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the epigenomic landscape of prokaryotes.dna methylation acts in concert with restriction enzymes to protect the integrity of prokaryotic genomes. studies in a limited number of organisms suggest that methylation also contributes to prokaryotic genome regulation, but the prevalence and properties of such non-restriction-associated methylation systems remain poorly understood. here, we used single molecule, real-time sequencing to map dna modifications including m6a, m4c, and m5c across the genomes of 230 diverse bacterial and archaeal ...201626870957
human campylobacteriosis in luxembourg, 2010-2013: a case-control study combined with multilocus sequence typing for source attribution and risk factor analysis.campylobacteriosis has increased markedly in luxembourg during recent years. we sought to determine which campylobacter genotypes infect humans, where they may originate from, and how they may infect humans. multilocus sequence typing was performed on 1153 campylobacter jejuni and 136 c. coli human strains to be attributed to three putative animal reservoirs (poultry, ruminants, pigs) and to environmental water using the asymmetric island model. a nationwide case-control study (2010-2013) for do ...201626860258
zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus.to describe the temporal and geographical distribution of zika virus infection and associated neurological disorders, from 1947 to 1 february 2016, when zika became a public health emergency of international concern (pheic).201627708473
molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications of campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin.cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), a genotoxin produced by campylobacter jejuni, is composed of three subunits: cdta, cdtb, and cdtc. cdtb is a dnase that causes dna double-strand breaks (dsb) in the nucleus resulting in cell cycle arrest at the g2/m stage and apoptosis. cdta and cdtc bind to cholesterol-rich microdomains on the cytoplasmic membrane, a process required for the delivery of cdtb to cells. although a unique motif associated with cholesterol-binding activity has been identified in o ...201626904508
tuning of hemes b equilibrium redox potential is not required for cross-membrane electron transfer.in biological energy conversion, cross-membrane electron transfer often involves an assembly of two hemesb the hemes display a large difference in redox midpoint potentials (δem_b), which in several proteins is assumed to facilitate cross-membrane electron transfer and overcome a barrier of membrane potential. here we challenge this assumption reporting on hemebligand mutants of cytochromebc1in which, for the first time in transmembrane cytochrome, one natural histidine has been replaced by lysi ...201626858251
genomic features of environmental and clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates lacking recognized virulence factors are dissimilar.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial pathogen that can cause illness after the consumption or handling of contaminated seafood. the primary virulence factors associated with v. parahaemolyticus illness are thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). however, clinical strains lacking tdh and trh have recently been isolated, and these clinical isolates are poorly understood. to help understand the emergence of clinical tdh- and trh-negative isolates, a genomic approach w ...201626637607
immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of chicken cathelicidin-2 derived peptides.host defence peptides and derived peptides are promising classes of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory lead compounds. for this purpose we examined whether chicken cathelicidin-2 (cath-2)-derived peptides modulate the function and inflammatory response of avian immune cells. using a chicken macrophage cell line (hd11) we found that full-length cath-2 dose-dependently induced transcription of chemokines cxcli2/il-8, mcp-3 and ccli4/rantes, but not of pro-inflammatory cytokine il-1β. in addition, ...201626848845
the two-component system cpxra negatively regulates the locus of enterocyte effacement of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli involving σ(32) and lon protease.enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is a significant cause of serious human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. ehec strains contain a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), which encodes virulence factors responsible for damaging the gut mucosa. the cpx envelope stress response of e. coli is controlled by a two-component system (tcs) consisting of a sensor histidine kinase (cpxa) and a cytoplasmic response regulator (cpxr). in this study, we investigated the ...201626904510
evolutionary genomics suggests that chev is an additional adaptor for accommodating specific chemoreceptors within the chemotaxis signaling complex.escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are models for many experiments in molecular biology including chemotaxis, and most of the results obtained with one organism have been generalized to another. while most components of the chemotaxis pathway are strongly conserved between the two species, salmonella genomes contain some chemoreceptors and an additional protein, chev, that are not found in e. coli. the role of chev was examined in distantly related species bacillus subtilis and helicobacte ...201626844549
multilocus sequence typing and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni isolated from dairy calves in austria.human campylobacteriosis is primarily associated with poultry but also cattle. in this study, 55 campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from 382 dairy calves' feces were differentiated by multilocus sequence typing and tested for antimicrobial resistance. the most prevalent sequence type (st) was st883 (20.0%), followed by st48 (14.5%), and st50 (9.1%). in contrast to st48 and st50, st883 has rarely been described in cattle previously. furthermore, risk factor analysis was performed for the prese ...201626870027
recent development of mass spectrometry and proteomics applications in identification and typing of bacteria.identification and typing of bacteria occupy a large fraction of time and work in clinical microbiology laboratories. with the certification of some ms platforms in recent years, more applications and tests of ms-based diagnosis methods for bacteria identification and typing have been created, not only on well-accepted maldi-tof-ms-based fingerprint matches, but also on solving the insufficiencies of maldi-tof-ms-based platforms and advancing the technology to areas such as targeted ms identific ...201626751976
to what extent is faims beneficial in the analysis of proteins?high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (faims), also known as differential ion mobility spectrometry, is emerging as a tool for biomolecular analysis. in this article, the benefits and limitations of faims for protein analysis are discussed. the principles and mechanisms of faims separation of ions are described, and the differences between faims and conventional ion mobility spectrometry are detailed. protein analysis is considered from both the top-down (intact proteins) and ...201626843211
helicobacter pylori colonization in nepal; assessment of prevalence and potential risk factors in a hospital-based patient cohort.helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium, can cause gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers. it is considered an important public health problem for both developed and developing world. this bacterium is classified as the class 1 carcinogen because it can cause cancer.201626833400
cysteine mutational studies provide insight into a thiol-based redox switch mechanism of metal and dna binding in fura from anabaena sp. pcc 7120.the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is the main transcriptional regulator of genes involved in iron homeostasis in most prokaryotes. fura from anabaena sp. pcc 7120 contains five cysteine residues, four of them arranged in two redox-active cxxc motifs. the protein needs not only metal but also reducing conditions to remain fully active in vitro. through a mutational study of the cysteine residues present in fura, we have investigated their involvement in metal and dna binding.201626414804
magnetic resonance imaging differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions in children.differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions, either isolated or in association with cerebellar and supra-tentorial lesions, can be challenging. knowledge of the structural organization is crucial for the differential diagnosis and establishment of prognosis of pathologies with involvement of the brainstem. familiarity with the location of the lesions in the brainstem is essential, especially in the pediatric population. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is the most sensitive and specific imaging ...201626834941
individual restriction of fine specificity variability in anti-gm1 igg antibodies associated with guillain-barré syndrome.elevated titers of serum antibodies against gm1 ganglioside are associated with a variety of autoimmune neuropathies. much evidence indicates these autoantibodies play a primary role in the disease processes, but the mechanism for their appearance is unclear. we studied the fine specificity of anti-gm1 antibodies of the igg isotype present in sera from patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), using thin-layer chromatogram-immunostaining of gm1, asialo-gm1 (ga1), gd1b and gm1-derivatives with ...201626818965
diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspace volatile organic compounds.volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted from stool are the components of the smell of stool representing the end products of microbial activity and metabolism that can be used to diagnose disease. despite the abundance of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane that have already been identified in human flatus, the small portion of trace gases making up the vocs emitted from stool include organic acids, alcohols, esters, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and alkanes, among others. thes ...201626819529
an examination of co-infection in acute gastroenteritis and histo-blood group antigens leading to viral infection susceptibility.the aim of the present study was to evaluate co-infection in the gastrointestinal tract in terms of viruses, bacteria and the abo blood group. we hypothesized that a combination of norovirus (nv) and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract could affect the likelihood of an individual to contracting nv. histo-blood group antigens (hbgas) are considered to act as receptors that can lead to nv susceptibility. in addition to genetics, co-infection in the gastrointestinal tract may be associated with ...201626998270
differential gene expression patterns in chicken cardiomyocytes during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis.hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) is both an exogenous and endogenous cytotoxic agent that can reliably induce apoptosis in numerous cell types for studies on apoptosis signaling pathways. however, little is known of these apoptotic processes in myocardial cells of chicken, a species prone to progressive heart failure. sequencing of mrna transcripts (rna-seq) allows for the identification of differentially expressed genes under various physiological and pathological conditions to elucidate the molecular ...201626808997
novel α-l-fucosidases from a soil metagenome for production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides.this paper describes the discovery of novel α-l-fucosidases and evaluation of their potential to catalyse the transglycosylation reaction leading to production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides. seven novel α-l-fucosidase-encoding genes were identified by functional screening of a soil-derived metagenome library and expressed in e. coli as recombinant 6xhis-tagged proteins. all seven fucosidases belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 29 (gh 29). six of the seven α-l-fucosidases were substr ...201626800369
hib vaccines: past, present, and future perspectives.haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) causes many severe diseases, including epiglottitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. in developed countries, the annual incidence of meningitis caused by bacteria is approximately 5-10 cases per population of 100,000. the hib conjugate vaccine is considered protective and safe. adjuvants, molecules that can enhance and/or regulate the fundamental immunogenicity of an antigen, comprise a wide range of diverse compounds. while earlier developments of adjuvant ...201626904695
evolutionary and functional relationships in the truncated hemoglobin family.predicting function from sequence is an important goal in current biological research, and although, broad functional assignment is possible when a protein is assigned to a family, predicting functional specificity with accuracy is not straightforward. if function is provided by key structural properties and the relevant properties can be computed using the sequence as the starting point, it should in principle be possible to predict function in detail. the truncated hemoglobin family presents a ...201626788940
within-host evolution of bacterial pathogens.whole-genome sequencing has opened the way for investigating the dynamics and genomic evolution of bacterial pathogens during the colonization and infection of humans. the application of this technology to the longitudinal study of adaptation in an infected host--in particular, the evolution of drug resistance and host adaptation in patients who are chronically infected with opportunistic pathogens--has revealed remarkable patterns of convergent evolution, suggestive of an inherent repeatability ...201626806595
molecular characterization and subtyping of blastocystis species in irritable bowel syndrome patients from north india.blastocystis species has been extensively studied in recent few years to establish its pathogenecity. present study was designed to identify and examine the association of blastocystis sp. and its subtypes with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs).blastocystis sp. detected using wet-mount microscopy, trichrome staining, in-vitro culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay in a cohort of ibs patients (n = 150) and healthy controls (n = 100). isolates of blastocystis sp.were subtyped using sequenc ...201626784888
phase variation of a type iig restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in campylobacter jejuni strain nctc11168.phase-variable restriction-modification systems are a feature of a diverse range of bacterial species. stochastic, reversible switches in expression of the methyltransferase produces variation in methylation of specific sequences. phase-variable methylation by both type i and type iii methyltransferases is associated with altered gene expression and phenotypic variation. one phase-variable gene of campylobacter jejuni encodes a homologue of an unusual type iig restriction-modification system in ...201626786317
the influence of efflux pump inhibitors on the activity of non-antibiotic nsaids against gram-negative rods.most patients with bacterial infections suffer from fever and various pains that require complex treatments with antibiotics, antipyretics, and analgaesics. the most common drugs used to relieve these symptoms are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), which are not typically considered antibiotics. here, we investigate the effects of nsaids on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and the modulation of bacterial efflux pumps.201626771525
alterations of the volatile metabolome in mouse models of alzheimer's disease.in the present study, we tested whether the volatile metabolome was altered by mutations of the alzheimer's disease (ad)-implicated amyloid precursor protein gene (app) and comprehensively examined urinary volatiles that may potentially serve as candidate biomarkers of ad. establishing additional biomarkers in screening populations for ad will provide enhanced diagnostic specificity and will be critical in evaluating disease-modifying therapies. having strong evidence of gross changes in the vol ...201626762470
association of ulcerative colitis with fut2 and fut3 polymorphisms in patients from southeast china.dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been implicated in ulcerative colitis (uc). fucosyltransferase (fut) 2 and fut3 determine expression of histo-blood group antigens in the gut and may affect the intestinal microbiota. we investigated the association between fut2 and fut3 polymorphisms and uc in chinese patients.201626766790
resistant starch alters the microbiota-gut brain axis: implications for dietary modulation of behavior.the increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. resistant starch continues to receive attention as a dietary intervention that can benefit the host through mechanisms that include altering the intestinal microbiota. given the interest in di ...201626745269
rehabilitation of a patient with overlap of acute transverse myelitis and bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis: a case report.we report on one patient with bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (bbe) and associated flaccid weakness. counter to previous studies with bbe which indicate weakness due to guillain-barre syndrome, our patient's presentation of paraplegia following bbe is consistent with concomitant acute transverse myelitis. her findings of bbe largely resolved, although she remained with t6 american spinal injury association (asia) a paraplegia. motor functional impairment measure scores improved from 20 at a ...201628053734
human milk components modulate toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation.toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling is central to innate immunity. aberrant expression of tlrs is found in neonatal inflammatory diseases. several bioactive components of human milk modulate tlr expression and signaling pathways, including soluble toll-like receptors (stlrs), soluble cluster of differentiation (scd) 14, glycoproteins, small peptides, and oligosaccharides. some milk components, such as sialyl (α2,3) lactose and lacto-n-fucopentaose iii, are reported to increase tlr signaling; unde ...201626773018
whole-genome sequencing analysis accurately predicts antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in campylobacter spp.the objectives of this study were to identify antimicrobial resistance genotypes for campylobacter and to evaluate the correlation between resistance phenotypes and genotypes using in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (wgs). a total of 114 campylobacter species isolates (82 c. coli and 32 c. jejuni) obtained from 2000 to 2013 from humans, retail meats, and cecal samples from food production animals in the united states as part of the national antimicrobial re ...201626519386
removal of fecal indicators, pathogenic bacteria, adenovirus, cryptosporidium and giardia (oo)cysts in waste stabilization ponds in northern and eastern australia.maturation ponds are used in rural and regional areas in australia to remove the microbial loads of sewage wastewater, however, they have not been studied intensively until present. using a combination of culture-based methods and quantitative real-time pcr, we assessed microbial removal rates in maturation ponds at four waste stabilization ponds (wsp) with (n = 1) and without (n = 3) baffles in rural and remote communities in australia. concentrations of total coliforms, e. coli, enterococci, c ...201626729150
acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) with motor conduction blocks in childhood; case report.objective acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman), characterized with decreased compound muscle action potentials (cmap) and absence of demyelinating findings in electrophysiological studies, is a subtype of guillain-barre syndrome (gbs). a 4 yr-old male patient presented with ascending weakness, dysarthria and dysphagia to istanbul dr. lütfi kırdar kartal training and research hospital neurology outpatient for three days to in 2012. dysphonia, restricted eye movements, flaccid tetraplegia and aref ...201627057191
multidrug resistant shigella flexneri infection simulating intestinal intussusception.shigella enteritis remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all age groups, in developing as well as developed countries. owing to the emerging resistance to multiple antibiotics among shigella spp., it has been recognized as a major global public health concern and warrants constant monitoring of its resistance pattern. we report a case of segmental ileitis caused by non.-esbl producing multidrug resistant shigella flexneri in an infant clinically mimicking intussusception, whic ...201627013815
sialic acids and autoimmune disease.an important underlying mechanism that contributes to autoimmunity is the loss of inhibitory signaling in the immune system. sialic acid-recognizing ig superfamily lectins or siglecs are a family of cell surface proteins largely expressed in hematopoietic cells. the majority of siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in immune cells that bind to sialic acid-containing ligands and recruit sh2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases to their cytoplasmic tails. they deliver inhibitory signals th ...201626683151
onset of ulcerative colitis during a low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet and treatment with a plant-based diet: a case report.overweight and obesity are global health concerns. various effective weight-loss diets have been developed, including the atkins diet. the atkins diet is known as an extreme low-carbohydrate diet. this diet reduces body weight and has gained widespread popularity. however, the metabolite profiles of such a diet have been shown to be detrimental to colonic health. therefore, a concern for the long-term health effects of this diet exists. we encountered a case in which ulcerative colitis developed ...201626824967
a comparison between plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin in children with guillain-barré syndrome in upper egypt.the aim of our study is to assess the clinico-electrophysiological profile of children with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in upper egypt and to compare the efficacy of plasmapheresis versus other treatment modalities.201626788127
a gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agent: the heat-treated lactobacillus lb.experimental in vitro and in vivo studies support the hypothesis that heat-treated, lyophilized lactobacillus acidophilus lb cells and concentrated, neutralized spent culture medium conserve the variety of pharmacological, antimicrobial activities of the live probiotic strain against several infectious agents involved in well-established acute and persistent watery diarrhoea and gastritis. heat-treated cells and heat-stable secreted molecules trigger multiple strain-specific activities explainin ...201626770268
prevalence and risk factors for campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and newcastle disease virus in feral pigeons (columba livia) in public areas of montreal, canada.feral pigeons (columbia livia) can harbor a range of zoonotic pathogens. a transversal study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of feral pigeons infected by various pathogens in public areas in montreal, quebec. cloacal swabs from captured birds were cultured for salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. and tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of coxiella burnetii. an oropharyngeal swab was also submitted to real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chai ...201626733736
septic abortion caused by campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia.a 20-year-old female patient, 14 weeks pregnant, was admitted to hospital with anamnestic and clinical features of acute pyelonephritis. clinical signs of septic abortion developed and after obstetric examination the therapy was changed to ampicillin, gentamicin and clindamycin. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from blood cultures. pathohistological findings confirmed diagnosis of purulent chorioamnionitis. after 2 weeks of ciprofloxacin administration the patient fully recovered. campylobacter ...201625872616
antimicrobial resistance and multilocus sequence types of finnish campylobacter jejuni isolates from multiple sources.antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for 805 domestic campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from broilers (n = 459), bovines (n = 120), human patients (n = 95), natural waters (n = 80), wild birds (n = 35) and zoo animals/enclosures (n = 16) with known multilocus sequence types (mlst) for 450 isolates. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values for erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin and the quinolones ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were determined with the vetm ...201625917650
application of bacteriophages in post-harvest control of human pathogenic and food spoiling bacteria.bacteriophages have attracted great attention for application in food biopreservation. lytic bacteriophages specific for human pathogenic bacteria can be isolated from natural sources such as animal feces or industrial wastes where the target bacteria inhabit. lytic bacteriophages have been tested in different food systems for inactivation of main food-borne pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, shigella spp., campylobac ...201626042353
hyperimmunised bovine milk and whey: influence of ph and enzymatic treatments on the antigen-binding capacity of immunoglobulin g.hyperimmunised bovine milk and whey (whole and defatted) were submitted at 37°c to different ph values (between 1 and 10) and enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin) at their optimum ph and the igg immunoactivity against campylobacter jejuni was measured by means of elisa assays.201626041450
psychological comorbidity increases the risk for postinfectious ibs partly by enhanced susceptibility to develop infectious gastroenteritis.psychological factors increase the risk to develop postinfectious ibs (pi-ibs), but the mechanisms involved are unclear. as stress affects the immune system, we investigated the potential interaction between psychological factors, the immune response against infectious gastroenteritis (ige) and the development of ige and pi-ibs in a large cohort exposed to contaminated drinking water.201626071133
an improved multiplex real-time sybr green pcr assay for analysis of 24 target genes from 16 bacterial species in fecal dna samples from patients with foodborne illnesses.here, we developed a new version of our original screening system (rapid foodborne bacterial screening 24; rfbs24), which can simultaneously detect 24 genes of foodborne pathogens in fecal dna samples. this new version (rfbs24 ver. 5) detected all known stx2 subtypes, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (sth genotype), and vibrio parahaemolyticus (trh2), which were not detected by the original rfbs24 assay. the detection limits of rfbs24 ver. 5 were approximately 5.6 × 10(-2)-5.6 × 10(-5) (ng dna)/ ...201626166499
antibiotic resistance of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolated from children with diarrhea in thailand and japan.a total of 29 campylobacter jejuni and c. coli strains were isolated from thai and japanese children with diarrhea using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. the samples were evaluated for mutations in gyra and 23s rrna in order to assess resistance against fluoroquinolones and macrolides, respectively. among the isolated strains, 9 (8 c. jejuni and 1 c. coli) were from thai children, and the other 20 (c. jejuni) were isolated from japanese children. high fluoroquinolone resistance ...201626166497
monomerization alters the dynamics of the lid region in campylobacter jejuni cstii: an md simulation study.cstii, a bifunctional (α2,3/8) sialyltransferase from campylobacter jejuni, is a homotetramer. it has been reported that mutation of the interface residues phe121 (f121d) or tyr125 (y125q) leads to monomerization and partial loss of enzyme activity, without any change in the secondary or tertiary structures. md simulations of both tetramer and monomer, with and without bound donor substrate, were performed for the two mutants and wt to understand the reasons for partial loss of activity due to m ...201626208676
anti-adhesion activity of thyme (thymus vulgaris l.) extract, thyme post-distillation waste, and olive (olea europea l.) leaf extract against campylobacter jejuni on polystyrene and intestine epithelial cells.in order to survive in food-processing environments and cause disease, campylobacter jejuni requires specific survival mechanisms, such as biofilms, which contribute to its transmission through the food chain to the human host and present a critical form of resistance to a wide variety of antimicrobials.201626304165
seasonality of campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with human campylobacteriosis in the manawatu region, new zealand.a 9-year time-series of genotyped human campylobacteriosis cases from the manawatu region of new zealand was used to investigate strain-type seasonality. the data were collected from 2005 to 2013 and the samples were multi-locus sequence-typed (mlst). the four most prevalent clonal complexes (ccs), consisting of 1215 isolates, were cc48, cc21, cc45 and cc61. seasonal decomposition and poisson regression with autocorrelated errors, were used to display and test for seasonality of the most prevale ...201626344515
composition of human faecal microbiota in resistance to campylobacter infection.in mice, specific species composition of gut microbiota enhances susceptibility to campylobacter jejuni but little is known about the specific composition of the human gut microbiota in providing protection from infections caused by enteropathogens. healthy adult individuals, who travelled in groups from sweden to destinations with an estimated high risk for acquisition of campylobacter infection, were enrolled. faecal samples, collected before travelling and after returning home, were cultured ...201626369602
three transcription regulators of the nss family mediate the adaptive response induced by nitrate, nitric oxide or nitrous oxide in wolinella succinogenes.sensing potential nitrogen-containing respiratory substrates such as nitrate, nitrite, hydroxylamine, nitric oxide (no) or nitrous oxide (n2 o) in the environment and subsequent upregulation of corresponding catabolic enzymes is essential for many microbial cells. the molecular mechanisms of such adaptive responses are, however, highly diverse in different species. here, induction of periplasmic nitrate reductase (nap), cytochrome c nitrite reductase (nrf) and cytochrome c n2 o reductase (cnos) ...201626395430
pathogen loading from canada geese faeces in freshwater: potential risks to human health through recreational water exposure.canada geese (branta canadensis) faeces have been shown to contain pathogenic protozoa and bacteria in numerous studies over the past 15 years. further, increases in both the canada geese populations and their ideal habitat requirements in the united states (us) translate to a greater presence of these human pathogens in public areas, such as recreational freshwater beaches. combining these factors, the potential health risk posed by canada geese faeces at freshwater beaches presents an emerging ...201626414207
ex vivo proteomics of campylobacter jejuni 81-176 reveal that fabg affects fatty acid composition to alter bacterial growth fitness in the chicken gut.campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of foodborne gastrointestinal illness worldwide. here we performed ex vivo proteomic analysis of c. jejuni 81-176 in chicken, a main reservoir for human infection. at 0, 1 and 4 weeks post-infection (p.i.) with the gfp-expressing 81-176 strain, inocula were recovered from chicken ceca by cell sorting using flow cytometry. itraq-coupled 2d-lc-ms/ms analyses that detected 55 c. jejuni proteins, among which either 3 (fabg, hydb, cjj81176_0876) or 7 ...201626499093
major contribution of the type ii beta carbonic anhydrase canb (cj0237) to the capnophilic growth phenotype of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis, requires low environmental oxygen and high carbon dioxide for optimum growth, but the molecular basis for the carbon dioxide requirement is unclear. one factor may be inefficient conversion of gaseous co2 to bicarbonate, the required substrate of various carboxylases. two putative carbonic anhydrases (cas) are encoded in the genome of c. jejuni strain nctc 11168 (cj0229 and cj0237). here, we show that the deletion of the ...201626470757
campylobacter jejuni outer membrane vesicle-associated proteolytic activity promotes bacterial invasion by mediating cleavage of intestinal epithelial cell e-cadherin and occludin.outer membrane vesicles (omvs) play an important role in the pathogenicity of gram-negative bacteria. campylobacter jejuni produces omvs that trigger il-8, il-6, hbd-3 and tnf-α responses from t84 intestinal epithelial cells and are cytotoxic to caco-2 iecs and galleria mellonella larvae. proteomic analysis of 11168h omvs identified the presence of three proteases, htra, cj0511 and cj1365c. in this study, 11168h omvs were shown to possess proteolytic activity that was reduced by pretreatment wit ...201626451973
molecular typing of fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter jejuni isolated from broilers in japan using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter jejuni isolates from broilers in japan were characterized using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) in order to elucidate the genetic relationship between these strains. forty-three of the isolates were classified into 20 sequence types and were clustered into 21 pfge types with 70% similarity. the most dominant clonal complex (cc) was cc-21 (41.9%). diverse pfge patterns were observed within the same cc, but the combined ...201626447604
antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of campylobacter jejuni strain isolated from a guillain barré syndrome child. 201626558915
conserved histidine residues at the ferroxidase centre of the campylobacter jejuni dps protein are not strictly required for metal binding and oxidation.iron is an essential micronutrient for living organisms as it is involved in a broad variety of important biological processes. however, free iron inside the cell could be potentially toxic, generating hydroxyl radicals through the fenton reaction. dps (dna-binding protein from starved cells) belongs to a subfamily of ferritins and can store iron atoms inside the dodecamer. the presence of a ferroxidase centre, composed of highly conserved residues, is a signature of this protein family. in this ...201626555736
control strategies against campylobacter at the poultry production level: biosecurity measures, feed additives and vaccination.campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting humans in the european union, and ranks second in the united states only behind salmonellosis. in europe, there are about nine million cases of campylobacteriosis every year, making the disease a major public health issue. human cases are mainly caused by the zoonotic pathogen campylobacter jejuni. the main source of contamination is handling or consumption of poultry meat. poultry constitutes the main reservo ...201626541243
phenotypic characters and molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in east china.in this study, we investigated the distribution, phenotypic and molecular typing characters of campylobacter jejuni in domestic fowl, and livestock populations in east china, to provide some reference for researches on its molecular epidemiology. a total of 1250 samples were collected from different animal sources, and c. jejuni strains were then isolated and tested for antibiotic sensitivity. antibiotics-resistance gene and pathogenic genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. phylogenic ...201626565657
campylobacter species isolated from poultry and humans, and their analysis using pfge in southern brazil.campylobacteriosis is a bacterial disease transmitted to humans through ingestion of contaminated food. six hundred samples were collected, 200 from human stool samples, 200 from poultry products and 200 from poultry feces in southern brazil, and then inoculated on blood agar plates. a total of 58% of the poultry feces, 17% of the poultry meat, and 2% the of human stools tested positive for campylobacter. positive campylobacter colonies were identified as campylobacter jejuni or campylobactercol ...201626561789
a seventeen-year observation of the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical campylobacter jejuni and the molecular mechanisms of erythromycin-resistant isolates in beijing, china.to investigate the dynamic development of the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni isolated from human diarrhea in beijing, china, between 1994 and 2010, and to further analyze the molecular mechanisms of erythromycin-resistant strains.201626594011
diversity and relatedness of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni between farms in a dairy catchment.the aim of this study was to examine the population structure, transmission and spatial relationship between genotypes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and campylobacter jejuni, on 20 dairy farms in a defined catchment. pooled faecal samples (n = 72) obtained from 288 calves were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtpcr) for e. coli serotypes o26, o103, o111, o145 and o157. the number of samples positive for e. coli o26 (30/72) was high compared to e. coli o103 (7/7 ...201626593403
seroprevalence in chickens against campylobacter jejuni flagellar capping protein (flid) in selected areas of the united states.campylobacter jejuni is a causative pathogen of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis. infected poultry products are regarded as a major source for human c. jejuni infection. the flagellar capping protein (flid) is highly conserved among c. jejuni strains/isolates and is antigenic as analysed by immunoblot. in this study, we used the flid protein as a probe to survey the prevalence of c. jejuni antibodies in chickens from two areas in the united states. a total of 394 samples were tested. sera f ...201626603949
immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with overwhelming polymicrobial gastrointestinal infection with transformation to diffuse large b-cell lymphoma.immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (ipsid) is an extra-nodal b-cell lymphoma most commonly described in the mediterranean, africa, and asia. it is associated with poverty and poor sanitation, and is rarely encountered in developed countries. a 26-year-old previously healthy, marshallese male was transferred to our facility with a 6-month history of watery diarrhea, weakness, and cachexia refractory to multiple short courses of oral antibiotics. stool cultures grew campylobacter jejuni ...201626903604
bayesian techniques for comparison of the test performance of pcr and culture for the identification of campylobacter in enriched comminuted chicken samples.using bayesian methods that do not require the definition of a gold standard, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay are compared to those of an enriched culture assay for detection of campylobacter in enriched comminuted chicken samples.201626895234
molecular and epidemiological analysis of a campylobacter jejuni outbreak in northern italy in november 2013.campylobacter spp. is the most common gastrointestinal pathogen worldwide with a very low reported incidence in italy. in november of 2013, local and national public health authorities investigated an outbreak caused by campylobacter jejuni among children in a kindergarten in northern italy. a case was defined as a child who had diarrhea with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of c. jejuni between 11 and 30 november. stool samples from the kindergarten kitchen staff and environmental samples from ...201627455195
conformational dynamics of peb4 exhibit "mother's arms" chain model: a molecular dynamics study.peb4 from campylobacter jejuni is an intertwined dimeric, periplasmic holdase, which also exhibits peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (ppiase) activity. peb4 gene deletion alters the outer membrane protein profile and impairs cellular adhesion and biofilm formation for c. jejuni. earlier crystallographic study has proposed that the ppiase domains are flexible and might form a cradle for holding the substrate and these aspects of peb4 were explored using sub-microsecond molecular dynamics simula ...201627434141
cloning, expression, purification, regulation, and subcellular localization of a mini-protein from campylobacter jejuni.the cj1169c-encoded putative protein of campylobacter was expressed and purified from e. coli after sequence optimization. the purified protein allowed the production of a specific rabbit antiserum that was used to study the protein expression in vitro and its subcellular localization in the bacterial cell and putative interactions with other proteins. this protein is produced in campylobacter and it clearly localizes into the periplasmic space. the level of protein production depends on factors ...201626750120
antimicrobial, rheological, and thermal properties of plasticized polylactide films incorporated with essential oils to inhibit staphylococcus aureus and campylobacter jejuni.polylactide (pla) is the most mature biobased and biodegradable polymer. due to its inherent brittleness, the polymer cannot be used as a packaging material without plasticizer. an attempt was made to develop antimicrobial plasticized pla film by incorporating polyethylene glycol (peg) and 3 essential oils (eo), namely cinnamon, garlic, and clove by solvent casting method. physical, thermal, and rheological properties of those films were evaluated for practical applications whereas the antimicro ...201626749466
pcr-rflp provides discrimination for total flaa sequence analysis in clinical campylobacter jejuni isolates.the aims of this study were to determine the genetic relatedness among 20 clinical campylobacter jejuni samples isolated from children with diarrhea in iran and to introduce the best method of discrimination based on flagellin gene (flaa) sequence divergence. a total of 400 stool specimens were obtained from children under 5 years of age from july 2012 to june 2013. primers were designed based on conserved sequences flanking the flaa gene that encompassed and amplified the entire flaa gene and f ...201626743147
prevalence and distribution of campylobacter jejuni in small-scale broiler operations.campylobacter jejuni has been recognized as one of the most prevalent causes of foodborne bacterial illnesses in humans. previous studies have focused on the transmission routes of c. jejuni from commercial flock farms to the final retail product. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of c. jejuni and campylobacter spp. in eggshells, live birds, feed, drinking water, and the rearing environment in a small-scale broiler operation. broilers were raised under two different pro ...201626735032
a bacterial cell shape-determining inhibitor.helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni are human pathogens and causative agents of gastric ulcers/cancer and gastroenteritis, respectively. recent studies have uncovered a series of proteases that are responsible for maintaining the helical shape of these organisms. the h. pylori metalloprotease csd4 and its c. jejuni homologue pgp1 cleave the amide bond between meso-diaminopimelate and iso-d-glutamic acid in truncated peptidoglycan side chains. deletion of either csd4 or pgp1 results in b ...201626735022
the immunobiology of campylobacter jejuni: innate immunity and autoimmune diseases.the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni causes gastroenteritis and guillain-barré syndrome in humans. recent advances in the immunobiology of c. jejuni have been made. this review summarizes c. jejuni-binding innate receptors and highlights the role of innate immunity in autoimmune diseases. this human pathogen produces a variety of glycoconjugates, including human ganglioside-like determinants and multiple activators of toll-like receptors (tlrs). furthermore, c. jejuni targets myd88, ...201626709064
efficacy of feed additives against campylobacter in live broilers during the entire rearing period.poultry meat is the major source of human campylobacteriosis, the most frequently reported zoonosis in the eu. the prevalence of campylobacter colonization in european broiler flocks is 71%. despite considerable efforts, there is still no effective strategy available to prevent or reduce campylobacter colonization in broilers. this study tested a wide variety of feed additives to reduce campylobacter shedding in primary poultry production. twelve additives containing organic or fatty acids, mono ...201626706356
efficacy of feed additives against campylobacter in live broilers during the entire rearing period: part b.a total of 636 day-of-hatch ross 308 broilers chicks were used in 4 independent trials carried out to screen the effect of 12 feed additives on reducing cecal colonization of campylobacterin broilers. the tested additives were probiotics based on b. subtilis and s. cerevisae, a garlic extract, a blend of herbal substances and essential oils, two different combinations of essential oils and organic acids (oa), two mixtures of flavoring compounds, medium chain fatty acids (mcfa), monoglycerides (m ...201626706354
typing of campylobacter jejuni isolated from turkey by genotypic methods, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence gene patterns: a retrospective study.in this retrospective study, typing ability, discriminatory power, and concordance between typing results obtained on 123 campylobacter jejuni turkey isolates, collected in 1998, within 14 different farms, applying multilocus sequence typing (mlst), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), antibiotic resistance profile, and virulence gene pattern, were assessed and compared. overall, 33 sequence types, 28 pulsotypes, 10 resistotypes, and 5 pathotypes were identified. mlst and pfge showed the bet ...201626693797
sensitive detection of campylobacter jejuni using nanoparticles enhanced qcm sensor.a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) sensor platform was used to develop an immunosensor for the detection of food pathogen campylobacter jejuni. rabbit polyclonal antibodies and commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies against c. jejuni were investigated to construct direct, sandwich and gold-nanoparticles (aunps) amplified sandwich assays. the performance of the qcm immunosensor developed using sandwich assay by utilising the rabbit polyclonal antibody as the capture antibody and conj ...201626649490
impact of mutations in dna gyrase genes on quinolone resistance in campylobacter jejuni.amino acid substitutions providing quinolone resistance to campyloabcter jejuni have been found in the quinolone resistance-determining region of protein dna gyrase subunit a (gyra), with the highest frequency at position 86 followed by position 90. in this study, wild-type and mutant recombinant dna gyrase subunits were expressed in escherichia coli and purified using ni-nta agarose column chromatography. soluble 97 kda gyra and 87 kda dna gyrase subunit b were shown to reconstitute atp-depende ...201626857529
a modified bioautographic method for antibacterial component screening against anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria.direct bioautography is a useful method to identify antimicrobial compounds with potential therapeutic importance. because of technical limitations till now, it has been applied only for aerobic bacteria. in this work we present the modification of the original method by which antimicrobial screening of bacteria requiring modified atmosphere became feasible by direct bioautography. here we demonstrate its applicability by testing three anaerobic clostridium perfringens and three microaerophilic ...201626853123
disease recurrence after early discontinuation of eculizumab in a patient with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with complement c3 i1157t mutation.eculizumab, terminal complement inhibitor, has become the frontline treatment for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (ahus). however, the optimal treatment schedule has not yet been established. we describe here an ahus patient with a mutation of c3 i1157t who achieved remission with eculizumab and suffered a recurrence after eculizumab discontinuation, a clinical situation that has not been previously described in patients with c3 mutation. a 9-year-old male experienced an onset of ahus after v ...201626840081
estimation of concentration ratio of indicator to pathogen-related gene in environmental water based on left-censored data.a stochastic model for estimating the ratio between a fecal indicator and a pathogen based on left-censored data, which includes a substantially high number of non-detects, was constructed. river water samples were taken for 16 months at six points in a river watershed, and conventional fecal indicators (total coliforms and general escherichia coli), genetic markers (bacteroides spp.), and virulence genes (eaea of enteropathogenic e. coli and ciab of campylobacter jejuni) were quantified. the qu ...201626837826
biomimetic design results in a potent allosteric inhibitor of dihydrodipicolinate synthase from campylobacter jejuni.dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhdps), an enzyme required for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, catalyzes the condensation of pyruvate and β-aspartate semialdehyde (asa) to form a cyclic product which dehydrates to form dihydrodipicolinate. dhdps has, for several years, been considered a putative target for novel antibiotics. we have designed the first potent inhibitor of this enzyme by mimicking its natural allosteric regulation by lysine, and obtained a crystal structure of the protein-inhi ...201626836694
colonization pattern of c. jejuni isolates of human and avian origin and differences in the induction of immune responses in chicken.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is the most frequently reported bacterial food-borne pathogen. poultry is regarded to be the main reservoir for human campylobacteriosis. by some authors c. jejuni is considered as a commensal of the chicken gut, but clinical signs may be observed indicating host-pathogen interaction. little is known about c. jejuni strain dependent differences in stimulation of the immune response in chicken. therefore we investigated the colonization pattern as well as humoral ...201626827832
rare encounter of unilateral facial nerve palsy in an adolescent with guillain-barré syndrome.unilateral facial nerve palsy is rarely encountered in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we report a case of an adolescent girl who presented with peripheral ascending weakness, preceded by campylobacter jejuni infection. after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, the peripheral weakness improved. electro-diagnostic testing confirmed axonal dysfunction and the patient was positive for antiganglioside antibodies. however, the patient developed unilateral left-sided facial weakness. she was man ...201626823357
virulence gene expression, adhesion and invasion of campylobacter jejuni exposed to oxidative stress (h2o2).studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of oxidative stress conditions (exposure to hydrogen peroxide, h2o2) on [1] the expression of 14 campylobacter jejuni virulence-associated genes associated with motility and/or invasion (flaa, flab, flha, flhb, ciab, iama), adhesion (cadf), cytotoxin production (cdta, cdtb, cdtc) as well as some of the regulators of these genes (rpon, flia, luxs, cj1000), in 10 c. jejuni strains (5 poultry and 5 human) and [2] the ability of these cells to adhere ...201626773256
the use of fta cards for transport and detection of gyra mutation of campylobacter jejuni from poultry.the purpose of the present study was to evaluate a technique involving the use of commercially available fta classic card (whatman) for transporting and detection of dna to use in pcr analysis and genetic sequencing of campylobacter jejuni of poultry origin. fifty isolates of campylobacter jejuni were obtained from broiler carcasses in rio grande do sul, brazil. antimicrobial susceptibility testing to ciprofloxacin revealed that all 50 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. each isolate was t ...201626769268
campylobacter jejuni infections associated with raw milk consumption--utah, 2014.in may 2014, the utah public health laboratory (uphl) notified the utah department of health (udoh) of specimens from three patients infected with campylobacter jejuni yielding indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. all three patients had consumed raw (unpasteurized and nonhomogenized) milk from dairy a. in utah, raw milk sales are legal from farm to consumer with a sales permit from the utah department of agriculture and food (udaf). raw milk dairies are required to ...201627031585
efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water, quaternary ammonium and lactic acid-based solutions in controlling microbial contamination of food cutting boards using a manual spraying technique.bactericidal activity of neutral electrolyzed water (new), quaternary ammonium (quat), and lactic acid-based solutions was investigated using a manual spraying technique against salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus that were inoculated onto the surface of scarred polypropylene and wooden food cutting boards. antimicrobial activity was also examined when using cutting boards in preparation of raw chopped beef, chi ...201627027449
temporal variation in the prevalence and species richness of campylobacter spp. in a prairie watershed impacted by urban and agricultural mixed inputs.campylobacter spp. are a substantial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. human infection can result from ingestion of contaminated food or water from a variety of sources, including the consumption of fresh produce that is contaminated with the pathogen via the use of contaminated irrigation water. using molecular methods, we investigated the occurrence of campylobacter in the qu'appelle river watershed, an important source of irrigation water for vegetable producers in southern saskatchewan, ca ...201627003220
detection of campylobacter in human and animal field samples in cambodia.campylobacter are zoonotic bacteria and a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide with campylobacter jejuni and c. coli being the most commonly detected species. the aim of this study was to detect campylobacter in humans and livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle, water buffalo, quail, pigeons and geese) in rural households by routine culturing and multiplex pcr in faecal samples frozen before analysis. of 681 human samples, 82 (12%) tested positive by pcr (c. jejuni in 66 samples an ...201626991032
de novo asymmetric synthesis of a 6-o-methyl-d-glycero-l-gluco-heptopyranose-derived thioglycoside for the preparation of campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 capsular polysaccharide fragments.an enantioselective de novo synthesis of a thioglycoside derivative of the 6-o-methyl-d-glycero-l-gluco-heptopyranose residue found in the campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 (hs:2) capsular polysaccharide is reported. the compound is obtained from a furfural-derived chiral diol in 11 steps. notably, compared to the only previous synthesis of this molecule, this approach significantly reduces the number of purification steps required to obtain the target.201626982173
status of vaccine research and development for campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is associated with a number of sequelae, including guillain-barre syndrome, reactive arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome and growth stunting/malnutrition. vaccine development against c. jejuni is complicated by its antigenic diversity, a lack of small animal models, and a poor understanding of the bacterium's pathogenesis. vaccine approaches have been limited to recombinant proteins, none of which have advanced ...201626973064
validation of a high-throughput immunobead array technique for multiplex detection of three foodborne pathogens in chicken products.this study rigorously evaluated a previously developed immunobead array method to simultaneously detect three important foodborne pathogens, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella spp., for its actual application in routine food testing. due to the limitation of the detection limit of the developed method, an enrichment step was included in this study by using campylobacter enrichment broth for c. jejuni and universal pre-enrichment broth for l. monocytogenes and salmonella ...201626950032
fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler slaughterhouses in southern brazil.campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. the over-use of antimicrobials in the human population and in animal husbandry has led to an increase in antimicrobial-resistant infections, particularly with fluoroquinolones and macrolides. the aim of the present study was to provide information of the current status of antimicrobial resistance patterns in campylobacter jejuni from poultry sources. fifty strains were recovered from broiler slaug ...201626925976
anti-gq1b antibody syndrome presenting as acute isolated bilateral ophthalmoplegia: report on two patients and review of the literature.miller fisher syndrome (mfs) is an acute polyradiculoneuritis regarded as an uncommon clinical variant of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). mfs is characterized by the acute onset of the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, cereballar ataxia and areflexia. atypical forms of mfs presenting as isolated ophthalmoplegia without ataxia have been rarely described, mostly in adults.201626924168
the crystal structure of the tandem-pas sensing domain of campylobacter jejuni chemoreceptor tlp1 suggests indirect mechanism of ligand recognition.chemotaxis and motility play an important role in the colonisation of avian and human hosts by campylobacter jejuni. chemotactic recognition of extracellular signals is mediated by the periplasmic sensing domain of methyl-accepting chemotactic proteins (membrane-embedded receptors). in this work, we report a high-resolution structure of the periplasmic sensing domain of transducer-like protein 1 (tlp1), an aspartate receptor of c. jejuni. crystallographic analysis revealed that it contains two p ...201626923153
probing polytopic membrane protein-substrate interactions by luminescence resonance energy transfer.integral membrane proteins play essential roles in all living systems; however, major technical hurdles challenge analyses of this class of proteins. biophysical approaches that provide structural information to complement and leverage experimentally determined and computationally predicted structures are urgently needed. herein we present the application of luminescence resonance energy transfer (lret) for investigating the interactions of the polytopic membrane-bound oligosaccharyl transferase ...201626918528
invasive behavior of campylobacter jejuni in immunosuppressed chicken.campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of gastroenteritis in humans but rather harmless in chickens. the basis of this difference is unknown. we investigated the effect of the chicken immune defense on the behavior of c. jejuni using glucocorticoid (gc)-treated and mock-treated 17-day old ross 308 chicken bearing in mind that gcs have immunosuppressive effects and dampen the innate immune response. the effect of gc administration on the behavior of c. jejuni was compared with that on infect ...201627574876
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