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enterococcus faecalis infection causes inflammation, intracellular oxphos-independent ros production, and dna damage in human gastric cancer cells.achlorhydria caused by e.g. atrophic gastritis allows for bacterial overgrowth, which induces chronic inflammation and damage to the mucosal cells of infected individuals driving gastric malignancies and cancer. enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) can colonize achlohydric stomachs and we therefore wanted to study the impact of e. faecalis infection on inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species (ros) formation, mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial genetic stability in gastric mucosal ...201323646188
characterisation of the plasmidome within enterococcus faecalis isolated from marginal periodontitis patients in norway.the present study aimed to identify and characterize plasmids in a national collection of oral enterococcus faecalis (n = 106) isolated from patients with marginal periodontitis. plasmid replicon typing was performed by multiplex-pcr and sequencing with specific primers for 18 rep-families and 1 unique sequence. additional plasmid analysis by s1-pfge was performed for comparison. totally 120 plasmid replicon amplicons of seven rep-families were identified in 93 e. faecalis strains, e.g. rep9 (pr ...201323646122
enterococcal rgg-like regulator elrr activates expression of the elra operon.the enterococcus faecalis leucine-rich protein elra promotes virulence by stimulating bacterial persistence in macrophages and production of the interleukin-6 (il-6) cytokine. the elra protein is encoded within an operon that is poorly expressed under laboratory conditions but induced in vivo. in this study, we identify ef2687 (renamed elrr), which encodes a member of the rgg (regulator gene for glucosyltransferase) family of putative regulatory proteins. using quantitative reverse transcription ...201323645602
eep confers lysozyme resistance to enterococcus faecalis via the activation of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor sigv.enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tract of most mammals, including humans, and is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. one of the hallmarks of e. faecalis pathogenesis is its unusual ability to tolerate high concentrations of lysozyme, which is an important innate immune component of the host. previous studies have shown that the presence of lysozyme leads to the activation of sigv, an extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factor in e. fa ...201323645601
production of tyramine by enterococcus faecalis strains in water-boiled salted duck.the potential to produce biogenic amines was investigated with 15 lactococcus lactis and 15 enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from water-boiled salted duck. the production of biogenic amines from the isolated strains grown in de man rogosa sharpe broth containing precursor amino acids was determined by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. none of the l. lactis strains produced any biogenic amines, whereas 12 strains of e. faecalis produced tyramine and b -ph ...201323643128
nationwide surveillance of bacterial pathogens from patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis conducted by the japanese surveillance committee during 2009 and 2010: antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli and staphylococcus saprophyticus.the japanese surveillance committee conducted the first nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens responsible for female acute uncomplicated cystitis at 43 hospitals throughout japan from april 2009 to november 2010. in this study, the causative bacteria (escherichia coli and staphylococcus saprophyticus) and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents were investigated by isolation and culturing of bacteria from urine samples. in total, 387 strain ...201323640203
determination of the mode of action of enterolysin a, produced by enterococcus faecalis b9510.the current study aimed to visualize the damage caused by enterolysin a to the cells of sensitive strains and to find out cleavage site within the peptidoglycan moiety of bacterial cell walls.201323639072
identification of pathogens in mastitis milk samples with fluorescent in situ hybridization.traditionally, the bacteriological examination of mastitis milk samples is performed by culture followed by biochemical tests on the cultured bacteria to allow identification of the causative pathogen. depending on the species involved, this classic identification is time-consuming compared to other techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish), a culture-independent method that utilizes oligonucleotides (labeled with a fluorophore) that are specific to a string of target dna/rna. ...201323632662
structure, function, and biology of the enterococcus faecalis cytolysin.enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive commensal member of the gut microbiota of a wide range of organisms. with the advent of antibiotic therapy, it has emerged as a multidrug resistant, hospital-acquired pathogen. highly virulent strains of e. faecalis express a pore-forming exotoxin, called cytolysin, which lyses both bacterial and eukaryotic cells in response to quorum signals. originally described in the 1930s, the cytolysin is a member of a large class of lanthionine-containing bacterioc ...201323628786
colovesical fistula presenting with epididymitis.this article reports a case of colovesical fistula presenting with epididymitis. a 75-year-old man with a recent conservatively managed localised diverticular perforation presented to hospital with acute pain and swelling of his left testicle and epididymis. on further questioning, the patient reported passing air in his urine. urine cultures grew enterococcus faecalis. ultrasound scan confirmed a diagnosis of bacterial epididymitis and the patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics. subse ...201323616326
screening for polyphenols, antioxidant and antimicrobial activitiesof extracts from eleven helianthemum taxa (cistaceae) used in folk medicine in south-eastern spain.the helianthemum genus contains approximately one hundred taxa. some of them are important medicinal plants used in several countries for many different purposes. however, studies addressing the phytochemistry of many of these species or their biological activities are currently nonexistent.201323615124
the effect of mtadn on 10 enterococcus faecalis isolates and biofilm: an in vitro study.enterococcus faecalis is frequently isolated from both secondary and persistent root canal infections. mtad is an effective intracanal irrigant, but its bactericidal activity requires improvement. the goal of this study was to investigate whether nisin, an antibacterial peptide, improves the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of mtad against e. faecalis clinical isolates.201323611389
effect of enterococcus faecalis lipoteichoic acid on apoptosis in human osteoblast-like cells.enterococcus faecalis is commonly detected in persistent apical periodontitis characterized by unimproved periradicular bone resorption. the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of lipoteichoic acid (lta), a major virulence factor of e. faecalis, on apoptosis of osteoblasts.201323611381
evaluation of biological value and appraisal of polyphenols and glucosinolates from organic baby-leaf salads as antioxidants and antimicrobials against important human pathogenic bacteria.the present investigation has been carried out to investigate the biological role of four different types of baby-leaf salads and to study their potential as natural sources of antioxidants and antimicrobials against several isolates from important human pathogenic bacteria. four single types of salads (green lettuce, red lettuce, rucola and watercress) and two mixtures [(1) red lettuce+green lettuce; (2) green lettuce + red lettuce + watercress + rucola] were assayed. the hplc analysis revealed ...201323603948
in vivo assessment of growth and virulence gene expression during commensal and pathogenic lifestyles of luxabcde-tagged enterococcus faecalis strains in murine gastrointestinal and intravenous infection models.cytolysin and gelatinase are prominent pathogenicity determinants associated with highly virulent enterococcus faecalis strains. in an effort to explore the expression profiles of these virulence traits in vivo, we have employed e. faecalis variants expressing the luxabcde cassette under the control of either the p16s, cytolysin, or gelatinase promoter for infections of galleria mellonella caterpillars and mice. systemic infection of g. mellonella with bioluminescence-tagged e. faecalis mmh594 r ...201323603680
antibacterial serrulatane diterpenes from the australian native plant eremophila microtheca.chemical investigations of the aerial parts of the australian plant eremophila microtheca resulted in the isolation of three serrulatane diterpenoids, 3-acetoxy-7,8-dihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (1), 3,7,8-trihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (2) and 3,19-diacetoxy-8-hydroxyserrulat-14-ene (3) as well as the previously reported compounds verbascoside (4) and jaceosidin (5). acetylation and methylation of the major serrulatane diterpenoid 2 afforded 3,8-diacetoxy-7-hydroxyserrulat-14-en-19- ...201323602054
evaluation of the verigene gram-positive blood culture nucleic acid test for rapid detection of bacteria and resistance determinants.rapid identification of pathogens from blood cultures can decrease lengths of stay and improve patient outcomes. we evaluated the accuracy of the verigene gram-positive blood culture (bc-gp) nucleic acid test for investigational use only (nanosphere, inc., northbrook, il) for the identification of gram-positive bacteria from blood cultures. the detection of resistance genes (meca in staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis and vana or vanb in enterococcus faecium and enterococcus fae ...201323596240
bioreduction of sheep carcasses effectively contains and reduces pathogen levels under operational and simulated breakdown conditions.options for the storage and disposal of animal carcasses are extremely limited in the eu after the introduction of the eu animal by-products regulations (abpr; ec/1774/2002), leading to animosity within the livestock sector and the call for alternative methods to be validated. novel storage technologies such as bioreduction may be approved under the abpr provided that they can be shown to prevent pathogen proliferation. we studied the survival of enterococcus faecalis, salmonella spp., e. coli o ...201323590844
detection of antibiotic resistant enterococci and escherichia coli in free range iberian lynx (lynx pardinus).thirty fecal samples from wild specimens of iberian lynx were collected and analyzed for enterococcus spp. (27 isolates) and escherichia coli (18 isolates) recovery. the 45 isolates obtained were tested for antimicrobial resistance, molecular mechanisms of resistance, and presence of virulence genes. among the enterococci, enterococcus faecium and enterococcus hirae were the most prevalent species (11 isolates each), followed by enterococcus faecalis (5 isolates). high percentages of resistance ...201323588135
effects of laser treatment on endodontic pathogen enterococcus faecalis: a systematic review.the effects of laser on eradication of enterococcus faecalis in the root canal are unclear. the purpose of this review was to explore the antimicrobial effects of laser radiation on e. faecalis.201323586978
in situ synthesis and antibacterial activity of copper nanoparticle loaded natural montmorillonite clay based on contact inhibition and ion release.copper nanoparticle based clay composite has been synthesized by in situ reduction of a copper ammonium complex ion and characterized by different analytical instruments. the copper nanoparticles were both intercalated and adsorbed on the surface with diameters of <5nm (for intercalated) and 25-30nm (for adsorbed). the composite showed good stability for over 3 months in air. excellent antimicrobial activity of the composite was observed on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas ae ...201323584362
[small colony variants of enterococcus faecalis isolated from a patient with native aortic endocarditis]. 201323582315
genetic modifications to temperate enterococcus faecalis phage ef11 that abolish the establishment of lysogeny and sensitivity to repressor, and increase host range and productivity of lytic infection.ef11 is a temperate bacteriophage originally isolated by induction from a lysogenic enterococcus faecalis strain recovered from an infected root canal, and the ef11 prophage is widely disseminated among strains of e. faecalis. because e. faecalis has emerged as a significant opportunistic human pathogen, we were interested in examining the genes and regulatory sequences predicted to be critical in the establishment/maintenance of lysogeny by ef11 as a first step in the construction of the genome ...201323579685
design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of demethylvancomycin analogues against drug-resistant bacteria.five novel n-substituted demethylvancomycin derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized by using a structure-based approach. the in vitro antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), gentamicin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (gre), methicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae (mrs), and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre) were evaluated. one of the compounds, n-(6-phenylheptyl)demethylvancomycin (12 a), was found to exhibit more po ...201323576378
pyelonephritis: what are the present day causative organisms and antibiotic susceptibilities?infections of the lower urinary tract and acute pyelonephritis are commonly encountered in clinical practice. widespread usage of antibiotics and changing susceptibility profiles of uropathogens requires regular review of treatment guidelines to meet these challenges. we aimed to better understand the prevalence of uropathogens and emerging antibiotic resistance in patients with pyelonephritis requiring hospital admission.201323573984
insidious onset of tetraparesis due to cervical epidural abscess from enterococcus faecalis.we report a case of cervical epidural abscess from enterococcus faecalis, which caused an insidious onset of tetraparesis. this 53-year-old female with a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure under hemodialysis presented with pain and progressive weakness of upper and lower extremities without fever. although a recent mri she did at the beginning of symptoms showed no significant pathologies, except for a cervical disc herniation and adjacent spinal degeneration, and stenosis th ...201323573096
antagonistic self-sensing and mate-sensing signaling controls antibiotic-resistance transfer.conjugation is one of the most common ways bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance, contributing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant "superbugs." bacteria of the genus enterococcus faecalis are highly antibiotic-resistant nosocomial pathogens that use the mechanism of conjugation to spread antibiotic resistance between resistance-bearing donor cells and resistance-deficient recipient cells. here, we report a unique quorum sensing-based communication system that uses two antagonistic signaling ...201323569272
comparison of the risk of microbiological contamination between samples of breast milk obtained at home and at a healthcare facility.breast milk is the best food for preterm infants. due to their inadequate suction- swallowing action, the administration of expressed breast milk should be done with an orogastric tube. there is little information available regarding the microbiological safety of expressed breast milk. the aim of this article was to evaluate if there were any differences regarding the contamination of breast milk obtained at a healthcare facility versus at home.201323568067
influence of reciprocating single-file and rotary instrumentation on bacterial reduction on infected root canals.to compare the bacterial reduction achieved with reciprocating and rotary systems during root canal preparation.201323566213
response of e. faecalis biofilms to different associations of auxiliary substances during root canal preparation: a confocal laser microscopy analysis.this in vitro study evaluated the effect of different endodontic auxiliary chemical substances over enterococcus faecalis (ef) biofilm through confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm).201323564394
rapid induction of an immune response in rat peyer's patch after oral administration of enterococcus faecalis strain ec-12.a rapid and sharp immune response induced in peyer's patches (pps) by a single gavage of a heat-killed enterococcus faecalis strain ec-12 (ec-12) was demonstrated. ec-12 was observed inside the pps 2.5 h post administration and induction of tnf-α and cd69 gene expression was observed at the same time. the immune response in pps disappeared 24 h post administration.201323563541
comparison of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from water and clinical samples: antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relationships.enterococci are part of the normal intestinal flora in a large number of mammals, and these microbes are currently used as indicators of fecal contamination in water and food for human consumption. these organisms are considered one of the primary causes of nosocomial and environmental infections due to their ability to survive in the environment and to their intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials. the aims of this study were to determine the biochemical patterns and antimicrobial susceptibiliti ...201323560050
in vitro activity of daptomycin against enterococcus faecalis under various conditions of growth-phases, inoculum and ph.enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) has become a major leading cause of nosocomial endocarditis. treatment of such infections remains problematic and new therapeutic options are needed. nine e. faecalis strains were tested: six obtained from patients presenting endocarditis, one with isolated bacteremia, and two reference strains. antibiotics included daptomycin, alone or in combination, linezolid, tigecycline, rifampicin, gentamicin, teicoplanin, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin. time-kill studies i ...201323700464
treatment of high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococcus faecalis endocarditis with daptomycin plus ceftaroline.a recurrent case of left-sided endocarditis caused by high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococcus faecalis was successfully treated with ceftaroline and daptomycin. this combination demonstrated excellent synergy in vitro. mechanistically, ceftaroline enhanced binding of daptomycin to the cell membrane and sensitized e. faecalis to killing by human cathelicidin ll-37, a cationic innate host defense peptide. daptomycin plus ceftaroline may be considered in salvage therapy in e. faecalis endo ...201323689728
biodiversity of enterococcus faecalis based on genomic typing.enterococcus faecalis is a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tracts of different animals and is also found in other environments, such as plants, soil, food and water. the diverse nature of e. faecalis, which includes pathogenic, commensal and probiotic strains, calls for the development of tools for accurate discrimination and characterization at the strain level. here we studied the genetic relationships among 106 e. faecalis strains isolated from diverse origins and possessing differe ...201323685727
molecular characterization of high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococcus faecalis from chicken meat in korea.because the intrinsically antimicrobial-resistant enterococcus has acquired high-level aminoglycoside resistance genes, treating enterococcal infections is difficult. in this study, of the 101 food-borne enterococcus faecalis isolates collected from retail chicken meat between 2003 and 2010, 11 high-level gentamicin-resistant (hlgr) e. faecalis isolates (mics>2,048 μg/ml) were found. molecular characterization was performed to determine the basis of this resistance. all hlgr e. faecalis isolates ...201323685465
comparison of sealing ability of mta and endosequence bioceramic root repair material: a bacterial leakage study.to compare the sealing ability of proroot mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) to the sealing ability of endosequence bioceramic root repair material (es-bcrr) putty using a bacterial leakage model.201323682382
conservative management of a ruptured mycotic aneurysm.mycotic aneurysms are a well-recognised complication of infective endocarditis. in contrast to many sequelae of endocarditis, they can present late in the course of the disease, despite adequate treatment. we discuss the case of an 82-year-old patient who was successfully treated for enterococcus faecalis endocarditis, but presented late with a hypotensive collapse. ct imaging demonstrated a ruptured mycotic aneurysm. he underwent laparotomy, but the decision was made to treat conservatively to ...201323682082
short-term inactivation rates of selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria attached to metal oxide mineral surfaces: role of solution and surface chemistry.metal oxides such as ferric or aluminum oxides can play an important role in the retention of bacteria in granular aquatic environments; however, their role in bacterial inactivation is not well understood. herein, we examined the role of water chemistry and surface chemistry on the short-term inactivation rates of three bacteria when adhered to surfaces. to evaluate the role of water chemistry on the inactivation of attached bacteria, the loss in membrane integrity of bacteria attached to an ir ...201323679056
antimicrobial susceptibility among gram-positive organisms collected from pediatric patients globally between 2004 and 2011: results from the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial.the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (test) was designed to monitor global longitudinal changes in bacterial susceptibility to a panel of antimicrobial agents, including tigecycline. in this study, we examine susceptibility among gram-positive isolates collected from pediatric patients globally between 2004 and 2011. a total of 9,422 gram-positive isolates were contributed by 1,255 centers, predominantly from europe and north america. one-third of staphylococcus aureus isolates were ...201323678070
infective endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis treated with continuous infusion of ampicillin without adjunctive aminoglycosides.aminoglycosides are useful antimicrobial agents for treating infective endocarditis; however, they occasionally cause troublesome side effects, such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. we herein report a case of infective endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis that was treated successfully with continuous infusion of ampicillin without adjunctive aminoglycosides. the serum ampicillin concentrations were higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration for the target strain. although the use ...201323676604
volatile metabolites of pathogens: a systematic review.ideally, invading bacteria are detected as early as possible in critically ill patients: the strain of morbific pathogens is identified rapidly, and antimicrobial sensitivity is known well before the start of new antimicrobial therapy. bacteria have a distinct metabolism, part of which results in the production of bacteria-specific volatile organic compounds (vocs), which might be used for diagnostic purposes. volatile metabolites can be investigated directly in exhaled air, allowing for noninva ...201323675295
new antibacterial germacrene from verbesina negrensis.several health benefits have been attributed to members of the verbesina genus, including promotion of urinary and gastrointestinal health. verbesina species are also reported to exhibit antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activities. although members of the verbesina genus produce various pharmacologically relevant chemicals as secondary metabolites, including eudesmanes, flavonoids, guanidine alkaloids, acetylenic compounds, and germacrenes, the active compounds required for these be ...201323670623
assessment of pathogenic bacteria in treated graywater and irrigated soils.reuse of graywater (gw) for irrigation is recognized as a sustainable solution for water conservation. one major impediment for reuse of gw is the possible presence of pathogenic microorganisms. the presence and abundance of six pathogens and indicators were investigated in three gw recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland treatment systems and their respective irrigated yard soils. the treated gw and soils were monitored once every two months for six months using real-time quantitative p ...201323666359
genetic variability of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis isolates from humans, chickens, and pigs in malaysia.vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have been reported to be present in humans, chickens, and pigs in malaysia. in the present study, representative samples of vre isolated from these populations were examined for similarities and differences by using the multilocus sequence typing (mlst) method. housekeeping genes of enterococcus faecium (n = 14) and enterococcus faecalis (n = 11) isolates were sequenced and analyzed using the mlst databases eburst and goeburst. we found five sequence types ...201323666337
water dispersible magnetite nanoparticles influence the efficacy of antibiotics against planktonic and biofilm embedded enterococcus faecalis cells.the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of magnetic nanoparticles to potentiate, but also to accomplish a sustained and controlled drug release and subsequently improve the efficacy of antibiotics against enterococcus faecalis, one of the most resistant opportunistic pathogens, that poses a threat to chronically infected or immunocompromised patients and is difficult to eradicate from medical devices. to our knowledge, this is the first study trying to investigate the abilit ...201323664902
[evaluation of two different cold plasma treatments on root canal infected with enterococcus faecalis biofilms].to compare the bactericidal efficacy of two different cold plasma (glow discharge and dielectric barrier discharge) treatments on root canal infected with enterococcus faecalis biofilms in vitro.201323662566
fate of pathogenic bacteria in microcosms mimicking human body sites.during the infectious process, pathogens may reach anatomical sites where they are exposed to substances interfering with their growth. these substances can include molecules produced by the host, and his resident microbial population, as well as exogenous antibacterial drugs. suboptimal concentrations of inhibitory molecules and stress conditions found in vivo (high or low temperatures, lack of oxygen, extreme ph) might induce in bacteria the activation of survival mechanisms blocking their div ...201323657544
antimicrobial resistance of enterococcus species from meat and fermented meat products isolated by a pcr-based rapid screening method.enterococci are predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, but species commonly resident on vegetation are known. their presence in large numbers in foods may indicate a lapse in sanitation and their ability to serve as a genetic reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance is of concern. conventional culture methods for identification of enterococci are slow and sometimes give false results because of the biochemical diversity of the organisms in this genus. thi ...201323558191
microevolutionary events involving narrow host plasmids influences local fixation of vancomycin-resistance in enterococcus populations.vancomycin-resistance in enterococci (vre) is associated with isolates within st18, st17, st78 enterococcus faecium (efm) and st6 enterococcus faecalis (efs) human adapted lineages. despite of its global spread, vancomycin resistance rates in enterococcal populations greatly vary temporally and geographically. portugal is one of the european countries where tn1546 (vana) is consistently found in a variety of environments. a comprehensive multi-hierarchical analysis of vre isolates (75 efm and 29 ...201323555993
expression of the collagen adhesin ace by enterococcus faecalis strain og1rf is not repressed by ers but requires the ers box.expression of adhesin to collagen of enterococcus faecalis (ace), a known virulence factor, is increased by environmental signals such as the presence of serum, high temperature, and bile salts. currently, the enterococcal regulator of survival (ers) of e. faecalis strain jh2-2 is the only reported repressor of ace. here, we show that for strain og1rf, ers is not involved in the regulation of ace. our data showed similar levels of ace expression by og1rf and its δers derivative in the presence o ...201323551253
cd137 expressed on neutrophils plays dual roles in antibacterial responses against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections.severe sepsis and septic shock caused mainly by bacterial infections are life-threatening conditions that urge the development of novel therapies. however, host responses to and pathophysiology of sepsis have not been clearly understood, which remains a major obstacle for the development of effective therapeutics. recently, we have shown that stimulation of a costimulatory molecule, cd137, enhanced survival of mice infected with the gram-positive (g(+)) intracellular bacterium listeria monocytog ...201323545301
a new era for treating enterococcus faecalis endocarditis: ampicillin plus short-course gentamicin or ampicillin plus ceftriaxone: that is the question! 201323543003
enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis: a pilot study of the relationship between duration of gentamicin treatment and outcome.because of the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides, the danish guidelines on infective endocarditis were changed in january 2007, reducing gentamicin treatment in enterococcal infective endocarditis from 4 to 6 weeks to only 2 weeks. in this pilot study, we compare outcomes in patients with enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis treated in the years before and after endorsement of these new recommendations.201323543002
new trends in dentistry: plant extracts against enterococcus faecalis. the efficacy compared to chlorhexidine.enterococcus faecalis is an important pathogen associated with endodontic diseases, and its elimination and control are of paramount importance, as it represents one of the major causes of failure in the treatment of endodontic disease. twenty-five plant extracts obtained from brazilian forests were found to be effective against planktonic e. faecalis and were subjected to two traditional antibacterial assays, the microdilution broth assay (mdba) and the disk diffusion assay (dda), using chlorhe ...201323538423
nasal and perirectal colonization of vancomycin sensitive and resistant enterococci in patients of paediatrics icu (picu) of tertiary health care facilities.enterococci normally inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and are also a potential pathogen in causing nosocomial infections. the increase in antibiotic resistance and transfer of antibiotic resistance gene to staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) due to co-colonization has increased its importance in research. the aim of the study was to evaluate local epidemiology of nasal and rectal colonization with enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) and enterococcus faecium (e. faecium) in patients of paedia ...201323536967
crisprs of enterococcus faecalis and e. hirae isolates from pig feces have species-specific repeats but share some common spacer sequences.clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) are currently a topic of interest in microbiology due to their role as a prokaryotic immune system. investigations of crispr distribution and characterization to date have focused on pathogenic bacteria, while less is known about crispr in commensal bacteria, where they may have a significant role in the ecology of the microbiota of humans and other animals, and act as a recorder of interactions between bacteria and viruses. a co ...201323535981
effectiveness of a high purity chlorine dioxide solution in eliminating intracanal enterococcus faecalis biofilm.we investigated the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide (clo2) solution in comparison to sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (chx) in the elimination of intracanal enterococcus faecalis biofilm. extracted human teeth were inoculated with e. faecalis. after preparation the canals were irrigated with clo2, naocl, chx or physiologic saline for control. two and five days later bacterial samples were collected and streaked onto columbia agar. cfu/ml were counted. the canal walls wer ...201323529300
antibacterial effect of different root canal sealers on three bacterial species.bacteria persisting in the root canal system may thwart endodontic therapy. it is therefore interesting to know whether clinically available root canal sealers have an antimicrobial effect. the objective of the present in vitro study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of various sealers on the endodontologically detectable species enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis), fusobacterium nucleatum (f. nucleatum) and porphyromonas gingivalis (p. gingivalis).201323523285
antimicrobial activity of daptomycin tested against gram-positive pathogens collected in europe, latin america, and selected countries in the asia-pacific region (2011).we report the results of the international daptomycin surveillance programs for europe, latin america, and selected asia-pacific nations. a total of 7948 consecutive gram-positive organisms of clinical significance were collected in 2011 and susceptibility tested against daptomycin and various comparator agents by clinical and laboratory standards institute (clinical and laboratory standards institute. m07-a9. methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobic ...201323514757
effect of initial irrigation with sodium hypochlorite on residual antibacterial activity of tetraclean.the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dentin pretreatment with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) on the antibacterial substantivity of tetraclean in bovine root dentin in vitro. one hundred and forty dentin tubes prepared from bovine incisor teeth were infected with enterococcus faecalis for 14 days. the specimens were divided into five groups as follows: tetraclean; 5.25% naocl/tetraclean; 2% chlorhexidine (chx); infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (nega ...201323513547
a liaf codon deletion abolishes daptomycin bactericidal activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis.the genetic bases for antibiotic tolerance are obscure. daptomycin (dap) is a lipopeptide antibiotic with bactericidal activity against enterococci. using time-kill assays, we provide evidence for the first time that a deletion of isoleucine in position 177 of liaf, a member of the three-component regulatory system liafsr involved in the cell envelope response to antimicrobials, is directly responsible for a dap-tolerant phenotype and is likely to negatively affect response to dap therapy.201323507277
comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of syzygium aromaticum, ocimum sanctum and cinnamomum zeylanicum plant extracts against enterococcus faecalis: a preliminary study.to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of ocimum sanctum, cinnamomum zeylanicum, syzygium aromaticum and 3% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) against enterococcus faecalis in planktonic suspension and biofilm phenotypes.201323506110
bacteria isolated from dugongs (dugong dugon) submitted for postmortem examination in queensland, australia, 2000-2011.microbial infection may contribute to disease in a significant proportion of marine mammal mortalities, but little is known about infectious bacterial species and their prevalence in dugongs (dugong dugon). this study represents a survey of the species of bacteria and fungi isolated from dugongs submitted to the university of queensland's school of veterinary science for postmortem examination. thirty-six dugongs were included in the survey, with 23 species of bacteria and four species of fungus ...201323505701
evaluation of the antibacterial activity of three gutta-percha solvents against enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) is implicated as the common etiological agent of root canal treatment failure. the study was aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy and to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 3 gutta-percha solvents-rc solve, endosolv-e, and xylene against e. faecalis.201323504811
antimicrobial effect of alexidine and chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis infection.a previous study demonstrated that alexidine has greater affinity for the major virulence factors of bacteria than chlorhexidine. the aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of 1% alexidine with that of 2% chlorhexidine using enterococcus faecalis-infected dentin blocks. sixty bovine dentin blocks were prepared and randomly divided into six groups of 10 each. e. faecalis was inoculated on 60 dentin blocks using the luppens apparatus for 24 h and then the dentin blocks were so ...201323492900
antimicrobial activity and hydrophobicity of edible whey protein isolate films formulated with nisin and/or glucose oxidase.the use of edible antimicrobial films has been reported as a means to improve food shelf life through gradual releasing of antimicrobial compounds on the food surface. this work reports the study on the incorporation of 2 antimicrobial agents, nisin (n), and/or glucose oxidase (go), into the matrix of whey protein isolate (wpi) films at ph 5.5 and 8.5. the antimicrobial activity of the edible films was evaluated against listeria innocua (atcc 33090), brochothrix thermosphacta (ncib10018), escher ...201323488765
ex vivo antimicrobial efficacy of strong acid electrolytic water against enterococcus faecalis biofilm.to observe the antimicrobial effect of strong acid electrolytic water (saew) against an enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) biofilm when used as a root canal irrigant.201323488685
antibacterial effects of two different types of laser and aqueous ozone against enterococcus faecalis in root canals.the purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of two different types of laser and aqueous ozone in human root canals infected by enterococcus faecalis.201323484588
isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis in a patient with aplastic anaemia.a 42-year-old female patient of aplastic anaemia on maintenance blood transfusion presented with a 3-week history of fever, cough, dyspnoea and pedal oedema. upon examination she  was found to have severe pallor, temperature of 101°f, tachycardia, bilateral pitting pedal oedema, raised jugular venous pressure, ejection systolic murmur (grade 2/6) in pulmonary area and petechiae over extensor aspect of both lower limbs. blood investigations revealed low haemoglobin, thrombocytopaenia and mild inc ...201323483061
substituted 1,6-diphenylnaphthalenes as ftsz-targeting antibacterial agents.bacterial cell division occurs in conjunction with the formation of a cytokinetic z-ring structure comprised of ftsz subunits. agents that disrupt z-ring formation have the potential, through this unique mechanism, to be effective against several of the newly emerging multidrug-resistant strains of infectious bacteria. several 1-phenylbenzo[c]phenanthridines exhibit notable antibacterial activity. based upon their structural similarity to these compounds, a distinct series of substituted 1,6-dip ...201323481648
predominant role of host proteases in myocardial damage associated with infectious endocarditis induced by enterococcus faecalis in a rat model.infective endocarditis (ie) remains a life-threatening infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. the objectives of the present study are to assess the host proteolytic activities of the vegetations and their cytotoxic potential in a rat model of experimental ie. rats were infected with a strain of enterococcus faecalis of particularly low virulence and weak protease expression. we tested the presence of proteases released by infiltrated leukocytes (matrix metalloproteinases and elast ...201323478315
vancomycin resistant enterococci: from the hospital effluent to the urban wastewater treatment plant.vancomycin is an important antibiotic to treat serious nosocomial enterococci infections. human activities, in particular those related with clinical practices performed in hospitals, can potentiate the transfer and selection of clinically-relevant resistant bacteria such as vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre). indeed, previous studies demonstrated the occurrence of vre in urban wastewater treatment plants and related environments (e.g. sewage, rivers). in this study, the occurrence of vre in ...201323474261
draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis pc1.1, a candidate probiotic strain isolated from human feces.enterococcus faecalis is commonly isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy infants and adults, where it contributes to host health and well-being. we describe here the draft genome sequence of e. faecalis pc1.1, a candidate probiotic strain isolated from human feces.201323469340
east north central region has the highest prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis in the united states. 201323466924
undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase confers low-level resistance to bacitracin in enterococcus faecalis.undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatases (uppps) have been implicated in bacitracin resistance in some bacterial genera and the aim of this study was to determine the role of uppps in mediating low-level bacitracin resistance in enterococcus faecalis.201323460607
ahrc and eep are biofilm infection-associated virulence factors in enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis is part of the human intestinal microbiome and is a prominent cause of health care-associated infections. the pathogenesis of many e. faecalis infections, including endocarditis and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti), is related to the ability of clinical isolates to form biofilms. to identify chromosomal genetic determinants responsible for e. faecalis biofilm-mediated infection, we used a rabbit model of endocarditis to test strains with transposon insert ...201323460519
potent antibacterial activity of oligo-3-aminopyridine against staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis.oligo-3-aminopyridine (oap) was tested for its antibacterial activity against two gram positive (staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis) and two gram negative (escherchia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains. antibacterial efficacy was measured by disk diffusion assay. inhibition zones demonstrated that 50 microg oap showed strong antibacterial activity against the gram-positive strains; the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc ...201322900341
initial bacterial adhesion on different yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia implant surfaces in vitro.bacterial adhesion to implant biomaterials constitutes a virulence factor leading to biofilm formation, infection and treatment failure. the aim of this study was to examine the initial bacterial adhesion on different implant materials in vitro. four implant biomaterials were incubated with enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans for 2 h: 3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal surface (b1a), b1a with zirconium oxide (zro₂) coating (b2a), b1a with zirc ...201328788415
in vitro activity of gentamicin-loaded bioabsorbable beads against different microorganisms.osteomyelitis is responsible for high treatment costs, long hospital stays, and results in substantial morbidity. treatment with surgical debridement and antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmetacrylate (pmma) beads is the standard of care, providing high local but low serum antibiotic concentrations, thereby avoiding systemic toxicity. however, for several reasons, the beads require surgical removal. alternative antibiotic delivery systems should improve the treatment of bone infection, actively en ...201328811436
the use of optical fiber in endodontic photodynamic therapy. is it really relevant?this study analyzed the necessity of use of an optical fiber/diffusor when performing antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (pdt) associated with endodontic therapy. fifty freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. conventional endodontic treatment was performed using a sequence of protaper (dentsply maillefer instruments), the teeth were sterilized, and the canals were contaminated with enterococcus faecalis 3 days' biofilm. the samples were divided into five groups: group 1--ten roots ...201322399242
synthesis, antimicrobial activity and molecular modeling study of substituted 5-aryl-pyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline-2,4-diones.a series of pyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline-2,4-dione derivatives 5a-k were synthesized in moderate yields via a thermolysis reaction of equimolar ratio of 5-arylidine-1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivatives 3a-d with aniline derivatives 4a-d at 150-180 °c for 1-2 h. eight of the synthesized compounds were chosen for a primary in vitro one-dose anticancer assay performed using the full nci 60 cell panel. only compound 5b showed moderate gi% at the used dose (10 μm) against four of the tested cell lines ...201322397395
enterococcus ureilyticus sp. nov. and enterococcus rotai sp. nov., two urease-producing enterococci from the environment.a set of 25 urease-producing, yellow-pigmented enterococci was isolated from environmental sources. phenotypic classification divided the isolates into two phena. both phena were characterized using 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, dna base composition, rep-pcr fingerprinting and automated ribotyping. the obtained data distinguished the isolates from all members of the genus enterococcus with validly published names and placed them in the enterococcus faecalis species group. dna-dna hybridizatio ...201322523160
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new hydrazone-bridged thiazole-pyrrole derivatives.in this work, we synthesized fourteen different compounds which contain hydrazone bridged thiazole and pyrrole rings. for this purpose, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes were reacted directly with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol and then obtained thiosemicarbazones were condensed with α-bromoacetophenone derivatives (hantzsch reaction) to give 1-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde [4-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl] hydrazones. the structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated by using ir, ...201322651798
standardization of isothermal microcalorimetry in urinary tract infection detection by using artificial urine.isothermal microcalorimetry (imc) has recently been reported as a new method to rapidly detect urinary tract pathogens (utp). however, further application of microcalorimetry in the clinical setting requires a standardized procedure. an important step toward such standardization is to use a reproducible growth medium. in this study, we investigated the potential of artificial urine in combination with microcalorimetry for detection of common utp.201322832589
activity of oritavancin against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and β-haemolytic streptococci collected from western european countries in 2011.to determine the activity of oritavancin against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and β-haemolytic streptococci recently isolated from acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections or bacteraemia in western europe.201322941898
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the volatile oil from seeds of artemisia annua l. from iran.the composition of essential oil of the seeds of artemisia annua l. was analysed by gc-ms. overall, 16 volatile components were identified on the basis of their mass spectra characteristics and retention indices representing 95.5% of the total oil. trans-3(10)-caren-4-ol (22.3%), artemisia ketone (18.6%), 1,8-cineole (14.9%), δ-selinene (13.0%) and α-pinene (8.2%) were the major compounds. oxygenated monoterpenes were the main compounds with 51.6% followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (13.3%), ...201322348222
outbreak of mastitis in sheep caused by multi-drug resistant enterococcus faecalis in sardinia, italy.an outbreak of infective mastitis due to enterococcus faecalis occurred in an intensive sheep farm in north sardinia (italy). e. faecalis, which is only rarely isolated from sheep milk, was unexpectedly found in 22·3% of positive samples at microbiological examination. forty-five out of the 48 e. faecalis isolates showed the same multi-drug resistance pattern (cloxacillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, clindamycin, oxytetracycline). e. faecalis isolates were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophores ...201322595402
speciation and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from recreational beaches in malaysia.we report the first study on the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in coastal bathing waters in malaysia. one hundred and sixty-five enterococci isolates recovered from two popular recreational beaches in malaysia were speciated and screened for antibiotic resistance to a total of eight antibiotics. prevalence of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium was highest in both beaches. e. faecalis/e. faecium ratio was 0.384:1 and 0.375:1, respectively, for isolates from port dicks ...201322592782
in vitro evaluation of the root canal cleaning ability of plant extracts and their antimicrobial action.this in vitro study evaluated both the antimicrobial activity and the root canal cleaning ability of plant extracts used in irrigation solutions. the antimicrobial activities of the aroeira-da-praia (schinus terebintifolius raddi) and the quixabeira (syderoxylum obtusifolium roem & schult) hydroalcoholic extracts, of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and of 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control) against enterococcus faecalis were tested with the agar well diffusion method. the level of root canal ...201322641440
uncommitted role of enterococcal surface protein, esp, and origin of isolates on biofilm production by enterococcus faecalis isolated from bovine mastitis.this study was conducted in order to determine the occurrence of esp and biofilm formation among enterococcus faecalis causing mastitis isolated from different bovine and environmental origins.201322520271
the persistence of flood-borne pathogens on building surfaces under drying conditions.previous research into microbial persistence on material surfaces following flooding has produced a wide range of results due to differing experimental conditions, including the temperature and humidity conditions of the experimental material and/or surrounding air. however, investigations to identify and quantify these factors and their links to the hygrothermal properties of building materials and the transient environmental conditions are rarely reported. this paper examines the viability of ...201322516628
monitoring in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 26 indian spices against multidrug resistant urinary tract infecting bacteria.to screen methanolic extracts of 26 commonly used indian spices against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa), isolated from clinical samples of a tertiary care hospital for antibacterial activity.201428664089
diversity of streptococcus mutans strains in bacterial interspecies interactions.biofilms are matrix-enclosed microbial population adhere to each other and to surfaces. compared to planktonic bacterial cells, biofilm cells show much higher levels of antimicrobial resistance. we aimed to investigate streptococcus mutans strain diversity in biofilm formation and chlorhexidine (chx) resistance of single s. mutans and dual s. mutans-enterococcus faecalis biofilms. four clinical s. mutans strains (c180-2, c67-1, hg723 and ua159) formed 24-h biofilms with or without an e. faecalis ...201423456658
emergence of mutation-based linezolid-resistant invasive enterococcus faecalis in a haemodialysis patient in norway. 201423656533
microparticles containing propolis and metronidazole: in vitro characterization, release study and antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens.ethylcellulose microparticles containing metronidazole and propolis extractive solution were prepared and evaluated in vitro against periodontal pathogens. scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, drug entrapment efficiency and drug release of microparticles were determined. the antimicrobial activity of microparticles was evaluated against microorganisms of periodontal importance (enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus mutans, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella ...201423356908
the efficacy of passion fruit juice as an endodontic irrigant compared with sodium hypochlorite solution: an in vitro study.to assess the effectiveness of several concentrations of two forms of passion fruit juice (pfj) in the elimination of enterococcus faecalis and to compare the antibacterial property of pfj with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) as an intracanal irrigant.201423355285
incidence, clinical characteristics and 30-day mortality of enterococcal bacteraemia in denmark 2006-2009: a population-based cohort study.enterococci currently account for approximately 10% of all bacteraemias, reflecting remarkable changes in their epidemiology. however, population-based data of enterococcal bacteraemia are scarce. a population-based cohort study comprised all patients with a first episode of enterococcus faecalis or enterococcus faecium bacteraemia in two danish regions during 2006-2009. we used data collected prospectively during clinical microbiological counselling and hospital registry data. we determined the ...201423647880
study of photodynamic effects on nih 3t3 cell line and bacteria.bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a constantly growing challenge. photodynamic therapy (pdt) offers a new approach to the treatment of bacterial and viral diseases. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of photosensitizers used in pdt applied to cell lines and bacterial strains.201423073531
direct detection and quantification of bacterial genes associated with inflammation in dna isolated from stool.although predominantly associated with health benefits, the gut microbiota has also been shown to harbor genes that promote inflammation. in this work, we report a method for the direct detection and quantification of these pro-inflammatory bacterial genes by pcr and qpcr in dna extracted from human stool samples. pcr reactions were performed to detect (i) the pks island genes, (ii) tcpc, which is present in some strains of escherichia coli and (iii) gele presented in some strains of enterococcu ...201425635239
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