Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| increased rate of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients with clostridium difficile infection. | risk of venous thromboembolism (vte) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is well established; however, there is paucity of data on the potential added risk of vte in patients with ibd with clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we sought to study the difference in vte rates in hospitalized patients with ibd with cdi compared to those without cdi. | 2017 | 28837518 |
| bezlotoxumab for the treatment of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | diarrhea caused by clostridium difficile is one of the major emerging threats to modern healthcare systems worldwide. although c. difficile spores are present in the gut innocuously, because of repeated broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, the spores germinate with concomitant release of exotoxin a and b, resulting in mild to severe diarrhea. antibiotic therapy is augmented by addition of the humanized antibodies actoxumab and bezlotoxumab to prevent the action of exotoxins a and b, respectively, ... | 2017 | 28837182 |
| rifaximin treatment is associated with reduced risk of cirrhotic complications and prolonged overall survival in patients experiencing hepatic encephalopathy. | rifaximin might decrease the risk of portal hypertension-related complications by controlling small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. | 2017 | 28836723 |
| disparate subcellular location of putative sortase substrates in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a gastrointestinal pathogen but how the bacterium colonises this niche is still little understood. sortase enzymes covalently attach specific bacterial proteins to the peptidoglycan cell wall and are often involved in colonisation by pathogens. here we show c. difficile proteins cd2537 and cd3392 are functional substrates of sortase srtb. through manipulation of the c-terminal regions of these proteins we show the spktg motif is essential for covalent attachment to the c ... | 2017 | 28835650 |
| prediction of recurrent clostridium difficile infection using comprehensive electronic medical records in an integrated healthcare delivery system. | background predicting recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) remains difficult. | 2017 | 28835289 |
| clinical, epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of relapse and re-infection in clostridium difficile infection. | recurrent diarrhea is a common complication of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). recurrent cdi (r-cdi) may be produced by the persistence of spores (relapse) or by the acquisition of a new strain (reinfection). in this study, we analyze epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and laboratory data from patients with r-cdi, relapse, and reinfection-cdi over 5 years and compared with a control group (non r-cdi). among 60 patients with r-cdi, 36 patients had stool samples collected from two o ... | 2017 | 28830842 |
| an outbreak of clostridium difficile infections due to a new pcr ribotype 826: epidemiological and microbiological analyses. | the aim was to investigate an unusual outbreak of 5 patients with in total 8 episodes of a clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on a gastro intestinal surgical ward of a dutch tertiary care university affiliated hospital. | 2017 | 28830806 |
| long-term taxonomic and functional divergence from donor bacterial strains following fecal microbiota transplantation in immunocompromised patients. | immunocompromised individuals are at high risk of developing clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a highly effective therapy for refractory or recurrent cdad and, despite safety concerns, has recently been offered to immunocompromised patients. we investigated the genomics of bacterial composition following fmt in immunocompromised patients over a 1-year period. metagenomic, strain and gene-level bacterial dynamics were characterized in two c ... | 2017 | 28827811 |
| intestinal colonisation patterns in breastfed and formula-fed infants during the first 12 weeks of life reveal sequential microbiota signatures. | the establishment of the infant gut microbiota is a highly dynamic process dependent on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. we characterized the faecal microbiota of 4 breastfed infants and 4 formula-fed infants at 17 consecutive time points during the first 12 weeks of life. microbiota composition was analysed by a combination of 16s rrna gene sequencing and quantitative pcr (qpcr). in this dataset, individuality was a major driver of microbiota composition (p = 0.002) and was more pronounced in b ... | 2017 | 28827640 |
| protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study for assessing feasibility and efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation in a paediatric ulcerative colitis population: pedifetch trial. | ulcerative colitis (uc) is a chronic, relapsing condition characterised by colonic inflammation. increasing prevalence in early-age diagnosis provides opportunities for additional complications in later life as a result of prolonged exposure to inflammatory and therapeutic insults, necessitating novel avenues for therapeutics which may result in fewer side effects. faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has previously demonstrated potential therapeutic benefit in an adult randomised-controlled ... | 2017 | 28827258 |
| probiotics and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a review and new evidence on lactobacillus rhamnosus gg during and after antibiotic treatment. | antibiotic associated diarrhea (aad) is a common complication in childhood in the outpatient and inpatient settings. this review provides up to date information on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of aad, including that from clostridium difficile, in children. the most recently systematic reviews and subsequently published randomized controlleds trials are considered. different single and multistrain probiotics are described; a specific recommendation for the use of lactobac ... | 2017 | 28827186 |
| what makes a tweet fly? analysis of twitter messaging at four infection control conferences. | objective to examine tweeting activity, networks, and common topics mentioned on twitter at 4 international infection control and infectious disease conferences. design a cross-sectional study. methods an independent company was commissioned to undertake a twitter 'trawl' each month between july 1, 2016, and november 31, 2016. the trawl identified any tweets that contained the official hashtags of the conferences for (1) the uk infection prevention society, (2) idweek 2016, (3) the federation of ... | 2017 | 28826428 |
| clostridium difficile colonization of nursing home residents. | 2017 | 28826425 | |
| investigation of the cross-talk mechanism in caco-2 cells during clostridium difficile infection through genetic-and-epigenetic interspecies networks: big data mining and genome-wide identification. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea and the major etiologic agent of pseudomembranous colitis. in severe cases, c. difficile infection (cdi) can cause toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, and death. the intestinal epithelium is the first tissue encountered in the adhesion and colonization of c. difficile, and serves as a physical defense barrier against infection. despite the well-characterized cytotoxicity, few studies have investigated th ... | 2017 | 28824629 |
| comparison of two whole-room uv-irradiation systems for enhanced disinfection of patient rooms contaminated with mrsa, carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae and clostridium difficile spores. | ultraviolet light decontamination systems are being used increasingly to supplement terminal disinfection of patient rooms. however efficacy may not be consistent in the presence of soil particularly against clostridium difficile spores. | 2017 | 28823547 |
| treating clostridium difficile infection in patients presenting with hematological malignancies: are current guidelines applicable? | adults with hematological malignancies are at high-risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but no guidelines for cdi treatment are available in this population. our primary objective was to evaluate the clinical outcomes in cdi patients with hematological malignancies. our secondary objectives were to describe cdi severity using the main clinical guidelines and to evaluate the compliance of treatment choice with published guidelines. | 2017 | 28823390 |
| recurrent clostridium difficile infection after diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage: an unreported complication of the novel surgical therapy. | 2017 | 28822380 | |
| implementation of global strategies to prevent hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection: targeting proton pump inhibitors and probiotics. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). probiotics given concurrently with antibiotics have been shown to have a moderate impact on preventing cdi. | 2017 | 28821215 |
| causes of hematochezia and hemorrhagic antibiotic-associated colitis in children and adolescents. | diseases causing hematochezia range from benign to potentially life-threatening. systematic pediatric data on the causes of hematochezia are scarce. we studied the underlying causes and long-term outcome of hematochezia in children. we further investigated the relevance of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis in children, especially if caused by klebsiella oxytoca.infants, children, and adolescents with hematochezia were recruited prospectively. patients were grouped according to age (<1 ye ... | 2017 | 28816966 |
| analysis of proteomes released from in vitro cultured eight clostridium difficile pcr ribotypes revealed specific expression in pcr ribotypes 027 and 176 confirming their genetic relatedness and clinical importance at the proteomic level. | clostridium difficile is the causative agent of c. difficile infection (cdi) that could be manifested by diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis or life-threatening toxic megacolon. the spread of certain strains represents a significant economic burden for health-care. the epidemic successful strains are also associated with severe clinical features of cdi. therefore, a proteomic study has been conducted that comprises proteomes released from in vitro cultured panel of eight different pcr ribotypes ( ... | 2017 | 28814976 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation for <em>clostridium difficile</em> infection: a multicentre study of non-responders. | 2017 | 28814217 | |
| faecal microbiota transplantation for <em>clostridium difficile</em>-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has emerged as a useful approach for treating clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad). randomised controlled trials (rcts) have recently evaluated its effectiveness, but systematic reviews have focused on evidence from case series. we therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of rcts evaluating the effectiveness of fmt for treating cdad. | 2017 | 28814204 |
| point-prevalence survey of healthcare facility-onset healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection in greek hospitals outside the intensive care unit: the c. define study. | the correlation of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) with in-hospital morbidity is important in hospital settings where broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are routinely used, such as in greece. the c. define study aimed to assess point-prevalence of cdi in greece during two study periods in 2013. | 2017 | 28813492 |
| epidemiology of clostridium difficile in infants in oxfordshire, uk: risk factors for colonization and carriage, and genetic overlap with regional c. difficile infection strains. | approximately 30-40% of children <1 year of age are clostridium difficile colonized, and may represent a reservoir for adult c. difficile infections (cdi). risk factors for colonization with toxigenic versus non-toxigenic c. difficile strains and longitudinal acquisition dynamics in infants remain incompletely characterized. | 2017 | 28813461 |
| phageterm: a tool for fast and accurate determination of phage termini and packaging mechanism using next-generation sequencing data. | the worrying rise of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is leading to a renewed interest in bacteriophages as a treatment option. novel sequencing technologies enable description of an increasing number of phage genomes, a critical piece of information to understand their life cycle, phage-host interactions, and evolution. in this work, we demonstrate how it is possible to recover more information from sequencing data than just the phage genome. we developed a theoretical and statistic ... | 2017 | 28811656 |
| octahedron iron oxide nanocrystals prohibited clostridium difficile spore germination and attenuated local and systemic inflammation. | clinical management of clostridium difficile infection is still far from satisfactory as bacterial spores are resistant to many chemical agents and physical treatments. certain types of nanoparticles have been demonstrated to exhibit anti-microbial efficacy even in multi-drug resistance bacteria. however, most of these studies failed to show biocompatibility to the mammalian host cells and no study has revealed in vivo efficacy in c. difficile infection animal models. the spores treated with 500 ... | 2017 | 28811642 |
| comparison of the clinical course of clostridium difficile infection in gdh-positive, toxin-negative patients diagnosed by pcr to those with a positive toxin test. | to evaluate the potential role of pcr-based assays in the overdiagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) by using a validated diagnostic algorithm in daily clinical practice. | 2017 | 28811244 |
| bezlotoxumab (zinplava) for prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28810021 | |
| a multiparticulate delivery system for potential colonic targeting using bovine serum albumin as a model protein. | there are many important diseases whose treatment could be improved by delivering a therapeutic protein to the colon, for example, clostridium difficile infection, ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease. the goal of this project was to investigate the feasibility of colonic delivery of proteins using multiparticulate beads. | 2017 | 28808837 |
| spatio-temporal variability of the epidemic 027 clostridium difficile strains in france based on mlva typing. | mlva analysis of 103 pcr ribotype 027 strains showed a regional specificity and the persistence of the same clone within a hospital several years apart. capillary electrophoresis pcr ribotyping led to the identification of seven 027 variant strains and five 176 strains, four of them being implicated in an outbreak. | 2017 | 28807623 |
| community-associated clostridium difficile infection in emergency department patients in western australia. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is primarily associated with hospitalised patients, however, community-associated cdi (ca-cdi) has increased in australia. we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and outcomes of ca-cdi cases presenting to hospital emergency departments in western australia (wa). a retrospective case-control study of ca-cdi cases presenting at six emergency departments in wa from july 2013 to june 2014 was performed. clinical signs, recent medication, hospitalisations and p ... | 2017 | 28807622 |
| bezlotoxumab: a new drug for the toxic effects of clostridium difficile. | 2017 | 28746120 | |
| bezlotoxumab: a new drug for the toxic effects of clostridium difficile. | 2017 | 28746119 | |
| phase variation of clostridium difficile virulence factors. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, causing disease that ranges from mild diarrhea to potentially fatal colitis. a variety of surface proteins, including flagella, enable c. difficile colonization of the intestine. once in the intestine, toxigenic c. difficile secretes two glucosylating toxins, tcda and tcdb, which elicit inflammation and diarrheal disease symptoms. regulation of colonization factors and tcda and tcdb is an intense area of research in c. difficile ... | 2017 | 28806147 |
| discovery and biosensing applications of diverse rna-cleaving dnazymes. | dna-based enzymes, or dnazymes, are not known to exist in nature but can be isolated from random-sequence dna pools using test tube selection techniques. since the report of the first dnazyme in 1994, many catalytic dna molecules for catalyzing wide-ranging chemical transformations have been isolated and studied. our laboratory has a keen interest in searching for diverse dnazymes capable of cleaving rna-containing substrates, determining their sequence requirements and structural properties, an ... | 2017 | 28805376 |
| letter: complex interplay between obesity and clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28805333 | |
| letter: complex interplay between obesity and clostridium difficile infection-authors' reply. | 2017 | 28805325 | |
| prevalence and risk factors for colonization of clostridium difficile among adults living near livestock farms in the netherlands. | a cross-sectional study was performed among 2494 adults not living or working on a farm to assess prevalence of clostridium difficile (cd) colonization and risk factors in a livestock dense area. cd prevalence was 1·2%. twenty-one persons were colonized with a toxigenic strain and nine with a non-toxigenic strain. cd-positive persons did not live closer to livestock farms than individuals negative for cd. antibiotic exposure in the preceding 3 months was a risk factor for cd colonization (odds r ... | 2017 | 28805171 |
| bezlotoxumab for the prevention of clostridium difficile recurrence. | clostridium difficile infection is a major economic and clinical burden, due to its high frequency of recurrence. currently recommended treatments are not efficient for prevention and may contribute to the risk of recurrent infection. in recent years, research has focused on strategies to lessen this risk. bezlotoxumab is a monoclonal antibody that prevents recurrences of c. difficile infection through the antagonism of toxin b. areas covered: in this review, the authors discuss the burden of c. ... | 2017 | 28805081 |
| faecal lactoferrin and calprotectin in patients with clostridium difficile infection: a case-control study. | calprotectin and lactoferrin are released by the gastrointestinal tract in response to infection and mucosal inflammation. our objective was to assess the usefulness of quantifying faecal lactoferrin and calprotectin concentrations in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) patients with or without free toxins in the stools. we conducted a single-centre 22-month case-control study. patients with a positive cdi diagnosis were compared to two control groups: group 1 = diarrhoeic patients negative fo ... | 2017 | 28801865 |
| decreasing clostridium difficile-associated fatality rates among hospitalized patients in the unites states: 2004-2014. | clostridium difficile infection has emerged as a major public health problem in the united states over the last two decades. several strategies have been implemented at the hospital, community, state and national levels to combat this infection. we examined the trends in the clostridium difficile-associated fatality rate, hospital length of stay and hospital charges over the last decade. | 2017 | 28801226 |
| stability and efficacy of frozen and lyophilized fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) product in a mouse model of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | freezing donor fecal microbiota has simplified fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in the treatment of recurrent c. difficile infection (cdi). however, the optimal storage time for the frozen fmt products remains unknown. using an established murine model of cdi, stability and efficacy of frozen and lyophilized fmt product was studied at time points from 2 months to 15 months. dna was extracted from fecal samples from the mice with identification of specific bacterial species by real-time qua ... | 2017 | 28801119 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolates from icu colonized patients revealed alert to st-37 (rt 017) isolates. | seventy clostridium difficile isolates from icu colonized patients were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and screened for resistance determinants. we found that multilocus sequence type 37 (ribotype 017) toxin a-negative/b-positive isolates were more likely resistant to moxifloxacin than toxin a-positive/b-positive isolates (41.7% versus 9.3%) with major variations in both gyra (thr82ile) and gyrb (ser366ala), suggesting that the use of quinolone should be more strictly regulated. | 2017 | 28800896 |
| an in silico evaluation of treatment regimens for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant nosocomial infection worldwide, that recurs in as many as 35% of infections. risk of cdi recurrence varies by ribotype, which also vary in sporulation and germination rates. whether sporulation/germination mediate risk of recurrence and effectiveness of treatment of recurring cdi remains unclear. we aim to assess the role of sporulation/germination patterns on risk of recurrence, and the relative effectiveness of the recommended tapered/puls ... | 2017 | 28800598 |
| infection control measures and prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in non-hospital care settings in northeastern germany: results from a one-day point prevalence study. | much of the existing literature on the epidemiology of multidrug resistant bacterial organisms (mdros) and infection control measures still concentrates on hospital care settings. | 2017 | 28797758 |
| antibiotic stewardship programs in nursing homes: a systematic review. | antibiotic stewardship programs (asps) are coordinated interventions promoting the appropriate use of antibiotics to improve patient outcomes and reduce microbial resistance. these programs are now mandated in nursing homes (nhs) but it is unclear if these programs improve resident outcomes. this systematic review evaluated the current evidence regarding outcomes of asps in the nh. | 2017 | 28797590 |
| clostridium difficile infection in low- and middle-human development index countries: a systematic review. | to describe the impact and epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in low- and middle-human development index (lmhdi) countries. | 2017 | 28796388 |
| data from a survey of clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile shedding by dogs and cats in the madrid region (spain), including phenotypic and genetic characteristics of recovered isolates. | this article contains information related to a recent survey of the prevalence of fecal shedding of clostridium perfringens and c. difficile by dogs and cats attended in veterinary clinics located in the madrid region (spain). specifically, we provide detailed information about the clinics that participated in the survey, the demographic and clinic characteristics of recruited animals and the genetic and phenotypic characteristics (including antimicrobial susceptibility data), of recovered bacte ... | 2017 | 28795086 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii fungemia following probiotic treatment. | probiotics are commonly prescribed as an adjuvant in the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by clostridium difficile. we report the case of an immunocompromised 73-year-old patient on chemotherapy who developed saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii fungemia in a central venous catheter during treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis with the probiotic saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. fungemia was resolved after interruption of probiotic administration ... | 2017 | 28794958 |
| genome characterization of a novel binary toxin-positive strain of clostridium difficile and comparison with the epidemic 027 and 078 strains. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming gut pathogen that causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. a small number of c. difficile strains express the binary toxin (cdt), which is generally found in c. difficile 027 (st1) and/or 078 (st11) in clinic. however, we isolated a binary toxin-positive non-027, non-078 c. difficile lc693 that is associated with severe diarrhea in china. the genotype of this strain was determined as st201. to understand the pathogenesis-b ... | 2017 | 28794800 |
| clostridium difficile infections in young infants: case presentations and literature review. | it has been assumed that symptomatic clostridium difficile infections do not occur in young infants, as this specific group would lack specific c. difficile toxin receptors. as a consequence, it is often current practice not to test for c. difficile in neonates and young infants up to 2 years of age presenting with (bloody) diarrhea. the evidence to support this is, however, weak and largely based on small, poorly designed animal studies. we present two young infants with recurrent bloody diarrh ... | 2017 | 28791215 |
| immunization with recombinant tcdb-encapsulated nanocomplex induces protection against clostridium difficile challenge in a mouse model. | clostridium difficile is considered to be one of the major cause of infectious diarrhea in healthcare systems worldwide. symptoms of c. difficile infection are caused largely by the production of two cytotoxins: toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb). vaccine development is considered desirable as it would decrease the mounting medical costs and mortality associated with c. difficile infections. biodegradable nanoparticles composed of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-pga) and chitosan have proven to be a safe ... | 2017 | 28790999 |
| pathogenicity locus, core genome, and accessory gene contributions to clostridium difficile virulence. | clostridium difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that causes colitis in patients with disrupted colonic microbiota. while some individuals are asymptomatic c. difficile carriers, symptomatic disease ranges from mild diarrhea to potentially lethal toxic megacolon. the wide disease spectrum has been attributed to the infected host's age, underlying diseases, immune status, and microbiome composition. however, strain-specific differences in c. difficile virulence have also been implicat ... | 2017 | 28790208 |
| detection of acute gastroenteritis etiology in hospitalized young children: associated factors and outcomes. | the decision to test for the etiology of diarrhea is a challenging question for practicing pediatricians. | 2017 | 28790133 |
| carvacrol reduces clostridium difficile sporulation and spore outgrowth in vitro. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic spore-forming pathogen that causes a serious toxin-mediated enteric disease in humans. therapeutic agents that are capable of reducing c. difficile spore production could significantly minimize the transmission and relapse of c. difficile infections. this study investigated the efficacy of a food-grade, plant-derived compound, carvacrol (cr), in reducing c. difficile spore production, germination and spore outgrowth. | 2017 | 28786786 |
| specificities of the intestinal microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and has been associated with poor ibd outcome. intestinal microbiota composition in ibd patients with cdi has not been specifically evaluated to date. | 2017 | 28786749 |
| association between omeprazole use and clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized patients: a case-control study of the saudi population. | background: while few international studies have assessed the association between omeprazole use and the risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), research into this is lacking in saudi arabia and the middle east region. the aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to omeprazole is associated with the risk of clostridium difficile infection in a sample of hospitalized saudi patients. methodology: a retrospective matched case-control study was conducted at the king abdulaziz medic ... | 2017 | 28785535 |
| management of inflammatory bowel disease with clostridium difficile infection. | to address the management of clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) in the setting of suspected inflammatory bowel disease (ibd)-flare. | 2017 | 28785153 |
| tgf-β1/smads signaling pathway activation protects intestinal epithelium from clostridium difficile toxin a-induced damage. | clostridium difficile, the main cause of diarrhea in hospitalized patients, produces toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb), which affect intestinal epithelial cell survival, proliferation, and migration, and induce an intense inflammatory response. tgf-β is a pleiotropic cytokine affecting enterocyte and immune/inflammatory responses. however, it has been shown that exposure of intestinal epithelium to a low concentration of tcda induces the release of tgf-β1, which has a protective effect on epithelial ... | 2017 | 28784928 |
| host factors are more important in predicting recurrent clostridium difficile infection than ribotype and use of antibiotics. | a frequent complication of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is recurrent disease. the aim of this study was to determine whether early recurrence risk was higher after infection with ribotype 027 (outbreak strain) compared to infection with endemic strain types of c. difficile methods: consecutive patients diagnosed with cdi between may 2013 and march 2014 were included (outbreak strain, and non-outbreak strains). patients who developed recurrent cdi within 30 days after completion of cdi t ... | 2017 | 28782647 |
| the incidence and outcomes from clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized adults with inflammatory bowel disease. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) may worsen outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), but large database-driven studies have conflicting results. the study objective is to analyze clinical features and outcomes in patients with cdi and ibd using the national hospital discharge survey (nhds) database from 2005 to 2009. | 2017 | 28782372 |
| is there a relationship between the presence of the binary toxin genes in clostridium difficile strains and the severity of c. difficile infection (cdi)? | some strains of clostridium difficile produce a binary toxin, in addition to the main c. difficile virulence factors (toxins a and b). there have been conflicting reports regarding the role of binary toxin and its relationship to the severity of c. difficile infection (cdi). samples, isolates and clinical data were collected as part of a prospective multicentre diagnostic study. clostridium difficile isolates (n = 1259) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect binary toxin ... | 2017 | 28780742 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection is a major health care challenge in terms of patient and economic consequences. for the patient, it is a morbid and sometimes a life-threatening iatrogenic complication of antibiotic treatment. in the united states, the provider's institution may face financial penalties, because the centers for disease control and prevention views this as an iatrogenic health care-associated complication that may not be reimbursable by the centers for medicare and medicaid servic ... | 2017 | 28779831 |
| healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infections are sustained by disease from the community. | clostridium difficile infections (cdis) are some of the most common hospital-associated infections worldwide. approximately 5% of the general population is colonised with the pathogen, but most are protected from disease by normal intestinal flora or immune responses to toxins. we developed a stochastic compartmental model of cdi in hospitals that captures the condition of the host's gut flora and the role of adaptive immune responses. a novel, derivative-based method for sensitivity analysis of ... | 2017 | 28776206 |
| amino acid differences in the 1753-to-1851 region of tcdb influence variations in tcdb1 and tcdb2 cell entry. | clostridium difficile tcdb2 enters cells with a higher efficiency than tcdb1 and exhibits an overall higher level of toxicity. however, the tcdb2-specific sequences that account for more efficient cell entry have not been reported. in this study, we examined the contribution of carboxy-terminal sequence differences to tcdb activity by comparing the binding, uptake, and endosomal localization of tcdb1 and tcdb2 or selected recombinant fragments of these proteins. our findings suggest that sequenc ... | 2017 | 28776043 |
| predictors of 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and is the most common nosocomial infection in the united states, with associated annual costs of approximately $3 billion. the epidemiology of cdi has changed with the identification of novel risk factors for incident and recurrent cdi. the aim of this study was to identify the predictors of 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with cdi. | 2017 | 28771654 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: beyond clostridium difficile. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been established as standard of care in the treatment of antibiotic refractory clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). this review examines the current evidence that exists to support the use of fmt in the treatment of human disease beyond c. difficile infection. | 2017 | 28770495 |
| aetiology and clinical features of facial cellulitis: a prospective study. | in the early 20th century, the face was the predominant site of cellulitis. despite a relative decrease in the incidence of facial cellulitis, it is still common. there are few studies on this condition during the last decades. the aim of this study was to describe contemporary aetiological and clinical characteristics of patients admitted to hospital with non-suppurative facial cellulitis. | 2017 | 28768452 |
| therapy for clostridium difficile infection - any news beyond metronidazole and vancomycin? | infections with clostridium difficile (cdi) represent a major burden for the health care system. treatment is generally by antibiotic therapy with metronidazole and vancomycin, but efficacy remains suboptimal. areas covered: this review discusses established and emerging treatment options for cdi, and current therapeutic guidelines, taking into account disease severity and risk of relapse. expert commentary: new therapeutic approaches, including antibodies and new classes of antibiotics, and new ... | 2017 | 28766951 |
| high prevalence of subclass-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies against clostridium difficile toxins in adult cystic fibrosis sera: possible mode of immunoprotection against symptomatic c. difficile infection. | despite multiple risk factors and a high rate of colonization for clostridium difficile, the occurrence of c. difficile infection in patients with cystic fibrosis is rare. the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of binding c. difficile toxin-specific immunoglobulin (ig)a, igg and anti-toxin neutralizing antibodies in the sera of adults with cystic fibrosis, symptomatic c. difficile infection (without cystic fibrosis) and healthy controls. | 2017 | 28765714 |
| severe infection in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. | to compare the rate of severe infections after the onset of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca)-associated vasculitis (aav) with the rate in the background population, and to identify predictors of severe infections among patients with aav. | 2017 | 28765251 |
| modeling new immunoregulatory therapeutics as antimicrobial alternatives for treating clostridium difficile infection. | the current treatment paradigm in clostridium difficile infection is the administration of antibiotics contributing to the high rates of recurrent infections. recent alternative strategies, such as fecal microbiome transplantation and anti-toxin antibodies, have shown similar efficacy in the treatment of c. difficile associated disease (cdad). however, barriers exist for either treatment or other novel treatments to displace antibiotics as the standard of care. to aid in the comparison of these ... | 2017 | 28764868 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci with vana gene in treated municipal wastewater and their association with human hospital strains. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are pathogens of increasing medical importance. in brno, czech republic, we collected 37 samples from the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp), 21 surface swabs from hospital settings, and 59 fecal samples from hospitalized patients and staff. moreover, we collected 284 gull cloacal swabs from the colony situated 35km downstream the wwtp. samples were cultured selectively. enterococci were identified using maldi-tof ms, phenotypically tested for ... | 2017 | 28763660 |
| probiotics for gastrointestinal conditions: a summary of the evidence. | probiotics contain microorganisms, most of which are bacteria similar to the beneficial bacteria that occur naturally in the human gut. probiotics have been widely studied in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. the most-studied species include lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, and saccharomyces. however, a lack of clear guidelines on when to use probiotics and the most effective probiotic for different gastrointestinal conditions may be confusing for family physicians and their patients. probi ... | 2017 | 28762696 |
| clostridium difficile colonizes alternative nutrient niches during infection across distinct murine gut microbiomes. | clostridium difficile is the largest single cause of hospital-acquired infection in the united states. a major risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is prior exposure to antibiotics, as they disrupt the gut bacterial community which protects from c. difficile colonization. multiple antibiotic classes have been associated with cdi susceptibility, many leading to distinct community structures stemming from variation in bacterial targets of action. these community structures present ... | 2017 | 28761936 |
| next-generation probiotics targeting clostridium difficile through precursor-directed antimicrobial biosynthesis. | integration of antibiotic and probiotic therapy has the potential to lessen the public health burden to antimicrobial-associated diseases. clostridium difficile infection (cdi) represents an important example where rational design of next generation probiotics is being actively pursued to prevent disease recurrence. because intrinsic resistance to clinically relevant cdi antibiotics (vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin) is a desired trait in such probiotic species, we screened several bac ... | 2017 | 28760934 |
| polyethylene glycol intestinal lavage in addition to usual antibiotic treatment for severe clostridium difficile colitis: a randomised controlled pilot study. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are common, costly and potentially life threatening. most cdi will respond to antibiotic therapy, but 3%-10% of all patients with cdi will progress to a severe, life-threatening course. complete removal of the large bowel is indicated for severe cdi. however, the 30-day mortality following surgical intervention for severe cdi ranges from 20% to 70%. a less invasive approach using surgical faecal diversion and direct colonic lavage with polyethylene glycol ( ... | 2017 | 28760801 |
| the potential of alcohol release doorplates to reduce surface contamination during hand contact. | optimal hand hygiene may be compromised by contact with contaminated environmental surfaces. | 2017 | 28760635 |
| the impact of a computerized clinical decision support tool on inappropriate clostridium difficile testing. | objective to evaluate the effectiveness of a computerized clinical decision support intervention aimed at reducing inappropriate clostridium difficile testing design retrospective cohort study setting university of pennsylvania health system, comprised of 3 large tertiary-care hospitals patients all adult patients admitted over a 2-year period intervention providers were required to use an order set integrated into a commercial electronic health record to order c. difficile toxin testing. the or ... | 2017 | 28760168 |
| nonantimicrobial drug targets for clostridium difficile infections. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major public health problem worldwide. treatment has become complicated due to the emergence of strains with increased toxigenicity and sporulation rate, together with rampant antibiotics use that disrupts colonization resistance of the colonic microbiota. as a result, there is a critical need for nonantibiotic treatments. therapies based on inhibiting the toxins, bacterial structures responsible for colonization, virulence and restoration of the gut mi ... | 2017 | 28759258 |
| acute appendicitis: an extracolonic manifestation of clostridium difficile colitis. | the current report is the case of a 30-year-old male patient who presented with symptomatology suggestive of appendicitis. however, careful history-taking and laboratory tests led to the diagnosis of clostridium difficile colitis, resulting in successful nonsurgical management of this patient. although both appendicitis and c. difficile colitis are common conditions, they are rarely diagnosed concurrently. this is reflected by paucity of literature describing this manifestation. given this curre ... | 2017 | 28757875 |
| associations between antimicrobial stewardship program elements and clostridium difficile infection performance. | hospitals are categorized as better, no different, or worse at a national level based on their clostridium difficile infection performance. institutional antimicrobial stewardship programs seek to decrease the occurrence of c difficile by implementing strategies to address antibiotic usage; however, optimal structure and strategies for accomplishing this remain largely unknown. we found that a higher proportion of hospitals with either a worse or no different rank used a postprescription audit a ... | 2017 | 28757087 |
| underutilization of norovirus testing in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients at a large cancer center. | the development of a new laboratory-developed norovirus assay provided an opportunity to assess testing patterns, incidence, and outcomes of norovirus among hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. clostridium difficile and norovirus tests from 1,393 hct recipients were compared in these analyses. in this population of high-risk patients, norovirus appeared to occur seasonally, but testing was infrequent despite a correlation with more severe disease when compared with patients with c dif ... | 2017 | 28757083 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infections in french hospitals in 2014 from the national health insurance perspective. | objective to describe the hospital stays of patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and to measure the hospitalization costs of cdi (as primary and secondary diagnoses) from the french national health insurance perspective design burden of illness study setting all acute-care hospitals in france methods data were extracted from the french national hospitalization database (pmsi) for patients covered by the national health insurance scheme in 2014. hospitalizations were selected using ... | 2017 | 28756805 |
| antibiotic overuse is a major risk factor for clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is associated with increased cost, morbidity, and mortality in postoperative patients. variable rates of postoperative cdi are reported among 4 surgical specialties during the 30-month study period. risk factors for cdi include antibiotic use, increased asa score, and increased admissions in the past year. | 2017 | 28756789 |
| organoid culture systems to study host-pathogen interactions. | recent advances in host-microbe interaction studies in organoid cultures have shown great promise and have laid the foundation for much more refined future studies using these systems. modeling of zika virus (zikv) infection in cerebral organoids have helped us understand its association with microcephaly. similarly, the pathogenesis of bacterial (helicobacter pylori, clostridium difficile) and viral (norovirus, rotaviruses) infections have been precisely dissected in organoid cultures. addition ... | 2017 | 28756233 |
| outcomes of clostridium difficile-infected patients managed in a common isolation unit compared with isolation in their bed of diagnosis. | cohorting clostridium difficile infection (cdi) patients is a strategy which has not been thoroughly evaluated. we compared clinical characteristics and outcomes of cdi patients treated in a common isolation unit (ciu) versus those treated in their bed of diagnosis. patients treated in the ciu showed lower mortality rates and antibiotic usage; however, a higher recurrence rate was reported. | 2017 | 28754222 |
| performance evaluation of the verigene(®)clostridium difficile nucleic acid test, an automated multiplex molecular testing system for detection of c. difficile toxin. | the verigene(®)clostridium difficile nucleic acid test (verigene(®) cdf test) is an automatic and rapid detection system for the genes encoding tcda, tcdb, binary toxin, and the single nucleotide deletion at base pair 117 in the tcdc based on microarray and pcr amplification. we compared the performance of the verigene(®) cdf test to that of two enzyme immunoassays, c. diff quik chek complete and x/pect toxin a/b, using 118 specimens. we found overall concordance rates of 81.4% and 78.8% between ... | 2017 | 28751156 |
| susceptibilities of clinical clostridium difficile isolates to antimicrobials: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies since 1970. | although exposure to antibiotics can cause c. difficile infection, certain antibiotics are used to treat c. difficile. the measurements of antimicrobial clostridium difficile activity could help identifying antibiotic risk and emergent resistance. here, we describe publication patterns relating to c. difficile susceptibilities and estimate minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) for antibiotic classes in the published literature between january, 1970 and june, 2014. | 2017 | 28750918 |
| the present status of fecal microbiota transplantation and its value in the elderly. | purpose of review: this article will review current literature describing fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in the treatment of various diseases, and its potential role in elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years). | 2017 | 28748314 |
| fecal transplantation as a treatment for clostridium difficile infection in patients with ulcerative colitis. | clostridium difficile (cd) infection is currently the most frequent etiology of nosocomial diarrhea. besides, its incidence is progressively increasing in ambulatory patients. inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a risk factor of cd infection itself, but also due to the regular immunosuppressive treatment used in these patients. at the present time, fecal transplantation (ft) is a safe and cost-effective alternative if the previous antibiotic treatments have failed. similar outcomes between patie ... | 2017 | 28747056 |
| magnitude and direction of the association between clostridium difficile infection and proton pump inhibitors in adults and pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a cause of increased morbidity and health care costs among hospitalized patients. proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are mainly used for the treatment of acid-related upper gastrointestinal diseases. the aim of the study was to assess the risks associated with initial and recurrent cdi in adult and pediatric patients treated with ppis. | 2017 | 28744822 |
| protection of hamsters from mortality by reducing fecal moxifloxacin concentration with dav131a in a model of moxifloxacin-induced clostridium difficile colitis. | lowering the gut exposure to antibiotics during treatments can prevent microbiota disruption. we evaluated the effect of an activated charcoal-based adsorbent, dav131a, on fecal free moxifloxacin concentration and mortality in a hamster model of moxifloxacin-induced c. difficile infection. | 2017 | 28739791 |
| molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolated from the chinese people's liberation army general hospital in china. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming obligate anaerobe responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. its virulence is associated with the production of endotoxins a and b and endospores, which can cause symptoms, such as diarrhoea, toxic megacolon, and pseudomembranous colitis. given the increasing elderly population and the well-recognized problem of over-prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is critical to have an understanding of molecular epidemiology and antimi ... | 2017 | 28736259 |
| [recovery from episodes of clostridium difficile infection following the implementation of a consensus document]. | 2017 | 28734905 | |
| response to letter of k. singh, 'role of silver nitrate in the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide aerial decontamination systems' regarding s. ali et al. 'efficacy of two hydrogen peroxide vapour aerial decontamination systems for enhanced disinfection of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae and clostridium difficile in single isolation rooms'. | 2017 | 28734723 | |
| what do visitors know and how do they feel about contact precautions? | patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are placed in contact precautions. we surveyed 31 visitors of cdi patients to understand their compliance, knowledge, and perceptions of contact precautions. although most visitors knew where to find the required personal protective equipment, only 42% were fully compliant with gown and gloves. family members accounted for 90% of visitors, and roughly half of the reasons given for not gowning were related to a lack of perceived risk for family ... | 2017 | 28732742 |
| impact of simultaneous glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and toxin a/b rapid immunoassay on clostridium difficile diagnosis and treatment in hospitalized patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in a university hospital of brazil. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of health care-associated infection, but disagreement between diagnostic tests is an ongoing barrier to clinical decision making. conventional enzyme immunoassay (eia) for toxin detection is currently the most frequently used technique for cdi diagnosis, but its low sensitivity makes the development of an alternative strategy necessary for improving the diagnosis in developing countries. | 2017 | 28730697 |
| bezlotoxumab: a novel agent for the prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | over the last decade, the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have significantly increased, leading to a rise in cdi-associated hospitalizations, health care costs, and mortality. although treatment options exist for cdi, recurrence is frequent following treatment. furthermore, patients with at least one cdi recurrence are at an increased risk of developing additional recurrences. a novel approach to the prevention of recurrent cdi is the use of monoclonal antibodies ... | 2017 | 28730660 |
| clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings of acute bacterial enterocolitis in children. | this study clarified the bacterial pathogens currently causing acute infectious enterocolitis (aie) in children and evaluated the clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings according to the different pathogens. | 2017 | 28730135 |