: a persisting public health concern.campylobacter is regarded as a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states. we report on a case of laboratory-confirmed campylobacter jejuni infection in the commonwealth of pennsylvania among members of a household living with a laboratory-confirmed but non-speciated campylobacter-infected puppy. we describe an outbreak of likely dog-associated campylobacteriosis, the risk factors, potential routes of exposure and the clinical features in the exposed family members, wh ...201728834267
total synthesis of β-d-ido-heptopyranosides related to capsular polysaccharides of campylobacter jejuni hs:4.the 6-deoxy-β-d-ido-heptopyranoside related to the capsular polysaccharides of c. jejuni hs:4 is very remarkable, owing to the unique, multifaceted structural features that have been combined into one molecule, which include (1) the rare ido-configuration, (2) the unusual 7-carbon backbone, and (3) the challenging β-(1→2)-cis-anomeric configuration. two distinct strategies toward the total synthesis of this interesting target are reported. the first involved establishment of the β-d-idopyranosyl ...201728809484
the influence of the gut microbiota composition on campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni)-host-interaction may be affected by the host's gut microbiota through competitive exclusion, metabolites or modification of the immune response. to understand this interaction c. jejuni colonization and local immune responses were compared in chickens with different gut microbiota composition. birds were treated with an antibiotic cocktail (at) (experiment 1 and 2) or raised under germ-free (gf) conditions (experiment 3). at 18 days post hatch (dph), they were ei ...201728808158
essential genome of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter species are a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness worldwide. despite the global efforts to curb them, campylobacter infections have increased continuously in both developed and developing countries. the development of effective strategies to control the infection by this pathogen is warranted. the essential genes of bacteria are the most prominent targets for this purpose. in this study, we used transposon sequencing (tn-seq) of a genome-saturating library of tn5 insertion ...201728806924
transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced guillain barré syndrome autoantibody responses after campylobacter jejuni infection in c57bl/6 mice.campylobacter jejuni is the leading antecedent infection to the autoimmune neuropathy guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), which is accompanied by an autoimmune anti-ganglioside antibody attack on peripheral nerves. previously, we showed that contrasting immune responses mediate c. jejuni induced colitis and autoimmunity in interleukin-10 (il-10)-deficient mice, dependent upon the infecting strain. strains from colitis patients elicited t helper 1 (th1)-dependent inflammatory responses while strains f ...201728789710
cftr reduces microtubule-dependent campylobacter jejuni invasion.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is gastroenteritis inducible food-born pathogen. invasion and adhesion process are essential for leading gastroenteritis in c. jejuni infection process. as against bacterial strategy for efficacy invasion and adhesion, mucosal layer play a key role in defense systems, which modulated by several ion channels and transporters mediated water flux on the intestine. cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) play the main role in waterfulux in intestin ...201728784926
animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western kenya: a matched case-control study.diarrheal disease remains among the leading causes of global mortality in children younger than 5 years. exposure to domestic animals may be a risk factor for diarrheal disease. the objectives of this study were to identify animal-related exposures associated with cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (msd) in children in rural western kenya, and to identify the major zoonotic enteric pathogens present in domestic animals residing in the homesteads of case and control children.201728783751
whole-genome sequencing of campylobacter jejuni isolated from danish routine human stool samples reveals surprising degree of clustering.outbreaks of campylobacter are traditionally considered to be rare, however rather than being the true nature of the disease, this may reflect our present inability to detect them. the aim of this study was to determine the genetic and epidemiological degree of clustering among campylobacter jejuni isolates from danish patients.201728782648
intrinsic and extrinsic aspects on campylobacter jejuni biofilms.biofilm represents a way of life that allows greater survival of microorganisms in hostile habitats. campylobacter jejuni is able to form biofilms in vitro and on surfaces at several points in the poultry production chain. genetic determinants related to their formation are expressed differently between strains and external conditions are decisive in this respect. our approach combines phylogenetic analysis and the presence of seven specific genes linked to biofilm formation in association with ...201728769900
lactobacillus fermentum 3872 as a potential tool for combatting campylobacter jejuni infections.due to the global spread of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria, alternative approaches in combating infectious diseases are required. one such approach is the use of probiotics. lactobacillus fermentum 3872 is a promising probiotic bacterium producing a range of antimicrobial compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid. in addition, previous studies involving genome sequencing and analysis of l. fermentum 3872 allowed the identification of a gene encoding a cell surface protein ref ...201728766992
campylobacter jejuni impairs sodium transport and epithelial barrier function via cytokine release in human colon.campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of foodborne bacterial enteritis worldwide. patients present with diarrhea and immune responses lead to complications like arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome. although studies exist in animal and cell models, we aimed at a functional and structural characterization of intestinal dysfunction and the involved regulatory mechanisms in human colon. first, in patients' colonic biopsies, sodium malabsorption was identified as an important diarrheal ...201728766554
structures and transport dynamics of a campylobacter jejuni multidrug efflux pump.resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux pumps are integral membrane proteins that catalyze the export of substrates across cell membranes. within the hydrophobe-amphiphile efflux subfamily, these resistance-nodulation-cell division proteins largely form trimeric efflux pumps. the drug efflux process has been proposed to entail a synchronized motion between subunits of the trimer to advance the transport cycle, leading to the extrusion of drug molecules. here we use x-ray crystallography and s ...201728761097
molecular dynamics simulations of quinolone resistance-associated t86i and p104s mutations in campylobacter jejuni gyra: unraveling structural repercussions.gyra is a clinically validated therapeutic drug target that catalyzes changes in dna topology by introducing negative supercoils into dna. the broad-spectrum quinolones are hitherto the most potent antibacterial agents targeted toward gyra. increasing resistance to quinolones is accompanied by several mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyra. in the present study, we report a comprehensive picture of the dynamic behavior of wild-type, t86i, and t86i/p104s mutants (mts) of ...201728759328
guillain-barré syndrome complicating dengue fever: two case reports.guillain-barré syndrome is a rare neurological manifestation associated with dengue infection. more common antecedent infections include campylobacter jejuni and cytomegalovirus infection. here, we report two cases of guillain-barré syndrome complicating dengue infection.201728757747
population structure and attribution of human clinical campylobacter jejuni isolates from central europe to livestock and environmental sources.campylobacter jejuni is among the most prevalent causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. domesticated animals and, especially, chicken meat are considered to be the main sources of infections. however, the contribution of surface waters and wildlife in c. jejuni transmission to humans is not well understood. we have evaluated the source attribution potential of a six-gene multiplex pcr (mpcr) method coupled with structure analysis on a set of 410 c. jejuni strains isolated from envi ...201728755449
absence of nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2 is associated with less distinct disease in campylobacter jejuni infected secondary abiotic il-10 deficient mice.human campylobacter jejuni-infections are progressively increasing worldwide. despite their high prevalence and socioeconomic impact the underlying mechanisms of pathogen-host-interactions are only incompletely understood. given that the innate immune receptor nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2 (nod2) is involved in clearance of enteropathogens, we here evaluated its role in murine campylobacteriosis. to address this, we applied nod2-deficient il-10(-/-) (nod2(-/-) il-10(-/-)) mice and il-10(-/ ...201728752081
complete genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni atcc 35925.here, we report the complete genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni atcc 35925, an avian isolate from sweden. the genome gives insight into the atcc 35925 strain's remarkable ability to tolerate copper and its permissiveness to plasmid transformation.201728751407
acute pancreatitis caused by campylobacter jejuni in a child with cystic fibrosis. 201728751082
in vitro characteristics of lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from the chicken digestive tract and their role in the inhibition of campylobacter colonization.campylobacter jejuni/coli infections are the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illnesses in humans. many epidemiological studies indicate that improperly prepared meat from chickens that carry a high load of campylobacter in their intestinal tracts is the key source of human infections. lab, mainly members of the lactococcus and lactobacillus genera, increasingly have been tested as vehicles for the delivery of heterologous bacterial or viral antigens to animal mucosal immune systems. thus, t ...201728736979
a genome-wide association study to identify diagnostic markers for human pathogenic campylobacter jejuni strains.campylobacter jejuni is a leading human enteric pathogen worldwide and despite an improved understanding of its biology, ecology, and epidemiology, limited tools exist for identifying strains that are likely to cause disease. in the current study, we used subtyping data in a database representing over 24,000 isolates collected through various surveillance projects in canada to identify 166 representative genomes from prevalent c. jejuni subtypes for whole genome sequencing. the sequence data was ...201728713351
grape pomace improves performance, antioxidant status, fecal microbiota and meat quality of piglets.in the present study, grape pomace (gp) was used as feed additive in the diet of weaned piglets in order to develop innovative feedstuffs and to investigate their potential beneficial effects on welfare, productivity and meat quality. for examining the antioxidant capacity of the experimental feeds, 24 piglets of 20 days old were assigned to two experimental groups receiving standard or experimental diet for 30 days. blood and tissues collections were performed at four different time-points, 2, ...201728712376
the molecular mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical campylobacter jejuni and their genotyping characteristics in beijing, china.we assessed the susceptibility of 182 campylobacter jejuni isolates from patients with diarrhea to eight antibiotics and analyzed the molecular mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance as well as the genetic characteristics based on multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the c257t mutation was found on the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of the gyra gene in all ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. mutations on the qrdr of the gyrb gene were silent. a total of 74 strains had 7 inverted repea ...201728696791
from the gut to the heart: campylobacter jejuni enteritis leading to myopericarditis.campylobacter jejuni enteritis is the most common enteric infection in the developed world. although rare, pericarditis and myopericarditis have been increasingly documented as complications following campylobacteriosis. the present paper implicates that myopericarditis and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy following campylobacter jejuni infection might be more prevalent than initially thought and perhaps underreported so far. therefore, it is imperative to perform the appropriate initial diagnostic t ...201728690959
small intestinal pro-inflammatory immune responses following campylobacter jejuni infection of secondary abiotic il-10(-/-) mice lacking nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2.host immune responses are crucial for combating enteropathogenic infections including campylobacter jejuni. within 1 week following peroral c. jejuni infection, secondary abiotic il-10(-/-) mice develop severe immunopathological sequelae affecting the colon (ulcerative enterocolitis). in the present study, we addressed whether pathogen-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses could also be observed in the small intestines dependent on the innate receptor nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-protei ...201728690881
β-resorcylic acid, a phytophenolic compound, reduces campylobacter jejuni in postharvest poultry.human campylobacter infections, a leading foodborne illness globally, has been linked with the high prevalence of this bacterium on raw retail chicken products. reduction of campylobacter counts on poultry products would greatly reduce the risk of subsequent infections in humans. to this end, this study investigated the potential of the phytophenolic compound β-resorcylic acid (br) to reduce campylobacter counts on postharvest poultry (chicken skin or meat). four trials in total, two each on thi ...201728686495
role of eptc in biofilm formation by campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 on polystyrene and glass surfaces.the complex roles of cell surface modification in the biofilm formation of campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of worldwide foodborne diarrheal disease, are poorly understood. in a screen of mutants from random transposon mutagenesis, an insertional mutation in eptc gene (cj0256) resulted in a significant decrease in c. jejuni nctc11168 biofilm formation (<20%) on major food contact surfaces, such as polystyrene and borosilicate glass, compared with wild-type cells (p < 0.05). in c. jejuni strai ...201728683522
speciation trajectories in recombining bacterial species.it is generally agreed that bacterial diversity can be classified into genetically and ecologically cohesive units, but what produces such variation is a topic of intensive research. recombination may maintain coherent species of frequently recombining bacteria, but the emergence of distinct clusters within a recombining species, and the impact of habitat structure in this process are not well described, limiting our understanding of how new species are created. here we present a model of bacter ...201728671999
importance of campylobacter jejuni flis and fliw in flagella biogenesis and flagellin secretion.flagella-driven motility enables bacteria to reach their favorable niche within the host. the human foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni produces two heavily glycosylated structural flagellins (flaa and flab) that form the flagellar filament. it also encodes the non-structural flac flagellin which is secreted through the flagellum and has been implicated in host cell invasion. the mechanisms that regulate c. jejuni flagellin biogenesis and guide the proteins to the export apparatus are differ ...201728659885
effects of dry whey powder and calcium butyrate supplementation of corn/soybean-based diets on productive performance, duodenal histological integrity, and campylobacter colonization in broilers.campylobacter is the main cause of gastroenteritis in humans in industrialized countries, and poultry is its principal reservoir and source of human infections. dietary supplementation of broiler feed with additives could improve productive performance and elicit health benefits that might reduce campylobacter contamination during primary production. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with whey (a prebiotic) and calcium butyrate (a salt of a short-chain fat ...201728651615
discovery of a glutamine kinase required for the biosynthesis of the o-methyl phosphoramidate modifications found in the capsular polysaccharides of campylobacter jejuni.bacterial capsular polysaccharides (cps) are complex carbohydrate structures that play a role in the overall fitness of the organism. campylobacter jejuni, known for being a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, produces a cps with a unique o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) modification on specific sugar residues. the formation of p-n bonds in nature is relatively rare, and the pathway for the assembly of the phosphoramidate moiety in the cps of c. jejuni is unknown. in this investi ...201728650156
hydroxylamine-induced oxidation of ferrous carbonylated truncated hemoglobins from mycobacterium tuberculosis and campylobacter jejuni is limited by carbon monoxide dissociation.hydroxylamine (ha) is an oxidant of ferrous globins and its action has been reported to be inhibited by co, even though this mechanism has not been clarified. here, kinetics of the ha-mediated oxidation of ferrous carbonylated mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobin n and o (mt-trhbn(ii)-co and mt-trhbo(ii)-co, respectively) and campylobacter jejuni truncated hemoglobin p (cj-trhbp(ii)-co), at ph 7.2 and 20.0 °c, are reported. mixing mt-trhbn(ii)-co, mt-trhbo(ii)-co, and cj-trhbp(ii)-co ...201728646425
cytolethal distending toxin enhances radiosensitivity in prostate cancer cells by regulating autophagy.cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) produced by campylobacter jejuni contains three subunits: cdta, cdtb, and cdtc. among these three toxin subunits, cdtb is the toxic moiety of cdt with dnase i activity, resulting in dna double-strand breaks (dsb) and, consequently, cell cycle arrest at the g2/m stage and apoptosis. radiation therapy is an effective modality for the treatment of localized prostate cancer (pca). however, patients often develop radioresistance. owing to its particular biochemical p ...201728642840
recurrent campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia: a case report.although some cases of recurrent bacteremia due to campylobacter jejuni have been reported in immunocompromised patients, antibiotic treatment strategies to eradicate c. jejuni and prevent recurrent infections in immunocompromised patients have not been established. authors' experience of such rare cases should be shared for improving patients' outcomes.201728640123
campylobacter jejuni myocarditis: a journey from the gut to the heart.campylobacter jejuni is an unusual cause of myocarditis and could easily be missed.201728634541
draft genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni cam970 and c. coli cam962, associated with a large outbreak of foodborne illness in fukuoka, japan, in 2016.here, we report the draft genome sequences of campylobacter jejuni cam970 and c. coli cam962, which were associated with a large outbreak of foodborne illness originating from undercooked chicken sushi in fukuoka, japan, in may 2016. their genome sizes were 1,690,901 and 1,704,736 bp, with 22 and 23 rrnas, 9 and 9 trnas, and 411× and 419× coverage for c. jejuni cam970 and c. coli cam962, respectively.201728619796
isolation and characterization of a non-specific lipid transfer protein from chelidonium majus l. latex.plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are small basic proteins, which mostly play a role in intracellular lipid transport and antimicrobial defense. recently it was shown using shotgun proteomic approach that the whole plant extract of chelidonium majus l. (papaveraceae) contains relatively abundant nsltps. therefore the aim of the work was to isolate and characterize nsltp from c. majus latex. results obtained using pcr approach with degenerate primers showed the presence of nsltp ...201728619636
mlst genotypes of campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler products, dairy cattle and human campylobacteriosis cases in lithuania.campylobacter (c.) jejuni is the leading cause of human campylobacteriosis worldwide. we performed a molecular epidemiological study to investigate the genetic relationship among c. jejuni strains isolated from human diarrhoeal patients, broiler products and dairy cattle in lithuania.201728619013
differential survival of hyper-aerotolerant campylobacter jejuni under different gas conditions.campylobacter jejuni accounts for a significant number of foodborne illnesses around the world. c. jejuni is microaerophilic and typically does not survive efficiently in oxygen-rich conditions. we recently reported that hyper-aerotolerant (hat) c. jejuni are highly prevalent in retail poultry meat. to assess the capabilities of hat c. jejuni in foodborne transmission and infection, in this study, we investigated the prevalence of virulence genes in hat c. jejuni and the survival in poultry meat ...201728611753
rnaseq reveals complex response of campylobacter jejuni to ovine bile and in vivo gallbladder environment.colonization of the gallbladder by enteric pathogens such as salmonella typhi, listeria monocytogenes, and campylobacter jejuni is thought to play a key role in transmission and persistence of these important zoonotic agents; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that allow for bacterial survival within this harsh environment. recently, a highly virulent c. jejuni sheep abortion (sa) clone represented by the clinical isolate ia3902 has emerged as the dominant cause for sheep ab ...201728611744
campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in a liver cirrhosis patient and review of literature: a case study.campylobacter infection causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain or diarrhea. occasionally, campylobacter bacteremia affects immunocompromised patients; however, serious outcomes are known to be rare. here, we present a case of a patient with campylobacter bacteremia who had underlying liver cirrhosis. the patient had fever and diarrhea. these symptoms subsided after treatment with cefotaxime. campylobacter jejuni was isolated in the blood culture after 10 days. in addition, previ ...201728608661
phage exposure causes dynamic shifts in the expression states of specific phase-variable genes of campylobacter jejuni.phase variation (pv) creates phenotypic heterogeneity at high frequencies and in a reversible manner. this phenomenon allows bacteria to adapt to a variety of different environments and selective pressures. in campylobacterjejuni this reversible adaptive process is mediated by mutations in homopolymeric g/c tracts. many c. jejuni-specific phages are dependent on phase-variable surface structures for successful infection. we previously identified the capsular polysaccharide (cps) moiety, meopn-ga ...201728597819
towards diagnostic metagenomics of campylobacter in fecal samples.the development of diagnostic metagenomics is driven by the need for universal, culture-independent methods for detection and characterization of pathogens to substitute the time-consuming, organism-specific, and often culture-based laboratory procedures for epidemiological source-tracing. some of the challenges in diagnostic metagenomics are, that it requires a great next-generation sequencing depth and unautomated data analysis.201728595575
immune responses upon campylobacter jejuni infection of secondary abiotic mice lacking nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2.campylobacter jejuni infections are of rising importance worldwide. given that innate immune receptors including nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2 (nod2) are essentially involved in combating enteropathogenic infections, we here surveyed the impact of nod2 in murine campylobacteriosis.201728592996
generation of the membrane potential and its impact on the motility, atp production and growth in campylobacter jejuni.the generation of a membrane potential (δψ), the major constituent of the proton motive force (pmf), is crucial for atp synthesis, transport of nutrients and flagellar rotation. campylobacter jejuni harbors a branched electron transport chain, enabling respiration with different electron donors and acceptors. here, we demonstrate that a relatively high δψ is only generated in the presence of either formate as electron donor or oxygen as electron acceptor, in combination with an acceptor/donor re ...201728586527
confirmed identification and toxin profiling of campylobacter jejuni using a thermostabilized multiplex pcr formulation.cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) producing campylobacter jejuni species are one of the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. the main intent of the study was to develop a multiplex pcr assay for the confirmed identification and toxin profiling of c. jejuni. the genes targeted were rpo b as genus specific, hip o for species; cdt a, cdt b, cdt c encoding respective subunit proteins of cdt with internal amplification control (iac). to enhance its application as a pre-mixed ready-to-us ...201728574617
pathogen-induced ubiquitin-editing enzyme a20 bifunctionally shuts off nf-κb and caspase-8-dependent apoptotic cell death.the human pathogen helicobacter pylori infects more than half of the world's population and is a paradigm for persistent yet asymptomatic infection but increases the risk for chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma. for successful colonization, h. pylori needs to subvert the host cell death response, which serves to confine pathogen infection by killing infected cells and preventing malignant transformation. infection of gastric epithelial cells by h. pylori provokes direct and fast activat ...201728574503
profiling of campylobacter jejuni proteome in exponential and stationary phase of growth.campylobacter jejuni has been reported as a major cause of bacterial food-borne enteritides in developed countries during the last decade. despite its fastidious growth requirements, including low level of oxygen and high level of co2, this pathogen is able to persist in the environment without permanent loss of its viability and virulence. as c. jejuni is not able to multiply outside a host, the cells spend significant amount of time in stationary phase of growth. the entry into the stationary ...201728572800
[infection due to mycobacterium bovis in common variable immunodeficiency].common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is an heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired antibody production. it shows a wide spectrum of manifestations including severe and recurrent respiratory infections (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus) and gastrointestinal (campylobacter jejuni, rotavirus and giardia lamblia). viral infections caused by herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and hepatitis c are rare. the opportunistic agents such as cmv, pneumocystis jirovecii, cryptococ ...201725758115
etiology of diarrhea, nutritional outcomes, and novel intestinal biomarkers in tanzanian infants.diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but the etiology of diarrhea and its relation to nutritional outcomes in resource-limited settings is poorly defined. we sought to determine the etiology of community-acquired diarrhea in tanzanian infants and to assess the association with anthropometrics and novel intestinal biomarkers.201727347720
campylobacter bacteraemia: 16 years of experience in a single centre.campylobacter bacteraemia (cb) is rare and usually occurs in immune-compromised patients. in this study we examined the incidence and epidemiology of cb in one institution over 15.5 years.201727320494
molecular and statistical analysis of campylobacter spp. and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter carriage in wildlife and livestock from ontario farms.the objectives of this study were to (i) compare the carriage of campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter among livestock and mammalian wildlife on ontario farms, and (ii) investigate the potential sharing of campylobacter subtypes between livestock and wildlife. using data collected from a cross-sectional study of 25 farms in 2010, we assessed associations, using mixed logistic regression models, between campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter carriage and the fol ...201727460061
cluster analysis of campylobacter jejuni genotypes isolated from small and medium-sized mammalian wildlife and bovine livestock from ontario farms.using data collected from a cross-sectional study of 25 farms (eight beef, eight swine and nine dairy) in 2010, we assessed clustering of molecular subtypes of c. jejuni based on a campylobacter-specific 40 gene comparative genomic fingerprinting assay (cgf40) subtypes, using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (upgma) analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis. exact logistic regression was used to determine which genes differentiate wildlife and livestock subtypes in our stud ...201727492809
use of the potential probiotic strain lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 to control campylobacter jejuni in broilers.campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in the eu since 2005. as chicken meat is the main source of contamination, reducing the level of campylobacter in broiler chicken will lower the risk to consumers. the aim of this project was to evaluate the ability of lactobacillus salivarius smxd51 to control campylobacter jejuni in broilers and to investigate the mechanisms that could be involved. thirty broilers artificially contaminated with c. jejuni were treated ...201727432696
susceptibility of bacteria isolated from acute gastrointestinal infections to rifaximin and other antimicrobial agents in mexico.bacterial resistance may hamper the antimicrobial management of acute gastroenteritis. bacterial susceptibility to rifaximin, an antibiotic that achieves high fecal concentrations (up to 8,000μg/g), has not been evaluated in mexico.201726525276
antibacterial activities of ankaferd hemostat (abs) on shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and other pathogens significant in foodborne diseases.ankaferd hemostat (ankaferd blood stopper®, abs)-induced pharmacological modulation of essential erythroid proteins can cause vital erythroid aggregation via acting on fibrinogen gamma. topical endoscopic abs application is effective in the controlling of gastrointestinal (gi) system hemorrhages and/or infected gi wounds. escherichia coli o157:h7, the predominant serotype of enterohemorrhagic e. coli, is a cause of both outbreaks and sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis. the aim of this study i ...201726377624
growth and morbidity of gambian infants are influenced by maternal milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiota.human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) play an important role in the health of an infant as substrate for beneficial gut bacteria. little is known about the effects of hmo composition and its changes on the morbidity and growth outcomes of infants living in areas with high infection rates. mother's hmo composition and infant gut microbiota from 33 gambian mother/infant pairs at 4, 16, and 20 weeks postpartum were analyzed for relationships between hmos, microbiota, and infant morbidity and growth. t ...201728079170
the helicobacter cinaedi antigen caip participates in atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting the differentiation of macrophages in foam cells.recent studies have shown that certain specific microbial infections participate in atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation and immune reactions, but how the pathogens implicated in this pathology trigger the host responses remains unknown. in this study we show that helicobacter cinaedi (hc) is a human pathogen linked to atherosclerosis development since at least 27% of sera from atherosclerotic patients specifically recognize a protein of the hc proteome, that we named cinaedi atherosclerosis ...201728074932
differential roles of iron storage proteins in maintaining the iron homeostasis in mycobacterium tuberculosis.ferritins and bacterioferritins are iron storage proteins that represent key players in iron homeostasis. several organisms possess both forms of ferritins, however, their relative physiological roles are less understood. mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses both ferritin (bfrb) and bacterioferritin (bfra), playing an essential role in its pathogenesis as reported by us earlier. this study provides insights into the role of these two proteins in iron homeostasis by employing m. tuberculosis bfr ...201728060867
campylobacter coli infection in pet birds in southern italy.avian species are considered as the main reservoir of campylobacter spp. however, few data are available on the presence of this microorganism in pet birds. this study was therefore performed to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in pet birds bred in southern italy. faecal samples were collected from 88 cages housing different species of pet birds and examined by bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction. a total of 13.6% of the cage samples were positive for campylobacte ...201728061877
insights into the mechanistic basis of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance from crystal structures of the catalytic domain of mcr-1.the polymixin colistin is a "last line" antibiotic against extensively-resistant gram-negative bacteria. recently, the mcr-1 gene was identified as a plasmid-mediated resistance mechanism in human and animal enterobacteriaceae, with a wide geographical distribution and many producer strains resistant to multiple other antibiotics. mcr-1 encodes a membrane-bound enzyme catalysing phosphoethanolamine transfer onto bacterial lipid a. here we present crystal structures revealing the mcr-1 periplasmi ...201728059088
paprbag: a machine learning approach for the detection of novel pathogens from ngs data.the reliable detection of novel bacterial pathogens from next-generation sequencing data is a key challenge for microbial diagnostics. current computational tools usually rely on sequence similarity and often fail to detect novel species when closely related genomes are unavailable or missing from the reference database. here we present the machine learning based approach paprbag (pathogenicity prediction for bacterial genomes). paprbag overcomes genetic divergence by training on a wide range of ...201728051068
characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system.little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ...201728101086
characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system.little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ...201728101086
pathophysiology of intestinal na(+)/h(+) exchange.several members of the slc9a family of na(+)/h(+) exchangers are expressed in the gut, with varying expression patterns and cellular localization. not only do they participate in the regulation of basic epithelial cell functions, including control of transepithelial na(+) absorption, intracellular ph (ph i ), cell volume, and nutrient absorption, but also in cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. additionally, they modulate the extracellular milieu in order to facilitate other nutrien ...201728090568
biomarkers of irritable bowel syndrome.traditionally, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) has not been regarded as an organic disease, and the pathophysiology of ibs is heterogeneous. currently, the diagnosis of ibs is based upon the rome diagnostic criteria. the performance of these criteria is only modest in predicting ibs, and moreover their validation is lacking. additionally, as functional symptoms are common in the general population, healthy controls or volunteers are difficult to define and there is currently no definition of "nor ...201727817184
formate simultaneously reduces oxidase activity and enhances respiration in campylobacter jejuni.the foodborne microaerophilic pathogen, campylobacter jejuni, possesses a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and two terminal oxidases, which serve to metabolize formate and facilitate the use of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, respectively. formate, a primary energy source for c. jejuni, inhibits oxidase activity in other bacteria. here, we hypothesized that formate might affect both energy metabolism and microaerobic survival in c. jejuni. subsequently, we showed that c. jejuni 81-176 ( ...201728091524
outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with raccoon contact at a wildlife rehabilitation centre, minnesota, 2013.campylobacteriosis is an enteric illness caused by bacteria of the genus campylobacter. there are approximately 900 culture-confirmed cases of campylobacteriosis reported annually to the minnesota department of health (mdh). case patients are interviewed about risk factors, including foods eaten, recreational and drinking water exposures and animal contact. in september 2013, mdh identified two campylobacter jejuni cases who reported working at the same wildlife rehabilitation centre before illn ...201727576067
efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for neu5ac production by manipulating synthetic, degradation and transmembrane pathways.to develop a strategy for producing n-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (neu5ac), which is often synthesized from exogenous n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and pyruvate, but without using pyruvate.201727627899
the influence of dissolved oxygen level and medium on biofilm formation by campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni survival in aerobic environments has been suggested to be mediated by biofilm formation. biofilm formation by eight c. jejuni strains under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions in different broths (mueller-hinton (mh), bolton and brucella) was quantified. the dissolved oxygen (do) content of the broths under both incubation atmospheres was determined. biofilm formation for all strains was highest in mh broth under both incubation atmospheres. four strains had lower biofi ...201727697161
tlr4 and tlr21 expression, mif, ifn-β, md-2, cd14 activation, and siga production in chickens administered with efal41 strain challenged with campylobacter jejuni.the protective effect of enterococcus faecium efal41 on chicken's caecum in relation to the tlr (tlr4 and tlr21) activation and production of luminal iga challenged with campylobacter jejuni ccm6191 was assessed. the activation of mif, ifn-β, md-2 and cd14 was followed-up after bacterial infection. day-old chicks (40) were divided into four groups (n = 10): control (c), e. faecium al41 (efal41), c. jejuni (cj) and combined e. faecium al41+c. jejuni (efal41+cj). relative mrna expression of tlr4, ...201727696326
antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. isolated from an opportunistic gull species, yellow-legged gull ( larus michahellis ).wildlife is a natural reservoir of salmonella and campylobacter, the most important human foodborne pathogens worldwide. free-living birds have the potential to transport, over large distances, such zoonotic bacteria that may harbor antimicrobial resistance traits. on the northeastern iberian coast, we assessed the role of yellow-legged gulls ( larus michahellis ) as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella and thermophilic campylobacter isolates recovered from gulls at three colonie ...201727723383
anti-campylobacter activity of resveratrol and an extract from waste pinot noir grape skins and seeds, and resistance of camp. jejuni planktonic and biofilm cells, mediated via the cmeabc efflux pump.to define anti-campylobacter jejuni activity of an extract from waste skins and seeds of pinot noir grapes (gss), resveratrol and possible resistance mechanisms, and the influence of these on camp. jejuni morphology.201727709726
relaxation of dna supercoiling leads to increased invasion of epithelial cells and protein secretion by campylobacter jejuni.invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by campylobacter jejuni is a critical step during infection of the intestine by this important human pathogen. in this study we investigated the role played by dna supercoiling in the regulation of invasion of epithelial cells and the mechanism by which this could be mediated. a significant correlation between more relaxed dna supercoiling and an increased ability of c. jejuni strains to penetrate human epithelial cells was demonstrated. directly inducing ...201728019693
a proteomics assay to detect eight cbrn-relevant toxins in food.a proteomics assay was set up to analyze food substrates for eight toxins of the cbrn (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) threat, namely ricin, clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx), staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (sea, seb and sed), shigatoxins from shigella dysenteriae and entero-hemorragic escherichia coli strains (stx1 and stx2) and campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). the assay developed was based on an antibody-free sample preparation followed by b ...201728008711
campylobacteriosis in poland in 2013 and 2014evaluation of the epidemiological situation of campylobacteriosis in poland in 2013 and 2014 in comparison with the situation in the previous years.201727779836
surface proteome mining for identification of potential vaccine candidates against campylobacter jejuni: an in silico approach.campylobacter jejuni remains a major cause of human gastroenteritis with estimated annual incidence rate of 450 million infections worldwide. c. jejuni is a major burden to public health in both socioeconomically developing and industrialized nations. virulence determinants involved in c. jejuni pathogenesis are multifactorial in nature and not yet fully understood. despite the completion of the first c. jejuni genome project in 2000, there are currently no vaccines in the market against this pa ...201727778110
antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter in organically and conventionally raised layer chickens.poultry is a major source of campylobacter, which can cause foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. additionally, poultry-associated campylobacter can develop resistance to important antimicrobials, which increases the risk to public health. while broiler chickens have been the focus of many studies, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter on layer farms has not received equal attention. however, the growing popularity of cage-free and organic layer farming necessitates a c ...201727768387
compliance/non-compliance with biosecurity rules specified in the danish quality assurance system (kik) and campylobacter-positive broiler flocks 2012 and 2013.one source for campylobacter jejuni infections in humans could be consumption of broiler meat. transmission of campylobacter into broiler houses/flocks occurs via many routes. a number of biosecurity rules is specified in the quality assurance system in danish chicken production (kik) - for which the broiler producers annually are audited for compliance with, by bureau veritas. multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigated the association between compliance/non-compliance wi ...201727838611
microbial quality of reclaimed water for urban reuses: probabilistic risk-based investigation and recommendations.although canada has abundant freshwater resources, many cities still experience seasonal water shortage. supply-side and demand-side management is a core strategy to address this water shortage. under this strategy, reclaimed water, which the canadian public is willing to use for non-potable purposes, is an option. however, no universal guidelines exist for reclaimed water use. despite the federal government's long-term goal to develop guidelines for many water reuse applications, guidelines hav ...201727810759
clinical microbiology laboratories' adoption of culture-independent diagnostic tests is a threat to foodborne-disease surveillance in the united states.introductionin november 2015, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) sent a letter to state and territorial epidemiologists, state and territorial public health laboratory directors, and state and territorial health officials. in this letter, culture-independent diagnostic tests (cidts) for detection of enteric pathogens were characterized as "a serious and current threat to public health surveillance, particularly for shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and salmonella" t ...201727795338
tannerella forsythia strains display different cell-surface nonulosonic acids: biosynthetic pathway characterization and first insight into biological implications.tannerella forsythia is an anaerobic, gram-negative periodontal pathogen. a unique o-linked oligosaccharide decorates the bacterium's cell surface proteins and was shown to modulate the host immune response. in our study, we investigated the biosynthesis of the nonulosonic acid (nulo) present at the terminal position of this glycan. a bioinformatic analysis of t. forsythia genomes revealed a gene locus for the synthesis of pseudaminic acid (pse) in the type strain atcc 43037 while strains fdc 92 ...201727986835
feed can be a source of campylobacter jejuni infection in broilers.1. the aim was to determine the importance of a contaminated diet as a possible cause of campylobacter jejuni infection in broilers. 2. this study evaluated the viability of c. jejuni in both starter and finisher diets and the interference from other mesophilic bacteria in this viability. 3. starter and finisher samples of broiler diet were deliberately contaminated with 3 or 5 log cfu·g(-1) of c. jejuni (nctc 11351) and then maintained at two different storage temperatures (25°c or 37°c) for 3 ...201727977299
guillain barré syndrome is induced in non-obese diabetic (nod) mice following campylobacter jejuni infection and is exacerbated by antibiotics.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis linked to several serious autoimmune sequelae such as the peripheral neuropathies guillain barré syndrome (gbs) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs). we hypothesized that gbs and mfs can result in nod wild type (wt) mice or their congenic interleukin (il)-10 or b7-2 knockouts secondary to c. jejuni infection. mice were gavaged orally with c. jejuni strains hb93-13 and 260.94 from patients with gbs or cf93-6 from a patient with mfs ...201727939129
epidemiological and serological investigation of a waterborne campylobacter jejuni outbreak in a danish town.following an unusually heavy rainfall in june 2009, a community-wide outbreak of campylobacter gastroenteritis occurred in a small danish town. the outbreak investigation consisted of (1) a cohort study using an e-questionnaire of disease determinants, (2) microbiological study of stool samples, (3) serological study of blood samples from cases and asymptomatic members of case households, and (4) environmental analyses of the water distribution system. the questionnaire study identified 163 case ...201727903324
campylobacter jejuni strains coresistant to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in patients with gastroenteritis in croatia().antibiotic-resistant campylobacter jejuni strains are rapidly emerging worldwide. here, we aimed to determine the antibiotic-resistance patterns and genetic structure of c. jejuni from stool samples of symptomatic patients in dalmatia, the largest croatian county.201727900889
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis: case report and review of the literature.we describe a case of a 25-year-old male with a diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) following infection with campylobacter jejuni, which is implicated in various human pathologies regarding the central nervous system (cns) with acute course like guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), miller-fisher syndrome (mfs), bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (bee), acute transverse myelitis (atm) as well as adem. these conditions are caused by cross-reactivity between campylobacter's epitope ...201727888275
generation and screening of an insertion sequencing-compatible mutant library of campylobacter jejuni.the advent of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled experimental approaches to characterize large, complex populations of dna molecules with high resolution. included among these are methods to assess populations of transposon insertion libraries for the fitness cost of any particular mutant allele after applying selection to a population. these approaches have proven invaluable for identifying genetic factors that influence survival of bacterial pathogens within different environmen ...201727885613
analyzing prokaryotic rna-seq data: a case study identifying holo-fur regulated genes in campylobacter jejuni.in recent years, rna-seq has become an important method in the process of measuring gene expression in various cells and organisms. this chapter will detail all the bioinformatic steps that should be undertaken to determine differentially expressed genes from a typical rna-seq experiment. each step will be clearly explained in "non-bioinformatic" terminology so that readers embarking on rna-seq analysis will be able to understand the rationale and reasoning behind each step. moreover, the exact ...201727885612
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