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epithelial il-22ra1-mediated fucosylation promotes intestinal colonization resistance to an opportunistic pathogen.our intestinal microbiota harbors a diverse microbial community, often containing opportunistic bacteria with virulence potential. however, mutualistic host-microbial interactions prevent disease by opportunistic pathogens through poorly understood mechanisms. we show that the epithelial interleukin-22 receptor il-22ra1 protects against lethal citrobacter rodentium infection and chemical-induced colitis by promoting colonization resistance against an intestinal opportunistic bacterium, enterococ ...201425263220
draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis mb5259.in this study, we present a draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis mb5259, a promising probiotic strain. the identified differences and common features between this strain and reference strains will assist in better understanding the mechanism of antibacterial action and in developing novel probiotics.201424948775
antibacterial efficacy testing of a bioelectric wound dressing against clinical wound pathogens.silver-based wound dressings have been developed for the control of bioburden in wounds. however, the popularity and extensive use of silver-based dressings has been associated with emerging microbial resistances to silver. in this study we examined in vitro antibacterial efficacy of a bioelectric dressing containing silver and zinc against various wound pathogens. antibiotic-sensitive clinical wound isolates showed a 100% reduction in bacterial growth, except that enterococcus faecalis isolate ...201424627730
neutralization of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate by humic acid in vitro.in the present study, the neutralization ability of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate by different humic acids was investigated. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of glyphosate for different bacteria such as bacillus badius, bifidobacterium adolescentis, escherichia coli, e. coli 1917 strain nissle, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium were determined in the presence or absence of different concentrations of humic acid (0.25, 0.5 ...201424268342
influence of acetylation degree and molecular weight of homogeneous chitosans on antibacterial and antifungal activities.the results given in the literature are conflicting when considering the relationship between antimicrobial activity and chitosan characteristics. to be able to clarify, we prepared fifteen homogeneous chitosans with different acetylation degrees (da) and molecular weights (mw) by reacetylation of a fully deacetylated chitin under homogeneous conditions. they were tested at different ph values for their antimicrobial activities against four gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas a ...201424929684
aureobasidium pullulans as a source of liamocins (heavy oils) with anticancer activity.liamocins are structurally unique, heavier-than-water “oils” produced by certain strains of aureobasidium pullulans. the aim of the current study is to identify new sources of liamocins and evaluate their potential as anticancer agents. nine strains of a. pullulans from phylogenetic clades 8, 9, and 11 were examined for the first time for production of liamocins. strains in these clades have only been isolated from tropical environments, and all strains tested here were from various locations in ...201424659335
terpenoids, flavonoids and caffeic acid derivatives from salvia viridis l. cvar. blue jeans.three diterpenoids, 1-oxomicrostegiol (1), viroxocin (2), viridoquinone (3), were isolated from the roots of salvia viridis l. cvar. blue jeans. five known diterpenoids, microstegiol (4), 7α-acetoxy-14-hydroxy-8,13-abietadiene-11,12-dione (5; 7-o-acetylhorminone tautomer), 7α,14-dihydroxy-8,13-abietadiene-11,12-dione (6; horminone tautomer), ferruginol and salvinolonyl 12-methyl ether (7) were also found in the roots together with 1-docosyl ferulate (8), and a mixture of 2-(4'-alkoxyphenyl) ethy ...201425256822
characterization of wastewater effluents releasing from slaughterhouses in and around hyderabad city (india).the present study was undertaken to determine the pollution load to the environment causing by the wastewater effluents releasing from organized and unorganized slaughterhouses in and around hyderabad city. the wastewater effluents collected from three slaughterhouses, at the sites of releasing out to the surrounding environment,were characterized in terms of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. the physico-chemical parameters, such as temperature, ph, alkalinity, turbidity, total su ...201426563081
synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitor effects of salicilaldehyde-n-methyl p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone and its palladium(ii), cobalt(ii) complexes.we report the synthesis of the ligand, salicilaldehyde-n-methyl p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone (salptsmh) derived from p-toluenesulfonicacid-1-methylhydrazide (ptsmh) and its pd(ii) and co(ii) metal complexes were synthesized for the first time. the structure of the ligand and their complexes were investigated using elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and spectral (ir, nmr and lc-ms) measurements. salptsmh has also been characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction. (1 ...201424835932
in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial features of vasopressors.drugs administered as intravenous infusion may be contaminated during several stages of production or preparation. however studies focusing on antibacterial effects of vasopressor drugs are very rare. this study investigates the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the clinically used forms of vasopressors.201424794449
cerecidins, novel lantibiotics from bacillus cereus with potent antimicrobial activity.lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antimicrobial peptides that are widely produced by gram-positive bacteria, including many species of the bacillus group. in the present study, one novel gene cluster coding lantibiotic cerecidins was unveiled in bacillus cereus strain as 1.1846 through genomic mining and pcr screening. the designated cer locus is different from that of conventional class ii lantibiotics in that it included seven tandem precursor cera genes ...201424532070
antimicrobial activity of traditional medicinal plants from ankober district, north shewa zone, amhara region, ethiopia.traditional medicinal plants have long been used in ethiopia to treat human and livestock ailments. despite a well-documented rich tradition of medicinal plant use in the country, their direct antimicrobial effects are still poorly known.201424392738
development of a selective and differential medium for capsulated lactococcus garvieae.a selective and differential medium termed 'lg agar' was developed for the isolation and presumptive identification of lactococcus garvieae that results in black colonies with red halos. in this study, all 14 strains of l. garvieae and only 9 of the 148 strains representing 38 other species were able to grow on the lg agar. the nine viable strains on lg agar plates (including enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, lactococcus lactis, vibrio fluvialis, vibrio furnissii, vibrio mimicus and v ...201424033791
comparative analysis of pathogenic organisms in cockroaches from different community settings in edo state, nigeria.cockroaches are abundant in nigeria and are seen to harbour an array of pathogens. environmental and sanitary conditions associated with demographic/socio-economic settings of an area could contribute to the prevalence of disease pathogens in cockroaches. a total of 246 cockroaches (periplaneta americana) in urban (benin, n=91), semi-urban (ekpoma, n=75) and rural (emuhi, n=70) settings in edo state, nigeria were collected within and around households. the external body surfaces and alimentary c ...201424850961
chemical composition and bioactivity of the volatile oil from leaves and stems of eucalyptus cinerea.eucalyptus cinerea f. muell. ex benth. (myrtaceae) is a medium-sized tree cultivated in egypt.201425026361
protein content analysis and antimicrobial activity of the crude venom of montivipera bornmuelleri; a viper from lebanon.viperidae snakes venoms represent a source of efficient bioactive components that have already led to the development of several new drugs. in this work, we analyzed the protein content of the montivipera bornmuelleri crude venom using lc-esi-ms, sephadex g-75 gel filtration and sds-page and demonstrated the presence of proteins with molecular masses corresponding to metalloprotease iii, serine-protease and pla2 in three fractions collected after gel filtration. equally, we examined the antimicr ...201424853875
diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with fresh coffee cherries in taiwan.a total of 102 lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from three different coffee farms in taiwan. these isolates were classified and identified by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16s ribosomal dna. heterofermentative leuconostoc, and weissella species were the most common lab found in two farms located at an approximate altitude of 800 m. lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was the most common lab found in the remaining farm was located at an approximate a ...201424292770
antimicrobial activity, toxicity and selectivity index of two biflavonoids and a flavone isolated from podocarpus henkelii (podocarpaceae) leaves.different parts of podocarpus henkelii have been used in many cultures around the world to treat ailments such as cholera, stomach diseases, rheumatism, cancer, canine distemper in dogs and gall sickness in cattle. the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activity and toxicity of isolated compounds from podocarpus henkelii after an earlier study indicated a promising activity in crude extracts against viral pathogens of veterinary importance.201425293523
new bacterial composition in primary and persistent/secondary endodontic infections with respect to clinical and radiographic findings.the aim of the present study was to analyze the microbiota of primary and secondary/persistent endodontic infections of patients undergoing endodontic treatment with respect to clinical and radiographic findings.201424767562
is there a need for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis in patients undergoing urological procedures?heart valve repair or replacement is a serious problem.the focused update on infective endocarditis of american college of cardiology/american heart association 2008 (acc/aha guidelines) and guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009) of the european society of cardiology (esc guidelines) describe prophylaxis against infective endocarditis as not recommended for urinary tract procedures in the absence of active infection. a statistical asso ...201424566724
antibiofilm efficacy of photosensitizer-functionalized bioactive nanoparticles on multispecies biofilm.newer disinfection strategies based on antibacterial nanoparticles and photodynamic therapy (pdt) aim to eliminate residual biofilm bacteria during root canal treatment. the aim of the current study was to test the newly developed rose bengal-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles (csrbnps) for their interaction/uptake with monospecies bacteria/biofilm and assess their antibiofilm efficacy on a multispecies biofilm model in vitro.201425260731
individual growth detection of bacterial species in an in vitro oral polymicrobial biofilm model.most in vitro studies on the antibacterial effects of antiseptics have used planktonic bacteria in monocultures. however, this study design does not reflect the in vivo situation in oral cavities harboring different bacterial species that live in symbiotic relationships in biofilms. the aim of this study was to establish a simple in vitro polymicrobial model consisting of only three bacterial strains of different phases of oral biofilm formation to simulate in vivo oral conditions. therefore, we ...201425119373
improving photodynamic inactivation of bacteria in dentistry: highly effective and fast killing of oral key pathogens with novel tooth-colored type-ii photosensitizers.increasing antibiotic resistances in microorganisms create serious problems in public health. this demands alternative approaches for killing pathogens to supplement standard treatment methods. photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (pib) uses light activated photosensitizers (ps) to generate reactive oxygen species immediately upon illumination, inducing lethal phototoxicity. positively charged phenalen-1-one derivatives are a new generation of ps for light-mediated killing of pathogens with out ...201424884918
antibiotic resistance and capacity for biofilm formation of different bacteria isolated from endodontic infections associated with root-filled teeth.to date, a variety of microbial species have been isolated from endodontic infections. however, endodontic clinical bacterial isolates have not been sufficiently characterized with regard to their capacity for antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. in this study, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of 47 different aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates, belonging to 32 different species previously isolated from infected filled root canals, were studied.201424461408
antimicrobial activity and sar study of new gemini imidazolium-based chlorides.a series of 70 new 3,3'(α,ω-dioxaalkyl)bis(1-alkylimidazolium) chlorides were synthesized. they were characterized with respect to surface active properties and antimicrobial activity against the following pathogens: staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, acinetobacter baumannii, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida krusei, and candida albicans. in this article, besides description of the synthesis, we characterize a set of feature ...201424112802
changing pattern of infectious agents in postneurosurgical meningitis.the rates of postneurosurgical infections, particularly meningitis and the most common pathogens have been reported variable during the recent years. the aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of postneurosurgical meningitis and its current spectrum of infectious agent.201425202446
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of alcoholic extracts obtained from vegetative organs of a. retroflexus.in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of amaranthus retroflexus leaves and inflorescence alcoholic (ethanol 70%) extracts of various concentrations ranging from 0.78 to 400 μl/ml were analyzed on different clinical and reference bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtills, enterococcus faecalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii) and fungal strains (candida albicans, c. famata, c. utilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae) ...201425518569
stable synthetic mono-substituted cationic bacteriochlorins mediate selective broad-spectrum photoinactivation of drug-resistant pathogens at nanomolar concentrations.three stable synthetic mono-substituted cationic bacteriochlorins (bc37, bc38 and bc39) were recently reported to show exceptional activity (low nanomolar) in mediating photodynamic killing of human cancer cells after a 24h incubation upon excitation with near-infrared light (730 nm). the presence of cationic quaternary ammonium groups in each compound suggested likely activity as antimicrobial photosensitizers. herein this hypothesis was tested against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms that ...201425463659
efficacy of debridement for early periprosthetic joint infection after hip arthroplasty.in early prosthetic joint infection after hip arthroplasty, debridement with prosthesis retention may be performed for implant salvage, but the reported success rates are highly variable. hence we reviewed the outcome of radical debridement and retention of prosthesis using established diagnostic criteria and surgical procedures in relation to significant variables including clinical characteristics, pathogenicity, and antibiotic treatment.201427536586
central line-associated bloodstream infection in a trauma intensive care unit: impact of implementation of society for healthcare epidemiology of america/infectious diseases society of america practice guidelines.this study aimed to assess the impact implementation of the basic society for healthcare epidemiology of america/infectious diseases society of america (shea/idsa) practice recommendations in reducing central line-associated bloodstream infection (clabsi) in intensive care units (icus).201425087138
in vitro antimicrobial activity of medilox® super-oxidized water.super-oxidized water is one of the broad spectrum disinfectants, which was introduced recently. there are many researches to find reliable chemicals which are effective, inexpensive, easy to obtain and use, and effective for disinfection of microorganisms leading hospital infections. antimicrobial activity of super-oxidized water is promising. the aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of medilox® super-oxidized water that is approved ...201425023905
development of an immunochromatographic test with anti-lipl32-coupled gold nanoparticles for leptospira detection.detection of antibody specific to leptospira by various immunological techniques has been used for leptospirosis diagnosis. however, the sensitivity of antibody detection during the first few days after infection is low. molecular techniques are suggested to provide earlier diagnosis than antibody detection, but a rapid and easy to perform assay for leptospira antigen detection would provide an additional useful tool for disease diagnosis. in this study, we coupled gold nanoparticles with antibo ...201424858647
antibacterial activity of tham trisphenylguanide against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.this study investigated the potential antibacterial activity of three series of compounds synthesized from 12 linear and branched polyamines with 2-8 amino groups, which were substituted to produce the corresponding guanides, biguanides, or phenylguanides, against acinetobacter baumannii, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. antibacterial activity was measured for each compound by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration against the b ...201424840307
paenibacterin, a novel broad-spectrum lipopeptide antibiotic, neutralises endotoxins and promotes survival in a murine model of pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced sepsis.paenibacterin, produced by paenibacillus thiaminolyticus osy-se, is active both against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis. paenibacterin showed relatively low cytotoxicity against a human kidney cell line (atcc crl-2190), with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50)≥109μg/ml. the cationic paenibacterin molecule ...201424802906
microbicidal and anti-inflammatory effects of actinomadura spadix (eha-2) active metabolites from himalayan soils, india.actinomycetes play an essential role in producing several bioactive compounds. in the present study, microbicidal and anti-inflammatory effects of metabolites from actinomycetes were investigated. actinomycetes were isolated from north eastern himalayan soil samples, india. the actinomycetes were investigated for their microbicidal property by conventional method and the active actinomycetes were identified by 16s rdna sequence analyses. further the metabolites were extracted and fractionated to ...201423821127
microbiological profile of orbital abscess.knowledge of the culture and sensitivity pattern is necessary, for the institution of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy in orbital abscess.201422885199
prevalence of antibacterial resistant bacterial contaminants from mobile phones of hospital inpatients.mobile phones contaminated with bacteria may act as fomites. antibiotic resistant bacterial contamination of mobile phones of inpatients was studied. one hundred and six samples were collected from mobile phones of patients admitted in various hospitals in jazan province of saudi arabia. eighty-nine (83.9%) out of 106 mobile phones were found to be contaminated with bacteria. fifty-two (49.0%) coagulase-negative staphylococcus, 12 (11.3%) staphylococcus aureus, 7 (6.6%) enterobacter cloacae, 3 ( ...201425292217
persistence of microbial communities including pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital environment: a potential health hazard.the persistence of microbial communities and how they change in indoor environments is of immense interest to public health. moreover, hospital acquired infections are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. evidence suggests that, in hospital environments agent transfer between surfaces causes healthcare associated infections in humans, and that surfaces are an important transmission route and may act as a reservoir for some of the pathogens.this study aimed to evaluate the diversi ...201424885173
determination of kinetics and the crystal structure of a novel type 2 isopentenyl diphosphate: dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase from streptococcus pneumoniae.isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (idi) is a key enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and is required for all organisms that synthesize isoprenoid metabolites from mevalonate. type 1 idi (idi-1) is a metalloprotein that is found in eukaryotes, whereas the type 2 isoform (idi-2) is a flavoenzyme found in bacteria that is completely absent from human. idi-2 from the pathogenic bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae was recombinantly expressed in escherichia coli. steady-state kinetic studies ...201424910111
new insights into the antimicrobial effect of mast cells against enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis has emerged as an important cause of life-threatening multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in the hospital setting. the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections has remained a relatively neglected field despite their obvious clinical relevance. the objective of this study was to characterize the interactions between mast cells (mcs), an innate immune cell population abundant in the intestinal lamina propria, and e. faecalis. this study was conducted with primary bone mar ...201425114115
human pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses in drosophila: disease modeling, lessons, and shortcomings.drosophila has been the invertebrate model organism of choice for the study of innate immune responses during the past few decades. many drosophila-microbe interaction studies have helped to define innate immunity pathways, and significant effort has been made lately to decipher mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis. here we catalog 68 bacterial, fungal, and viral species studied in flies, 43 of which are relevant to human health. we discuss studies of human pathogens in flies revealing not only ...201424398387
inefficient translation renders the enterococcus faecalis fabk enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase phenotypically cryptic.enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase catalyzes the last step of the bacterial fatty acid elongation cycle. enterococcus faecalis is unusual in that it encodes two unrelated enoyl-acp reductases, fabi and fabk. we recently reported that deletion of the gene encoding fabi results in an unsaturated fatty acid (ufa) auxotroph despite the presence of fabk, a gene encoding a second fully functional enoyl-acp reductase. by process of elimination, our prior report argued that poor expression was t ...201424163335
antimicrobial effect of ozonated water, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in primary molar root canals.the aim was to determine the antimicrobial effect of ozonated water, ozonated water with ultrasonication, sodium hypochloride and chlorhexidine (chx) in human primary root canals contaminated by enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis).201425512726
characterization of aid1, a novel gene involved in fusobacterium nucleatum interspecies interactions.the oral opportunistic pathogen fusobacterium nucleatum is known to interact with a large number of different bacterial species residing in the oral cavity. it adheres to a variety of gram-positive bacteria, including oral streptococci via the arginine-inhibitable adhesin radd. in this study, we describe a novel protein encoded by the predicted open reading frame fn1253 that appears to play a role in interspecies interactions of f. nucleatum, particularly with oral streptococci and related gram- ...201424643713
a tir domain protein from e. faecalis attenuates myd88-mediated signaling and nf-κb activation.toll-like receptor signaling, mediated by functional toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domains, plays a critical role in activating the innate immune response responsible for controlling and clearing infection. bacterial protein mimics of components of this signaling pathway have been identified and function through inhibition of interactions between toll-like receptors (tlrs) and their adaptor proteins, mediated by tir domains. a previously uncharacterized gene, which we have named tcpf (for ti ...201425369374
the tir domain containing locus of enterococcus faecalis is predominant among urinary tract infection isolates and downregulates host inflammatory response.based on toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain structure homology, we detected a previously uncharacterized gene encoding for a tir domain containing protein (tcp) in the genome of enterococcus faecalis. we assigned this gene the name tcpf (as in tcp of e. faecalis). screening of e. faecalis samples revealed that tcpf is more common in isolates from urinary tract infections (utis) than in human faecal flora. tcpf alleles showed moderate single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) among uti isolates. ...201425147569
endoe from enterococcus faecalis hydrolyzes the glycans of the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin and mediates growth.glycosidases are widespread among bacteria. the opportunistic human pathogen enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. the identified endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase endoe has activity on the n-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin g (igg). in this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hlf) as a new substrate for endoe. hydrolysis of the n-glycans from hlf was investigated using lectin blot, uhplc and mass spectr ...201424608122
bacteriology and drug susceptibility analysis of pus from patients with severe intra-abdominal infection induced by abdominal trauma.the aim of the present study was to retrospectively analyze the bacteriology and drug susceptibility of pus flora from abdominal trauma patients with severe intra-abdominal infection (siai). a total of 41 patients with siai induced by abdominal trauma were enrolled in the study, from which 123 abdominal pus samples were obtained. the results from laboratory microbiology and drug sensitivity were subjected to susceptibility analysis using whonet software. a total of 297 strains were isolated in w ...201424940451
surface free energy activated high-throughput cell sorting.cell sorting is an important screening process in microbiology, biotechnology, and clinical research. existing methods are mainly based on single-cell analysis as in flow cytometric and microfluidic cell sorters. here we report a label-free bulk method for sorting cells by differentiating their characteristic surface free energies (sfes). we demonstrated the feasibility of this method by sorting model binary cell mixtures of various bacterial species, including pseudomonas putida kt2440, enteroc ...201425184988
oxidative stress enhances the expression of sulfur assimilation genes: preliminary insights on the enterococcus faecalis iron-sulfur cluster machinery regulation.the firmicutes bacteria participate extensively in virulence and pathological processes. enterococcus faecalis is a commensal microorganism; however, it is also a pathogenic bacterium mainly associated with nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. iron-sulfur [fe-s] clusters are inorganic prosthetic groups involved in diverse biological processes, whose in vivo formation requires several specific protein machineries. escherichia coli is one of the most frequently studied microorganis ...201424936909
enterococcus faecalis infection activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling to block apoptotic cell death in macrophages.apoptosis is an intrinsic immune defense mechanism in the host response to microbial infection. not surprisingly, many pathogens have evolved various strategies to manipulate this important pathway to benefit their own survival and dissemination in the host during infection. to our knowledge, no attempts have been made to explore the host cell survival signals modulated by the bacterium enterococcus faecalis. here, we show for the first time that during early stages of infection, internalized en ...201425267834
ceftobiprole activity against over 60,000 clinical bacterial pathogens isolated in europe, turkey, and israel from 2005 to 2010.ceftobiprole medocaril is a newly approved drug in europe for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) (excluding patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia but including ventilated hap patients) and community-acquired pneumonia in adults. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole against prevalent gram-positive and -negative pathogens isolated in europe, turkey, and israel during 2005 through 2010. a total of 60,084 consecutive, nondu ...201424777091
involvement of enterococcus faecalis small rnas in stress response and virulence.candidate small rnas (srnas) have recently been identified in enterococcus faecalis, a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, and six of these candidate srnas with unknown functions were selected for a functional study. deletion mutants and complemented strains were constructed, and their virulence was tested. we were unable to obtain the ef0869-0870 mutant, likely due to an essential role, and the ef0820-0821 srna seemed not to be involved in virulence. in contrast, the mutant lacking ef0408-040 ...201424914223
prgk, a multidomain peptidoglycan hydrolase, is essential for conjugative transfer of the pheromone-responsive plasmid pcf10.peptidoglycan (pg) hydrolases associated with bacterial type iv secretion systems (t4sss) are thought to generate localized lesions in the pg layer to facilitate assembly of the translocation channel. the pheromone-responsive plasmid pcf10 of enterococcus faecalis encodes a putative cell wall hydrolase, prgk, and here we report that a prgk deletion abolished functionality of the pcf10-encoded t4ss as monitored by pcf10 conjugative transfer. expression in trans of wild-type prgk fully complemente ...201424244005
microbial population dynamics in the hemolymph of manduca sexta infected with xenorhabdus nematophila and the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae.xenorhabdus nematophila engages in a mutualistic association with the nematode steinernema carpocapsae. the nematode invades and traverses the gut of susceptible insects. x. nematophila is released in the insect blood (hemolymph), where it suppresses host immune responses and functions as a pathogen. x. nematophila produces diverse antimicrobials in laboratory cultures. the natural competitors that x. nematophila encounters in the hemolymph and the role of antimicrobials in interspecies competit ...201424814780
recurring hyperammonemic encephalopathy induced by bacteria usually not producing urease.hyperammonemic encephalopathy may occur when urease-positive bacteria in the urinary tract produce ammonium which directly enters systemic circulation. predisposing conditions such as a neurogenic bladder can increase both urinary tract infection and urine stagnation.201424884855
synthetic teichoic acid conjugate vaccine against nosocomial gram-positive bacteria.lipoteichoic acids (lta) are amphiphilic polymers that are important constituents of the cell wall of many gram-positive bacteria. the chemical structures of lta vary among organisms, albeit in the majority of gram-positive bacteria the ltas feature a common poly-1,3-(glycerolphosphate) backbone. previously, the specificity of opsonic antibodies for this backbone present in some gram-positive bacteria has been demonstrated, suggesting that this minimal structure may be sufficient for vaccine dev ...201425333799
the skpo-1 peroxidase functions in the hypodermis to protect caenorhabditis elegans from bacterial infection.in recent years, the synergistic relationship between nadph oxidase (nox)/dual oxidase (duox) enzymes and peroxidases has received increased attention. peroxidases utilize nox/duox-generated h2o2 for a myriad of functions including, but not limited to, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, cross-linking extracellular matrices (ecm), and immune defense. we postulated that one or more peroxidases produced by caenorhabditis elegans would act in host defense, possibly in conjunction with bli-3, the only nox ...201424621828
occurrence of urinary tract infection in adolescent and adult women of shanty town in dhaka city, bangladesh.urinary tract infection (uti) is commonly experienced by women of various age groups especially elderly ones. we planned to find out the prevalent microbial strains causing uti in slum inhabitant adolescent and adult women in dhaka city, bangladesh.201424795516
acanthamoeba and bacteria produce antimicrobials to target their counterpart.in the microbial ecosystem, microbes compete for space and nutrients. consequently, some have developed the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of other competing microbes by producing antimicrobial substances. as the 'producer' species are generally immune to these substances, their compounds act on the competing microbial species and give the producer more space and access to nutrients for growth. many currently used antibiotics were developed by exploiting this potential of certain microbes ...201424479709
isolation and identification of symbiotic bacteria from the skin, mouth, and rectum of wild and captive tree shrews.endosymbionts influence many aspects of their hosts' health conditions, including physiology, development, immunity, metabolism, etc. tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinensis) have attracted increasing attention in modeling human diseases and therapeutic responses due to their close relationship with primates. to clarify the situation of symbiotic bacteria from their body surface, oral cavity, and anus, 12 wild and 12 the third generation of captive tree shrews were examined. based on morphologic ...201425465085
decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated toxic diazo dye c.i. direct red 81 by enterococcus faecalis yz 66.isolated enterococcus faecalis yz 66 strain shows ability to decolorize various industrial dyes among which, it showed complete decolorization and degradation of toxic, sulfonated recalcitrant diazo dye direct red 81 (50 mg/l) within 1.5 h of incubation under static anoxic condition. the optimum ph and temperature for decolorization was 7.0 and 40°c, respectively. significant induction in the activity of intracellular oxidoreductive enzymes suggested its involvement in the decolorization of dire ...201425649265
comparison of culture, conventional and real-time pcr methods for listeria monocytogenes in foods.we compared standard culture methods as well as conventional pcr and real-time pcr for the detection of listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) in milk, cheese, fresh-cut vegetables, and raw beef that have different levels of background microflora. no statistical differences were observed in sensitivity between the two selective media in all foods. in total, real-time pcr assay exhibited statistically excellent detection sensitivity (p<0.05) and was less time consuming and laborious as compare ...201426761501
impact of minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints on local cumulative bacterial susceptibility data and antibiotic consumption.the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of bacteria depends on minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints issued by national and international breakpoint committees. the current study was performed in order to test the influence of different ast standards on local cumulative ast data and on antibiotic consumption.201425185565
low-shear force associated with modeled microgravity and spaceflight does not similarly impact the virulence of notable bacterial pathogens.as their environments change, microbes experience various threats and stressors, and in the hypercompetitive microbial world, dynamism and the ability to rapidly respond to such changes allow microbes to outcompete their nutrient-seeking neighbors. viewed in that light, the very difference between microbial life and death depends on effective stress response mechanisms. in addition to the more commonly studied temperature, nutritional, and chemical stressors, research has begun to characterize m ...201425149449
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from the tunisian allium nigrum l.the chemical composition of the essential oils of different allium nigrum l. organs and the antibacterial activity were evaluated. the study is particularly interesting because hitherto there are no reports on the antibacterial screening of this species with specific chemical composition. therefore, essential oils from different organs (flowers, stems, leaves and bulbs) obtained separately by hydrodistillation were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the antibacterial ac ...201426417280
insusceptibility to disinfectants in bacteria from animals, food and humans-is there a link to antimicrobial resistance?enterococcus faecalis (n = 834) and enterococcus faecium (n = 135) from blood and feces of hospitalized humans, from feces of outpatients and livestock and from food were screened for their susceptibility to a quaternary ammonium compound (didecyldimethylammoniumchloride, ddac) and to 28 antibiotics by micro-/macrodilution. the maximum ddac-mic in our field study was 3.5 mg/l, but after adaptation in the laboratory, mic values of 21.9 mg/l were observed. strains for which ddac had mics > 1.4 mg/ ...201424672513
rapid whole-genome sequencing for detection and characterization of microorganisms directly from clinical samples.whole-genome sequencing (wgs) is becoming available as a routine tool for clinical microbiology. if applied directly on clinical samples, this could further reduce diagnostic times and thereby improve control and treatment. a major bottleneck is the availability of fast and reliable bioinformatic tools. this study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of wgs directly on clinical samples and to develop easy-to-use bioinformatic tools for the analysis of sequencing data. thirty-five random u ...201424172157
phage neutralization by sera of patients receiving phage therapy.the aim of our investigation was to verify whether phage therapy (pt) can induce antiphage antibodies. the antiphage activity was determined in sera from 122 patients from the phage therapy unit in wrocław with bacterial infections before and during pt, and in sera from 30 healthy volunteers using a neutralization test. furthermore, levels of antiphage antibodies were investigated in sera of 19 patients receiving staphylococcal phages and sera of 20 healthy volunteers using enzyme-linked immunos ...201424893003
amikacin-fosfomycin at a five-to-two ratio: characterization of mutation rates in microbial strains causing ventilator-associated pneumonia and interactions with commonly used antibiotics.the amikacin-fosfomycin inhalation system (afis), a combination of antibiotics administered with an in-line nebulizer delivery system, is being developed for adjunctive treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). the in vitro characterization of amikacin-fosfomycin (at a 5:2 ratio) described here included determining resistance selection rates for pathogens that are representative of those commonly associated with vap (including multidrug-resistant strains) and evaluating interactions wi ...201424752276
effect of proton pump inhibitors on in vitro activity of tigecycline against several common clinical pathogens.in this study, we evaluated the effect of proton pump inhibitors (ppis) on in vitro antimicrobial activity of tigecycline against several species of clinical pathogens. clinical non-duplicate isolates of acinetobacter baumannii, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis and three species of enterobacteriaceae (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia and enterobacter cloacae) were collected from a tertiary hospital and their mics of tigecycline alone and in combination with ppis (omeprazole, la ...201424466210
evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of plant extracts from southern minas gerais cerrado.the antimicrobial activity of plant hidroethanolic extracts on bacteria gram positive, gram negative, yeasts, mycobacterium tuberculosis h37 and mycobacterium bovis was evaluated by using the technique of agar diffusion and microdilution in broth. among the extracts evaluated by agar diffusion, the extract of bidens pilosa leaf presented the most expressive average of haloes of growth inhibition to the microorganisms, followed by the extract of b. pilosa flower, of eugenia pyriformis' leaf and s ...201424553603
bacterial pathogens related to chronic suppurative otitis media in individuals with cleft palate: bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction.to characterize the microbial etiology of chronic suppurative otitis media comparing the methods of classical bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction.201422594401
use of selected lactic acid bacteria in the eradication of helicobacter pylori infection.helicobacter pylori is among the major pathogenic bacteria that cause chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and is related to the development of gastric cancer. several chemicals, including antibiotics, have been used to eradicate h. pylori; however, they do not always curb the infection. ten representative type strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) were screened for antagonism toward h. pylori via inhibition of urease activity. strains inhibiting the binding of h. pylori to human gastric c ...201425277407
decade-long use of the antimicrobial peptide combination tyrothricin does not pose a major risk of acquired resistance with gram-positive bacteria and candida spp.tyrothricin, an antimicrobial peptide combination produced by bacillus brevis consisting of gramicidins and tyrocidins commands broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria and some yeasts in vitro. the polypeptide and its components have been used therapeutically for about 60 years in the local treatment of infected skin and infected oro-pharyngeal mucous membranes. though older studies suggest that resistance development of originally susceptible microorganisms towards tyrothric ...201425985581
microbiota characterization of a belgian protected designation of origin cheese, herve cheese, using metagenomic analysis.herve cheese is a belgian soft cheese with a washed rind, and is made from raw or pasteurized milk. the specific microbiota of this cheese has never previously been fully explored and the use of raw or pasteurized milk in addition to starters is assumed to affect the microbiota of the rind and the heart. the aim of the study was to analyze the bacterial microbiota of herve cheese using classical microbiology and a metagenomic approach based on 16s ribosomal dna pyrosequencing. using classical mi ...201425064656
enhanced free fatty acid production by codon-optimized lactococcus lactis acyl-acp thioesterase gene expression in escherichia coli using crude glycerol.fatty acid production and composition are determined by the type of acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (acyl-acp tes) expressed in escherichia coli. bacterial acyl-acp tes from lactococcus lactis (sgjs47), enterococcus faecalis (sgjs49), and burkholderia cepacia (sgjs50) were codon-optimized and expressed in e. coli for enhanced fatty acid production. samples were extracted at the lag, log, and stationary phases of cell growth, and gene expression levels of the codon optimized acy-acp tes a ...201425442943
experimental study of the impact of antimicrobial treatments on campylobacter, enterococcus and pcr-capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles of the gut microbiota of chickens.an experiment was conducted to compare the impact of antimicrobial treatments on the susceptibility of campylobacter, enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis, and on the diversity of broiler microbiota. specific-pathogen-free chickens were first orally inoculated with strains of campylobacter and enterococcus faecium. birds were then orally treated with recommended doses of oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine/trimethoprim, amoxicillin or enrofloxacin. faecal samples were collected before, d ...201425142966
phytochemical investigation and anti-microbial activity of clausena anisata (willd), hook.clausena anisata belongs to the family rutaceae, a shrub widely used in west africa for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections of the skin including boils, ringworm and eczema. the study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol leaf extract of c. anisata (cle).201425371583
[bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between april 2010 and march 2011].bacteria isolated from surgical infections during the period from april 2010 to march 2011 were investigated in a multicenter study in japan, and the following results were obtained. in this series, 631 strains including 25 strains of candida spp. were isolated from 170 (81.7%) of 208 patients with surgical infections. four hundred and twenty two strains were isolated from primary infections, and 184 strains were isolated from surgical site infection. from primary infections, anaerobic gram-nega ...201425549405
differential susceptibility of bacteria to mouse paneth cell α-defensins under anaerobic conditions.small intestinal paneth cells secrete α-defensin peptides, termed cryptdins (crps) in mice, into the intestinal lumen, where they confer immunity to oral infections and define the composition of the ileal microbiota. in these studies, facultative bacteria maintained under aerobic or anaerobic conditions displayed differential sensitivities to mouse α-defensins under in vitro assay conditions. regardless of oxygenation, crps 2 and 3 had robust and similar bactericidal activities against s. typhim ...201425383215
anaerobic bacteria grow within candida albicans biofilms and induce biofilm formation in suspension cultures.the human microbiome contains diverse microorganisms, which share and compete for the same environmental niches. a major microbial growth form in the human body is the biofilm state, where tightly packed bacterial, archaeal, and fungal cells must cooperate and/or compete for resources in order to survive. we examined mixed biofilms composed of the major fungal species of the gut microbiome, candida albicans, and each of five prevalent bacterial gastrointestinal inhabitants: bacteroides fragilis, ...201425308076
evaluation of detachment methods for the enumeration of bacteroides fragilis in sediments via propidium monoazide quantitative pcr, in comparison with enterococcus faecalis and escherichia coli.the aim was to develop an optimized detachment method for separating bacteroidales from sediments to allow enumeration via pma-qpcr. the effectiveness of four different detachment treatments in removing bacteroides fragilis was compared as a function of time as well as in relation to enterococcus faecalis and escherichia coli as detected by cultivation and qpcr.201425175698
arda proteins from different mobile genetic elements can bind to the ecoki type i dna methyltransferase of e. coli k12.anti-restriction and anti-modification (anti-rm) is the ability to prevent cleavage by dna restriction-modification (rm) systems of foreign dna entering a new bacterial host. the evolutionary consequence of anti-rm is the enhanced dissemination of mobile genetic elements. homologues of arda anti-rm proteins are encoded by genes present in many mobile genetic elements such as conjugative plasmids and transposons within bacterial genomes. the arda proteins cause anti-rm by mimicking the dna struct ...201424368349
spiromastixones a-o, antibacterial chlorodepsidones from a deep-sea-derived spiromastix sp. fungus.fifteen new depsidone-based analogues named spiromastixones a-o (1-15) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a deep-sea spiromastix sp. fungus. their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive nmr and mass spectroscopic analysis in association with chemical conversion. spiromastixones a-o are classified into two subtypes based on the orientation of ring c relative to ring a, while the n-propyl substituents on rings a and c are rarely seen in natural products. most analogues are ...201424571273
identification and characterization of a bacitracin resistance network in enterococcus faecalis.resistance of enterococcus faecalis against antimicrobial peptides, both of host origin and produced by other bacteria of the gut microflora, is likely to be an important factor in the bacterium's success as an intestinal commensal. the aim of this study was to identify proteins with a role in resistance against the model antimicrobial peptide bacitracin. proteome analysis of bacitracin-treated and untreated cells showed that bacitracin stress induced the expression of cell wall-biosynthetic pro ...201424342648
synthesis, antibacterial, antioxidant activity and qsar studies of novel 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole analogues.a novel series of 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole analogues (3a-p) was designed and synthesized in excellent yields using a rapid, simple, efficient methodology. sixteen novel compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activities against eleven bacteria, namely, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pneumonia, citrobacter freundii, cronobacter sakazakii, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, yersinia pestis, and pseud ...201425450634
improved antibacterial behavior of titanium surface with torularhodin-polypyrrole film.the problem of microorganisms attaching and proliferating on implants and medical devices surfaces is still attracting interest in developing research on different coatings based on antibacterial agents. the aim of this work is centered on modifying titanium (ti) based implants surfaces through incorporation of a natural compound with antimicrobial effect, torularhodin (t), by means of a polypyrrole (ppy) film. this study tested the potential antimicrobial activity of the new coating against a r ...201425063174
multispecies biofilm in an artificial wound bed--a novel model for in vitro assessment of solid antimicrobial dressings.wound infections represent a major problem, particularly in patients with chronic wounds. bacteria in the wound exist mainly in the form of biofilms and are thus resistant to most antibiotics and antimicrobials. a simple and cost-effective in vitro model of chronic wound biofilms applied for testing treatments and solid devices, especially wound dressings, is presented in this work. the method is based on the well-established lubbock chronic wound biofilm transferred onto an artificial agar woun ...201424880129
synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles loaded with silver.carboxymethyl chitosan (cmch)-silver nanoparticle (ag) hydrogels with high antibacterial activity against three gram +ve bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and streptococcus faecalis), three gram -ve bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and neisseria gonorrhoeae) and a candida albicans fungus were prepared. the in situ preparation reaction involved crosslinking of cmch with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium containing silver nitrate to yield silver nanoparticles lo ...201424857868
poultry farm hygiene: microbiological quality assessment of drinking water used in layer chickens managed under the battery cage and deep litter systems at three poultry farms in southwestern nigeria.water troughs from deep litter and caged chicken water troughs (drinkers) fixed to each of the different 3-tier cages containing layer chickens in farms a, b and c were subjected to a 7-day study which involved the monitoring of poultry farm hygiene. drinkers were washed before filling with water on day 1. for days 3, 5 and 7 water was served without prior washing. the occurrence and characterization of the bacteria isolates were investigated and data obtained were analyzed and compared. for the ...201424783781
characterization of sal(a), a novel gene responsible for lincosamide and streptogramin a resistance in staphylococcus sciuri.natural resistance to lincosamides and streptogramins a (lsa), which is a species characteristic of bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis, has never been documented in the staphylococcus genus. we investigate here the molecular basis of the lsa phenotype exhibited by seven reference strains of staphylococcus sciuri, including the type strains of the three described subspecies. by whole-genome sequencing of strain atcc 29059, we identified a candidate gene that encodes an atp-binding casset ...201424687494
bacillus subtilis as a platform for molecular characterisation of regulatory mechanisms of enterococcus faecalis resistance against cell wall antibiotics.to combat antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecalis, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms, particularly of antibiotic detection, signal transduction and gene regulation is needed. because molecular studies in this bacterium can be challenging, we aimed at exploiting the genetically highly tractable gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis as a heterologous host. two fundamentally different regulators of e. faecalis resistance against cell wall antibiotics, the bacitracin ...201424676422
chemical assessment and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from costus spiralis (jacq.) roscoe (costaceae).costus spiralis (costaceae) is a species native to the amazon region and is used in traditional medicine. the endophytic fungi used in this study were obtained from leaves of this plant. 13 strains were selected to obtain hydroethanolic extracts and were submitted to hydroalcoholic extraction and evaluated for antioxidant activity by dpph (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil) and frap (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and all of the fungi had positive results. the antimicrobial action of crude extra ...201425587339
characterization of ambrette seed oil and its mode of action in bacteria.in the present study, chemical composition and the antibacterial mechanism of ambrette seed oil are investigated. chemical composition of the oil was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). thirty-five compounds were identified and the major compounds were found to be farnesol acetate (51.45%) and ambrettolide (12.96%). the antibacterial activity was performed by well diffusion assay and the mechanisms were studied by measuring the alkaline phosphatase (alp), lactate dehydrogen ...201425551188
influence of trace elements mixture on bacterial diversity and fermentation characteristics of liquid diet fermented with probiotics under air-tight condition.cu2+, zn2+, fe2+ and i- are often supplemented to the diet of suckling and early weaning piglets, but little information is available regarding the effects of different cu2+, zn2+, fe2+ and i- mixtures on bacteria growth, diversity and fermentation characteristics of fermented liquid diet for piglets. pyrosequencing was performed to investigate the effect of cu2+, zn2+, fe2+ and i- mixtures on the diversity, growth and fermentation characteristics of bacteria in the liquid diet fermented with ba ...201425486254
identification of cultivable bacteria in the intestinal tract of bactrocera dorsalis from three different populations and determination of their attractive potential.this study aimed to identify the cultivable bacteria inhabiting the intestinal tract of adult oriental fruit flies (bactrocera dorsalis) from laboratory-reared, laboratory sterile sugar-reared, and field-collected populations, and to evaluate the attractiveness of the metabolites produced by the above bacteria to their hosts.201423696217
the diversity and antimicrobial activity of preussia sp. endophytes isolated from australian dry rainforests.limited knowledge currently exists regarding species diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic isolates of preussia within australia. this report describes endophytic preussia species that were identified through molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region. screening for antimicrobial secondary metabolites was determined by testing crude ethyl acetate (etoac) extracts derived from fungal mycelia against a panel of atcc type strains which included bacillus cereus, escher ...201423975673
antimicrobial activity of amazon astrocaryum aculeatum extracts and its association to oxidative metabolism.several compounds present in fruits as polyphenols are able to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. these proprieties are relevant mainly in tropical areas, as amazonian region where infectious are highly prevalent. therefore, this study investigated the antimicrobial activity of tucumã amazonian fruit against 37 microorganisms. the potential role of oxidative metabolism imbalance was also studied as causal mechanism of antimicrobial activity. the results showed antibacterial effect of ...201423870852
antibacterial activity of the roots, stems and leaves of alchornea floribunda.alchornea floribunda müll. arg. is used in traditional medicine across africa for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory disorders.201424333961
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