Publications

vibrio cholerae resistant to 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine (o/129) isolated from patients with enteritis in ceará, brazil.	this paper reports the characterization of clinical vibrio cholerae resistant to vibriostatic agent o/129, using classical and plasmid analysis. in a study conducted during december 1991-september 1993, two of 7,058 v. cholerae strains, obtained from patients suspected to have cholera in the state of ceará, northeast brazil, were resistant to 150 micrograms of the vibriostatic agent o/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine). one strain was identified as v. cholerae o1 el tor inaba and the oth ...	2001	11394182
colonization of vibrio cholerae among persons in contact with cholera patients.		2001	11394184
cost of immunization with a locally produced, oral cholera vaccine in viet nam.	policy decisions regarding whether to incorporate new vaccines into routine public health practice in developing countries will depend in part on the costs of vaccine purchase and of vaccine delivery. in march, 1997, a large-scale effectiveness trial of a locally produced, orally administered bivalent vaccine against vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139 began in viet nam. empirical data obtained from the trial was used to determine the costs of the immunization campaign from the government perspective. t ...	2001	11395206
biological and biochemical characterization of variant a subunits of cholera toxin constructed by site-directed mutagenesis.	cholera toxin (ct) is the prototype for the vibrio cholerae-escherichia coli family of heat-labile enterotoxins having an ab5 structure. by substituting amino acids in the enzymatic a subunit that are highly conserved in all members of this family, we constructed 23 variants of ct that exhibited decreased or undetectable toxicity and we characterized their biological and biochemical properties. many variants exhibited previously undescribed temperature-sensitive assembly of holotoxin and/or incr ...	2001	11395467
whole genome dna microarray expression analysis of biofilm development by vibrio cholerae o1 e1 tor.		2001	11398407
the role of different protein components from the haemophilus ducreyi cytolethal distending toxin in the generation of cell toxicity.	cytolethal distending toxin of haemophilus ducreyi (hdcdt) is a multicomponent toxin, encoded by an operon consisting of three genes, cdtabc. to investigate the role of the individual products in generation of toxicity, recombinant plasmids were constructed allowing expression of each of the genes individually or in different combinations in escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae. expression of all three genes (cdtabc) was necessary to generate toxicity on cells, and no activity was obtained using ...	2001	11399138
vibrio cholerae tolc is required for bile resistance and colonization.	tolc and its homologues are outer membrane proteins that are essential for the transport of many molecules across the cell envelope. in this study we characterized the gene encoding vibrio cholerae tolc. v. cholerae tolc mutants failed to secrete the rtx cytotoxin, were hypersensitive to antimicrobial agents, and were deficient in intestinal colonization.	2001	11402016
genome size reduction through multiple events of gene disintegration in buchnera aps.	the evolution of the endosymbiont buchnera during its adaptation to intracellular life involved a massive reduction in its genome. by comparing the orthologous genes of buchnera, escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae, we show that the minimal genome size of buchnera arose from multiple events of gene disintegration dispersed over the whole genome. the elimination of the genes was a continuous process that began with gene inactivation and progressed until the dna corresponding to the pseudogenes w ...	2001	11672844
vibrio fischeri outer membrane protein ompu plays a role in normal symbiotic colonization.	the nascent light-emitting organ of newly hatched juveniles of the hawaiian sepiolid squid euprymna scolopes is specifically colonized by cells of vibrio fischeri that are obtained from the ambient seawater. the mechanisms that promote this specific, cooperative colonization are likely to require a number of bacterial and host-derived factors and activities, only some of which have been described to date. a characteristic of many host-pathogen associations is the presence of bacterial mechanisms ...	2001	11673429
precise deletion of tagd and controlled depletion of its product, glycerol 3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, leads to irregular morphology and lysis of bacillus subtilis grown at physiological temperature.	using a previously reported conditional expression system for use in bacillus subtilis (a. p. bhavsar, x. zhao, and e. d. brown, appl. environ. microbiol. 67:403-410, 2001), we report the first precise deletion of a teichoic acid biosynthesis (tag) gene, tagd, in b. subtilis. this teichoic acid mutant showed a lethal phenotype when characterized at a physiological temperature and in a defined genetic background. this tagd mutant was subject to full phenotypic rescue upon expression of the comple ...	2001	11673441
microbiological investigation of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in niger state, nigeria.		2001	11678939
a case of non-o:1 vibrio cholerae septicemia with meningitis, cerebral abscess and unilateral hydrocephalus in a preterm baby.		2001	11681447
clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae serogroup o141 carry the ctx phage and the genes encoding the toxin-coregulated pili.	we report sporadic cases of a severe gastroenteritis associated with vibrio cholerae serogroup o141. like o1 and o139 serogroup strains of v. cholerae isolated from cholera cases, the o141 clinical isolates carry dna sequences that hybridize to cholera toxin (ct) gene probes. the ct genes of o1 and o139 strains are carried by a filamentous bacteriophage (termed ctx phage) which is known to use toxin-coregulated pili (tcp) as its receptor. in an effort to understand the mechanism of emergence of ...	2001	11682534
trifluoperazine: a broad spectrum bactericide especially active on staphylococci and vibrios.	trifluoperazine showed some significant antimicrobial activity when tested against 293 strains from two gram-positive and eight gram-negative genera. minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug were measured using an agar dilution technique. forty six of 55 strains of staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 10-50 microg/ml of trifluoperazine. this drug also inhibited strains of shigella spp., vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 10-100 microg/ml. other bacteria includi ...	2001	11691578
discovery and distribution of super-integrons among pseudomonads.	until recently, integrons (systems for acquisition and expression of new genetic materials) have been associated generally with antibiotic resistance gene cassettes. the discovery of 'super-integrons' in vibrionaceae suggests a greater impact of this gene acquisition mechanism on bacterial genome evolution than initially believed. super-integrons may contain more than 100 gene cassettes and may encode other determinants, including biochemical functions or virulence factors. here, we report the g ...	2001	11722728
haem utilization in vibrio cholerae involves multiple tonb-dependent haem receptors.	vibrio cholerae has multiple iron transport systems, one of which involves haem uptake through the outer membrane receptor huta. a huta mutant had only a slight defect in growth using haemin as the iron source, and we show here that v. cholerae encodes two additional tonb-dependent haem receptors, hutr and hasr. hutr has significant homology to huta as well as to other outer membrane haem receptors. membrane fractionation confirmed that hutr is present in the outer membrane. the hutr gene was co ...	2001	11722746
growth and recovery of selected gram-negative bacteria in reconditioned wastewater.	previous reports indicate that escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and vibrio cholerae can grow in nutrient-limited, reconditioned wastewater over the temperature range of 4 to 46 degrees c when the biological oxygen demand of this water is <2, while its coliform growth response (cgr) is >2. in the current study, we investigated the growth response of vibrio parahaemolyticus, shigella spp., vibrio vulnificus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples with a cgr of >2 over the temperatur ...	2001	11726156
vibrio cholerae o1 outbreak isolates in mozambique and south africa in 1998 are multiple-drug resistant, contain the sxt element and the aada2 gene located on class 1 integrons.	the characteristics of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor, serotype ogawa isolates from outbreaks of cholera in 1998 amongst migrant workers in the south african provinces of gauteng and mpumalanga, on the border of mozambique, are reported. the isolates seem to have originated from the same clone since they are of two closely related bgli ribotypes. these ribotypes had a high similarity to ribotypes of v. cholerae o1 recently found in three south-east asian countries. isolates were resistant to ...	2001	11733467
towards a reliable objective function for multiple sequence alignments.	multiple sequence alignment is a fundamental tool in a number of different domains in modern molecular biology, including functional and evolutionary studies of a protein family. multiple alignments also play an essential role in the new integrated systems for genome annotation and analysis. thus, the development of new multiple alignment scores and statistics is essential, in the spirit of the work dedicated to the evaluation of pairwise sequence alignments for database searching techniques. we ...	2001	11734009
a human volunteer challenge model using frozen bacteria of the new epidemic serotype, v. cholerae o139 in thai volunteers.	a total of 35 volunteers were recruited for an irb-approved inpatient dose-escalation challenge. the goal was to identify a dose that produced an observed cholera attack rate > or =80% and an illness of sufficient severity during the defined study period such that the model would be useful for determining vaccine protection. volunteers were challenged in groups of 5 with v. cholerae o139 that had been reconstituted immediately before use. only 2 out of 5 volunteers who received the lowest dose ( ...	2001	11738758
three cases of bacteremia caused by vibrio cholerae o1 in blantyre, malawi.	we report three fatal cases of bacteremia (two adults, one neonate) caused by vibrio cholerae o1 (ogawa), which occurred in the context of a community outbreak of cholera diarrhea in blantyre, malawi. only four cases of invasive disease caused by v. cholerae o1 have previously been reported. we describe the clinical features associated with these rare cases and discuss their significance.	2001	11747744
pathogenesis of infectious diarrhea.	a brief overview of some of the main features involved in normal physiological bi-directional absorption and secretion of fluid in the gut is given, including the nature and cellular location of key enzymes, ion pumps, symports, antiports and diffusion channels; the microanatomy of intestinal villous vasculature and the dynamics of villus blood flow, which together generate hypertonic zones in villus tip regions; and the production, differentiation, escalator movement (from crypt to villus tip) ...	2001	11694903
a novel method to calculate the g+c content of genomic dna sequences.	the base composition of a dna fragment or genome is usually measured by the proportion of a+t or g+c in the sequence. the g+c content along genomic sequences is usually calculated using an overlapping or non-overlapping sliding window method. the result and accuracy of such an approach depends on the size of the window and the moving distance adopted. in this paper, a novel windowless technique to calculate the g+c content of genomic sequences is proposed. by this method, the g+c content can be ...	2001	11697737
directed polar secretion of protease from single cells of vibrio cholerae via the type ii secretion pathway.	bacteria have long been thought of as little more than sacks of homogeneously distributed enzymes. however, recent cytological studies indicate that bacteria are compartmentalized with proteins involved in processes such as cell division, motility, chemotaxis, and development located at distinct sites. we have used the green fluorescent protein as a reporter to determine the cellular distribution of the extracellular protein secretion (eps)-encoded type ii secretion complex responsible for extra ...	2001	11698663
dna adenine methylase is essential for viability and plays a role in the pathogenesis of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and vibrio cholerae.	salmonella strains that lack or overproduce dna adenine methylase (dam) elicit a protective immune response to different salmonella species. to generate vaccines against other bacterial pathogens, the dam genes of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and vibrio cholerae were disrupted but found to be essential for viability. overproduction of dam significantly attenuated the virulence of these two pathogens, leading to, in yersinia, the ectopic secretion of virulence proteins (yersinia outer proteins) an ...	2001	11705940
anti-class ii monoclonal antibody-targeted vibrio cholerae tcpa pilin: modulation of serologic response, epitope specificity, and isotype.	toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) is a colonization factor required for cholera infection. it is not a strong immunogen when delivered in the context of whole cells, yet pilus subunits or tcpa derivative synthetic peptides induce protective responses. we examined the efficacy of immunizing mice with tcp conjugated to anti-class ii monoclonal antibodies (mab) with or without the addition of cholera toxin (ct) or anti-cd40 mab to determine if the serologic response to tcpa could be manipulated. anti-c ...	2001	11705948
immune response genes modulate serologic responses to vibrio cholerae tcpa pilin peptides.	cholera is an enteric disease caused by vibrio cholerae. toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), a type 4 pilus expressed by v. cholerae, is a cholera virulence factor that is required for host colonization. the tcp polymer is composed of subunits of tcpa pilin. antibodies directed against tcpa are protective in animal models of cholera. while natural or recombinant forms of tcpa are difficult to purify to homogeneity, it is anticipated that synthesized tcpa peptides might serve as immunogens in a subuni ...	2001	11705949
evaluation of cholera vaccines formulated with toxin-coregulated pilin peptide plus polymer adjuvant in mice.	cholera is an acute diarrheal disease that is caused by the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae. the low efficacy of currently available killed-whole-cell vaccines and the reactinogenicity coupled with potential reversion of live vaccines have thus far precluded widespread vaccination for the control of cholera. recent studies on the molecular nature of the virulence components that contribute to v. cholerae pathogenesis have provided insights into possible approaches for the development of ...	2001	11705950
[surveillance of various enteropathogenic bacteria from diarrheal cases during 1989-1999 in kobe city].	incidence of various enteropathogenic bacteria was examined from diarrheal faecal samples that were collected from the patients of kobe city general hospital and some station hospitals (23,862), and from overseas travelers (2,855) over a period of decade (1989-1999) in kobe. a total of 1,580 strains were isolated from domestic and 331 strains from overseas travelers. the results are as follows. 1) thirteen kinds of enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from domestic diarrheal cases (6.6%). sal ...	2001	11712364
a case of intracerebral abscess caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae.		2001	11714056
[laboratory diagnostics of acute enteric infections under the conditions of the work of the specialized epidemic brigade during liquidation of the consequences of the emergency situations].	the scheme of the complex microbiological diagnostics of cholera, dysentery, salmonellosis and escherichiosis has been developed. the scheme includes the introduction of material taken from a patient with acute enteric infection into 1% peptone water (ph 8.0), followed by inoculation into endo medium (ph 7.4-8.0) and the selection of colonies on mc-agar with the subsequent final identification of bacteria with the use of biochemical, serological and genetic methods of investigation. this scheme ...	2001	12718172
[comparative characterization of vibrio cholerae o1, isolated from surface water reservoirs in grozny in 1995 and 2000].	the results of complete identification revealed the phenotypical similarity of v. cholerae strains isolated from surface water reservoirs im grozny in 1995 and 2000. the strains under study proved to be atoxigenic, hemolysis-positive and phage resistant. the modified method of subculturing from peptone water 1 to peptone water 2 was more labor-consuming, but it was used in the bacteriological laboratory of the specialized antiepidemic brigade with the aim of more profound study of open reservoir ...	2001	12718174
[cholera in the republic of azerbaijan].	the data characterizing the epidemiological aspects of cholera in azerbaijan at the period of pandemics i-vi are presented and the specific epidemiological features of pandemic vii of this infection are considered. the study revealed that cholera repeatedly penetrated russia through the territory of azerbaijan. the existence of two variants of vibrio cholerae eltor was substantiated: the epidemic variant having the gene of cholera toxin and the nonepidemic variant having no such gene, which caus ...	2001	12718175
cholera in indonesia in 1993-1999.	cholera-specific surveillance in indonesia was initiated to identify the introduction of the newly recognized vibrio cholerae non-o1, o139 serotype. findings from seven years (1993-1999) of surveillance efforts also yielded regional profiles of the importance of cholera in both epidemic and sporadic diarrheal disease occurrence throughout the archipelago. a two-fold surveillance strategy was pursued involving 1) outbreak investigations, and 2) hospital-based case recognition. rectal swabs were t ...	2001	11791976
[vibrio cholerae in madagascar: study of a multiresistant strain].	madagascar was cholera free until march 1999. the first case was reported in mahajanga, a north west coast harbor. ten months later and despite a massive use of tetracycline as prophylactic drug, cholera had reached every region of the island. all suspected cholera samples were analysed at the pasteur institute of madagascar where susceptibility to tetracycline was systematically performed. on february 2000, a multidrug resistant strain of v. cholerae was isolated. we studied this strain by perf ...	2001	12471739
[construction of plasmid gene bank of v. cholerae o139 and detection of o-antigen genes].	because o-antigen biosynthesis genes are a tandem gene cluster. gnomic fragments of 4-20 kilobases (kb) were obtained by digesting genomic dna of v. cholerae o139 with restriction endonuclease ecori, then plasmid gene bank was constructed. recombinant colony, e. coli dh5 alpha (pmg320), expressing o-antigen of v. cholerae o139 was detected from the bank by immunological agglutinative reaction. the futher analysis showed o-antigen expressed by recombinant colony had both immunogenicity and reacto ...	2001	12549191
[vibrio cholerae vpi phi/ctx phi/tcp: interactions of phage-phage-bacterium].		2001	12552921
epidemiology of cholera--a five year study.	a total of 286 strains of vibro cholerae were isolated and tested over a period of five years. the strains were identified by standard methods and confirmed by slide agglutination tests with polyvalent, ogawa and inaba antisera. the non-agglutinating strains were tested with o-139 antisera. the maximum number of cases were found in the age group of 0-10 years. the number of females affected was more than the males. v. cholerae o-139 was isolated in the year 1998 and then again in 2000. v. choler ...	2001	12561506
are the environmental niches of vibrio cholerae o139 different from those of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor?	vibrio cholerae are known to be normal inhabitants of surface water. however, the environmental niches of the different strains of cholera are not well known, and therefore, populations at risk for cholera outbreaks cannot be clearly identified.	2001	11953220
[soybean bacteriological culture media and prospects for their use in clinical bacteriology].	agar bacteriological nutrient media are suggested, based on soybean extract subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and lyophilized native. the growth of test strains, number of grown colonies and their size were virtually the same as after inoculation of these strains in control nutrient media. soybean salt medium with yolk suspension was tried with good results as elective medium for isolation of staphylococci from clinical material. commercial manufacture of these media mainly from native soybean e ...	2001	12014082
seasonal abundance and distribution of vibrio cholerae in coastal waters quantified by a 16s-23s intergenic spacer probe.	vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera and is indigenous to brackish waters. to advance our understanding of the ecology of this bacterium, we have developed a molecular probing method for detection of v. cholerae in coastal waters. water samples from 7 locations in the newport bay watershed, california were sampled monthly for a whole year. v. cholerae concentrations were determined by membrane filtration-colony hybridization using an oligonucleotide prob ...	2001	12024237
activity of ocimum sanctum (the traditional indian medicinal plant) against the enteric pathogens.	aqueous & alcoholic extracts of o. sanctum were prepared. two concentrations of these extracts (30 mg & 60 mg) were tried against the enteric pathogens & candida albicans by agar diffusion method. wide zones of inhibition were observed at 60 mg concentration of extract. aqeous extract showed wider zone of inhibition when compared to alcoholic extract. aqueous extract showed wider zones of inhibition for klebisella, e. coil, proteus & staphylococcus aureus. alcoholic extract showed wider zone for ...	2001	12026506
examination for intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria in the wastewater and treated wastewater from the city of chiang mai, thailand.	an attempt to use treated wastewater for agriculture in the chiang mai area was made, but the re-use process had to be performed under a condition that limited the risks liable to leave pathogens present in the water. the objective of our study was to examine the intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria in the wastewater and treated wastewater from the chiang mai university campus as well as the treated wastewater from the chiang mai municipality. the raw wastewater (rw), primary treatment effl ...	2001	12041597
parasitic and bacterial contamination in collards using effluent from treated domestic wastewater in chiang mai, thailand.	thailand often has inadequate water supply for agriculture during the dry season. the reuse of treated wastewater treatment plants could solve this problem. treatment of domestic wastewater of chiang mai municipality by the aerated lagoon system (al) releases more than 25,000 m3 of treated water everyday. the reuse of wastewater in agriculture is an efficient use of water, especially in tropical countries or in drought zones. the objective of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using ...	2001	12041598
[combination radio and chemotherapy in plasmocytoma. roentgen diagnostic and protein chemistry development prognosis].		2001	95496
radiation from implantable nuclear pacemakers. i. dosimetry.		2001	95284
free light chains in serum during short course immunosuppression after corneal transplantation.	the effect of low doses of prednisone on the serum concentration oflight chains, igg, iga and igm in nineteen corneal transplanted patients was investigated. prednisone in doses of 30 mg daily for 6 days had an instantaneous effect on the concentration of light chains resulting in a mean decrease of 16.5% in relationship to the pre-treatment values. decrease in the prednisone dose to 15 mg daily was followed by normalization of the light chain concentration. the effect of prednisone on the igg c ...	2001	98831
[effect of the geroprotector 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine chlorhydrate on the life span of drosophila melanogaster].		2001	98549
[cardiotoxicity of cytostatics in long-term therapy].		2001	98313
the neurochemistry of learning and memory.	the neurochemical basis of memory has been approached experimentally in four different ways: the bioassay; the interventive approach; the interventive-correlative approach; and the correlative approach. these approaches are fundamentally similar to those used for the study of the chemistry of any behavior. each of these approaches has serious limitations, and significant progress has only been made by combinations of more than one. i shall discuss each of these approaches in turn.	2001	31280
cigarette smoking: a dependence on high-nicotine boli.		2001	31270
ventilation-perfusion scans in neonatal regional pulmonary emphysema complicating ventilatory assistance.	two cases of ventilator-related neonatal lobar overexpansion with similar radiographic appearance, but probably different pathogenesis, are presented. in one infant, persistent interstitial lobar emphysema was confirmed by markedly decreased perfusion shown on scintigraphy; this information was of great value in predicting the beneficial effect of lobectomy. in the other case, ventilation and perfusion scans indicated functional value of the emphysematous lobe and correctly suggested conservativ ...	2001	98002
the biology of ethics or the ethics of biology? the biologist's quest for meaning.	the biologist's involvement in value issues concerning the metholology of biological sciences, in establishing the biological basis of ethics and in creating a value system based on biological knowledge is examined. it is proposed that the roots of this involvement are in the conflict of the knowledge-ethic with the established system of values and in the need for metaphysical explanation.	2001	97886
oestrogen therapy and endometrial carcinoma.		2001	87698
[solubility of adenosine in concentrated salt solutions].	the solubility of adenosine has been measured in concentrated neutral salt solutions of naclo4 (salt-destabilizer) and na2so4 (salt-stabilizer) as a function of salt concentration and temperature. the thermodynamic functions of adenosine transfer from water to salt solutions have been estimated. the values of delta ftr, delta htr, delta str adenosine transfer in naclo4 solutions are negative, in na2so4--positive. the results are considered in connection with the mechanism of high concentrations ...	2001	199278
[a study of fertility following vasectomy using eosin differential staining (vital staining) of spermatozoa].		2001	90417
does rectal examination affect serum acid phosphatase levels?	formol-stable serum acid phosphatase (sap) was measured in 200 patients with symptoms of prostatism, before and at varying time intervals after digital rectal examination. in three separate groups of 50 patients sap levels were measured before and at 5, 15 and 30 min following rectal examination and in a fourth group of 50 patients it was measured before and at 6, 24 and 48 h after examination. no significant change occurred in sap levels following this examination in any of the groups studied. ...	2001	88989
[endothelial and blood interaction in haemostasis, thrombosis and atherogenesis].		2001	98396
cell-mediated immunity: delayed-type hypersensitivity and cytotoxic responses are mediated by different t-cell subclasses.	cell-mediated immunity includes both the generation of cytotoxic cells and initiation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth). the resting t-cell population, before stimulation by antigen, already contains cells of the lyl subclass that are programmed to initiate dth (and helper function) but not cytotoxic responses, as well as ly23 cells which can generate killer activity (and suppressive function) but not dth. the central implication of these findings is that the broad division between humoral ...	2001	1083891
chinese hamster purine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2001	99640
positive peer influence: school-based prevention.		2001	98479
a critical evaluation of the possibility of higher primate reproductive and sexual pheromones.		2001	98777
[methods to prepare histological microautoradiographs for evaluation by automatic image analysis (author's transl)].	a prerequisite for automatic image analysis of histoautoradiographs is the arrangement of the silver grains within the same plane of focus. this can be obtained by semi thin sections of 1 micrometer in thickness. a sufficient contrast for the determination of the nuclear areas and the overlying silver grains at the same time can be reached by staining the preparations with kernechtrot or feulgen nucleal reaction. if a higher image contrast is desired sections measuring 2 micrometer or more in th ...	2001	93233
[choroidal neovessels and ischemia].		2001	95396
quantitative succinate-dehydrogenase histochemistry. iii. variations in histochemical succinatedehydrogenase activity in different cross-sections of the same muscle fibre.	the variation in histochemical sdh-activity at different levels in the same muscle fibre was determined in muscle fibre cross-sections both by visual classification and quantitative determination of the formazan-deposits. this work resulted in a confirmation of the earlier micro-biochemical studies of spamer and pette (1977, 1979) and lowrey et al. (1978) that the activity of enzymes of the citric acid cycle is not homogeneously distributed in a muscle fibre over its entire length. in addition i ...	2001	93101
can cigarette size and nicotine content influence smoking and puffing rates?	the stimuli controlling the rate at which people smoke cigarettes have not been clearly defined. on the hypothesis that smoking is basically nicotine-seeking behavior, nicotine available to the subject was experimentally manipulated through controlling cigarette size and nicotine content. in experiment i, subjects given their won cigarettes in whole, half, quarter, and eighth lengths, increased the number of cigarettes smoked and number of puffs to compensate for reductions in size. satisfaction ...	2001	98802
[effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the synapsis of polytene chromosome homologs and "supplementary nucleolus formation"].	on being added to the food of larvae of drosophila melanogaster of various age, edta, within a broad scale of concentrations, does not change the frequency of asynapsis of polytene homologues. the "many nucleoli" phenomenon was observed both after edta treatment and without it. the frequency of this phenomenon is thought to depend on the conditions of slide preparation. therefore many nucleoli may be probably fragments of general nucleoli.	2001	98877
a clinical algorithm for urinary tract symptoms.		2001	97592
[surgery of hepatic hydatic cyst. per-operative complications. possibility of anaphylactic etiology (author's transl)].	among fifty cases hepatic hydatid cysts, we have observed four serious complications during operation. these complications appeared at the time of the puncture of the cysts with a severe shock in three cases. anaphylactic etiology can be suspected but not proved without specific tests. because the severity of these accidents (one death), anesthesiologist must be aware of the possibility of such complications: it is important to recognize anaphylactic reactions during surgical procedure to instit ...	2001	95469
permanent rapid atrial pacing to control supraventricular tachycardia.	a case is reported of a patient who had continuous supraventricular tachycardia with a ventricular rate of about 170. the arrhythmia was refractory to drugs and dc countershock, and did not convert with atrial pacing. rapid atrial stimulation controlled the ventricular rate by simulating atrial fibrillation (pacing at 300-400/min), or by simulating a faster atrial tachycardia with 2:1 conduction (pacing at 205-210/min). this form of therapy was used on a permanent basis for more than five months ...	2001	95298
[preparoxysmal fits of laughter from misformation of the hypothalamus (author's transl)].	fits of laughter have been described in a number of instances with a differentiation made between primary and secondary fits. fits of laughter in the case of pubertas praecox resulting from a hyperplastic deformation at the base of the iiird ventricle have not been observed as yet. the case here described shows that fits of laughter of this type can be observed prior to commencement of the actual epileptic fit itself. a short description if given of how normal laughing and crying comes into bein ...	2001	98130
getting workshops to work: a step toward media resource sharing.		2001	88979
future of regional alcoholic units.		2001	87708
[correlation between supraventricular extrasystoles and ventricular ectopic activity: description of 1 case].		2001	95336
[disadvantages in the use of mercurochrome in the treatment of the donor area in skin grafts].		2001	93296
integrated care: the hospital-based hospice.		2001	95041
permanent programmable pacemakers in the management of recurrent tachycardias.	patient reports are presented to indicate the application of standard implanted programmable pacemakers with endocardial electrodes for long-term overdrive suppression of recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and their adaptability to non-invasively induced burts of rapid ventricular pacing to cardiovert that arrhythmia. in carefully preselected patients with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome, this type of programmable pacemaker may also be used to convert paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia by ...	2001	95263
protection of primate lung from stored-blood perfusion by peptidase inhibition and target membrane stabilization.	microaggregate filtration and separation of the cellular components of stored autologous blood have not changed the functional and morphological damage in primate lungs from stored-blood perfusion. pharmacologic prevention of these "shock lung" changes was attempted with trasylol and with methylprednisolone pretreatment. in an in situ primate lung perfusion model, fresh and stored blood was perfused in untreated baboons and in groups of seven animals each pretreated with trasylol or methylpredni ...	2001	95551
nucleic acids quantitation in polyacrylamide disc gels with a modified double beam spectrophotometer.	quantitation of rna and protein bands separated in polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis is time consuming and not reliable when performed after staining processes. the best theoretical approach is the use of absorption spectra of the samples. the present paper reports the construction of an efficient and inexpensive adapter to perform direct scanning of 100 mm gels in a unicam sp-800 double beam spectrophotometer. conditions for gel casting and electrophoresis were established for rna. a line ...	2001	95523
[acute mercury poisoning in children (author's transl)].		2001	95513
severe skin pain after puva treatment.	severe skin pain lasting one or two months occurred in 8 of 210 patients treated with puva. the pain started 4--8 weeks after the initial dose, mostly about one week after discontinuation of the treatment. it was a prickling, burning pain, usually coming in bouts and confined to limited areas "deep under the skin". in some respects the pain was related to itching, but the patients could easily distinguish between the two sensations. a variety of drugs was tried, but none had any noteworthy effec ...	2001	93376
the hook sign in type 3 congenital colonic atresia.		2001	98027
[therapeutic progress in tumor medicine, usable in general practice--in adult oncology].		2001	92744
[questions to television from psychopathology].	progress is expected in psychopathological diagnosis by using audiovisual procedures. nowadays, a valid psychopathology concept should be broadly planned and the important method of description as well as understanding procedures should be considered. for such a model of psychopathology it seems appropriate to investigate the different psychopathological phenomenons as expression of a disturbed communication ability. concerning this outlook, new strategies are to be developed or procedures of ot ...	2001	90381
[ii. etiological classification of the small bowel diseases (author's transl)].	a new classification of the small bowel diseases is proposed according to - the physiopathology; - the anatomo-pathology; - the etiology. in this second part, the ethiological classification is developed. one may distinguish the post-surgical lesions, congenital defects, the side-effects of drugs and the vascular lesions. allergy and infection are especially studied. the main problems which may be solved in a next future are: the mechanism of chronic infections, the biochemical pathology and esp ...	2001	90363
[carbon monoxide: environmental and biological aspects].		2001	90351
from earlier pages. . .		2001	97977
visual aids in nutrition education. a guide to their preparation and use.		2001	95011
[indoleamine precursors in depression (author's transl)].	tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan have now been extensively investigated in affective disorders. there is now very good evidence that tryptophan increases the antidepressant activity of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. the antidepressant activity of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan has also been the subject of numerous investigations. there is evidence that patients with decreased cerebrospinal fluid concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid respond particularly favourably to this treatment. t ...	2001	95009
[repeated palliative measures for intrathoracic neurofibrosarcoma and hypoglycemia].		2001	95005
[quantitative disc electrophoretic determination of amylase activity in the urine with regard to age].		2001	94964
[changes in physicochemical parameters and coagulation factors in hemodilution with dextran of molecular weight 60,000].	in 18 subjects undergoing aorto-bifemoral by-pass, pre-operative isovalaemic hemodilution was carried out (using a dextran of molecular weight 60,000) at the same time as venous section of a mean value of 1087 ml reducing the hematocrit to 0.30. the following were studied before, immediately after and 24 hours after hemodilution: blood viscosity (at variable shearing rates), oncotic pressure, sedimentation rate, clotting factors, plasma electrolytes. these results showed that at the end of hemod ...	2001	95471
behaviour of alpha1-antitrypsin in lung cancer.		2001	98836
health education as freeing.		2001	98497
fluorescent y-bodies in interphase nuclei: medicolegal aspects of false negative males.		2001	61152
ld typing and the lack of involvement of sd antigens in the priming process.	peripheral blood lymphocytes with known hla-sd were typed for ld determinants using a panel of primed cells prepared from sd identical lymphocytes. then these lymphocytes (with known sd and ld) were primed by x-irradiated cells from the same sd and ld group and their secondary reactions were evaluated. disparity in sd antigens of responder and stimulator cells did not produce primed cells and lymphocytes were primed only for ld differences. this finding allows ld typing using primed cells from a ...	2001	65020
[changes in the dental pulp during the preparation of artificial cavities (an electron microscopic study)].		2001	98864
[medical management of tachycardias (author's transl)].	guidelines for a step-wise plan of treatment of tachycardias have been compiled based on clinical empirical experience and with the aid of surface electrocardiograms, intracardial electrograms and stimulation techniques. the plan is primarily with the aid of surface electrocardiograms, intracardial electrograms and stimulation techniques. the plan is primarily oriented with respect to the antiarrhythmic efficacy, the adverse reactions and the practicability of the respective agents. any type of ...	2001	93075
[palliative non-surgical bile duct drainage].		2001	93044
complications associated with aphakic contact lenses.	complications associated with rigid contact lenses are more frequent in aphakia. the limited dexterity of older patients not only may prove an insurmountable barrier to the mastery of daily contact lens insertion and removal, but also may produce significant direct eye trauma, its seriousness determined by the integrity of the cataract wound. since prolonged wear of aphakic contact lenses is the rule rather than the exception, the risk of irreversible corneal changes such as vascularization and ...	2001	93260