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characterization of enzymatic profiles of aedes aegypti strains from the state of rio grande do norte, brazil.this study was conducted in four strains of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to evaluate the enzymatic activity profiles in the city of mossoró, rio grande do norte, and correlate them with biochemical mechanisms of resistance to insecticides. mosquitos were used to quantify the following detoxification enzymes: mixed-function oxidase (mfo), pnpa-esterase (pnpa-est), and acetylcholinesterase (ache). the profiles were compared statistically with profiles from the rockefeller strain, through the kruskal-w ...201626816185
aedes aegypti (l.) in latin american and caribbean region: with growing evidence for vector adaptation to climate change?within latin america and the caribbean region the impact of climate change has been associated with the effects of rainfall and temperature on seasonal outbreaks of dengue but few studies have been conducted on the impacts of climate on the behaviour and ecology of aedes aegypti mosquitoes.this study was conducted to examine the adaptive behaviours currently being employed by a. aegypti mosquitoes exposed to the force of climate change in lac countries. the literature on the association between ...201626796862
effect of cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) and syzygium aromaticum (clove) oils on the morphology and mortality of aedes aegypti and anopheles dirus larvae.cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) and syzygium aromaticum (clove) oils were evaluated to determine mortality rates, morphological aberrations, and persistence when used against third and fourth larval instars of aedes aegypti and anopheles dirus. the oils were evaluated at 1, 5, and 10 % concentrations in mixtures with soybean oil. persistence of higher concentrations was measured over a period of 10 days. for ae. aegypti, both plant oils caused various morphological aberrations to include deform ...201626796022
delivery of chitosan/dsrna nanoparticles for silencing of wing development vestigial (vg) gene in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.rna interference (rnai) has been used as a gene silencing strategy by the introduction of long double stranded rna (dsrna) for the control of pest insects. the aim of the present study was to examine whether the expression of vg gene which is responsible for wing development, can be repressed by chitosan/dsrna based nanoparticles in aedes aegypti. the vestigial gene (vg) was amplified from adult mosquito and cloned in plitmus28i vector. genetically engineered recombinant plasmid was transformed ...201626794313
larvicidal and repellent potential of zingiber nimmonii (j. graham) dalzell (zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors?mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important vectors of terms of public health relevance, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. the continuous and indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides for the control of mosquito vectors has resulted in the development of resistance and negative impacts on non-target organisms and the environment. therefore, there is a need for development of effective mosquito control tools. in this study, the larvicidal and repellent activity of zingiber ni ...201626792432
exploiting intimate relationships: controlling mosquito-transmitted disease with wolbachia.mosquito-transmitted diseases impose a growing burden on human health, and current control strategies have proven insufficient to stem the tide. the bacterium wolbachia is a novel and promising form of control for mosquito-transmitted disease. it manipulates host biology, restricts infection with dengue and other pathogens, and alters host reproduction to promote rapid spread in the field. in this review, we examine how the intimate and diverse relationships formed between wolbachia and their mo ...201626776329
calcium influx enhances neuropeptide activation of ecdysteroid hormone production by mosquito ovaries.a critical step in mosquito reproduction is the ingestion of a blood meal from a vertebrate host. in mosquitoes like aedes aegypti, blood feeding stimulates the release of ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (oeh) and insulin-like peptide 3 (ilp3). this induces the ovaries to produce ecdysteroid hormone (ecd), which then drives egg maturation. in many immature insects, prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) stimulates the prothoracic glands to produce ecd that directs molting and metamorphosis. the recep ...201626772671
temporal genetic stability of stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) populations.the mosquito stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) (diptera: culicidae) is the primary vector of viruses that cause yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya fever. in the absence of effective vaccines, the reduction of these diseases relies on vector control strategies. the success of these strategies is tightly linked to the population dynamics of target populations. in the present study, 14 collections from st. aegypti populations separated by periods of 1-13 years were analysed to determine their t ...201626744174
detection of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and aedes koreicus in the area of sochi, russia.following the identification of aedes (ae.) aegypti in the sochi area in russia at the beginning of 2000, entomological surveys were conducted during the summers of 2007, 2011, and 2012, leading to the identification of ae. albopictus and ae. koreicus. these findings highlight russia as being the only country in the world health organization european region with a documented presence of both ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes. both mosquito species are found on the coasts of the black sea ...201626741323
bioactivity and laundering resistance of five commercially available, factory-treated permethrin-impregnated fabrics for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases: the need for a standardized testing and licensing procedure.personal protective measures against hematophagous vectors constitute the first line of defense against arthropod-borne diseases. in this regard, a major advance has been the development of residual insecticides that can be impregnated into clothing. currently, however, information on specific treatment procedures, initial insecticide concentrations, arthropod toxicity, residual activity, and laundering resistance is either fragmentary or non-existent, and no world health organization pesticides ...201626738734
species distribution modelling of aedes aegypti in two dengue-endemic regions of pakistan.statistical tools are effectively used to determine the distribution of mosquitoes and to make ecological inferences about the vector-borne disease dynamics. in this study, we utilised species distribution models to understand spatial patterns of aedes aegypti in two dengue-prevalent regions of pakistan, lahore and swat. species distribution models can potentially indicate the probability of suitability of ae. aegypti once introduced to new regions like swat, where invasion of this species is a ...201626729239
determination of insecticidal effect (lc50 and lc90) of organic fatty acids mixture (c8910+silicone) against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue and associated aedes vectors are expanding their historical ranges; thus, there is a need for the development of novel insecticides for use in vector control programs. the mosquito toxicity of a novel insecticide and repellent consisting of medium-chain carbon fatty acids (c8910) was examined. determination of lc50 and lc90 was made against colony-reared aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) using probit anal ...201626718717
evaluation of clove oil, icaridin, and transfluthrin for spatial repellent effects in three tests systems against the aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).one essential oil (clove oil), one skin repellent (icaridin), and one insecticide (transfluthrin) were tested for spatial repellent effects against non-blood-fed female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes. the compounds were tested in acetone dilution series using a y-olfactometer, a double cage system, and a double room system. all compounds exhibited spatial repellent effects at certain concentrations. clove oil required relative high dosages to cause high effects (y-olfactometer 6 mg, double cage 6 ...201627651437
antimosquito property of petroselinum crispum (umbellifereae) against the pyrethroid resistant and susceptible strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the increasing and widespread resistance to conventional synthetic insecticides in vector populations has underscored the urgent need to establish alternatives in the mosquito management system. this study was carried out with the aim to investigate the antimosquito property, larvicidal and adulticidal potential, of plant products against both the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains of aedes aegypti. seventeen plant products, including essential oils and ethanolic extracts, were obtaine ...201627638800
artemisia absinthium-borne compounds as novel larvicides: effectiveness against six mosquito vectors and acute toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms.the eco-friendly control of mosquito vectors is a crucial challenge of public health importance. here we evaluated the larvicidal potential of artemisia absinthium essential oil (eo) and its three major chemical constituents against six mosquito vectors: anopheles stephensi, anopheles subpictus, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. the eo was obtained by leaf hydro-distillation. its chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass s ...201627630101
aedes aegypti in rural areas: public health implications. 201627622476
[zika: a defeat in the struggle against aedes aegypti]. 201627622433
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from mangrove plant (avicennia marina) extract and their potential mosquito larvicidal property.to identify the larvicidal activities of silver nanoparticles synthesised with avicennia marina leaf extract against the larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheleus stephensi, in vitro larvicidal activities such as lc50 and lc90 were assessed. further, characterisation such as uv and ftir analysis were carried out for the synthesised silver nanoparticles. the lc50 value of the synthesised silver nanoparticles was identified as 4.374 and 7.406 mg/l for an. stephensi and ae. aegypti larvae respectively ...201627605825
raed a 4: a new 67-kda aedes aegypti mosquito salivary allergen for the diagnosis of mosquito allergy.accurate diagnosis of mosquito allergy has been hampered by the laborious task of obtaining mosquito salivary allergens. we have previously studied 3 recombinant (r) aedes aegypti mosquito salivary allergens: raed a 1, raed a 2 and raed a 3. here, we report the expression, purification, identification and evaluation of raed a 4, a 67-kda α-glucosidase.201627603527
[effectiveness of commercial repellents against aedes aegypti (l.) in yucatan, méxico].we assessed the efficacy of commercial repellents available in yucatan against aedes aegypti, vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika.201627599081
detecting multiple dna human profile from a mosquito blood meal.criminal traces commonly found at crime scenes may present mixtures from two or more individuals. the scene of the crime is important for the collection of various types of traces in order to find the perpetrator of the crime. thus, we propose that hematophagous mosquitoes found at crime scenes can be used to perform genetic testing of human blood and aid in suspect investigation. the aim of the study was to obtain a single aedes aegypti mosquito profile from a human dna mixture containing genet ...201627706606
excito-repellency of citrus hystrix dc leaf and peel essential oils against aedes aegypti and anopheles minimus (diptera: culicidae), vectors of human pathogens.the essential oils of kaffir lime (citrus hystrix dc.) at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% v/v) were studied for their repellency, excitation, and knockdown properties against laboratory strains of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles minimus theobald using an excito-repellency test system. both contact and noncontact escape responses to leaf- and peel-derived kaffir lime oils were observed. comparing unadjusted escape responses for an. minimus, leaf oil had strong combined irr ...201627694144
wolbachia restricts insect-specific flavivirus infection in aedes aegypti cells.mosquito-borne viruses are known to cause disease in humans and livestock and are often difficult to control due to the lack of specific antivirals and vaccines. the wolbachia endosymbiont has been widely studied for its ability to restrict positive-strand rna virus infection in mosquitoes, although little is known about the precise antiviral mechanism. in recent years, a variety of insect-specific viruses have been discovered in mosquitoes and an interaction with mosquito-borne viruses has been ...201627692043
physical influence on larvicidal and pupicidal activity of the silicone-based monomolecular film.although silicone-based monomolecular film (mmf) has been accepted as larvicide in several countries, its mosquito control potential has never been investigated in thailand. laboratory assessment in this study was conducted to determine the mmf efficacy against aedes aegypti. at the recommended dosage (1ml/m(2) of water surface), mortality of pupae (99.17±0.83%) was significantly greater than mortality of old and young larvae (73.33±9.13, 11.67±3.47%; respectively). pupicidal activity was rapidl ...201627443608
anti-dengue efficacy of bioactive andrographolide from andrographis paniculata (lamiales: acanthaceae) against the primary dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the current study investigated the toxic effect of the leaf extract compound andrographolide from andrographis paniculata (burm.f) against the dengue vector ae. aegypti. gc-ms analysis revealed that andrographolide was recognized as the major chemical constituent with the prominent peak area compared with other compounds. all isolated toxic compounds were purified and confirmed through rp-hplc against chemical standards. the larvicidal assays established at 25ppm of bioactive compound against th ...201627443607
historical environmental change in africa drives divergence and admixture of aedes aegypti mosquitoes: a precursor to successful worldwide colonization?increasing globalization has promoted the spread of exotic species, including disease vectors. understanding the evolutionary processes involved in such colonizations is both of intrinsic biological interest and important to predict and mitigate future disease risks. the aedes aegypti mosquito is a major vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika, the worldwide spread of which has been facilitated by ae. aegypti's adaption to human-modified environments. understanding the evolutionary processes invo ...201627439067
efficacy of thai neem oil against aedes aegypti (l.) larvae.trees with larvicidal activity may be found in thailand. we conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and length of efficacy of thai neem (azadirachta siamensis) oil emulsion and an alginate bead of thai neem oil formulation against early fourth stage aedes aegypti larvae using a dipping test. the thai neem oil emulsion had significantly greater larvicidal activity than the alginate bead formulation at 12 to 60 hours post-exposure (p < 0.01). the thai neem oil formulation resulted in 100% mo ...201627405123
first report of leptolegnia chapmanii (peronosporomycetes: saprolegniales) affecting mosquitoes in central brazil.numerous isolates of an oomycete 'fungus', leptolegnia chapmanii, are reported from brazil for the first time. this aquatic pathogen was baited with aedes aegypti sentinel larvae from stagnant, temporary bodies of water in selected locations under secondary tropical forest in and near the central brazilian city of goiânia and from more distant sites in the western and northern regions of the state of goiás. isolates were identified based on their morphological and developmental characters, compa ...201627018147
the response of claudin-like transmembrane septate junction proteins to altered environmental ion levels in the larval mosquito aedes aegypti.septate junctions (sjs) occlude the paracellular pathway and function as paracellular diffusion barriers within invertebrate epithelia. however, integral components of sjs and their contribution to barrier properties have received considerably less attention than those of vertebrate occluding junctions. in arthropods, sj proteins have only been identified in drosophila and among these are three integral claudin-like proteins, megatrachea (mega), sinuous (sinu) and kune-kune (kune), as well as a ...201627004691
ecdysis period and rate deviations of dengue mosquito vector, aedes aegypti reared in different artificial water-holding containers.artificial water-holding containers (awhcs) have been well-documented in many aedes aegypti studies for dengue surveillance and developmental research. hence, we investigated the role of different ahwcs on the development and ecdysis period of ae. aegypti dengue vector, a container breeding mosquito.201627004577
mosquito adulticidal activity of the leaf extracts of spondias mombin l. against aedes aegypti l. and isolation of active principles.aedes aegypti is a domestic mosquito and one of the primary vectors for dengue and yellow fever. since, it is a vector of deadly diseases, its control becomes essential. medicinal plants may be an alternative to adulticidal agents since they contain rich source of bioactive compounds. this study was designed to determine the adulticidal activity of spondias mombin leaf methanol crude extract, n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions against female adults of ae. aegypti mosquitoes an ...201627004574
plasmodium delichoni n. sp.: description, molecular characterisation and remarks on the exoerythrocytic merogony, persistence, vectors and transmission.malaria parasite plasmodium (novyella) delichoni n. sp. (haemosporida, plasmodiidae) was found in a widespread eurasian songbird, the common house martin delichon urbicum (hirundinidae). it is described based on the morphology of its blood stages and segments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b and apicoplast genes, which can be used for molecular identification of this species. erythrocytic meronts and gametocytes are strictly nucleophilic, and mature gametocytes possess pigment granules of marke ...201627000087
incremental cost of implementing residual insecticide treatment with delthametrine on top of intensive routine aedes aegypti control.information on the cost of implementing residual insecticide treatment (rit) for aedes control is scarce. we evaluated the incremental cost on top of intensive conventional routine activities of the aedes control programme (acp) in the city of santiago de cuba, cuba.201626996279
chemical composition, toxicity and non-target effects of pinus kesiya essential oil: an eco-friendly and novel larvicide against malaria, dengue and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are vectors of important parasites and pathogens causing death, poverty and social disability worldwide, with special reference to tropical and subtropical countries. the overuse of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito vectors lead to resistance, adverse environmental effects and high operational costs. therefore, the development of eco-friendly control tools is an important public health challenge. in this study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of pinus ke ...201626995063
composition and biological activities of the essential oil of piper corcovadensis (miq.) c. dc (piperaceae).essential oil from fresh leaves of the shrub piper corcovadensis (miq.) c. dc was obtained in 0.21% (w/w) yield by hydrodistillation in a clevenger type apparatus. thirty-one components, accounting for 96.61% of the leaf oil, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the major constituents of the oil were 1-butyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene (30.62%), terpinolene (17.44%), trans -caryophyllene (6.27%), α-pinene (5.92%), δ-cadinene (4.92%), and limonene (4.46%). bioassays against larv ...201626993082
dna barcoding and wing morphometrics to distinguish three aedes vectors in thailand.aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) (l.), ae. albopictus (skuse), and ae. scutellaris (walker) are important mosquito vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses. they are morphologically similar and sympatric in some parts of their distribution; therefore, there is a risk of incorrect morphological identification. any confusion could have a negative impact on epidemiological studies or control strategies. therefore, we explored two modern tools to supplement current morphological identification: d ...201626987285
effect of two commercial herbicides on life history traits of a human disease vector, aedes aegypti, in the laboratory setting.some mosquito species utilize the small niches of water that are abundant in farmland habitats. these niches are susceptible to effects from agricultural pesticides, many of which are applied aerially over large tracts of land. one principal form of weed control in agricultural systems involves the development of herbicide-tolerant crops. the impact of sub-agricultural levels of these herbicides on mosquito survival and life-history traits of resulting adults have not been determined. the aim of ...201626965703
an animal homolog of plant mep/amt transporters promotes ammonia excretion by the anal papillae of the disease vector mosquito aedes aegypti.the transcripts of three putative ammonia (nh3/nh4 (+)) transporters, rhesus-like glycoproteins aerh50-1, aerh50-2 and amt/mep-like aeamt1 were detected in the anal papillae of larval aedes aegypti quantitative pcr studies revealed 12-fold higher transcript levels of aeamt1 in anal papillae relative to aerh50-1, and levels of aerh50-2 were even lower. immunoblotting revealed aeamt1 in anal papillae as a pre-protein with putative monomeric and trimeric forms. aeamt1 was immunolocalized to the bas ...201626944496
aedes aegypti control in brazil. 201626944024
deltamethrin-mediated survival, behavior, and oenocyte morphology of insecticide-susceptible and resistant yellow fever mosquitos (aedes aegypti).insecticide use is the prevailing control tactic for the mosquito aedes aegypti, a vector of several human viruses, which leads to ever-increasing problems of insecticide resistance in populations of this insect pest species. the underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance may be linked to the metabolism of insecticides by various cells, including oenocytes. oenocytes are ectodermal cells responsible for lipid metabolism and detoxification. the goal of this study was to evaluate the subletha ...201626943998
[dengue, zika and chikungunya].arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods, including those responsible for the current pandemic: alphavirus (chikungunya) and flaviviruses (dengue and zika). its importance increased in the americas over the past 20 years. the main vectors are aedes aegypti and a. albopictus. dengue infection provides long lasting immunity against the specific serotype and temporary to the other three. subsequent infection by another serotype determines more serious disease. there is a registered vaccine for den ...201626942903
repellent and mosquitocidal effects of leaf extracts of clausena anisata against the aedes aegypti mosquito (diptera: culicidae).mosquitoes are rapidly developing resistance to insecticides that millions of people relied on to protect themselves from the diseases they carry, thereby creating a need to develop new insecticides. clausena anisata is used traditionally as an insect repellent by various communities in africa and asia. for this study, the repellency and adulticidal activities of leaf extracts and compounds isolated from this plant species were evaluated against the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. in the t ...201626924698
structural insights into the aedes aegypti aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins - an in silico study.there has been a fair bit of understanding on the structure-function relationship of aquaporins (aqps) from plants and vertebrates obtained from available x-ray crystallography data. however, there is a lacuna in understanding the structure of aqps from sanguinivorous insects like the mosquito where it plays a crucial role in survival. in this study, we have built homology models for the aedes aegypti aqps, identified key channel lining residues and compared the structure and sequence with ortho ...201626906718
control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases: sex and gene drive.sterile male releases have successfully reduced local populations of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti, but challenges remain in scale and in separating sexes before release. the recent discovery of the first mosquito male determining factor (m factor) will facilitate our understanding of the genetic programs that initiate sexual development in mosquitoes. manipulation of the m factor and possible intermediary factors may result in female-to-male conversion or female killing, enabling efficient s ...201626897660
spatial spread of dengue in a non-endemic tropical city in northern argentina.after more than eighty years dengue reemerged in argentina in 1997. since then, the largest epidemic in terms of geographical extent, magnitude and mortality, was recorded in 2009. in this report we analyzed the den-1 epidemic spread in orán, a mid-size city in a non-endemic tropical area in northern argentina, and its correlation with demographic and socioeconomic factors. cases were diagnosed by elisa between january and june 2009. we applied a space-time and spatial scan statistic under a poi ...201626875764
spatial and temporal variation in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) numbers in the yogyakarta area of java, indonesia, with implications for wolbachia releases.of mosquito vector populations, particularly through wolbachia endosymbionts. the success of these strategies depends on understanding the dynamics of vector populations. in preparation for wolbachia releases around yogyakarta, we have studied aedes populations in five hamlets. adult monitoring with biogent- sentinel (bg-s) traps indicated that hamlet populations had different dynamics across the year; while there was an increase in aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) numbers in the ...201626576934
identification of a major quantitative trait locus determining resistance to the organophosphate temephos in the dengue vector mosquito aedes aegypti.organophosphate insecticides (op) have extensively been used to control mosquitoes, such as the vector aedes aegypti. unfortunately, op resistance has hampered control programs worldwide. we used quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping to evaluate temephos resistance in two f1 intercross populations derived from crosses between a resistant ae. aegypti strain (recr) and two susceptible strains (moyod and red). a single major effect qtl was identified on chromosome 2 of both segregating populations ...201626576515
characterization and mosquitocidal potential of neem cake-synthesized silver nanoparticles: genotoxicity and impact on predation efficiency of mosquito natural enemies.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) serve as important vectors for a wide number of parasites and pathogens of huge medical and veterinary importance. aedes aegypti is a primary dengue vector in tropical and subtropical urban areas. there is an urgent need to develop eco-friendly mosquitocides. in this study, silver nanoparticles (agnp) were biosynthesized using neem cake, a by-product of the neem oil extraction from the seed kernels of azadirachta indica. agnp were characterized using a variety of ...201626573518
the impact of indoor residual spraying of deltamethrin on dengue vector populations in the peruvian amazon.dengue is an important public health problem in the amazon area of peru, resulting in significant morbidity each year. as in other areas of the world, ultra-low volume (ulv) application of insecticides is the main strategy to reduce adult populations of the dengue vector aedes aegypti, despite growing evidence of its limitations as a single control method. this study investigated the efficacy of deltamethrin s.c. applied through indoor residual spraying (irs) of dwellings in reducing a. aegypti ...201626571068
how important is vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae)?vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes was discovered at the end of the late 1970s and has been suggested to be a means by which these viruses persist. however, it is unclear how widespread it is in nature, and its importance in the epidemiology of this disease is still debated. here, we review the literature on vertical transmission and discuss its role in dengue's epidemiology and control. we conclude that given the number of studies that failed to find evidence of vertical tran ...201626545718
satyrization and satyrization-resistance in competitive displacements of invasive mosquito species.competitive displacements or reductions of resident populations of insects, often effected by a related species, may be caused by a variety of mechanisms. satyrization is a form of mating interference in which males of one species mate with females of another species, significantly decreasing their fitness and not generating hybrids. satyrization has been established to be the probable cause of competitive displacements of resident mosquitoes by invasive species, especially of aedes aegypti by a ...201626542083
plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles as an emerging tool against mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance: a review.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are a key threat for millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating parasites and pathogens. mosquito young instars are usually targeted with organophosphates, insect growth regulators and microbial control agents. indoors residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets are also employed. however, these chemicals have strong negative effects on human health and the environment. newer and safer tools have been recently implemented to enh ...201626541154
nepenthes ampullaria (nepenthaceae) pitchers are unattractive to gravid aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).nepenthes pitcher plants are colonized by a variety of specialized arthropods. as aedes mosquitoes are container breeders, nepenthes pitchers are a potential candidate oviposition site for vector species, such as aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse). however, aedes spp. are not commonly encountered in nepenthes pitchers, and the environment inside the pitchers of some species is lethal to them. one exception is nepenthes ampullaria jack, whose pitchers are known to be colonized by ae. ...201626518035
improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against aedes aegypti (linn.) and anopheles dirus (peyton and harrison).repellency of essential oil extracted from curcuma longa, eucalyptus globulus, and citrus aurantium at various concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %) with and without 5 % vanillin was evaluated against female mosquitoes: aedes aegypti and anopheles dirus. the comparisons were made with a commercial chemical repellent (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) 25 % w/w; kor yor 15) by arm in cage method. it was found that the essential oils with 5 % vanillin gave the longest lasting period against t ...201626358103
the siren's song: exploitation of female flight tones to passively capture male aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the need to capture male mosquitoes has intensified recently as a result of a number of male-based sterile insect technique (sit) and population-modification programs focused on aedes aegypti (l.) having initiated field releases. here, we report the results of the successful exploitation of the attraction of male ae. aegypti to female flight tones to enhance male collections in nonmechanical passive (nonbattery powered) gravid aedes traps (gat). prior to field studies, male attraction to female ...201626502754
the influence of ambient temperature on the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin.insecticides are the most common strategy used for the management of mosquitoes. changes in ambient temperature can alter the toxicity of insecticides to ectothermic organisms. studies show organophosphate insecticides exhibit a positive correlation between ambient temperature and mortality for many insect species, and carbamate insecticides exhibit a slightly negative correlation between ambient temperature and mortality. pyrethroid insecticides exhibit a distinctly negative correlation between ...201626477050
[entomological evaluation of the risk of urban outbreak of yellow fever in 2008 in abidjan, côte d'ivoire].in april 2008, seven years after the outbreak of 2001, abidjan faced another epidemic of yellow fever. three weeks after the case detected in the commune of treichville at 28(th) of april 2008, two other cases were notified, the first one in port-bouet and the second one in cocody located respectively in the south and north of the city of abidjan. in order to determine a large-scale risk of urban yellow fever epidemic, epidemiological and entomological investigations were conducted by the minist ...201623693032
comparative identification of protein profiles and major allergens of saliva, salivary gland and whole body extracts of mosquito species in thailand.allergic reactions to mosquito bites, such as generalized urticaria or severe local reactions are common problems worldwide. the diverse sources of allergen prepared from different mosquito body parts usage are a major obstacle to obtaining safe and effective tests and immunotherapy for mosquito bite allergy. thus, the reactions are often not recognized and allergen immunotherapy is seldom used for severe reaction to mosquito bites. in a search for appropriate allergen sources, the protein profi ...201621038786
[ultrastructural alterations in larvae of aedes aegypti subject to labdane diterpene isolated from copaifera reticulata (leguminosae) and a fraction enriched with tannins of magonia pubescens (sapindaceae)].dengue is an important public health problem in many countries and its main vector aedes aegypti, is the mosquito most adapted to urban areas. for the first time, the mechanism of action of labdane diterpenoid extracted from copaifera reticulata and the fraction enriched of catechin tannins extracted from magonia pubescens is demonstrated through ultrastructural alterations of aedes aegypti larvae.201621468474
[comprehensive surveillance system for dengue prevention].a comprehensive ecosystem approach-based surveillance system was designed and implemented for dengue prevention in cotorro municipality at the city of havana. cuba, geographically situated near those countries with high dengue incidence, and having a preventive approach as a premise of its public healthcare system, has to adopt measures to prevent new dengue epidemics. the environmental, entomological and clinical/epidemiological elements of the surveillance system were integrated and combined w ...201623427456
calibration and evaluation of field cage for oviposition study with aedes (stegomyia) aegypti female (l.) (diptera: culicidae).differences among results gathered from insect behavior studies conducted in laboratory and field situations are due to ambient variables that differ greatly between both environments. in laboratory studies the environmental conditions can be controlled whereas in field temperature, humidity and air velocity vary uncontrollably. the objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate an experimental area (field cage) (14 x 7 x 3.5 m) subdivided into eight test cages (2.5 x 2.5 x 2 m) for use i ...201618813752
[persistence and efficacy of growth regulator pyriproxyfen in laboratory conditions for aedes aegypti].the persistence and efficacy of growth regulator pyriproxyfen were evaluated in two final concentrations 0.01 and 0.05 ppm against aedes aegypti larvae in laboratory conditions using three types of containers: cement box (45 liters), glass bottle (5 liters) and plastic bucket (20 liters). the tests were carried after 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days of treatment against aedes aegypti larvae 3rd and 4th instar. the percentages of larvae, pupae and adult mortality, the percentage of adult eme ...201616501771
spermatogenesis drives rapid gene creation and masculinization of the x chromosome in stalk-eyed flies (diopsidae).throughout their evolutionary history, genomes acquire new genetic material that facilitates phenotypic innovation and diversification. developmental processes associated with reproduction are particularly likely to involve novel genes. abundant gene creation impacts the evolution of chromosomal gene content and general regulatory mechanisms such as dosage compensation. numerous studies in model organisms have found complex and, at times contradictory, relationships among these genomic attribute ...201626951781
rna sequencing to characterize transcriptional changes of sexual maturation and mating in the female oriental fruit fly bactrocera dorsalis.female reproductive potential plays a significant role in the survival and stability of species, and sexual maturation and mating processes are crucial. however, our knowledge of the reproductive genes involved in sexual maturation and mating has been largely limited to model organisms. the oriental fruit fly bactrocera dorsalis is a highly invasive agricultural pest, known to cause major economic losses; thus, it is of great value to understand the transcriptional changes involved in sexual mat ...201626946038
identification of autophagy in the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the molecular characterization and functional analysis of two novel autophagy-related genes, bxatg1 and bxatg8.the pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses in pine forests, has a complex life cycle, and shows the remarkable ability to survive under unfavorable and changing environmental conditions. this ability may be related to autophagy, which is still poorly understood in b. xylophilus and no autophagy-related genes have been previously characterized. in this study, transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm that autophagy exists in b. xylophilus. the full- ...201626950119
distribution of voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) alleles among the aedes aegypti populations in central java province and its association with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides.the emergence of insecticide resistant aedes aegypti mosquitoes has hampered dengue control efforts. who susceptibility tests, using several pyrethroid compounds, were conducted on ae. aegypti larvae that were collected and raised to adulthood from semarang, surakarta, kudus and jepara in java. the aanav gene fragment encompassing kdr polymorphic sites from both susceptible and resistant mosquitoes was amplified, and polymorphisms were associated with the resistant phenotype. the insecticide sus ...201626939002
spatial and temporal epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in the middle east, 2012-2015.lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) is an infectious disease of cattle that can have severe economic implications. new lsd outbreaks are currently circulating in the middle east (me). since 2012, severe outbreaks were reported in cattle across the region. characterizing the spatial and temporal dynamics of lsdv in cattle populations is prerequisite for guiding successful surveillance and control efforts at a regional level in the me. here, we aim to model the ecological niche of lsdv and identify ep ...201626973845
a comprehensive entomological, serological and molecular study of 2013 dengue outbreak of swat, khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus play a fundamental role in transmission of dengue virus to humans. a single infected aedes mosquito is capable to act as a reservoir/amplifier host for dengue virus and may cause epidemics via horizontal and vertical modes of dengue virus (denv) transmission. the present and future dengue development can be clarified by understanding the elements which help the dissemination of dengue transmission. the current study deals with molecular surveillance of dengue i ...201626848847
co-expression of dorsal and rel2 negatively regulates antimicrobial peptide expression in the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta.nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) plays an essential role in regulation of innate immunity. in mammals, nf-κb factors can form homodimers and heterodimers to activate gene expression. in insects, three nf-κb factors, dorsal, dif and relish, have been identified to activate antimicrobial peptide (amp) gene expression. however, it is not clear whether dorsal (or dif) and relish can form heterodimers. here we report the identification and functional analysis of a dorsal homologue (msdorsal) and two relish ...201626847920
the spermatophore in glossina morsitans morsitans: insights into male contributions to reproduction.male seminal fluid proteins (sfps) transferred during copulation modulate female reproductive physiology and behavior, impacting sperm storage/use, ovulation, oviposition, and remating receptivity. these capabilities make them ideal targets for developing novel methods of insect disease vector control. little is known about the nature of sfps in the viviparous tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae), vectors of human and animal african trypanosomiasis. in tsetse, male ejaculate is assembled into a c ...201626847001
newly emerging parasitic threats for human health: national and international trends. 201626966685
a new allele conferring resistance to lysinibacillus sphaericus is detected in low frequency in culex quinquefasciatus field populations.the cqm1 α-glucosidase of culex quinquefasciatus larvae acts as the midgut receptor for the binary toxin of the biolarvicide lysinibacillus sphaericus. mutations within the cqm1 gene can code for aberrant polypeptides that can no longer be properly expressed or bind to the toxin, leading to insect resistance. the cqm1 rec and cqm1 rec-2 alleles were identified in a laboratory selected colony and both displayed mutations that lead to equivalent phenotypes of refractoriness to l. sphaericus. cqm1 ...201626846600
spatial variation of insecticide resistance in the dengue vector aedes aegypti presents unique vector control challenges.dengue is a major public health problem in mexico, where the use of chemical insecticides to control the principal dengue vector, aedes aegypti, is widespread. resistance to insecticides has been reported in multiple sites, and the frequency of kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance has increased rapidly in recent years. in the present study, we characterized patterns of insecticide resistance in ae. aegypti populations in five small towns surrounding the city of merida, mexico.201626846468
development of a novel-type transgenic cotton plant for control of cotton bollworm.the transgenic bt cotton plant has been widely planted throughout the world for the control of cotton budworm helicoverpa armigera (hubner). however, a shift towards insect tolerance of bt cotton is now apparent. in this study, the gene encoding neuropeptide f (npf) was cloned from cotton budworm h. armigera, an important agricultural pest. the npf gene produces two splicing mrna variants-npf1 and npf2 (with a 120-bp segment inserted into the npf1 sequence). these are predicted to form the matur ...201626841044
multiple evolutionary selections involved in synonymous codon usages in the streptococcus agalactiae genome.streptococcus agalactiae is an important human and animal pathogen. to better understand the genetic features and evolution of s. agalactiae, multiple factors influencing synonymous codon usage patterns in s. agalactiae were analyzed in this study. a- and u-ending rich codons were used in s. agalactiae function genes through the overall codon usage analysis, indicating that adenine (a)/thymine (t) compositional constraints might contribute an important role to the synonymous codon usage pattern. ...201626927064
a disease around the corner. 201626981335
a primary screening and applying of plant volatiles as repellents to control whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) on tomato.with the goal of finding a new way to reduce population densities of bemisia tabaci biotype q in greenhouses, seven repellent volatile chemicals and their combinations were screened. the mixture of dlco (d-limonene, citral and olive oil (63:7:30)) had a better cost performance(sc50 = 22.59 mg/ml)to repel whiteflies from settling than the other mixtures or single chemicals. in the greenhouse, in both the choice test and the no-choice tests, the number of adult whiteflies that settled on 1% dlco-t ...201626907368
changes in the physicochemical properties of piperine/β-cyclodextrin due to the formation of inclusion complexes.piperine (pp) is a pungent component in black pepper that possesses useful biological activities; however it is practically insoluble in water. the aim of the current study was to prepare a coground mixture (gm) of pp and β-cyclodextrin (βcd) (molar ratio of pp/βcd = 1/1) and subsequently evaluate the solubility of pp and physicochemical properties of the gm. dsc thermal behavior of the gm showed the absence of melting peak of piperine. pxrd profile of the gm exhibited halo pattern and no charac ...201626998357
insight into the mode of action of haedoxan a from phryma leptostachya.haedoxan a (ha) is a major active ingredient in the herbaceous perennial plant lopseed (phryma leptostachya l.), which is used as a natural insecticide against insect pests in east asia. here, we report that ha delayed the decay rate of evoked excitatory junctional potentials (ejps) and increased the frequency of miniature ejps (mejps) on the drosophila neuromuscular junction. ha also caused a significant hyperpolarizing shift of the voltage dependence of fast inactivation of insect sodium chann ...201626907348
chemical diversity and biological properties of secondary metabolites from sea hares of aplysia genus.the marine environment is an important source of structurally-diverse and biologically-active secondary metabolites. during the last two decades, thousands of compounds were discovered in marine organisms, several of them having inspired the development of new classes of therapeutic agents. marine mollusks constitute a successful phyla in the discovery of new marine natural products (mnps). over a 50-year period from 1963, 116 genera of mollusks contributed innumerous compounds, aplysia being th ...201626907303
developing a time series predictive model for dengue in zhongshan, china based on weather and guangzhou dengue surveillance data.dengue is a re-emerging infectious disease of humans, rapidly growing from endemic areas to dengue-free regions due to favorable conditions. in recent decades, guangzhou has again suffered from several big outbreaks of dengue; as have its neighboring cities. this study aims to examine the impact of dengue epidemics in guangzhou, china, and to develop a predictive model for zhongshan based on local weather conditions and guangzhou dengue surveillance information.201626894570
differential juvenile hormone variations in scale insect extreme sexual dimorphism.scale insects have evolved extreme sexual dimorphism, as demonstrated by sedentary juvenile-like females and ephemeral winged males. this dimorphism is established during the post-embryonic development; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms have not yet been examined. we herein assessed the role of juvenile hormone (jh) on the diverging developmental pathways occurring in the male and female japanese mealybug planococcus kraunhiae (kuwana). we provide, for the first time, detailed gene e ...201626894583
transcriptome analysis and discovery of genes relevant to development in bradysia odoriphaga at three developmental stages.bradysia odoriphaga (diptera: sciaridae) is the most important pest of chinese chive (allium tuberosum) in asia; however, the molecular genetics are poorly understood. to explore the molecular biological mechanism of development, illumina sequencing and de novo assembly were performed in the third-instar, fourth-instar, and pupal b. odoriphaga. the study resulted in 16.2 gb of clean data and 47,578 unigenes (≥125 bp) contained in 7,632,430 contigs, 46.21% of which were annotated from non-redunda ...201626891450
establishment of a wolbachia superinfection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes as a potential approach for future resistance management.wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium estimated to chronically infect between 40-75% of all arthropod species. aedes aegypti, the principle mosquito vector of dengue virus (denv), is not a natural host of wolbachia. the transinfection of wolbachia strains such as walbb, wmel and wmelpop-cla into ae. aegypti has been shown to significantly reduce the vector competence of this mosquito for a range of human pathogens in the laboratory. this has led to wmel-transinfected ae. aegypti curr ...201626891349
deep rna-seq profile reveals biodiversity, plant-microbe interactions and a large family of nbs-lrr resistance genes in walnut (juglans regia) tissues.deep rna-seq profiling, a revolutionary method used for quantifying transcriptional levels, often includes non-specific transcripts from other co-existing organisms in spite of stringent protocols. using the recently published walnut genome sequence as a filter, we present a broad analysis of the rna-seq derived transcriptome profiles obtained from twenty different tissues to extract the biodiversity and possible plant-microbe interactions in the walnut ecosystem in california. since the residua ...201626883051
large-scale modelling of the environmentally-driven population dynamics of temperate aedes albopictus (skuse).the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is a highly invasive vector species. it is a proven vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses, with the potential to host a further 24 arboviruses. it has recently expanded its geographical range, threatening many countries in the middle east, mediterranean, europe and north america. here, we investigate the theoretical limitations of its range expansion by developing an environmentally-driven mathematical model of its population dynamics. we focus on t ...201626871447
climate and the timing of imported cases as determinants of the dengue outbreak in guangzhou, 2014: evidence from a mathematical model.as the world's fastest spreading vector-borne disease, dengue was estimated to infect more than 390 million people in 2010, a 30-fold increase in the past half century. although considered to be a non-endemic country, mainland china had 55,114 reported dengue cases from 2005 to 2014, of which 47,056 occurred in 2014. furthermore, 94% of the indigenous cases in this time period were reported in guangdong province, 83% of which were in guangzhou city. in order to determine the possible determinant ...201626863623
conservation, duplication, and divergence of five opsin genes in insect evolution.opsin proteins covalently bind to small molecular chromophores and each protein-chromophore complex is sensitive to particular wavelengths of light. multiple opsins with different wavelength absorbance peaks are required for color vision. comparing opsin responses is challenging at low light levels, explaining why color vision is often lost in nocturnal species. here, we investigated opsin evolution in 27 phylogenetically diverse insect species including several transitions between photic niches ...201626865071
novel factors of anopheles gambiae haemocyte immune response to plasmodium berghei infection.insect haemocytes mediate cellular immune responses (e.g., phagocytosis) and contribute to the synthesis of humoral immune factors. in previous work, a genome-wide molecular characterization of anopheles gambiae circulating haemocytes was followed by functional gene characterization using cell-based rnai screens. assays were carried out to investigate the role of selected haemocyte-specific or enriched genes in phagocytosis of bacterial bio-particles, expression of the antimicrobial peptide cecr ...201626858200
first report of y-linked genes in the kissing bug rhodnius prolixus.due to an abundance of repetitive dna, the annotation of heterochromatic regions of the genome such as the y chromosome is problematic. the y chromosome is involved in key biological functions such as male-fertility and sex-determination and hence, accurate identification of its sequences is vital. the hemipteran insect rhodnius prolixus is an important vector of chagas disease, a trypanosomiasis affecting 6-7 million people worldwide. here we report the identification of the first y-linked gene ...201626861771
insulin-related peptide 5 is involved in regulating embryo development and biochemical composition in pea aphid with wing polyphenism.in aphids there is a fecundity-dispersal trade-off between wingless and winged morphs. recent research on the molecular mechanism of wing morphs associated with dispersal reveals that insulin receptors in the insulin signaling (is) pathway regulate alternation of wing morphs in planthoppers. however, little is known about whether genes in the is pathway are involved in developmental regulation in aphid nymphs with different wing morphs. in this study, we show that expression of the insulin-relat ...201626903881
altered carbohydrates allocation by associated bacteria-fungi interactions in a bark beetle-microbe symbiosis.insect-microbe interaction is a key area of research in multiplayer symbiosis, yet little is known about the role of microbe-microbe interactions in insect-microbe symbioses. the red turpentine beetle (rtb) has destroyed millions of healthy pines in china and forms context-dependent relationships with associated fungi. the adult-associated fungus leptographium procerum have played key roles in rtb colonization. however, common fungal associates (l. procerum and ophiostoma minus) with rtb larvae ...201626839264
microrna profiling of the whitefly bemisia tabaci middle east-aisa minor i following the acquisition of tomato yellow leaf curl china virus.the begomoviruses are the largest and most economically important group of plant viruses exclusively vectored by whitefly (bemisia tabaci) in a circulative, persistent manner. during this process, begomoviruses and whitefly vectors have developed close relationships and complex interactions. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain largely unknown, and the microrna profiles for viruliferous and nonviruliferous whiteflies have not been studied.201626837429
finding aedes aegypti in a natural breeding site in an urban zone, sao paulo, southeastern brazil.this is the description of how nine aedes aegypti larvae were found in a natural breeding site in the pinheiros neighborhood, city of sao paulo, sp, southeastern brazil. the record was conducted in december 2014, during an entomological surveillance program of dengue virus vectors, with an active search of potential breeding sites, either artificial or natural. findingae. aegypti larvae in a tree hole shows this species' ability to use both artificial and natural environments as breeding sites a ...201626982959
evaluation of the activity of the essential oil from an ornamental flower against aedes aegypti: electrophysiology, molecular dynamics and behavioral assays.dengue fever has spread worldwide and affects millions of people every year in tropical and subtropical regions of africa, asia, europe and america. since there is no effective vaccine against the dengue virus, prevention of disease transmission depends entirely on regulating the vector (aedes aegypti) or interrupting human-vector contact. the aim of this study was to assess the oviposition deterrent activity of essential oils of three cultivars of torch ginger (etlingera elatior, zingiberaceae) ...201626927837
nutritional signaling regulates vitellogenin synthesis and egg development through juvenile hormone in nilaparvata lugens (stål).insect female reproduction which comprises the synthesis of vitellogenein (vg) in the fat body and its incorporation into developing oocytes, needs a large amount of energy and food resources. our previous studies found that juvenile hormone (jh) regulates vitellogenesis in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. here, we report on the role of jh in nutrient-regulated vg synthesis and egg development. we first cloned the genes coding for juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (jhamt) which i ...201626927076
evolution of the assassin's arms: insights from a phylogeny of combined transcriptomic and ribosomal dna data (heteroptera: reduvioidea).assassin bugs (reduvioidea) are one of the most diverse (>7,000 spp.) lineages of predatory animals and have evolved an astounding diversity of raptorial leg modifications for handling prey. the evolution of these modifications is not well understood due to the lack of a robust phylogeny, especially at deeper nodes. we here utilize refined data from transcriptomes (370 loci) to stabilize the backbone phylogeny of reduvioidea, revealing the position of major clades (e.g., the chagas disease vecto ...201626916580
insights into sexual precocity of female oriental river prawn macrobrachium nipponense through transcriptome analysis.the oriental river prawn (macrobrachium nipponense) is the most prevalent aquaculture species in china. the sexual precocity in this species has received considerable attention in recent years because more and more individuals matured at a small size, which devalues the commercial production. in this study, we developed deep-coverage transcriptomic sequencing data for the ovaries of sexually precocious and normal sexually mature m. nipponense using next-generation rna sequencing technology and a ...201627280288
epidemiological and virological characterizations of the 2014 dengue outbreak in guangzhou, china.dengue used to be recognized as an imported and sporadic disease in china. since june 2014, an unexpected large dengue outbreak has attacked guangzhou, china, resulting in more than 40,000 cases. among the 1,942 laboratory-confirmed hospitalized dengue cases, 121 were diagnosed as severe dengue according to the 2009 who guideline, and 2 patients finally died. laboratory diagnosis and virus isolation demonstrated that the majority (96%) cases were caused by dengue virus serotype 1 (denv-1), and t ...201627257804
myo-inositol phosphate synthase expression in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) and nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus): effect of seawater acclimation.a single mips gene (isyna1/ino1) exists in eel and tilapia genomes with a single myo-d-inositol 3-phosphate synthase (mips) transcript identified in all eel tissues, although two mips spliced variants [termed mips(s) and mips(l)] are found in all tilapia tissues. the larger tilapia transcript [mips(l)] results from the inclusion of the 87-nucleotide intron between exons 5 and 6 in the genomic sequence. in most tilapia tissues, the mips(s) transcript exhibits much higher abundance (generally >10- ...201627252471
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