Publications

pollination reservoirs in lowbush blueberry (ericales: ericaceae).	pollinator-dependent agriculture heavily relies upon a single pollinator-the honey bee. to diversify pollination strategies, growers are turning to alternatives. densely planted reservoirs of pollen- and nectar-rich flowers (pollination reservoirs, hereafter "prs") may improve pollination services provided by wild bees. our focal agroecosystem, lowbush blueberry (vaccinium angustifolium aiton), exists in a simple landscape uniquely positioned to benefit from prs. first, we contrast bee visitatio ...	2017	28069631
a swarm of bee research.		2017	28068337
royal jelly ameliorates diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance by promoting brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice.	identification of thermogenic food ingredients is potentially a useful strategy for the prevention of obesity and related metabolic disorders. it has been reported that royal jelly (rj) supplementation improves insulin sensitivity; however, its impacts on energy expenditure and adiposity remain elusive. we investigated anti-obesity effects of rj supplementation and their relation to physical activity levels and thermogenic capacities of brown (bat) and white adipose tissue (wat).	2017	28089395
pre-hospital treatment of bee and wasp induced anaphylactic reactions: a retrospective study.	bee and wasp stings are among the most common triggers of anaphylaxis in adults representing around 20% of fatal anaphylaxis from any cause. data of pre-hospital treatment of bee and wasp induced anaphylactic reactions are sparse. this study aimed to estimate the incidence of bee and wasp induced anaphylactic reactions, the severity of the reactions and to correlate the pre-hospital treatment with the severity of the anaphylactic reaction.	2017	28088250
quantifying exposure of wild bumblebees to mixtures of agrochemicals in agricultural and urban landscapes.	the increased use of pesticides has caused concern over the possible direct association of exposure to combinations of these compounds with bee health problems. there is growing proof that bees are regularly exposed to mixtures of agrochemicals, but most research has been focused on managed bees living in farmland, whereas little is known about exposure of wild bees, both in farmland and urban habitats. to determine exposure of wild bumblebees to pesticides in agricultural and urban environments ...	2017	28087090
influence of varroa mite (varroa destructor) management practices on insecticide sensitivity in the honey bee (apis mellifera).	since varroa mites may cause devastating losses of honey bees through direct feeding, transmitting diseases, and increasing pathogen susceptibility, chemical and mechanical practices commonly are used to reduce mite infestation. while miticide applications are typically the most consistent and efficacious varroa mite management method, miticide-induced insecticide synergism in honey bees, and the evolution of resistance in varroa mites are reasonable concerns. we treated colonies with the mitici ...	2017	28085045
a 'landscape physiology' approach for assessing bee health highlights the benefits of floral landscape enrichment and semi-natural habitats.	understanding how anthropogenic landscape alteration affects populations of ecologically- and economically-important insect pollinators has never been more pressing. in this context, the assessment of landscape quality typically relies on spatial distribution studies, but, whether habitat-restoration techniques actually improve the health of targeted pollinator populations remains obscure. this gap could be filled by a comprehensive understanding of how gradients of landscape quality influence p ...	2017	28084452
effect of varroa destructor, wounding and varroa homogenate on gene expression in brood and adult honey bees.	honey bee (apis mellifera) gene expression related to immunity for hymenoptaecin (amhym) and defensin-1 (amdef-1), longevity for vitellogenin (amvit2) and stem cell proliferation for poly u binding factor 68 kda (ampuf68) was compared following varroa destructor parasitism, buffer injection and injection of v. destructor compounds in its homogenate. in adults, v. destructor parasitism decreased expression of all four genes, while buffer injection decreased expression of amhym, ampuf68 and amvit2 ...	2017	28081188
the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid impacts upon bumblebee colony development under field conditions.	the impacts of pesticides, and in particular of neonicotinoids, on bee health remain much debated. many studies describing negative effects have been criticized as the experimental protocol did not perfectly simulate real-life field scenarios. here, we placed free-flying bumblebee colonies next to raspberry crops that were either untreated or treated with the neonicotinoid thiacloprid as part of normal farming practice. colonies were exposed to the raspberry crops for a two week period before be ...	2017	28079366
new propolis type from north-east brazil: chemical composition, antioxidant activity and botanical origin.	propolis is a bee product with wide diversity of biological activity. it has a complex composition, which is dependent on its botanical source. the present study aimed to determine the chemical profile, antioxidant activity and botanical origin of two samples of a propolis type from two locations of the state of rio grande do norte (rn, north-east brazil).	2017	28078783
why bees are so vulnerable to environmental stressors.	bee populations are declining in the industrialized world, raising concerns for the sustainable pollination of crops. pesticides, pollutants, parasites, diseases, and malnutrition have all been linked to this problem. we consider here neurobiological, ecological, and evolutionary reasons why bees are particularly vulnerable to these environmental stressors. central-place foraging on flowers demands advanced capacities of learning, memory, and navigation. however, even at low intensity levels, ma ...	2017	28111032
visual adaptations for mate detection in the male carpenter bee xylocopa tenuiscapa.	sexual dimorphism in eye structure is attributed to sexual selection in animals that employ vision for locating mates. in many male insects, large eyes and eye regions of higher acuity are believed to facilitate the location of females. here, we compare various features of male and female eyes in three sympatric carpenter bee species, which include two diurnal species (xylocopa tenuiscapa and x. leucothorax) as well as a nocturnal species (x. tranquebarica). in x. tenuiscapa, males have larger e ...	2017	28107354
immunology of bee venom.	bee venom is a blend of biochemicals ranging from small peptides and enzymes to biogenic amines. it is capable of triggering severe immunologic reactions owing to its allergenic fraction. venom components are presented to the t cells by antigen-presenting cells within the skin. these th2 type t cells then release il-4 and il-13 which subsequently direct b cells to class switch to production of ige. generating venom-specific ige and crosslinking fcεr1(s) on the surface of mast cells complete the ...	2017	28105558
revisiting greek propolis: chromatographic analysis and antioxidant activity study.	propolis is a bee product that has been extensively used in alternative medicine and recently has gained interest on a global scale as an essential ingredient of healthy foods and cosmetics. propolis is also considered to improve human health and to prevent diseases such as inflammation, heart disease, diabetes and even cancer. however, the claimed effects are anticipated to be correlated to its chemical composition. since propolis is a natural product, its composition is consequently expected t ...	2017	28103258
late onset of acute urticaria after bee stings.	here we report the cases of five patients with a late onset of acute urticaria after a bee sting. the ages of the five japanese patients ranged from 33 to 86 years (median: 61). all patients had no history of an allergic reaction to bee stings. the onset of urticaria was 6-14 days (median: 10) after a bee sting. although four of the patients did not describe experiencing a bee sting at their presentation, the subsequent examination detected anti-bee-specific ige antibodies. so, we think a histor ...	2017	28101020
support for the reproductive ground plan hypothesis in a solitary bee: links between sucrose response and reproductive status.	in social bees, foraging behaviour is correlated with reproductive status and sucrose sensitivity via endocrine pathways. this association led to the hypothesis that division of labour in social insect societies is derived from an ancestral ground plan that functions to synchronize dietary preferences with reproductive needs in solitary insects. however, the relationship between these traits is unknown for solitary bees, which represent the ancestral state of social bees. we used the proboscis e ...	2017	28100820
environment or beekeeping management: what explains better the prevalence of honey bee colonies with high levels of varroa destructor?	varroa destructor is one of the major threats to honey bee colonies. the mite abundance in the colonies is affected by environmental conditions as well as by beekeeping management. the aim of this study was to recognize the main drivers associated with autumn v. destructor infestation in honey bee colonies when different regions from argentina are compared. a total of 361 colonies distributed in five argentinean eco-regions were examined to evaluate varroa mite infestation rate during autumn and ...	2017	28095337
toxicity of new pyrethroid in pest insects ascia monuste and diaphania hyalinata, predator solenopsis saevissima and stingless bee tetragonisca angustula.	there is increasing demand for new products for vegetable pest management. thus, the aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of pyrethroids with acid moiety modifications to measure the insecticidal activity of these compounds on the lepidopteran vegetable pests diaphania hyalinata (l.) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and ascia monuste (latreille) (lepidoptera: pieridae) and evaluate their selectivity for the predatory ant solenopsis saevissima (f. smith) (hymenoptera: formicidae) and pollinator t ...	2017	28095121
molecular tracing of the origin of six different plant species in bee honey using real-time pcr.	the quality of honey is significantly influencedby floral origin. mislabeling floral species occursfrequently in beehoney products. to protectconsumers from economic fraud and maintain afair market environment, methods to identify floralspecies in honey are necessary. in our study, realtimepcrs were established, targeting six honeytypes mainly produced in china (canola, chinesemilkvetch, chinese chaste tree, locust tree, litchi,and longan). sensitivity testing on dna from planttissues exhibited ...	2017	28094000
effects of different types of virtual reality display on presence and learning in a safety training scenario.	the increasing availability of head-mounted displays (hmds) for home use motivates the study of the possible effects that adopting this new hardware might have on users. moreover, while the impact of display type has bee respectively representative of: (i) desktop vr (a standard desktop monitor), (ii) many setups for immersive vr used in the literature (an hmd with narrow field of view and a 3-dof tracker), and (iii) new setups for immersive home vr (an hmd with wide field of view and 6-dof trac ...	2017	28092563
insights into the molecular basis of long-term storage and survival of sperm in the honeybee (apis mellifera).	honeybee males produce ejaculates consisting of large numbers of high quality sperm. because queens never re-mate after a single mating episode early in life, sperm are stored in a specialised organ for years but the proximate mechanisms underlying this key physiological adaptation are unknown. we quantified energy metabolism in honeybee sperm and show that the glycolytic metabolite glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (ga3p) is a key substrate for honeybee sperm survival and energy production. this relia ...	2017	28091518
carbonic anhydrase from apis mellifera: purification and inhibition by pesticides.	carbonic anhydrase (ca) enzymes have been shown to play an important role in ion transport and in ph regulation in several organisms. despite this information and the wealth of knowledge regarding the significance of ca enzymes, few studies have been reported about bee ca enzymes and the hazardous effects of chemicals. using apis mellifera as a model, this study aimed to determine the risk of pesticides on apis mellifera carbonic anhydrase enzyme (am ca). ca was initially purified from apis mell ...	2017	28090787
expression of acetylcholinesterase 1 is associated with brood rearing status in the honey bee, apis mellifera.	acetylcholinesterase 1 (amache1) of the honey bee, apis mellifera, has been suggested to have non-neuronal functions. a systematic expression profiling of amache1 over a year-long cycle on a monthly basis revealed that amache1 was predominantly expressed in both head and abdomen during the winter months and was moderately expressed during the rainy summer months. interestingly, amache1 expression was inhibited when bees were stimulated for brood rearing by placing overwintering beehives in straw ...	2017	28045085
exploring poisonous mechanism of honeybee, apis mellifera ligustica spinola, caused by pyrethroids.	as the important intracellular secondary messengers, calcium channel is the target of many neurotoxic pesticides as calcium homeostasis in the neuroplasm play important role in neuronal functions and behavior in insects. this study investigated the effect of deltamethrin (dm) on calcium channel in the brain nerve cells of adult workers of apis mellifera ligustica spinola that were cultured in vitro. the results showed that the intracellular calcium concentration was significantly elevated even w ...	2017	28043325
potential supply of floral resources to managed honey bees in natural mistbelt forests.	honey bees play a vital role in the pollination of flowers in many agricultural systems, while providing honey through well managed beekeeping activities. managed honey bees rely on the provision of pollen and nectar for their survival and productivity. using data from field plot inventories in natural mistbelt forests, we (1) assessed the diversity and relative importance of honey bee plants, (2) explored the temporal availability of honey bee forage (nectar and pollen resources), and (3) eluci ...	2017	28038411
taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle eocene of germany.	the middle eocene messel and eckfeld localities are renowned for their excellently preserved faunas and diverse floras. here we describe for the first time pollen from insect-pollinated plants found in situ on well-preserved ancient bees using light and scanning electron microscopy. there have been 140 pollen types reported from messel and 162 pollen types from eckfeld. here we document 23 pollen types, six from messel and 18 from eckfeld (one is shared). the taxa reported here are all pollinate ...	2017	28057943
nectar secretion dynamics and honey production potentials of some major honey plants in saudi arabia.	the contribution of a bee plant species to honey production depends on the plant's nectar secretion quality and quantity, which is mainly governed by biotic and abiotic factors. the aim of the current study, was to investigate the nectar secretion dynamics and honey production potential of 14 major bee plant species of the target area. we examined the quantity and dynamics of nectar sugar per flower five times a day using a nectar sugar washing technique and direct measuring of nectar with calib ...	2017	28053589
cryo-em study of slow bee paralysis virus at low ph reveals iflavirus genome release mechanism.	viruses from the family iflaviridae are insect pathogens. many of them, including slow bee paralysis virus (sbpv), cause lethal diseases in honeybees and bumblebees, resulting in agricultural losses. iflaviruses have nonenveloped icosahedral virions containing single-stranded rna genomes. however, their genome release mechanism is unknown. here, we show that low ph promotes sbpv genome release, indicating that the virus may use endosomes to enter host cells. we used cryo-em to study a heterogene ...	2017	28053231
dynamics of weight change and temperature of apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies in a wintering building with controlled temperature.	honey bee wintering in a wintering building (indoors) with controlled microclimate is used in some cold regions to minimize colony losses due to the hard weather conditions. the behavior and possible state of bee colonies in a dark room, isolated from natural environment during winter season, was studied by indirect temperature measurements to analyze the expression of their annual rhythm when it is not affected by ambient temperature, rain, snow, wind, and daylight. thus, the observed behavior ...	2017	28053207
caste-biased gene expression in a facultatively eusocial bee suggests a role for genetic accommodation in the evolution of eusociality.	developmental plasticity may accelerate the evolution of phenotypic novelty through genetic accommodation, but studies of genetic accommodation often lack knowledge of the ancestral state to place selected traits in an evolutionary context. a promising approach for assessing genetic accommodation involves using a comparative framework to ask whether ancestral plasticity is related to the evolution of a particular trait. bees are an excellent group for such comparisons because caste-based societi ...	2017	28053060
analytical methods used in the quality control of honey.	honey is a natural sweet substance produced by bees (apis mellifera). in this work, the main parameters used in routine quality control of honey and the most commonly used analytical methods for their determination are reviewed. honey can be adulterated with cheaper sweeteners or, indirectly, by feeding the bees with sugars. therefore, methods for detecting and quantifying adulteration are necessary. chromatographic techniques are widely used in honey analysis. more recently, techniques such as ...	2017	28051308
time indices of multiphasic development in genotypes of sweet cherry are similar from dormancy to cessation of pit growth.	the archetypical double sigmoid-shaped growth curve of the sweet cherry drupe (prunus avium) does not address critical development from eco-dormancy to anthesis and has not been correlated to reproductive bud development. accurate representation of the growth and development of post-anthesis ovaries is confounded by anthesis timing, fruiting-density and the presence of unfertilized and defective ovaries whose growth differs from those that persist to maturation. these factors were addressed to a ...	2017	28064193
effect of the egyptian propolis on the hepatic antioxidant defense and pro-apoptotic p53 and anti-apoptotic bcl2 expressions in aflatoxin b1 treated male mice.	aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic due to their role in producing reactive oxygen species and consequently peroxidative damage. propolis is a honey bee product known for its antioxidant capacity. the aim of this study was to verify the antioxidant effect of the egyptian propolis extract (epe) against aflatoxin b1 (afb1)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. forty eight male mice were divided: first, second and third groups were used as control receiving saline, olive oil and epe respectively, fourth wa ...	2017	28063405
a comparison of honey bee-collected pollen from working agricultural lands using light microscopy and its metabarcoding.	taxonomic identification of pollen has historically been accomplished via light microscopy but requires specialized knowledge and reference collections, particularly when identification to lower taxonomic levels is necessary. recently, next-generation sequencing technology has been used as a cost-effective alternative for identifying bee-collected pollen; however, this novel approach has not been tested on a spatially or temporally robust number of pollen samples. here, we compare pollen identif ...	2017	28062536
propolis from southwest of parana produced by selected bees: influence of seasonality and food supplementation on antioxidant activity and phenolic profile.	propolis produced by selected bees apis mellifera were collected from march to june of 2013 and in march of 2015 and analyzed in order to evaluate the influence of climate, colony of origin, and food supplementation of colonies on the content of total phenolic and flavonoid by chromatographic analysis and antioxidant activity by radical scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (dpph) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (abts) and ferric reducing antioxidant pow ...	2017	28177054
application of analytical methods in authentication and adulteration of honey.	honey is synthesized from flower nectar and it is famous for its tremendous therapeutic potential since ancient times. many factors influence the basic properties of honey including the nectar-providing plant species, bee species, geographic area, and harvesting conditions. quality and composition of honey is also affected by many other factors, such as overfeeding of bees with sucrose, harvesting prior to maturity, and adulteration with sugar syrups. due to the complex nature of honey, it is of ...	2017	27664687
the wide distribution and change of target specificity of r2 non-ltr retrotransposons in animals.	transposons, or transposable elements, are the major components of genomes in most eukaryotes. some groups of transposons have developed target specificity that limits the integration sites to a specific nonessential sequence or a genomic region to avoid gene disruption caused by insertion into an essential gene. r2 is one of the most intensively investigated groups of sequence-specific non-ltr retrotransposons and is inserted at a specific site inside of 28s ribosomal rna (rrna) genes. r2 is kn ...	2017	27662593
toward an understanding of divergent compound eye development in drones and workers of the honeybee (apis mellifera l.): a correlative analysis of morphology and gene expression.	eye development in insects is best understood in drosophila melanogaster, but little is known for other holometabolous insects. combining a morphological with a gene expression analysis, we investigated eye development in the honeybee, putting emphasis on the sex-specific differences in eye size. optic lobe development starts from an optic lobe anlage in the larval brain, which sequentially gives rise to the lobula, medulla, and lamina. the lamina differentiates in the last larval instar, when i ...	2017	27658924
total bee dependence on one flower species despite available congeners of similar floral shape.	extreme specialization is a common phenomenon in antagonistic biotic interactions but it is quite rare in mutualistic ones. indeed, bee specialization on a single flower species (monolecty) is a questioned fact. here, we provide multiple lines of evidence on true monolecty in a solitary bee (flavipanurgus venustus, andrenidae), which is consistent across space (18 sites in sw iberian peninsula) and time (three years) despite the presence of closely related congeneric plant species whose flowers ...	2017	27658205
nutritional and mineral contents of honey extracted by centrifugation and pressed processes.	in this study, wild honey samples extracted by two different methods (centrifugation and pressed processing) were characterized and compared based on their physicochemical, and nutritional properties, macro- and micro-mineral contents, and pollen counts. twelve colonies of africanized apis mellifera were used; six honey samples were obtained by centrifugation and six by honeycomb press. all physicochemical parameters of honey samples (moisture, ph, total acidity, ash, dry matter, and qualitative ...	2017	27719904
compositional mapping of bitumen using local electrostatic force interactions in atomic force microscopy.	in recent years, many researchers have investigated bitumen surface morphology, especially the so-called bee-like structures, in an attempt to relate the chemical composition and molecular conformation to bitumen micromechanics and ultimately performance properties. even though recent studies related surface morphology and its evolution to stiffness and stress localization, the complex chemical nature of bitumen and its time- and temperature-dependent properties still engender significant questi ...	2017	27716931
monitoring of neonicotinoid pesticides in beekeeping.	the decline of pollinating species is correlated to the extensive use of neonicotinoids against pest insects for crop protection. in this study, the concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides were determined in honeybees, honeycomb and honey samples, collected in spring 2015 (blooming period) from different areas in sicily (it), to carry out an evaluation of bees products' safety and an overview of neonicotinoid contamination in beekeeping. the results obtained showed only the presence of clot ...	2017	27736155
mechanistic modeling of pesticide exposure: the missing keystone of honey bee toxicology.	the role of pesticides in recent honey bee losses is controversial, partly because field studies often fail to detect effects predicted by laboratory studies. this dissonance highlights a critical gap in the field of honey bee toxicology: there exists little mechanistic understanding of the patterns and processes of exposure that link honey bees to pesticides in their environment. the authors submit that 2 key processes underlie honey bee pesticide exposure: 1) the acquisition of pesticide by fo ...	2017	27769096
variability of residue concentrations of ciprofloxacin in honey from treated hives.	honey bees (apis mellifera l.) were treated with a model veterinary drug compound (ciprofloxacin) in a 3-year study (2012-14) to investigate the variability of residue concentration in honey. sucrose solution containing ciprofloxacin was administered to 45 hives (1 g of ciprofloxacin per hive) at the beginning of the honey flow in late may/mid-june 2012, 2013 and 2014. buckfast honey bees (a. mellifera - hybrid) were used in years 2012 and 2013. carniolan honey bees (a. mellifera carnica) were u ...	2017	27832727
apis mellifera ligustica, spinola 1806 as bioindicator for detecting environmental contamination: a preliminary study of heavy metal pollution in trieste, italy.	honeybees have become important tools for the ecotoxicological assessment of soil, water and air metal contamination due to their extraordinary capacity to bioaccumulate toxic metals from the environment. the level of heavy metal pollution in the trieste city was monitored using foraging bees of apis mellifera ligustica from hives owned by beekeepers in two sites strategically located in the suburban industrial area and urban ones chosen as control. the metal concentration in foraging bees was d ...	2017	27744589
pollination biology of the hexaploid self-compatible species turnera velutina (passifloraceae).	the evolution of monomorphisms from heterostylous ancestors has been related to the presence of homostyly and the loss of self-incompatibility, allowing the occurrence of selfing, which could be advantageous under pollinator limitation. however, flowers of some monomorphic species show herkogamy, attraction and rewarding traits that presumably favour cross-pollination and/or a mixed mating system. this study evaluated the contributions of pollinators, breeding system and floral traits to the rep ...	2017	27770594
pollination of campomanesia phaea (myrtaceae) by night-active bees: a new nocturnal pollination system mediated by floral scent.	bees are the most important diurnal pollinators of angiosperms. in several groups of bees a nocturnal/crepuscular habit developed, yet little is known about their role in pollination and whether some plants are adapted specifically to these bees. we used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the reproductive biology and to understand the role of nocturnal/crepuscular bees in pollination of campomanesia phaea (myrtaceae), popularly named cambuci. we studied the floral biology and breeding s ...	2017	27770587
seizure-specific wavelet (seizlet) design for epileptic seizure detection using correntropy ellipse features based on seizure modulus maximas patterns.	eeg signal analysis of pediatric patients plays vital role for making a decision to intervene in presurgical stages.	2017	27769876
mixtures of herbicides and metals affect the redox system of honey bees.	the increasing loss of bee colonies in many countries has prompted a surge of studies on the factors affecting bee health. in north america, main crops such as maize and soybean are cultivated with extensive use of pesticides that may affect non-target organisms such as bees. also, biosolids, used as a soil amendment, represent additional sources of metals in agroecosystems; however, there is no information about how these metals could affect the bees. in previous studies we investigated the eff ...	2017	27780120
contribution of large-sized primary sensory neuronal sensitization to mechanical allodynia by upregulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated channels via cyclooxygenase 1 cascade.	under physiological state, small- and medium-sized dorsal root ganglia (drg) neurons are believed to mediate nociceptive behavioral responses to painful stimuli. however, recently it has been found that a number of large-sized neurons are also involved in nociceptive transmission under neuropathic conditions. nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms that large-sized drg neurons mediate nociception are poorly understood. in the present study, the role of large-sized neurons in bee venom (bv)-induce ...	2017	27743933
current knowledge of detoxification mechanisms of xenobiotic in honey bees.	the western honey bee apis mellifera is the most important managed pollinator species in the world. multiple factors have been implicated as potential causes or factors contributing to colony collapse disorder, including honey bee pathogens and nutritional deficiencies as well as exposure to pesticides. honey bees' genome is characterized by a paucity of genes associated with detoxification, which makes them vulnerable to specific pesticides, especially to combinations of pesticides in real fiel ...	2017	27819118
binary mixtures of neonicotinoids show different transcriptional changes than single neonicotinoids in honeybees (apis mellifera).	among the many factors responsible for the decline of bee populations are plant protection products such as neonicotinoids. in general, bees are exposed to not only one but mixtures of such chemicals. at environmental realistic concentrations neonicotinoids may display negative effects on the immune system, foraging activity, learning and memory formation of bees. neonicotinoids induce alterations of gene transcripts such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) subunits, vitellogenin, genes ...	2017	27839993
transfer of nitroimidazoles from contaminated beeswax to honey.	nitroimidazoles are not authorised for the treatment of honey bees in the european union. however, they can be found in honey largely because they are illegally used in apiculture for the treatment of nosema. the aim of the study was to examine the possible transfer of nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, ronidazole, dimetridazole and ipronidazole) from contaminated beeswax to honey. the wax foundations fortified with a mixture of four nitroimidazoles at three concentration levels (1000, 10,000 and 1 ...	2017	27838954
the metabolic fate of nectar nicotine in worker honey bees.	honey bees (apis mellifera) are generalist pollinators that forage for nectar and pollen of a very large variety of plant species, exposing them to a diverse range of secondary metabolites produced as chemical defences against herbivory. honey bees can tolerate high levels of many of these toxic compounds, including the alkaloid nicotine, in their diet without incurring apparent fitness costs. very little is known about the underlying detoxification processes mediating this tolerance. we examine ...	2017	27840286
flowers and wild megachilid bees share microbes.	transmission pathways have fundamental influence on microbial symbiont persistence and evolution. for example, the core gut microbiome of honey bees is transmitted socially and via hive surfaces, but some non-core bacteria associated with honey bees are also found on flowers, and these bacteria may therefore be transmitted indirectly between bees via flowers. here, we test whether multiple flower and wild megachilid bee species share microbes, which would suggest that flowers may act as hubs of ...	2017	27592345
the glass is not yet half empty: agitation but not varroa treatment causes cognitive bias in honey bees.	honey bees (apis mellifera) are prone to judge an ambiguous stimulus negatively if they had been agitated through shaking which simulates a predator attack. such a cognitive bias has been suggested to reflect an internal emotional state analogous to humans who judge more pessimistically when they do not feel well. in order to test cognitive bias experimentally, an animal is conditioned to respond to two different stimuli, where one is punished while the other is rewarded. subsequently a third, a ...	2017	27699501
estimating basal energy expenditure in liver transplant recipients: the value of the harris-benedict equation.	reliable measurement of basal energy expenditure (bee) in liver transplant (lt) recipients is necessary for adapting energy requirements, improving nutritional status and preventing weight gain. indirect calorimetry (ic) is the gold standard for measuring bee. however, bee may be estimated through alternative methods, including electrical bioimpedance (bi), harris-benedict equation (hbe), and mifflin-st. jeor equation (msj) that carry easier applicability and lower cost.	2017	27759783
correction: bee venom for the treatment of parkinson disease - a randomized controlled clinical trial.	[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158235.].	2017	27606465
the city as a refuge for insect pollinators.	research on urban insect pollinators is changing views on the biological value and ecological importance of cities. the abundance and diversity of native bee species in urban landscapes that are absent in nearby rural lands evidence the biological value and ecological importance of cities and have implications for biodiversity conservation. lagging behind this revised image of the city are urban conservation programs that historically have invested in education and outreach rather than programs ...	2017	27624925
predicting acute contact toxicity of pesticides in honeybees (apis mellifera) through a k-nearest neighbor model.	ecological risk assessment of plant protection products (ppps) requires an understanding of both the toxicity and the extent of exposure to assess risks for a range of taxa of ecological importance including target and non-target species. non-target species such as honey bees (apis mellifera), solitary bees and bumble bees are of utmost importance because of their vital ecological services as pollinators of wild plants and crops. to improve risk assessment of ppps in bee species, computational m ...	2017	27705831
colony impact of pesticide-induced sublethal effects on honeybee workers: a simulation study using beehave.	research on neonicotinoids and honeybees have changed focus from direct mortality to sublethal effects. in the present study, a published honeybee model, beehave, is used to compare induced colony level impact of pesticides including direct mortality, poor brood care, disorientation, and increased handling time in oilseed rape and sunflower crops. actual effects on individual bees will depend on exposure concentrations, but in the present study large effects were enforced. in oilseed rape, poor ...	2017	27517641
using beehave to explore pesticide protection goals for european honeybee (apis melifera l.) worker losses at different forage qualities.	losses of honeybee colonies are intensely debated and although honeybees suffer multiple stressors, the main focus has been on pesticides. as a result, the european food safety authority (efsa) revised the guidance for pesticide risk assessment for honeybees. the european food safety authority reported a protection goal of negligible effect at 7% of colony size and then used the khoury honeybee colony model to set trigger values for forager losses. however, the khoury model is very simplistic an ...	2017	27217075
specific ige sensitization to honey bee venom and auto-injector adrenaline prescriptions for japanese beekeepers.		2017	27516131
microdesign using frictional, hooked, attachment mechanisms: a biomimetic study of natural attachment mechanisms-part 3.	part 1 completed the studies of five long-shafted, cellulose, frictional, hooked probabilistic fasteners. part 2 identified three substructures prevalent in the natural world for probabilistic fasteners and detailed the collection of voxel dataclouds while measuring from the natural fluorescence of their composing chitin and cellulose under the laser illumination of a confocal microscope. in this part 3, consideration is given to the development of a behaviour-optimised bioinspired probabilistic ...	2017	27218016
impact of pollen resources drift on common bumblebees in nw europe.	several bee species are experiencing significant population declines. as bees exclusively rely on pollen for development and survival, such declines could be partly related to changes in their host plant abundance and quality. here, we investigate whether generalist bumblebee species, with stable population trends over the past years, adapted their diets in response to changes in the distribution and chemical quality of their pollen resources. we selected five common species of bumblebee in nw e ...	2017	27234488
profiling the proteomics in honeybee worker brains submitted to the proboscis extension reflex.	the proboscis extension reflex (per) is an unconditioned stimulus (us) widely used to access the ability of honeybees to correlate it with a conditioned stimulus (cs) during learning and memory acquisition. however, little is known about the biochemical/genetic changes in worker honeybee brains induced by the per alone. the present investigation profiled the proteomic complement associated with the per to further the understanding of the major molecular transformations in the honeybee brain duri ...	2017	27260495
[bilateral radiofrequency anterior thalamotomy in intractable epilepsy patients].	identification of the crucial role of the anterior thalamic nuclei (atn) in the generalization of seizures led to increased interest in surgical interventions in this particular area in intractable epilepsy patients. simulation of atn destruction in animals demonstrated its high efficacy for both preventing the seizure development and reducing the seizure rate. however, bilateral radiofrequency destruction of the anterior thalamic nuclei in humans has not yet bee described.	2017	27296535
rapid identification of the botanical and entomological sources of honey using dna metabarcoding.	honey is generated by various bee species from diverse plants, and because the value of different types of honey varies more than 100-fold, it is a target for fraud. this paper describes a protocol that employs dna metabarcoding of three gene regions (its2, rbcla, and coi) to provide an inexpensive tool to simultaneously deliver information on the botanical and entomological origins of honey. this method was used to examine seven varieties of honey: light, medium, dark, blended, pasteurized, cre ...	2017	27507464
reverse micellar extraction of papain with cationic detergent based system: an optimization approach.	in this study, reverse micellar extraction of papain model system was performed using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab)/iso-octane/hexanol/butanol system to optimize the forward and back extraction efficiency (bee). a maximum forward extraction efficiency of 55.0, 61.0, and 54% was achieved with an aqueous phase ph of 11.0, 150 mm ctab/iso-octane and 0.1 m nacl, respectively. taguchi's orthogonal array was applied to optimize the ph of stripping phase, concentration of isopropyl alcohol (ipa ...	2017	27341632
high-dose bee venom exposure induces similar tolerogenic b-cell responses in allergic patients and healthy beekeepers.	the involvement of b cells in allergen tolerance induction remains largely unexplored. this study investigates the role of b cells in this process, by comparing b-cell responses in allergic patients before and during allergen immunotherapy (ait) and naturally exposed healthy beekeepers before and during the beekeeping season.	2017	27341567
social polymorphism in the sweat bee lasioglossum (evylaeus) calceatum.	temperate-zone socially polymorphic sweat bees (hymenoptera: halictidae) are ideal model systems for elucidating the origins of eusociality, a major evolutionary transition. bees express either social or solitary behaviour in different parts of their range, and social phenotype typically correlates with season length. despite their obvious utility, however, socially polymorphic sweat bees have received relatively little attention with respect to understanding the origins of eusociality. lasioglo ...	2017	27340290
monoterpenoid-based preparations in beehives affect learning, memory, and gene expression in the bee brain.	bees are exposed in their environment to contaminants that can weaken the colony and contribute to bee declines. monoterpenoid-based preparations can be introduced into hives to control the parasitic mite varroa destructor. the long-term effects of monoterpenoids are poorly investigated. olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex (per) has been used to evaluate the impact of stressors on cognitive functions of the honeybee such as learning and memory. the authors tested the per to ...	2017	27306119
the consumption of propolis and royal jelly in preventing upper respiratory tract infections and as dietary supplementation in children.	propolis and royal jelly (rj), two important honeybee products, have been used commonly all over the world as traditional and ethnopharmacological nutrients since ancient times. both of them have a lot of active ingredients which are known to be effective for several medical conditions. in this article, medical databases were searched for the usage of rj and propolis in upper respiratory tract infections (urti) and as a dietary supplementation, together and separately. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid ...	2017	27366357
effects of residual novaluron on reproduction in alfalfa leafcutting bees, megachile rotundata f. (megachilidae).	the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron can suppress pests that affect alfalfa seed production, but can negatively affect reproductive success in the alfalfa pollinator megachile rotundata. novaluron is considered to be a reduced-risk insecticide because it disrupts ecdysis and is non-lethal to adult insects, but some exposed adults have fewer eggs and suppressed egg hatch. for this experiment, bees nested in field cages where they were exposed to alfalfa that had never been treated with novalu ...	2017	27405042
correction: using a hazard quotient to evaluate pesticide residues detected in pollen trapped from honey bees (apis mellifera) in connecticut.	[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077550.].	2017	27414799
systemic rnai in the small hive beetle aethina tumida murray (coleoptera: nitidulidae), a serious pest of the european honey bee apis mellifera.	aethina tumida is a serious pest of the european honey bee (apis mellifera) in north america and australia. here we investigate whether laccase 2, the phenoloxidase gene essential for cuticle sclerotisation and pigmentation in many insects, and vacuolar-atpase v-type subunit a, vital for the generation of proton gradients used to drive a range of transport processes, could be potential targets for rnai-mediated control of a. tumida.	2017	27447542
evaluation of the radioprotective effect of turkish propolis on foreskin fibroblast cells.	propolis is a resinous bee product, rich of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids. it is known that in different geographic zones its chemical composition varies due to the different plant sources. many biological properties including antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, cytostatic activities have been ascribed to propolis. these biological effects are predominantly attributed to its content of polyphenols. in this study, we aimed to evaluat ...	2017	27461686
consequences of a warming climate for social organisation in sweat bees.	the progression from solitary living to caste-based sociality is commonly regarded as a major evolutionary transition. however, it has recently been shown that in some taxa, sociality may be plastic and dependent on local conditions. if sociality can be environmentally driven, the question arises as to how projected climate change will influence features of social organisation that were previously thought to be of macroevolutionary proportions. depending on the time available in spring during wh ...	2017	27478300
correction: colony failure linked to low sperm viability in honey bee (apis mellifera) queens and an exploration of potential causative factors.	[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147220.].	2017	27171003
linking pollen quality and performance of neoseiulus californicus (acari: phytoseiidae) in two-spotted spider mite management programmes.	it has been shown that pollen as a dietary supplement may increase the establishment of generalist predatory mites, and therefore pest control by these mites can be provided. life table studies were performed to evaluate the nutritional value of seven different pollens (almond, castor-bean, date-palm, maize, bitter-orange, sunflower and mixed bee pollen) as a supplementary food source for the spider mite predator neoseiulus californicus mcgregor. in addition, the nutritional quality of each poll ...	2017	27117203
morphometric differences and fluctuating asymmetry in melipona subnitida ducke 1910 (hymenoptera: apidae) in different types of housing.	a geometric morphometrics approach was applied to evaluate differences in forewing patterns of the jandaira bee (melipona subnitida ducke). for this, we studied the presence of fluctuating asymmetry (fa) in forewing shape and size of colonies kept in either rational hive boxes or natural tree trunks. we detected significant fa for wing size as well as wing shape independent of the type of housing (rational box or tree trunks), indicating the overall presence of stress during the development of t ...	2017	27143063
myocardial infarction following a bee sting: a case report of kounis syndrome.	in this case report study a 41-year-old man envenomed by a bee sting and diagnosed as kounis syndrome secondary to hymenoptera envenomation. the patient developed a typical course of myocardial infarction, but the electrocardiogram changes were reversed to almost normal limits. he had a nonsignificant mild lesion in the proximal port of right coronary artery in coronary angiography. the case recovered and discharged after 6 days hospitalization. the clinical implications and pathophysiology of t ...	2017	27052090
the full moon as a synchronizer of circa-monthly biological rhythms: chronobiologic perspectives based on multidisciplinary naturalistic research.	biological rhythmicity is presumed to be an advantageous genetic adaptation of fitness and survival value resulting from evolution of life forms in an environment that varies predictably-in-time during the 24 h, month, and year. the 24 h light/dark cycle is the prime synchronizer of circadian periodicities, and its modulation over the course of the year, in terms of daytime photoperiod length, is a prime synchronizer of circannual periodicities. circadian and circannual rhythms have been the maj ...	2017	27019304
drug leads agents from methanol extract of nigerian bee (apis mellifera) propolis.	propolis is a bee (apis mellifera) product of plant origin with varied chemical composition depending on the ecology of the botanical origin. it has been reported in literature to possess various therapeutic effects both traditionally, clinical trial, and animal study.	2017	27069724
floral ultrastructure of two brazilian aquatic-epiphytic bladderworts: utricularia cornigera studnička and u. nelumbifolia gardner (lentibulariaceae).	utricularia cornigera and utricularia nelumbifolia are giant, aquatic-epiphytic species of carnivorous bladderwort from southeastern brazil that grow in the central 'urns' of bromeliads. both species have large, colourful flowers. the main aim of our study is to ascertain whether the prominent floral palate of u. cornigera and u. nelumbifolia functions as an unguentarius-i.e. an organ that bears osmophores. floral tissues of both species were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electro ...	2017	26945989
resting energy expenditure in patients with end-stage liver disease and in normal population.	resting energy expenditure (ree) was measured in 10 patients with end-stage liver disease (eld) and in 31 normal controls. basal energy expenditure (bee) was also predicted by the harris-benedict equation. in order to correlate ree to lean body mass, the 24-hr urinary creatinine was measured in patients with eld and in normal controls and expressed as kcal/g urinary creatinine. linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant (p less than 0.0001) correlation (r = 0.72) between the r ...	2017	3599357
bee - keepers' dermatitis - sensitivity to propolis.	a patient working in the bee-keeping department developed contact dermatitis on.	2017	28128148
efficacy of tube feeding in supplying energy requirements of hospitalized patients.	during a 6-week period, all adult patients in a university hospital receiving ready-to-feed nasoenteric tube feeding formula were prospectively studied. the study objective was to determine each patient's caloric intake from tube feeding relative to their energy needs and to identify factors causing decreased feeding intake. each of 35 patients was visited at least once daily to determine their volumetric intake of tube feeding formula. daily review of patient care records and nursing interviews ...	2017	2506375
enteral nutritional support management in a university teaching hospital: team vs nonteam.	current hospital cost containment pressures have prompted a critical evaluation of whether nutritional support teams render more clinically effective and efficient patient care than nonteam management. to address this question with regard to enteral feeding, 102 consecutive hospitalized patients who required enteral nutritional support (ens) by tube feeding during a 3 1/2-month period were prospectively studied. fifty patients were managed by a nutritional support team; the other 52 were managed ...	2017	3102783
comparison of low, medium, and high carbohydrate formulas for nighttime enteral feedings in cystic fibrosis patients.	this study examined whether the increase in co2 production (vco2) and ventilatory demands by carbohydrate loading with different formulas during nighttime enteral feedings could be detrimental in young adult cystic fibrosis patients with moderate to advanced lung disease. ten patients age 17 to 24 (mean 21.4 years) received 1000 kcal/m2 of a low (pulmocare), medium (ensure plus), and high (vivonex hn) carbohydrate formula in random order. eight patients had severe, and two moderate obstructive p ...	2017	2109114
assessment of energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry in healthy subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis.	the reliability of resting energy expenditure (ree) measurements by indirect calorimetry with a ventilated hood was investigated in 50 healthy controls and 10 patients with liver cirrhosis. in each subject basal energy expenditure (bee) was determined once and ree three times (morning ree1, noon ree2, afternoon ree3). in controls and patients the first 5-minute bee and first 5-minute ree (controls also second 5-minute ree) were higher than in the remainder of the 30-minute recording. only the la ...	2017	1895487
prospective randomized evaluation of two regimens for converting from continuous to intermittent feedings in patients with feeding gastrostomies.	forty enterally fed male patients were randomized to one of two regimens designed to determine the better means of converting them from continuous to intermittent enteral feedings. all patients received a nutritionally complete iso-osmolal 1 kcal/cc formula containing 6 g of nitrogen/l beginning on the second postgastrostomy day. half of the patients (20) were randomized to a discontinuous regimen abruptly changing from continuous to gradually increasing intermittent feedings until reaching thei ...	2017	1910103