Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| data on (+)-usnic acid: a new application to treat toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii pathogen is a threat to human health that results in economic burden. unfortunately, there are very few high-efficiency and low-toxicity drugs for toxoplasmosis in the clinic. (+)-usnic acid derived from lichen species has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-parasitology, and even anti-cancer activities. in associated with the published article "effects of (+)-usnic acid and (+)-usnic acid-liposome on toxoplasma gondii" [1], this dataset article provide ... | 2016 | 27437438 |
| toxoplasma gondii infections among pregnant women, children and hiv-seropositive persons in accra, ghana. | toxoplasma gondii infection can lead to severe disease outcomes in immune-compromised people. this study sought to determine the seroprevalence of anti-t. gondii antibodies among pregnant women, hospitalized children (<5 years old) and hiv-seropositive persons in accra. | 2016 | 27433136 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection in people applying for medical certificates. | medical certificates are documents that state the health status of a person. this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in applicants of medical certificates and to investigate seroprevalence association with characteristics of these individuals. we examined 404 applicants in a public health center in durango city, mexico for the presence of anti-toxoplasma igg and igm antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. of the 404 subjects (mean ag ... | 2016 | 27429791 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection and depression: a case-control seroprevalence study. | we assessed the association of toxoplasma gondii infection and depression in a sample of psychiatric patients and control subjects without depression. we performed an age- and gender-matched case-control study of 89 patients suffering from depression attended in a public psychiatric hospital in durango city, mexico and 356 control subjects without depression from the general population of the same city. participants were tested for the presence of anti-toxoplasma igg and igm antibodies using enz ... | 2016 | 27429790 |
| quo vadis? interferon-inducible gtpases go to their target membranes via the lc3-conjugation system of autophagy. | many intracellular pathogens survive and replicate within vacuole-like structures in the cytoplasm. it has been unclear how the host immune system controls such pathogen-containing vacuoles. interferon-inducible gtpases are dynamin-like gtpases that target the membranes of pathogen-containing vacuoles. upon their oligomerization on the membrane, the vacuole structure disintegrates and the pathogen gets exposed to the hostile cytoplasm. what has been obscure is how the immune system detects and d ... | 2016 | 27428166 |
| global itraq-based proteomic profiling of toxoplasma gondii oocysts during sporulation. | toxoplasma gondii is a medically and economically important protozoan parasite. however, the molecular mechanisms of its sporulation remain largely unknown. here, we applied itraq coupled with 2d lc-ms/ms proteomic analysis to investigate the proteomic expression profile of t. gondii oocysts during sporulation. of the 2095 non-redundant proteins identified, 587 were identified as differentially expressed proteins (deps). based on gene ontology enrichment and kegg pathway analyses the majority of ... | 2016 | 27422377 |
| first detection of toxoplasma gondii dna in the fresh leafs of vegetables in south america. | despite the high dispersion of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in the environment, there are few studies investigating their presence in vegetables consumed by the general population. this has led us to investigate its occurrence in raw vegetables. a total of 238 samples of vegetables were collected, including crisp lettuce, regular lettuce, chicory, rocket, and parsley, both organic and nonorganic, locally in northwestern parana, southern brazil. each sample (50 g) was washed and filtered separately. ... | 2016 | 27421086 |
| seropositivity of toxoplasma gondii and toxocara spp. in children with cryptogenic epilepsy, benha, egypt. | the present study aimed to investigate the possible association of toxoplasma gondii and toxocara spp. infections with cryptogenic epilepsy in children. the study was carried out between june 2014 and march 2015. total 90 children (40 with cryptogenic epilepsy, 30 with non-cryptogenic epilepsy, and 20 healthy control children) were evaluated to determine the anti-toxocara and anti-t. gondii igg seropositivity using elisa kits. epileptic cases were selected from those attending the pediatrics out ... | 2016 | 27417090 |
| toxoplasma effector recruits the mi-2/nurd complex to repress stat1 transcription and block ifn-γ-dependent gene expression. | interferon gamma (ifn-γ) is an essential mediator of host defense against intracellular pathogens, including the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. however, prior t. gondii infection blocks ifn-γ-dependent gene transcription, despite the downstream transcriptional activator stat1 being activated and bound to cognate nuclear promoters. we identify the parasite effector that blocks stat1-dependent transcription and show it is associated with recruitment of the mi-2 nucleosome remodeling and dea ... | 2016 | 27414498 |
| prevalence of toxoplasmosis and related risk factors among humans referred to main laboratories of urmia city, north west of iran, 2013. | toxoplasmosis is mostly asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent individuals while it can cause a severe infection in human fetus during pregnancy and immunocompromised patients. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma igm and igg seropositivity and potential risk factors of the infection in humans referred to urmia city main diagnostic laboratories, urmia, iran. totally 195 blood samples were collected from the individuals referred to main diagnostic laboratories of urm ... | 2016 | 27413331 |
| serological study of toxoplasma gondii infection in turkoman horses in the north khorasan province, iran. | toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. the infection is observed in an unusually wide range of warm-blooded animals, including most of the livestock and humans. many studies have shown high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in man and animals in iran. the present study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in turkoman horses in the north khorasan province. during 2011-2012, 100 blood samples from horses were collected and tested for antib ... | 2016 | 27413330 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in chicken samples from delta of egypt using elisa, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. | estimates of the zoonotic diseases are helpful for monitoring and improving public health. laboratory-based surveillance provides crucial information for assessing zoonotic disease trends and developments. toxoplasmosis is considered as a zoonotic disease and has both medical and veterinary importance since it leads to abortion in humans and several animal species. in view of the worldwide importance of t. gondii, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of t. gondii in chickens from the delt ... | 2016 | 27413325 |
| seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in southern districts of tamil nadu. | the current study was conducted with the objectives of estimating the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and associated socio-demographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics in and around tirunelveli. serum samples from 175 immunodeficient and 175 immunocompetent patients were collected and were analyzed by in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a questionnaire survey was administered for all study participants to gather information on risk factors. the present study revealed ... | 2016 | 27413309 |
| risk and other factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in pregnant women from southern brazil. | toxoplasmosis causes complications during pregnancy that have serious effects on fetal development. thus far, toxocariasis has been reported to spread only via vertical transmission. nonetheless, the population of pregnant women is also exposed to this infection. co-infection with both toxoplasma gondii and toxocara spp. has been reported in children, but there are no reports of co-infection in the population of pregnant women. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of co-infectio ... | 2016 | 27411883 |
| host and toxoplasma gondii genetic and non-genetic factors influencing the development of ocular toxoplasmosis: a systematic review. | 2016 | 27389360 | |
| early diagnosis and successful treatment of disseminated toxoplasmosis after cord blood transplantation. | a 66-year-old woman with refractory angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma underwent cord blood transplantation. prior to transplantation, a serological test for toxoplasma gondii-specific igg antibodies was positive. on day 96, she exhibited fever and dry cough. chest ct showed diffuse centrilobular ground glass opacities in both lungs. the reactivation of t. gondii was identified by the presence of parasite dna in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. moreover, brain mri revealed a sp ... | 2016 | 27384853 |
| in vitro inhibition of toxoplasma gondii by the anti-malarial candidate, 6-(1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadec-4-yl)hexan-1-ol. | an anti-malarial candidate, 6-(1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadec-4-yl)hexan-1-ol (n-251), was studied to characterize its potential as a novel anti-toxoplasma gondii drug. in the present study, ic50 and lc50 of n-251 on host cells and t. gondii were compared to those of artemisinin and sulfadiazine. the ic50 on huh-7 cells was 10.19μg/ml, 67.69μg/ml and 310.17μg/ml for n-251, artemisinin, and sulfadiazine, respectively. the lc50 for anti-t. gondii effect was shown to be 1.11μg/ml, 5.79μg/ml, an ... | 2016 | 27380994 |
| identification of small molecule inhibitors that block the toxoplasma gondii rhoptry kinase rop18. | the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii secretes a family of serine-threonine protein kinases into its host cell in order to disrupt signaling and alter immune responses. one prominent secretory effector is the rhoptry protein 18 (rop18), a serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates immunity related gtpases (irgs) and hence blocks interferon gamma-mediated responses in rodent cells. previous genetic studies show that rop18 is a major virulence component of t. gondii strains from north and sout ... | 2016 | 27379343 |
| caspase-11 modulates inflammation and attenuates toxoplasma gondii pathogenesis. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is the etiologic agent responsible for toxoplasmosis. infection with t. gondii results in activation of nucleotide binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing receptors (nlrs). nlr activation leads to inflammasome formation, the activation of caspase-1, and the subsequent cleavage of il-1β and il-18. recently, a noncanonical inflammasome has been characterized which functions through caspase-11 and appears to augment many biologi ... | 2016 | 27378827 |
| establishment of replacement international standard 13/132 for human antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. | sixteen laboratories carried out a collaborative study to validate 13/132 as a replacement international standard (is) for toxm (3rd is for anti-toxoplasma serum, human, 1000 iu). 13/132 is a freeze dried preparation of pooled human plasma from six donors who experienced a recent toxoplasma gondii infection. the potency of 13/132 was compared to toxm and 01/600 (1st is for anti-toxoplasma igg, human, 20 iu). samples were tested for iga, igg, igg avidity and igm in agglutination assays; enzyme li ... | 2016 | 27378430 |
| transnuclear cd8 t cells specific for the immunodominant epitope gra6 lower acute-phase toxoplasma gondii burden. | we generated a cd8 t-cell receptor (tcr) transnuclear (tn) mouse specific to the l(d) -restricted immunodominant epitope of gra6 from toxoplasma gondii as a source of cells to facilitate further investigation into the cd8 t-cell-mediated response against this pathogen. the tn t cells bound l(d) -gra6 tetramer and proliferated upon unspecific and peptide-specific stimulation. the tcr beta sequence of the gra6-specific tn cd8 t cells is identical in its v- and j-region to the tcr-β harboured by a ... | 2016 | 27377596 |
| land use and soil contamination with toxoplasma gondii oocysts in urban areas. | because soil contaminated with toxoplasma gondii oocysts is increasingly recognized as a major source of infection for humans, in this study, we investigated the spatial pattern of soil contamination with t. gondii oocysts in urban area of northeastern mainland china. from april 2014 to may 2015, more than 9000 soil samples were collected. detection of t. gondii oocysts was performed applying real-time quantitative pcr. sensitivity was improved by analyzing four replicates for each sampling poin ... | 2016 | 27373378 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in aguascalientes city, mexico: a cross-sectional study. | we determined the seroprevalence and correlates of toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in aguascalientes city, mexico. | 2016 | 27371556 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction of caco-2 cells. | after oral infection, toxoplasma gondii invades intestinal cells, induces breakdown of intestinal physiology and barrier functions, and causes intestinal pathology in some animal species. although parasites' invasion into host cells is a known phenomenon, the effects of t. gondii infection in the intestinal barrier are still not well established. to evaluate morphological and physiological modifications on the colorectal adenocarcinoma-derived caco-2 cell line during t. gondii infection, microvi ... | 2016 | 27370796 |
| risk factors and molecular typing of toxoplasma gondii isolated from ostriches (struthio camelus) from a brazilian slaughterhouse. | toxoplasma gondii has a worldwide distribution with different genotypes reported in animals and humans. the parasite is of great importance to food production and public health, highlighted by the high diversity of hosts, i.e. ostriches. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of t. gondii infection in ostriches from a brazilian slaughterhouse, the genotype, and the associated risk factors. t. gondii antibodies were detected in 38/344 (11.05%) serum samples using the modified agglutination ... | 2016 | 27369578 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in yemen: factors associated with high seroprevalence. | although toxoplasmosis is an important public health problem, there is scarcity of data on the disease available from yemen. a cross-sectional survey was conducted in health facilities to determine seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women in sana'a, the capital city of yemen. | 2016 | 27367017 |
| appraisal of prenatal anti-toxoplasma gondii (igg+igm)- iha/igm-elisa screening in single samples via igg avidity test. | congenital toxoplasmosis is associated with important morbidity and mortality. since vertical transmission of toxoplasma gondii can occur in acute cases, antenatal screening for recent infections is vital. accurate determination of acute toxoplasmosis requires a combination of immunoassays, usually not routinely applied for screening purposes. this study evaluated the anti-t. gondii (igg+igm)/igm prenatal screening procedure by igg avidity assay. the routine prenatal screening for (igg+igm) anti ... | 2016 | 27363056 |
| genetic polymorphism of toxoplasma gondii from recently infected aborted egyptian women. | toxoplasmosis caused by toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in human beings. human toxoplasmosis can be associated with serious clinical manifestations, particularly in developing fetus. the aim of the current study was to identify the possible lineage type of toxoplasma gondii, molecularly detected in placental samples of women whose pregnancies were spontaneously terminated in the first trimester. preliminary detection of toxoplasma genomic materials was done by a ... | 2016 | 27363040 |
| genetic mapping of pathogenesis determinants in toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasite of warm-blooded vertebrates that also causes opportunistic infections in humans. rodents are a natural host for asexually replicating forms, whereas cats serve as the definitive host for sexual development. the laboratory mouse provides a model to study pathogenesis. strains of t. gondii are globally diverse, with more than 16 distinct haplogroups clustered into 6 major clades. forward genetic analysis of genetic crosses between different lineages has b ... | 2016 | 27359216 |
| toxoplasmosis in female high school students, pregnant women and ruminants in cyprus. | the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is important to human and animal health worldwide. this is the first study of prevalence of infection with t. gondii and associated risk factors in human populations and small ruminants in cyprus. | 2016 | 27358287 |
| quantifying the risk of human toxoplasma gondii infection due to consumption of domestically produced lamb in the united states. | toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent protozoan parasite worldwide. human toxoplasmosis is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in the united states, and meat products have been identified as an important source of t. gondii infections in humans. the goal of this study was to develop a farm-to-table quantitative microbial risk assessment model to predict the public health burden in the united states associated with consumption of u.s. domestically produced lamb. t. gondii prevalence i ... | 2016 | 27357038 |
| performance testing of pcr assay in blood samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in aids patients from the french departments of america and genetic diversity of toxoplasma gondii: a prospective and multicentric study. | toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with aids is a life-threatening disease mostly due to reactivation of toxoplasma gondii cysts in the brain. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of real-time pcr assay in peripheral blood samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in aids patients in the french west indies and guiana. | 2016 | 27355620 |
| deciphering the draft genome of toxoplasma gondii rh strain. | toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic infection by toxoplasma gondii, a parasite with at least three distinct clonal lineages. this article reports the whole genome sequencing and de novo assembly of t. gondii rh (type i representative strain), as well as genome-wide comparison across major t. gondii lineages. genomic dna was extracted from tachyzoites of t. gondii rh strain and its identity was verified by pcr and lamp. subsequently, whole genome sequencing was performed, followed by sequence ... | 2016 | 27355363 |
| identification of signaling pathways by which cd40 stimulates autophagy and antimicrobial activity against toxoplasma gondii in macrophages. | cd40 is an important stimulator of autophagy and autophagic killing of toxoplasma gondii in host cells. in contrast to autophagy induced by nutrient deprivation or pattern recognition receptors, less is known about the effects of cell-mediated immunity on beclin 1 and ulk1, key regulators of autophagy. here we studied the molecular mechanisms by which cd40 stimulates autophagy in macrophages. cd40 ligation caused biphasic jun n-terminal protein kinase (jnk) phosphorylation. the second phase of j ... | 2016 | 27354443 |
| understanding toxoplasmosis in the united states through "large data" analyses. | toxoplasma gondii infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the united states, and infects approximately one-third of persons globally. clinical manifestations vary. seropositivity is associated with neurologic diseases and malignancies. there are few objective data concerning us incidence and distribution of toxoplasmosis. | 2016 | 27353665 |
| do differences in toxoplasma prevalence influence global variation in secondary sex ratio? preliminary ecological regression study. | sex of the fetus is genetically determined such that an equal number of sons and daughters are born in large populations. however, the ratio of female to male births across human populations varies significantly. many factors have been implicated in this. the theory that natural selection should favour female offspring under suboptimal environmental conditions implies that pathogens may affect secondary sex ratio (ratio of male to female births). using regression models containing 13 potential c ... | 2016 | 27350331 |
| first genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii infection in arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) in china. | toxoplasma gondii can infect virtually all warm-blooded animals including foxes. however, little is known of the molecular epidemiology and genotypes of t. gondii infecting foxes in china. therefore, the present study characterized t. gondii genotypes in foxes in china for the first time. during november 2014 to october 2015, brain tissue samples collected from 264 arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus) in jilin, heilongjiang and shandong provinces were used to detect the t. gondii b1 gene by a semi-nest ... | 2016 | 27343765 |
| functional analysis of the rhoptry kinome during chronic toxoplasma gondii infection. | toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans worldwide. once exposed, humans remain infected with t. gondii for life, and there are no therapeutics capable of eliminating a chronic infection. in the search for novel drug targets, t. gondii is known to contain several unique secretory organelles, one of which is called the rhoptries. rhoptry organelles contain and secrete numerous proteins with kinase domains, but the roles of most of these kinases during infection r ... | 2016 | 27302762 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection and mixed anxiety and depressive disorder: a case-control seroprevalence study in durango, mexico. | the parasite toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) may invade the brain and might induce behavioral changes. we sought to determine the association of t. gondii infection and mixed anxiety and depressive disorder. | 2016 | 27298660 |
| a novel chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of toxoplasma gondii igg in human sera. | this study describes toxoplasma gondii igg chemiluminescent immunoassay (clia) based on the use of a novel immunochemical reagents in the form of the conjugates of original acridinium ester (ae) labels attached to antibodies and sag2-gra1-rop1l chimeric antigen and shows that this test is useful for diagnostic purposes. | 2016 | 27298047 |
| detection of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in cattle raised in gyeongbuk province, korea. | this study investigated the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in cattle in gyeongbuk province, the largest producer of cattle in korea. of blood samples obtained from 568 animals, 0.5% (3 of 568) tested seropositive for t. gondii by using a commercial elisa kit. among young individuals (≤1 year old), adult individuals (2 years old), and old individuals (≥3 years old), 0 (0%) of 37, 3 (0.6%) of 474, and 0 (0%) of 57 were seropositive, respectively. among male, female, and castrated individuals, ... | 2016 | 27296432 |
| high seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and hiv-1 co-infection among drug users in yunnan province, southwest china. | 2016 | 27294834 | |
| recovery of toxoplasma gondii dna in experimentally mummified skin and bones: prospects for paleoparasitological studies to unveil the origin of toxoplasmosis. | paleoparasitology studies parasite infections by finding the parasites' remains in preserved organic remains such as natural or artificial mummy tissues, skeletons, teeth, and coprolites, among others. however, some currently important infections like toxoplasmosis have not been studied by paleoparasitology. the reasons include this parasite's complex life cycle, the resulting difficulties in locating this protozoan in the intermediate host tissues, and the limitation of coprolite studies to fel ... | 2016 | 27292545 |
| detection and isolation of toxoplasma gondii from fresh semen of naturally infected dogs in southern brazil. | the aim of this study was to isolate toxoplasma gondii and determine the viability of the parasite in fresh semen samples of clinically healthy adult dogs naturally infected. eleven seropositive dogs with t. gondii igg antibodies from southern brazil were selected to confirm the presence and viability of t. gondii in fresh semen samples using in vitro isolation in vero cell culture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing analysis. the presence of viable t. gondii was confirmed by in vitr ... | 2016 | 27287987 |
| glt-1-dependent disruption of cns glutamate homeostasis and neuronal function by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. | the immune privileged nature of the cns can make it vulnerable to chronic and latent infections. little is known about the effects of lifelong brain infections, and thus inflammation, on the neurological health of the host. toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that can infect any mammalian nucleated cell with average worldwide seroprevalence rates of 30%. infection by toxoplasma is characterized by the lifelong presence of parasitic cysts within neurons in the brain, requiring a competent immune syst ... | 2016 | 27281462 |
| ethanol extracts of achillea millefolium and hypericum perforatum low anti-toxoplasma activity. | this study was performed to determine the lethal and the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of achillea millefolium (a. millefolium) and hypericum perforatum (h. perforatum) on toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) rh strain tachyzoites in vitro. | 2016 | 27280052 |
| first study on seroepidemiology and isolation of toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens in the semi-arid region of paraíba state, brazil. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence and isolation of toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens in the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. for this, blood samples were collected from 483 chickens in five municipalities in the state of paraíba. the indirect immunofluorescence assay for anti-t. gondii antibodies was performed. the seropositive birds were slaughtered, and their brains and hearts were collected in order to perform a bioassay in mice. an epidemiological quest ... | 2016 | 27277434 |
| effects of extracts from echinacea purpurea (l) moench on mice infected with different strains of toxoplasma gondii. | in recent years, due to the growing concern about recurrent epidemics by toxoplasma gondii and other pathogens in brazil, there has been an increase in the use of different preparations obtained from echinacea purpurea in order to test their effectiveness against these infections. although studies have suggested the beneficial effects of this species against the influenza virus, no data are available on the use of e. purpurea aqueous extract in t. gondii infections. thus, the aim of this study w ... | 2016 | 27277433 |
| mic16 gene represents a potential novel genetic marker for population genetic studies of toxoplasma gondii. | the zoonotic agent toxoplasma gondii is distributed world-wide, and can infect a broad range of hosts including humans. microneme protein 16 of t. gondii (tgmic16) is responsible for binding to aldolase, and is associated with rhomboid cleavage and presence of trafficking signals during invasion. however, little is known of the tgmic16 sequence diversity among t. gondii isolates from different hosts and geographical locations. | 2016 | 27277196 |
| pathogenicity and phenotypic sulfadiazine resistance of toxoplasma gondii isolates obtained from livestock in northeastern brazil. | toxoplasma gondii is the causative protozoan agent of toxoplasmosis, which is a common infection that is widely distributed worldwide. studies revealed stronger clonal strains in north america and europe and genetic diversity in south american strains. our study aimed to differentiate the pathogenicity and sulfadiazine resistance of three t. gondii isolates obtained from livestock intended for human consumption. the cytopathic effects of the t. gondii isolates were evaluated. the pathogenicity w ... | 2016 | 27276184 |
| atypical toxoplasma gondii genotype in feral cats from the fernando de noronha island, northeastern brazil. | toxoplasma gondii isolates from brazil have a different phenotypic and genotypic pattern, with predominance of virulent isolates and recombinant genotypes, compared to the north hemisphere. considering that a new t. gondii genotype, non-pathogenic to mice, was previously identified from free-range chickens from the fernando de noronha island, brazil, this study aimed to identify genotypes of this parasite in tissue samples of feral cats (felis catus) from this brazilian island. anti-t. gondii ig ... | 2016 | 27270396 |
| toxoplasma gondii: pig seroprevalence, associated risk factors and viability in fresh pork meat. | this study was conducted on 161 fattening pig farms located in aragón (northeast spain). serum samples from 1200 pigs were tested for antibodies against t. gondii by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). antibodies to t. gondii (≥1:20) were detected in 301 pigs (24.52%). the seroprevalence observed in the present study indicates a widespread exposure to t. gondii, as seropositive pigs were found in 96.67% of the farms studied although low pig titers were determined. risk factors associated wi ... | 2016 | 27270390 |
| pasture is a risk factor for toxoplasma gondii infection in fattening pigs. | as consumer awareness of animal welfare increases throughout europe, housing of pigs in more animal-friendly systems is becoming more common. there is concern that these free-range and organic management systems increase the prevalence of zoonotic meat-borne pathogens, such as toxoplasma gondii. in this study we compared the seroprevalence of t. gondii between commercial fattening pigs raised on conventional and on organic farms in sweden. furthermore, potential associations between presence of ... | 2016 | 27270386 |
| the prevalence and genotypic analysis of toxoplasma gondii from individuals in scotland, 2006-2012. | contemporary information relating to the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in humans is lacking for the uk population, with even less information available about the human prevalence of the parasite in scotland. to address this, two different study groups were used to determine the prevalence and genotypes of toxoplasma gondii in the scottish population. | 2016 | 27267112 |
| anti-toxoplasma antibodies prevalence and associated risk factors among hiv patients. | to assess the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis among hiv patients in agaro town health center of jimma zone. | 2016 | 27261854 |
| detection and visualization of differential splicing in rna-seq data with junctionseq. | although rna-seq data provide unprecedented isoform-level expression information, detection of alternative isoform regulation (air) remains difficult, particularly when working with an incomplete transcript annotation. we introduce junctionseq, a new method that builds on the statistical techniques used by the well-established dexseq package to detect differential usage of both exonic regions and splice junctions. in particular, junctionseq is capable of detecting differential usage of novel spl ... | 2016 | 27257077 |
| enol ethers as carbonyl surrogates in a modification of the povarov synthesis of 3-aryl quinolines and their anti-toxoplasma activity. | a novel method for the preparation of 2-carboxyl-3-aryl quinoline derivatives from anilines, ethyl glyoxalate and enol ethers as phenylacetaldehyde surrogates is reported. the three-component coupling reaction occurs rapidly under mild conditions in dichloromethane catalysed by tfa. the method allows a more direct access to 3-aryl quinolines, sidestepping issues encountered with phenylacetaldehyde derivatives. this chemistry was used to prepare quinolines with 3-diarylether functionality that sh ... | 2016 | 27256871 |
| toxoplasma retromer is here to stay. | how the protozoan pathogen toxoplasma gondii and related parasites shuttle proteins through their intricate system of endomembranous compartments remains unclear. sangaré et al. show that the toxoplasma retromer complex is essential for parasite viability through its role in protein targeting to multiple locales and its interactions with newly identified partners. | 2016 | 27247246 |
| toxoplasma gondii cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase subunit 3 is involved in the switch from tachyzoite to bradyzoite development. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. asexual reproduction in t. gondii allows it to switch between the rapidly replicating tachyzoite and quiescent bradyzoite life cycle stages. a transient cyclic amp (camp) pulse promotes bradyzoite differentiation, whereas a prolonged elevation of camp inhibits this process. we investigated the mechanism(s) by which differential modulation of camp exerts a bidirectional ef ... | 2016 | 27247232 |
| eosinophils may play regionally disparate roles in influencing iga(+) plasma cell numbers during large and small intestinal inflammation. | eosinophils are innate immune cells present in the intestine during steady state conditions. an intestinal eosinophilia is a hallmark of many infections and an accumulation of eosinophils is also observed in the intestine during inflammatory disorders. classically the function of eosinophils has been associated with tissue destruction, due to the release of cytotoxic granule contents. however, recent evidence has demonstrated that the eosinophil plays a more diverse role in the immune system tha ... | 2016 | 27245920 |
| mapping, cluster detection and evaluation of risk factors of ovine toxoplasmosis in southern italy. | toxoplasmosis, an important cause of reproductive failure in sheep, is responsible for significant economic losses to the ovine industry worldwide. moreover, ovine meat contaminated by the parasite toxoplasma gondii is considered as a common source of infection for humans. the aim of this study was to develop point and risk profiling maps of t. gondii seroprevalence in sheep bred in campania region (southern italy) and analyse risk factors associated at the flock-level. we used serological data ... | 2016 | 27245805 |
| antibody prevalence and isolation of viable toxoplasma gondii from raptors in the southeastern usa. | raptors are good indicators of the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in the environment because they prey on small mammals and birds. these prey species are a major source of infection in domestic cats ( felis catus ), which shed the environmentally resistant oocysts. we assessed t. gondii infection in 281 opportunistically available raptors at a rehabilitation facility between 2012 and 2014. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed by a modified agglutination test (cutoff 1:25) and found in serum of ... | 2016 | 27243150 |
| experimental toxoplasmosis in rats induced orally with eleven strains of toxoplasma gondii of seven genotypes: tissue tropism, tissue cyst size, neural lesions, tissue cyst rupture without reactivation, and ocular lesions. | the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widely distributed and successful parasites. toxoplasma gondii alters rodent behavior such that infected rodents reverse their fear of cat odor, and indeed are attracted rather than repelled by feline urine. the location of the parasite encysted in the brain may influence this behavior. however, most studies are based on the highly susceptible rodent, the mouse. | 2016 | 27228262 |
| analysis of the virulence determination mechanisms in a local toxoplasma strain (t.ghb1) isolated from central china. | several rhoptry proteins (rops) have been confirmed to be critical virulence factors of toxoplasma gondii strains from north america and europe. the two active kinases rop17 and rop18, and pseudokinase rop5 were thought to be the key determinants of parasites' virulence in laboratory mice. given the genetic diversity of toxoplasma strains from different geographical regions, the virulence determinants in other strains, particularly the ones that are phylogenetically distant to the north american ... | 2016 | 27225000 |
| toxoplasma gondii detection and viability assays in ham legs and shoulders from experimentally infected pigs. | epidemiological studies of toxoplasmosis show that infection in humans is mainly caused by the consumption of raw, undercooked or cured meat. cured "serrano" ham is a typical pork product from the mediterranean area, highly valued for its flavour. the "serrano" ham is prepared from pork meat and undergoes a process known as curing and a subsequent fermentation without thermal or smoking treatments. the viability of toxoplasma gondii in hams and shoulders from experimentally infected pigs that ha ... | 2016 | 27217366 |
| a host cell membrane microdomain is a critical factor for organelle discharge by toxoplasma gondii. | host cell microdomains are involved in the attachment, entry, and replication of intracellular microbial pathogens. entry into the host cell of toxoplasma gondii and the subsequent survival of this protozoan parasite are tightly coupled with the proteins secreted from organelle called rhoptry. the rhoptry proteins are rapidly discharged into clusters of vesicles, called evacuoles, which are then delivered to parasitophorous vacuoles (pvs) or nucleus. in this study, we examined the roles of two h ... | 2016 | 27217289 |
| id2 reinforces th1 differentiation and inhibits e2a to repress tfh differentiation. | the differentiation of helper t cells into effector subsets is critical to host protection. transcription factors of the e-protein and id families are important arbiters of t cell development, but their role in the differentiation of the th1 and tfh subsets of helper t cells is not well understood. here, th1 cells showed more robust id2 expression than that of tfh cells, and depletion of id2 via rna-mediated interference increased the frequency of tfh cells. furthermore, th1 differentiation was ... | 2016 | 27213691 |
| effects of extracts from thai piperaceae plants against infection with toxoplasma gondii. | herbal medicines and natural herb extracts are widely used as alternative treatments for various parasitic diseases, and such extracts may also have potential to decrease the side effects of the standard regimen drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis (sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine combination). we evaluated how effective the thai piperaceae plants piper betle, p. nigrum and p. sarmentosum are against toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro and in vivo. individually, we extracted the piperaceae plants with ... | 2016 | 27213575 |
| anti-parasitic effect on toxoplasma gondii induced by bnsp-7, a lys49-phospholipase a2 homologue from bothrops pauloensis venom. | toxoplasmosis affects a third of the global population and presents high incidence in tropical areas. its great relevance in public health has led to a search for new therapeutic approaches. herein, we report the antiparasitic effects of bnsp-7 toxin, a lys49 phospholipase a2 (pla2) homologue from bothrops pauloensis snake venom, on toxoplasma gondii. in an mtt assay, bnsp-7 presented significant cytotoxicity against host hela cells at higher doses (200 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml), whereas lower doses (2 ... | 2016 | 27212627 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in mainland and sub-antarctic new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) populations. | to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri), as a potential contributor to reproductive failure. | 2016 | 27211206 |
| toxoplasma gondii exposure may modulate the influence of tlr2 genetic variation on bipolar disorder: a gene-environment interaction study. | genetic vulnerability to environmental stressors is yet to be clarified in bipolar disorder (bd), a complex multisystem disorder in which immune dysfunction and infectious insults seem to play a major role in the pathophysiology. association between pattern-recognition receptor coding genes and bd had been previously reported. however, potential interactions with history of pathogen exposure are yet to be explored. | 2016 | 27207565 |
| vertical transmission and fetal damage in animal models of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review. | in humans, the probability of congenital infection and fetal damage due to toxoplasma gondii is dependent on the gestation period at which primary infection occurs. many animal models have been used for vaccine, drug testing, or studies on host or parasite factors that affect transmission or fetal pathology, but few works have directly tested fetal infection and damage rates along gestation. so, the purpose of this work was to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine if there i ... | 2016 | 27198800 |
| first isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens on são luis island, maranhão state, brazil, with a new genotype described. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan with worldwide distribution that infects warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. toxoplasma is considered to be monospecific, but three classical clonal lineages (types i-iii) have been described, especially for isolates from north america and europe. however, recently, several studies have shown that many isolates, particularly from south america, are different from the classic types and highly diverse, with the presence of specific clonal lineages and non-a ... | 2016 | 27198795 |
| antibiotics versus no treatment for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. | acute toxoplasma retinochoroiditis causes transient symptoms of ocular discomfort and may lead to permanent visual loss. antibiotic treatment aims primarily to reduce the risk of permanent visual loss, recurrent retinochoroiditis, and the severity and duration of acute symptoms. there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. | 2016 | 27198629 |
| fatal acute respiratory distress by toxoplasma gondii in a toxoplasma seronegative liver transplant recipient. | the risk of toxoplasma gondii infection in solid organ transplant recipients is well known but mainly after heart transplantation. we discuss a case of acute respiratory distress caused by toxoplasma gondii on day 32 after liver transplantation. the reported case, which is extremely rare, emphasizes how direct examination and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) in broncholaveolar lavage help to diagnose the infection. given trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole toxicity, systematic prescriptio ... | 2016 | 27196559 |
| the past, present, and future of genetic manipulation in toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is a classic model for studying obligate intracellular microorganisms as various genetic manipulation tools have been developed in t. gondii over the past 20 years. here we summarize the major strategies for t. gondii genetic manipulation including genetic crosses, insertional mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, homologous gene replacement, conditional knockdown techniques, and the recently developed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-cas9 system. ... | 2016 | 27184069 |
| high toxoplasma gondii seropositivity among brain tumor patients in korea. | toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can modulate the environment of the infected host. an unfavorable environment modulated by t. gondii in the brain includes tumor microenvironment. literature has suggested that t. gondii infection is associated with development of brain tumors. however, in korea, epidemiological data regarding this correlation have been scarce. in this study, in order to investigate the relationship between t. gondii infection and brain tumor development, we i ... | 2016 | 27180580 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of nitrofurantoin on experimental toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes toxoplasmosis, which has very few therapeutic treatment options. the most effective therapy is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine; however, their utility is limited because of drug toxicity and serious side effects. for these reasons, new drugs with lower toxicity are urgently needed. in this study, the compound, (z)-1-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methyleneamino]-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (nitrofurantoin), showed anti-t. gond ... | 2016 | 27180573 |
| exosomes secreted by toxoplasma gondii-infected l6 cells: their effects on host cell proliferation and cell cycle changes. | toxoplasma gondii infection induces alteration of the host cell cycle and cell proliferation. these changes are not only seen in directly invaded host cells but also in neighboring cells. we tried to identify whether this alteration can be mediated by exosomes secreted by t. gondii-infected host cells. l6 cells, a rat myoblast cell line, and rh strain of t. gondii were selected for this study. l6 cells were infected with or without t. gondii to isolate exosomes. the cellular growth patterns were ... | 2016 | 27180572 |
| sterculic acid and its analogues are potent inhibitors of toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasmosis is a serious disease caused by toxoplasma gondii, one of the most widespread parasites in the world. lipid metabolism is important in the intracellular stage of t. gondii. stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd), a key enzyme for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid is predicted to exist in t. gondii. sterculic acid has been shown to specifically inhibit scd activity. here, we examined whether sterculic acid and its methyl ester analogues exhibit anti-t. gondii effects in vitro. t. gondii ... | 2016 | 27180571 |
| seroprevalence and correlates of toxoplasma gondii infection in yoremes (mayos) in mexico: a cross-sectional study. | we sought to determine the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in yoremes and to identify associations of t. gondii exposure with sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics of yoremes. | 2016 | 27173808 |
| nucleotide variation in the toxoplasma gondii micronemal protein 8 gene. | toxoplasma gondii is a successful opportunistic protozoan distributed worldwide, which can infect all vertebrates, leading to serious infection, blindness, and abortion. micronemal (mic) proteins are critically important for t. gondii infection, as they participate in various stages of the toxoplasma life cycle, including invasion and attachment to host cells. mic8 secretion relies on the concentration of intracellular calcium, and can mediate the invasion of t. gondii by interacting with solubl ... | 2016 | 27173337 |
| a matched case-control study of toxoplasmosis after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: still a devastating complication. | toxoplasmosis (txp) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ahsct). little is known about the risk factors and there is no consensus on prophylactic measures. to investigate the risk factors, we conducted a single-centre, retrospective matched case-control study among adults who underwent ahsct from january 2006 to march 2015 in our hospital. txp cases were identified from the prospectively maintained hospital's database. the 1:2 control populat ... | 2016 | 27172809 |
| targeting by autophagy proteins (tag): targeting of ifng-inducible gtpases to membranes by the lc3 conjugation system of autophagy. | lc3 has been used as a marker to locate autophagosomes. however, it is also well established that lc3 can localize on various membranous structures other than autophagosomes. we recently demonstrated that the lc3 conjugation system (atg7, atg3, and atg12-atg5-atg16l1) is required to target lc3 and ifng (interferon, gamma)-inducible gtpases to the parasitophorus vacuole membrane (pvm) of a protist parasite toxoplasma gondii and consequently for ifng to control t. gondii infection. here we show th ... | 2016 | 27172324 |
| salivary iga against sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (tgerp) in the study of horizontally transmitted toxoplasmosis via t. gondii oocysts in endemic settings. | the aim of this study was to contribute to the better understanding of the relative epidemiological importance of different modes of infection with respect to horizontal transmission of toxoplasma gondii in endemic settings. we investigated the prevalence of salivary iga against a sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (tgerp) in a highly endemic area for toxoplasmosis in brazil in order to pinpoint parasite transmission via oocysts. prevalence calculated by salivary iga specific to t ... | 2016 | 27169485 |
| relevance of and new developments in serology for toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by the intracellular parasite toxoplasma gondii with a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes. the biological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is often difficult and of paramount importance because clinical features are not sufficient to discriminate between toxoplasmosis and other illnesses. serological tests are the most widely used biological tools for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis worldwide. this review focuses on the crucial role of serology in ... | 2016 | 27167666 |
| an improved method for introducing site-directed point mutation into the toxoplasma gondii genome using crispr/cas9. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite in the phylum apicomplexa. due to the ease of genetic manipulations in t. gondii it serves as a model organism for intracellular parasites. we utilized crispr/cas9, which can be designed to target a specific genomic locus, to introduce site-directed point mutations directly into the t. gondii genomes. this paper contains step-by-step protocols for: (1) designing the guide rna sequence; (2) constructing the crispr/cas9 construct for a target ... | 2016 | 27167504 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in farmed minks (neovison vison) in northeastern and eastern china. | toxoplasma gondii is an important intracellular parasite, which can infect endothermic vertebrate animals, including minks (neovison vison). however, information on t. gondii infection in minks in china is limited. therefore, we investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors of t. gondii infection in minks in northeastern and eastern china. a total of 1499 mink blood samples were randomly collected from eight cities between march 2014 and january 2015 in northeastern and eastern china, and ant ... | 2016 | 27166868 |
| the toxoplasma gondii rhoptry kinome is essential for chronic infection. | ingestion of the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii causes an acute infection that leads to chronic infection of the host. to facilitate the acute phase of the infection, t. gondii manipulates the host response by secreting rhoptry organelle proteins (rops) into host cells during its invasion. a few key rop proteins with signatures of kinases or pseudokinases (ropks) act as virulence factors that enhance parasite survival against host gamma interferon-stimulated innate i ... | 2016 | 27165797 |
| factors associated with toxoplasma gondii infection in confined farrow-to-finish pig herds in western france: an exploratory study in 60 herds. | infection by toxoplasma gondii postnatally can occur after ingestion of contaminated meat or water (tissue cysts/oocysts). in europe, percentage of meat borne infections is estimated between 30 and 63 %, out of which pork makes the most important source. the aim of this study was to (i) investigate the seroprevalence of t. gondii in intensive pig farms from western france; and (ii) identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity. | 2016 | 27558270 |
| toxoplasmosis in camels (camelus dromedarius) of borana zone, oromia region, ethiopia: seroprevalence and risk factors. | toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections of medical and veterinary importance. a cross-sectional study was conducted from november 2013 to january 2014 to estimate the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in camels from four districts of borana zone, southern oromia, ethiopia. in addition, a questionnaire survey was administered to 124 pastoralists to identify possible risk factors and to assess the awareness level of pastoral communities about toxoplasmosis. a to ... | 2016 | 27554500 |
| correction for chahal et al., dendrimer-rna nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal ebola, h1n1 influenza, and toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose. | 2016 | 27551066 | |
| virus-like nanoparticle vaccine confers protection against toxoplasma gondii. | the inner membrane complex (imc) of toxoplasma gondii as a peripheral membrane system has unique and critical roles in parasite replication, motility and invasion. disruption of imc sub-compartment protein produces a severe defect in t. gondii endodyogeny, the form of internal cell budding. in this study, we generated t. gondii virus-like particle particles (vlps) containing proteins derived from imc, and investigated their efficacy as a vaccine in mice. vlp vaccination induced toxoplasma gondii ... | 2016 | 27548677 |
| uap56 is a conserved crucial component of a divergent mrna export pathway in toxoplasma gondii. | nucleo-cytoplasmic rna export is an essential post-transcriptional step to control gene expression in eukaryotic cells and is poorly understood in apicomplexan parasites. with the exception of uap56, a component of trex (transcription export) complex, other components of mrna export machinery are not well conserved in divergent supergroups. here, we use toxoplasma gondii as a model system to functionally characterize tguap56 and its potential interaction factors. we demonstrate that tguap56 is c ... | 2016 | 27542978 |
| clinical characteristics and computed tomography findings of pulmonary toxoplasmosis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | the prognosis of pulmonary toxoplasmosis, including disseminated toxoplasmosis involving the lungs, following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is extremely poor due to the difficulties associated with early diagnosis and the rapidly progressive deterioration of multiorgan function. in our institution, we identified nine cases of toxoplasmosis, representing incidences of 2.2 and 19.6 % among all hsct recipients and seropositive hsct recipients, respectively. of the patients with tox ... | 2016 | 27531150 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy ewes: vertical transmission and influence on milk production and reproductive performance. | the present study aimed to evaluate the transmission of toxoplasmosis (vertical and venereal) and its influence on milk production and reproductive problems of lacaune sheep seropositives for toxoplasma gondii. males and females were serologically selected using indirect immunofluorescence method in three steps of the study. step 1: in order to evaluate the influence of toxoplasmosis on milk production, the volume of milk produced by 40 sheep (22 seronegatives and 18 seropositives for t. gondii) ... | 2016 | 27531118 |
| up-regulated tlr2 and tlr4 expressions in liver and spleen during acute murine t. gondii infection. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a central role in the pathogen clearance and pathological processes. the liver is an important innate immune organ, in which kupffer cells and hepatocytes are important innate immune cells. however, the role of tlr2 and tlr4 in the liver caused by toxoplasma gondii infection remains less clear. in this study, mice were infected with t. gondii rh strain and the grades of liver and spleen injuries were histopathologically evaluated. tlr2(+) and tlr4(+) cells in the ... | 2016 | 27530516 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii igg and igm antibodies and associated risk factors in women of child-bearing age in njinikom, nw cameroon. | toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonotic disease, caused by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. t. infections can result in stillbirths, abortions or congenital defects during pregnancy, as well as toxoplasmic encephalitis in hiv/aids patients. this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for t. gondii infection in women seeking antenatal and medical care in the locality of njinikom, north west of cameroon. | 2016 | 27528009 |
| molecular detection of toxoplasma gondii in snakes. | toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is responsible for one of the most common zoonotic parasitic diseases in almost all warm-blooded vertebrates worldwide, and it is estimated that about one-third of the world human population is chronically infected with this parasite. little is known about the circulation of t. gondii in snakes and this study for the first time aimed to evaluate the infection rates of snakes by this parasite by pcr methods. the brain of 68 snakes, ... | 2016 | 27522027 |
| spatial distribution and risk factors for toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in cattle slaughtered for human consumption in rondônia, north region, brazil. | the present study aimed to evaluate toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in cattle slaughtered for human consumption from rural properties in the state of rondônia, north region, brazil; the seroprevalence was determined using indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifats). additionally, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis were also analyzed. of the 1000 cattle serum samples examined, 53 (5.3%) were determined to be seropositive for t. gondii with antibody titers (igg) ≥6 ... | 2016 | 27514900 |