Publications

varroa destructor and viruses association in honey bee colonies under different climatic conditions.	honey bee colonies are threatened by multiple factors including complex interactions between environmental and diseases such as parasitic mites and viruses. we compared the presence of honeybee-pathogenic viruses and varroa infestation rate in four apiaries: commercial colonies that received treatment against varroa and non-treated colonies that did not received any treatment for the last four years located in temperate and subtropical climate. in addition, we evaluated the effect of climate and ...	2016	26972121
a mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health.	honey bee colony losses are triggered by interacting stress factors consistently associated with high loads of parasites and/or pathogens. a wealth of biotic and abiotic stressors are involved in the induction of this complex multifactorial syndrome, with the parasitic mite varroa destructor and the associated deformed wing virus (dwv) apparently playing key roles. the mechanistic basis underpinning this association and the evolutionary implications remain largely obscure. here we narrow this re ...	2016	26951652
deformed wing virus is a recent global epidemic in honeybees driven by varroa mites.	deformed wing virus (dwv) and its vector, the mite varroa destructor, are a major threat to the world's honeybees. although the impact of varroa on colony-level dwv epidemiology is evident, we have little understanding of wider dwv epidemiology and the role that varroa has played in its global spread. a phylogeographic analysis shows that dwv is globally distributed in honeybees, having recently spread from a common source, the european honeybee apis mellifera. dwv exhibits epidemic growth and t ...	2016	26912700
transcriptome analysis of the synganglion from the honey bee mite, varroa destructor and rnai knockdown of neural peptide targets.	varroa mites (varroa destructor) and the viruses that they transmit are one of the major contributing factors to the global honey bee crisis. gene products within the nervous system are the targets of all the insecticides currently used to control varroa but there is a paucity of transcriptomic data available for varroa neural tissues. a cdna library from the synganglia ("brains") of adult female varroa was constructed and 600 ests sequenced and analysed revealing several current and potential d ...	2016	26721201
antibiofilm efficacy of honey and bee-derived defensin-1 on multi-species wound biofilm.	many clinically relevant biofilms are polymicrobial. examining the effect of antimicrobials in a multi-species biofilm consortium is of great clinical importance. the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of different honey types against bacterial wound pathogens grown in multi-species biofilm and to test the antibiofilm activity of honey defensin-1 in its recombinant form. modified lubbock chronic wound biofilm formed by four bacterial species (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus ag ...	2016	26861950
superinfection exclusion and the long-term survival of honey bees in varroa-infested colonies.	over the past 50 years, many millions of european honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies have died as the ectoparasitic mite, varroa destructor, has spread around the world. subsequent studies have indicated that the mite's association with a group of rna viral pathogens (deformed wing virus, dwv) correlates with colony death. here, we propose a phenomenon known as superinfection exclusion that provides an explanation of how certain a. mellifera populations have survived, despite varroa infestation ...	2016	26505829
the genome of nosema sp. isolate ynpr: a comparative analysis of genome evolution within the nosema/vairimorpha clade.	the microsporidian parasite designated here as nosema sp. isolate ynpr was isolated from the cabbage butterfly pieris rapae collected in honghe prefecture, yunnan province, china. the genome was sequenced by illumina sequencing and compared to those of two related members of the nosema/vairimorpha clade, nosema ceranae and nosema apis. based upon assembly statistics, the nosema sp. ynpr genome is 3.36 x 106bp with a g+c content of 23.18% and 2,075 protein coding sequences. an "accctt" motif is p ...	2016	27598992
inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo.	bee venom (bv) from honey bee (apis melifera l.) contains at least 18 pharmacologically active components including melittin (mlt), phospholipase a2 (pla2), and apamin etc. bv is safe for human treatments dose dependently and proven to possess different healing properties including antibacterial and antiparasitidal properties. nevertheless, antiviral properties of bv have not well investigated. hence, we identified the potential antiviral properties of bv and its component against a broad panel ...	2016	27888461
the high-throughput production of dsrna against sacbrood virus for use in the honey bee apis cerana (hymenoptera: apidae).	sacbrood virus (sbv) is a serious threat to honey bees. currently, there is no specific drug available for the treatment of sbv that does not affect the quality of the bee product. rna interference (rnai) is an important antiviral strategy for disease control. to effectively utilize this technology, the large-scale production and purification of double-stranded rna (dsrna) is necessary. here, a dsrna-expressing plasmid targeting the vp1 gene of chinese sacbrood virus (csbv) was constructed and e ...	2016	27139728
comparative analyses of cu-zn superoxide dismutase (sod1) and thioredoxin reductase (trxr) at the mrna level between apis mellifera l. and apis cerana f. (hymenoptera: apidae) under stress conditions.	this study compared stress-induced expression of cu-zn superoxide dismutase (sod1) and thioredoxin reductase (trxr) genes in the european honeybee apis mellifera l. and asian honeybee apis cerana f. expression of both sod1 and trxr rapidly increased up to 5 h after exposure to cold (4 °c) or heat (37 °c) treatment and then gradually decreased, with a stronger effect induced by cold stress in a. mellifera compared with a. cerana. injection of stress-inducing substances (methyl viologen, [mv] and ...	2016	26798140
induced thiacloprid insensitivity in honeybees (apis mellifera l.) is associated with up-regulation of detoxification genes.	honey bees, apis mellifera, are markedly less sensitive to neonicotinoid insecticides containing a cyanoimino pharmacophore than to those with a nitroimino group. although previous work has suggested that this results from enhanced metabolism of the former by detoxification enzymes, the specific enzyme(s) involved remain to be characterized. in this work, a pretreatment of honey bees with a sublethal dose of thiacloprid resulted in induced insensitivity to the same compound immediately following ...	2016	26790026
microbiological and physicochemical analysis of yateí (tetragonisca angustula) honey for assessing quality standards and commercialization.	due to the interest in the production and trading of yateí (tetragonisca angustula) honey in the province of misiones, argentina, in this work we assessed microbiological and physicochemical parameters in order to contribute to the elaboration of standards for quality control and promote commercialization. results showed that yateí honey samples had significantly different microbiological and physicochemical characteristics in comparison to established quality standards for apis mellifera honey. ...	2016	25576417
analysis of the differentiation of kenyon cell subtypes using three mushroom body-preferential genes during metamorphosis in the honeybee (apis mellifera l.).	the adult honeybee (apis mellifera l.) mushroom bodies (mbs, a higher center in the insect brain) comprise four subtypes of intrinsic neurons: the class-i large-, middle-, and small-type kenyon cells (lkcs, mkcs, and skcs, respectively), and class-ii kcs. analysis of the differentiation of kc subtypes during metamorphosis is important for the better understanding of the roles of kc subtypes related to the honeybee behaviors. in the present study, aiming at identifying marker genes for kc subtype ...	2016	27351839
starving honey bee (apis mellifera) larvae signal pheromonally to worker bees.	cooperative brood care is diagnostic of animal societies. this is particularly true for the advanced social insects, and the honey bee is the best understood of the insect societies. a brood pheromone signaling the presence of larvae in a bee colony has been characterised and well studied, but here we explored whether honey bee larvae actively signal their food needs pheromonally to workers. we show that starving honey bee larvae signal to workers via increased production of the volatile pheromo ...	2016	26924295
oral transfer of chemical cues, growth proteins and hormones in social insects.	social insects frequently engage in oral fluid exchange - trophallaxis - between adults, and between adults and larvae. although trophallaxis is widely considered a food-sharing mechanism, we hypothesized that endogenous components of this fluid might underlie a novel means of chemical communication between colony members. through protein and small-molecule mass spectrometry and rna sequencing, we found that trophallactic fluid in the ant camponotus floridanus contains a set of specific digestio ...	2016	27894417
ancient duplications have led to functional divergence of vitellogenin-like genes potentially involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in honey bees.	protection against inflammation and oxidative stress is key in slowing down aging processes. the honey bee (apis mellifera) shows flexible aging patterns linked to the social role of individual bees. one molecular factor associated with honey bee aging regulation is vitellogenin, a lipoglycophosphoprotein with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. recently, we identified three genes in hymenopteran genomes arisen from ancient insect vitellogenin duplications, named vg-like-a, -b, and -c. ...	2016	26961250
genome sequence of hafnia alvei bta3_1, a bacterium with antimicrobial properties isolated from honey bee gut.	hafnia alvei bta3_1, a strain with antibacterial properties, was isolated from honey bee gut and cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. to explore the potential genetic bases of its antibacterial and possible pathogenic properties, the complete genome of this organism was sequenced and analyzed.	2016	27284146
characterization of genomic variants associated with scout and recruit behavioral castes in honey bees using whole-genome sequencing.	among forager honey bees, scouts seek new resources and return to the colony, enlisting recruits to collect these resources. differentially expressed genes between these behaviors and genetic variability in scouting phenotypes have been reported. whole-genome sequencing of 44 apis mellifera scouts and recruits was undertaken to detect variants and further understand the genetic architecture underlying the behavioral differences between scouts and recruits. the median coverage depth in recruits a ...	2016	26784945
the iflaviruses sacbrood virus and deformed wing virus evoke different transcriptional responses in the honeybee which may facilitate their horizontal or vertical transmission.	sacbrood virus (sbv) and deformed wing virus (dwv) are evolutionarily related positive-strand rna viruses, members of the iflavirus group. they both infect the honeybee apis mellifera but have strikingly different levels of virulence when transmitted orally. honeybee larvae orally infected with sbv usually accumulate high levels of the virus, which halts larval development and causes insect death. in contrast, oral dwv infection at the larval stage usually causes asymptomatic infection with low ...	2016	26819848
the buzz about honey bee viruses.		2016	27537076
novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant varroa destructor populations from the southeastern usa.	the parasitic mite varroa destructor has a significant worldwide impact on bee colony health. in the absence of control measures, parasitized colonies invariably collapse within 3 years. the synthetic pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin have proven very effective at managing this mite within apiaries, but intensive control programs based mainly on one active ingredient have led to many reports of pyrethroid resistance. in europe, a modification of leucine to valine at position 925 (l925v) ...	2016	27191597
rnai-mediated functional analysis of bursicon genes related to adult cuticle formation and tanning in the honeybee, apis mellifera.	bursicon is a heterodimeric neurohormone that acts through a g protein-coupled receptor named rickets (rk), thus inducing an increase in camp and the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cuticular tanning pathway. in insects, the role of bursicon in the post-ecdysial tanning of the adult cuticle and wing expansion is well characterized. here we investigated the roles of the genes encoding the bursicon subunits during the adult cuticle development in the honeybee, a ...	2016	27907116
two novel viruses associated with the apis mellifera pathogenic mite varroa destructor.	varroa destructor infestation of apis mellifera colonies carries and/or promotes replication of honey bee viruses like the deformed wing virus, the varroa destructor virus-1, the acute bee paralysis virus, the israeli acute bee paralysis virus and the kashmir bee virus that have been well described and characterized; but viruses exclusively associated with varroa were not found. to look for viruses that may associate with- or infect v. destructor we performed deep sequencing (rna-seq) of rna ext ...	2016	27883042
differential gene expression in varroa jacobsoni mites following a host shift to european honey bees (apis mellifera).	varroa mites are widely considered the biggest honey bee health problem worldwide. until recently, varroa jacobsoni has been found to live and reproduce only in asian honey bee (apis cerana) colonies, while v. destructor successfully reproduces in both a. cerana and a. mellifera colonies. however, we have identified an island population of v. jacobsoni that is highly destructive to a. mellifera, the primary species used for pollination and honey production. the ability of these populations of mi ...	2016	27852222
ligand selectivity in tachykinin and natalisin neuropeptidergic systems of the honey bee parasitic mite varroa destructor.	the varroa mite, varroa destructor, is a devastating ectoparasite of the honey bees apis mellifera and a. cerana. control of these mites in beehives is a challenge in part due to the lack of toxic agents that are specific to mites and not to the host honey bee. in searching for a specific toxic target of varroa mites, we investigated two closely related neuropeptidergic systems, tachykinin-related peptide (trp) and natalisin (ntl), and their respective receptors. honey bees lack both ntl and the ...	2016	26817786
[determination of plant protective agent residues in bee honey. 2. semiquantitative thin layer chromatographic determination of herbicide residues in bee honey].		2016	4725510
whole-genome sequence analysis of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the crop of a red-tailed bumble bee, bombus lapidarius.	the whole-genome sequence of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, an endosymbiotic acetic acid bacterium (aab) occurring in bumble bees, was determined to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic capabilities. the draft genome sequence of b. intestini lmg 28161t was 2.02 mb. metabolic carbohydrate pathways were in agreement with the metabolite analyses of fermentation experiments and revealed its oxidative capacity towards sucrose, d-glucose, d-fructose and d-mannitol, but not eth ...	2016	27851750
bumble bee parasite strains vary in resistance to phytochemicals.	nectar and pollen contain diverse phytochemicals that can reduce disease in pollinators. however, prior studies showed variable effects of nectar chemicals on infection, which could reflect variable phytochemical resistance among parasite strains. inter-strain variation in resistance could influence evolutionary interactions between plants, pollinators, and pollinator disease, but testing direct effects of phytochemicals on parasites requires elimination of variation between bees. using cell cul ...	2016	27883009
endosymbiotic bacteria in honey bees: arsenophonus spp. are not transmitted transovarially.	intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria are common and can play a crucial role for insect pathology. therefore, such bacteria could be a potential key to our understanding of major losses of western honey bees (apis mellifera) colonies. however, the transmission and potential effects of endosymbiotic bacteria in a. mellifera and other apis spp. are poorly understood. here, we explore the prevalence and transmission of the genera arsenophonus, wolbachia, spiroplasma and rickettsia in apis spp. colon ...	2016	27279628
bee venom (apis mellifera) an effective potential alternative to gentamicin for specific bacteria strains: bee venom an effective potential for bacteria.	mellitine, a major component of bee venom (bv, apis mellifera), is more active against gram positive than gram negative bacteria. moreover, bv has been reported to have multiple effects, including antibacterial, antivirus, and anti-inflammation effects, in various types of cells. in addition, wasp venom has been reported to have antibacterial properties. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bv against selected gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains of me ...	2016	27695631
differential expression pattern of vago in bumblebee (bombus terrestris), induced by virulent and avirulent virus infections.	viruses are one of the main drivers of the decline of domesticated and wild bees but the mechanisms of antiviral immunity in pollinators are poorly understood. recent work has suggested that next to the small interfering rna (sirna) pathway other immune-related pathways play a role in the defense of the bee hosts against viral infection. in addition, vago plays a role in the cross-talk between the innate immune pathways in culex mosquito cells. here we describe the vago orthologue in bumblebees ...	2016	27680717
israeli acute paralysis virus infection leads to an enhanced rna interference response and not its suppression in the bumblebee bombus terrestris.	rna interference (rnai) is the primary antiviral defense system in insects and its importance for pollinator health is indisputable. in this work, we examined the effect of israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) infection on the rnai process in the bumblebee, bombus terrestris, and whether the presence of possible functional viral suppressors could alter the potency of the host's immune response. for this, a two-fold approach was used. through a functional rnai assay, we observed an enhancement of ...	2016	27999371
multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis: a molecular genotyping tool for paenibacillus larvae.	american foulbrood, caused by paenibacillus larvae, is the most severe bacterial disease of honey bees (apis mellifera). to perform genotyping of p. larvae in an epidemiological context, there is a need of a fast and cheap method with a high resolution. here, we propose multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva). mlva has been used for typing a collection of 209 p. larvae strains from which 23 different mlva types could be identified. moreover, the developed methodology not ...	2016	27365124
flagellin glycosylation in paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051t.	flagellin glycosylation impacts, in several documented cases, the functionality of bacterial flagella. the basis of flagellin glycosylation has been studied for various gram-negative bacteria, but less is known about flagellin glycans of gram-positive bacteria including paenibacillus alvei, a secondary invader of honeybee colonies diseased with european foulbrood. paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051(t) swarms vigorously on solidified culture medium, with swarming relying on functional flagella as evide ...	2016	26405108
a rare case of severe intoxication from multiple bee stings with a favorable outcome.	a 73-year old female of no allergic diathesis was attacked by bees and stung all over her body accidentally sustaining more than 518 stings for a very short time. severe acute poisoning developed from the bee venom, manifested by coma, rhabdomyolysis, toxic hepatitis, acute renal failure, gastric hemorrhage and anemia. following an active treatment the patient recovered. literature search shows this to be a rare case of survival after multiple bee stings.	2016	21053677
the importance of odor in nest site selection by a lodger bee, centris bicornuta mocsáry (hymenoptera: apidae) in the dry forest of costa rica.	the more common lodger bee occurring in the dry forest of costa rica, centris bicornuta muscáry), has been observed nesting in new nest cavities drilled into wooden blocks placed next to cavities used by another female within 2-3 days. in contrast, new nest cavities placed in similar areas with no nesting centris nearby were not used for weeks. these observations suggest that the presence of nesting bees may play a role in nest site selection. to confirm our observations, new nest cavities were ...	2016	21584397
chapter 4: stinging insect allergy and venom immunotherapy.	the hymenoptera order is divided into three families: apids, vespidae, and formicidae. apids include the honeybee, bumblebee, and sweat bee, which are all docile and tend to sting mostly on provocation. the africanized killer bee, a product of interbreeding between the domestic and african honeybee, is very aggressive and is found mostly in mexico, central america, arizona, and california. the yellow jacket, yellow hornet, white (bald)-faced hornet, and paper wasp all belong to the vespidae fami ...	2016	22794677
the insect mushroom body, an experience-dependent recoding device.	the insect mushroom body is a higher order integration center involved in cross-sensory integration and memory formation. the relatively large mushroom bodies of social hymenoptera (e.g. bees) have been related to the demands of a social system and the neural processes required to allow the animal to navigate in an ever-changing environment. here i review studies aiming to elucidate the neural processes that take place at the input and the output sites of the mushroom bodies and that underlie cr ...	2016	25092259
the relationship between insect sting allergy treatment and patient anxiety and depression.	quality of life is affected by history of bee sting allergy. in addition, worry about being stung and also the need to use self-injection of medicine can create or increase anxiety, which can further compromise a patient's ability to enjoy the outdoors and participate in activities. we sought to determine the depression and anxiety in three groups of individuals. we assessed patients with bee sting allergy without epinephrine, bee sting allergy with epinephrine, and bee sting allergy receiving i ...	2016	24801470
complete mitochondrial genome of the algerian honeybee, apis mellifera intermissa (hymenoptera: apidae).	in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of algerian honeybee, apis mellifera intermissa, is analyzed for the first time. the results show that this genome is 16,336 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, and 1 control region (d-loop). the overall base composition is a (43.2%), c (9.8%), g (5.6%), and t (41.4%), so the percentage of a and t (84.6%) is considerably higher than that of g and c. all the genes are encoded on ...	2016	25259457
a pilot study investigating lactic acid bacterial symbionts from the honeybee in inhibiting human chronic wound pathogens.	treatment and management of chronic wounds is a large burden on the health sector and causes substantial suffering for the patients. we believe that 13 lactic acid bacteria (lab) symbionts isolated from the honey crop of the honeybee are important players in the antimicrobial action of honey, by producing antimicrobial substances and can be used in combination with heather honey as an effective treatment in wound management. a total of 22 patients with chronic ulcers were included; culture-depen ...	2016	25196349
does the honey bee "risk cup" runneth over? estimating aggregate exposures for assessing pesticide risks to honey bees in agroecosystems.	honey bees (apis mellifera) are uniquely vulnerable to nontarget pesticide impacts because, as ubiquitous managed pollinators, they are deliberately transported into areas where crops are grown with pesticides. moreover, attributes making them excellent managed pollinators, including large long-lived colonies and complex behavior, also make them challenging subjects for toxicity bioassays. for over 150 years, improvements in formulation and delivery of pesticides, increasing their environmental ...	2016	25885594
prophylactic immunization of mice with phospholipase a2-loaded gas-filled microbubbles is protective against th2-mediated honeybee venom allergy.	people suffering from honeybee venom allergy can be treated by venom immunotherapy, which consists in the subcutaneous injection of increasing doses of allergen extracts over a period of 3-5 years. such a procedure is time-consuming, and the risks of severe side reactions are important. approaches based on the use of novel adjuvants to blunt pro-allergic th2-type immune responses represent a sound alternative.	2016	25900397
the importance of pollinators and autonomous self-fertilisation in the early stages of plant invasions: banksia and hakea (proteaceae) as case studies.	reproduction is a crucial stage in the naturalisation of introduced plant species. here, using breeding system experiments and observations of floral visitors, we investigate whether a lack of pollinators or an inability to autonomously self-fertilise limits naturalisation in five australian banksia species and the co-familial hakea salicifolia in south africa. banksia species were heavily utilised by native insects and nectar-feeding birds. although banksia produced fruit when pollinators were ...	2016	25865269
complete mitochondrial genome sequence of melipona scutellaris, a brazilian stingless bee.	melipona scutellaris is a brazilian stingless bee species and a highly important native pollinator besides its use in rational rearing for honey production. in this study, we present the whole mitochondrial dna sequence of m. scutellaris from a haploid male. the mitogenome has a size of 14,862 bp and harbors 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), 2 rrna genes and 21 trna genes.	2016	25703850
bees, birds and yellow flowers: pollinator-dependent convergent evolution of uv patterns.	colour is one of the most obvious advertisements of flowers, and occurs in a huge diversity among the angiosperms. flower colour is responsible for attraction from a distance, whereas contrasting colour patterns within flowers aid orientation of flower visitors after approaching the flowers. due to the striking differences in colour vision systems and neural processing across animal taxa, flower colours evoke specific behavioural responses by different flower visitors. we tested whether and how ...	2016	25703147
emerging adjuvant therapy for cancer: propolis and its constituents.	propolis is a bee-metabolized resinous substance (bee glue) from plant sap and gums. it has been in usage as a healing agent since antiquity, yet has not garnered global popularity as a health promoter. its biological effects, which range from antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, anti-allergic, laxative and immunomodulatory to anticancer, have been validated. propolis has shown efficacy against brain, head and neck, skin, breast, liver, pancreas, kidney ...	2016	25723108
mitochondrial genome of the levant region honeybee, apis mellifera syriaca (hymenoptera: apidae).	the mitochondrial genome sequence of levant region honeybee, apis mellifera syriaca, is analyzed and presented for the public for the first time. the genome of this honeybee is 15,428 bp in its length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes and 2 ribosomal rna genes. the overall base composition is a (42.88%), c (9.97%), g (5.85%), and t (41.3%), the percentage of a and t being higher than that of g and c. percentage of non-atgc characters is 0.007. all the genes are encoded o ...	2016	25633178
next generation sequencing of apis mellifera syriaca identifies genes for varroa resistance and beneficial bee keeping traits.	apis mellifera syriaca exhibits a high degree of tolerance to pests and pathogens including varroa mites. this native honey bee subspecies of jordan expresses behavioral adaptations to high temperature and dry seasons typical of the region. however, persistent honey bee imports of commercial breeder lines are endangering local honey bee population. this study reports the use of next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology to study the a. m. syriaca genome and to identify genetic factors possibly ...	2016	25615619
nephroprotective effect of bee honey and royal jelly against subchronic cisplatin toxicity in rats.	cisplatin is one of the most potent and effective chemotherapeutic agents. however, its antineoplastic use is limited due to its cumulative nephrotoxic side effects. therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the nephroprotective potential of dietary bee honey and royal jelly against subchronic cisplatin toxicity in rats. male wistar rats were randomly divided into controls, cisplatin-treated, bee honey-pretreated cisplatin-treated and royal jelly-pretreated cisplatin-treated groups. ...	2016	25720368
oxidative stress markers in patients with hymenoptera venom allergy.	oxidative stress occurs in many allergic and immunologic disorders as a result of the imbalance between the endogenous production of free reactive oxygen species (ros) and/or the reduction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. advanced glycation end products (ages), advanced oxidation protein products (aopps), and nitrosylated proteins (nps) can be used as markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. our objective was to examine the serum levels of ages, aopps, and nps in patients with allergic re ...	2016	25562550
bee venom acupuncture alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by upregulating regulatory t cells and suppressing th1 and th17 responses.	the protective and therapeutic mechanism of bee venom acupuncture (bva) in neurodegenerative disorders is not clear. we investigated whether treatment with bva (0.25 and 0.8 mg/kg) at the zusanli (st36) acupoints, located lateral from the anterior border of the tibia, has a beneficial effect in a myelin basic protein (mbp)(68-82)-induced acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) rat model. pretreatment (every 3 days from 1 h before immunization) with bva was more effective than postt ...	2016	25579380
caffeic acid phenethyl ester: a review of its antioxidant activity, protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury and drug adverse reactions.	propolis, a honey bee product, has been used in folk medicine for centuries for the treatment of abscesses, canker sores and for wound healing. caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) is one of the most extensively investigated active components of propolis which possess many biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. cape is a polyphenolic compound characterized by potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities and protectiv ...	2016	25365228
anaphylaxis/angioedema caused by honey ingestion.	honey allergy is a very rare, but serious health condition. in this study, we presented six patients who described systemic allergic reactions after ingestion of honey. three of the six patients had suffered from anaphylaxis. honey-specific ige was measured and skin-prick tests for honey were performed to diagnose honey allergy. the results of honey-specific ige of all patients were positive. four patients had high serum-specific ige for honey bee venom and two of five patients had also experien ...	2016	24433600
hybrid ant bee algorithm for fuzzy expert system based sample classification.	accuracy maximization and complexity minimization are the two main goals of a fuzzy expert system based microarray data classification. our previous genetic swarm algorithm (gsa) approach has improved the classification accuracy of the fuzzy expert system at the cost of their interpretability. the if-then rules produced by the gsa are lengthy and complex which is difficult for the physician to understand. to address this interpretability-accuracy tradeoff, the rule set is represented using integ ...	2016	26355782
the complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive africanized honey bee, apis mellifera scutellata (insecta: hymenoptera: apidae).	the complete mitochondrial genome from an africanized honey bee population (ahb, derived from apis mellifera scutellata) was assembled and analyzed. the mitogenome is 16,411 bp long and contains the same gene repertoire and gene order as the european honey bee (13 protein coding genes, 22 trna genes and 2 rrna genes). nd4 appears to use an alternate start codon and the long rrna gene is 48 bp shorter in ahb due to a deletion in a terminal at dinucleotide repeat. the dihydrouracil arm is missing ...	2016	24708125
honeybees and honey as monitors for heavy metal contamination near thermal power plants in mugla, turkey.	in the present work, 6 honeydew samples of known geographical and botanical origins and 11 honeybee samples were analyzed to detect possible contamination by the thermoelectric power plants in mugla, turkey. the contents of trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after application of microwave digestion. the samples from the thermal power plants, which were 10-22 km away from the hives, that did not cause pollution in honeydew honeys were also analyzed. the levels of cop ...	2016	24193050
eeg/erp adaptive noise canceller design with controlled search space (css) approach in cuckoo and other optimization algorithms.	this paper explores the migration of adaptive filtering with swarm intelligence/evolutionary techniques employed in the field of electroencephalogram/event-related potential noise cancellation or extraction. a new approach is proposed in the form of controlled search space to stabilize the randomness of swarm intelligence techniques especially for the eeg signal. swarm-based algorithms such as particles swarm optimization, artificial bee colony, and cuckoo optimization algorithm with their varia ...	2016	24407307
synthesis of mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines including coumarin fluorophores for fret-based kinetic studies of phospholipase a(2) enzymes.	phospholipase a2 (pla2) enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester linkage of glycerophospholipids to produce fatty acids and lysophospholipids. a significant number of mammalian phospholipases comprise a family of secreted pla2 enzymes, found in specific tissues and cellular locations, exhibiting unique enzymatic properties and distinct biological functions. development of new real-time spectrofluorimetric pla2 assays should facilitate the kinetic characterization and mechanistic elucida ...	2016	23727005
characteristics of anaphylaxis in children referred to a tertiary care center.	anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition. there are limited data about the etiology and the clinical characteristics in developing countries. this study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis patients attending our pediatric allergy clinic. we conducted a prospective analysis of patients who were admitted to our allergy clinic for anaphylaxis from 2010 to 2012. ninety-six patients were evaluated during the study period. the mean age was 7.4 ± 5.2 years. v ...	2016	23676573
chemical and functional characterisation of propolis collected from east andalusia (southern spain).	propolis is a complex mixture of natural sticky, gummy and resinous components produced by honeybees (apis mellifera l.) from plant materials. however, phytochemical data of the andalusian (southern spain) propolis are scant.	2016	23670998
interaction of bee venom toxin melittin with ganglioside gm1 bicelle.	melittin is a bee venom toxin that can act as antimicrobial peptide. gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that help maintain membrane structure and organization as well as act as anchors for lectins, toxins, pathogens and antimicrobial peptides. here we investigate interaction of melittin with fast tumbling isotropic control dmpc/chaps bicelles and ganglioside doped dmpc/chaps/gm1 bicelles. dosy result shows that larger percentage of peptide binds to gm1 containing bicelles than that of the contr ...	2016	23850803
save the bees.	there is growing evidence for the therapeutic benefits of honey, but the uk's bee population is in crisis.	2016	19146027
[exogenous and endogenous fluctuations of thermoregulatory activity in the honeybee].	thermovision and thermometric methods were used to study temperature variations in honeybee nests and in aggregations of honeybees isolated from their families. endogenous and exogenous circadian rhythms of thermoregulatory activity and their physiological mechanisms were revealed. the magnitude of changes in this activity in response to ambient temperature decreased from the beginning to the end of wintering, which was due to the existence of a genetically determined self-regulation program in ...	2016	19391483
[the effect of entomopathogenic fungi on the activity of detoxicating enzymes of larvae of bee pyralid galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera, pyralidee) and the role of detoxicating enzymes in the formation of the insect' resistance to entomopathogenic fungi].	in the work it was shown that fungal infection of insects increased the total esterase and glutathione-s-transferase activities of hemolymph. acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in infected larvae remained at the same level as in intact larvae. fungi-infected bee pyralid larvae turned out to be 1.46 times more resistant to phosphoorganic insecticide malation as compared to intact larvae. on the other hand, treating insects with the inhibitors of detoxicating enzymes caused a sharp decrease in ...	2016	17168468
pattern of sensitization to honeybee venom in beekeepers: a 5-year prospective study.	beekeepers are at increased risk for honeybee (hb) venom allergy and they represent a unique population for hymenoptera venom studies. the aim of this was to prospectively examine the pattern of hb venom sensitization over a 5-year period in new beekeepers and define possible predisposing factors. thirty-five beekeepers were tested every 6 months for 5 years with in vivo and in vitro methods to detect the possible development of sensitization to hb and common wasp (cw) venom. inclusion criteria ...	2016	17063668
efficacy, safety, and modulation of immunologic markers by immunotherapy with honeybee venom: comparison of standardized quality depot versus aqueous extract.	venom immunotherapy (it) is a very effective method for the treatment of hymenoptera venom allergy. we compared safety, efficacy, and modulation of specific immunologic parameters in 70 patients sensitized to apis mellifera, treated for > or = 5 years with standardized quality (sq) aqueous it, either with a rush (n = 20) or with a cluster (n = 20) induction protocol, or with an sq depot extract and a cluster induction protocol (n = 30). we made an open, noncontrolled study. side effects were mon ...	2016	16724636
a phase i study of the safety of honeybee venom extract as a possible treatment for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.	although several reports suggest that bee venom may be an effective treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis (ms), patients may be subjected to real risks of serious allergic reactions as well as emotional and economic costs. this study was conducted to evaluate the safety of bee venom extract as a possible treatment for patients with progressive forms of ms. a total of nine bee venom nonallergic patients with progressive forms of ms, who were 21-55 years of age with no other illnesses, we ...	2016	16541972
differential susceptibility of c2c12 myoblasts and myotubes to group ii phospholipase a2 myotoxins from crotalid snake venoms.	group ii phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) myotoxins isolated from viperidae/crotalidae snake venoms induce a rapid cytolytic effect upon diverse cell types in vitro. previous studies suggested that this effect could be more pronounced on skeletal muscle myotubes than on other cell types, including undifferentiated myoblasts. this study utilized the murine skeletal muscle c2c12 cell line to investigate whether differentiated myotubes are more susceptible than myoblasts, and if this characteristic is s ...	2016	15657942
partial acute thrombosis of internal carotid artery: a case report.	the effectiveness of the urgent carotid tea in patients with not stabilizes serious neurological symptoms, remains controversial.	2016	16035677
[computer tomography in the diagnosis and therapy of acetabular fractures].	acetabular fractures and fracture dislocations of the hip joint are frequently complex, and the precise pathological anatomy is not easily demonstrated by routine radiographs. conventional radiographs are often supplemented by oblique views [1]. the most commonly used classification of acetabular fractures has been based on conventional radiographs which are, in majority of cases, sufficient to determine the type of acetabular injuries [1-3]. it has been shown that computed tomography is useful ...	2016	11797449
how spike synchronization among olfactory neurons can contribute to sensory discrimination.	recent studies in honeybees have demonstrated that, when odor-evoked action potentials in antennal lobe neurons are pharmacologically desynchronized, the bees are impaired in their ability to discriminate chemically similar odor stimuli. using a reduced computational model of the honeybee antennal lobe, we show how changes in spike-synchronization properties alone, independent of changes in overall spike-discharge rate or differences in activity levels among responsive neurons, can produce chang ...	2016	11361258
configural olfactory learning in honeybees: negative and positive patterning discrimination.	in an appetitive context, honeybees (apis mellifera) learn to associate odors with a reward of sucrose solution. if an odor is presented immediately before the sucrose, an elemental association is formed that enables the odor to release the proboscis extension response (per). olfactory conditioning of per was used to study whether, beyond elemental associations, honeybees are able to process configural associations. bees were trained in a positive and anegative patterning discrimination problem. ...	2016	11274252
rapd markers of three breeds of honeybee apis mellifera.		2016	10944732
microsphere entrapped bee-venom phospholipase a2 retains specific ige binding capacity: a possible use for oral specific immunotherapy.	the only specific treatments of allergy are long and exacting desensitization by subcutaneous injections of the allergens. while oral administration of allergens could greatly facilitate these treatments, effective delivery systems are needed to prevent allergen degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and to enable their uptake by peyer's patches. the potential for bee-venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) to be used in such oral immunotherapy was tested. for this purpose, pla2 potential alterations w ...	2016	12569024
[isolation and characteristics of a lectin-like protein from bee venom].	lectin-like properties of bee venom proteins were studied. phospholipase a2 was demonstrated to harbor lectin activity. specific hemagglutinating activity of the isolated phospholipase exceeded 320 times the activity of the initial bee venom.	2016	9380652
[effect of bee venom and its components on electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes].	the change of electrophoretic mobility (epm) of erythrocytes of donor blood caused by their incubations with the bee venom and its major components--melittin and phospholipase a2 was investigated. it was estimated that the bee venom reversibly decreased epm of erythrocytes to the higher degree than its separate components. the reaction was completely abolished after preliminary processing of erythrocytes with neuroaminidase and partly after their processing with glutaraldehyde, but the effect of ...	2016	9848158
[the characteristics of the clinical picture of lymphosarcoma and of a metastatic tumor of the orbit of another origin].	clinical symptoms in patients with primary orbital lymphosarcoma, generalized lymphosarcoma involving the orbital tissues, and metastatic tumors of the orbit of another origin are analyzed. the orbital process has bee studied in 158 patients. the most frequent symptoms were ptosis and exophthalmos. decreased visual acuity, pain, sensation of swelling in the orbit caused by rapid tumor growth were characteristic of metastases to the tumor and orbital lymphosarcoma in total system's involvement. i ...	2016	10582015
[purification of phospholipase a2 from bee venom on silochrome cx- 3b].	a new and simple procedure is proposed for the purification of phospholipase a2 from bee venom, which includes three stages of chromatography on silochrom cx-3b. we offer original method of desalting and concentration of the enzyme used chromatography on silochrom cx-3b. the activity of enzyme is approx. 1200 u/mg lyophilizate (approx. 1400 u/mg protein).	2016	9929892
validation of a method for determination of phospholipase a2 and melittin in bee venom preparations by capillary electrophoresis.	a method was validated for the determination of the 2 main components of bee venom, phospholipase a2 and melittin, by capillary electrophesis (ce). optimum resolution and selectivity were attained with a running electrolyte of 150 mm phosphoric acid, ph 1.8. the repeatability and day-to-day reproducibility of the migration times were better than 0.36 and 2.8%, respectively. the repeatability and day-to-day reproducibility of the normalized peak areas were better than 1.3 and 2.6%, respectively. ...	2016	10868575
anaphylactic reaction after ingestion of bee pollen.	bee pollen allergy, although relatively rare, can present a life-threatening medical emergency. conventional treatment of anaphylaxis is indicated, and further allergic workup is not necessary. there is little awareness of this hazard among the general population. warnings to include product labeling of potential adverse reactions in sensitive individuals are urgently needed to protect the public from this hazard.	2016	8059632
[the role of apitherapy in the combined treatment of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases].	the authors suggest that apitherapy should be used in the treatment of patients with chronic non-specific pulmonary diseases (chnpd) in order that it might be more effective. apitherapeutic complex (bee venom and bee keeping apiculture produce) has been applied to the treatment of 104 chnpd patients. high effectiveness of apitherapy in a combined treatment of chnpd patients was demonstrated as was their stimulating and normalizing influence on the function of the adrenals.	2016	8819953
integrative properties of the pe1 neuron, a unique mushroom body output neuron.	a mushroom body extrinsic neuron, the pe1 neuron, connects the peduncle of the mushroom body (mb) with two areas of the protocerebrum in the honeybee brain, the lateral protocerebral lobe (lpl) and the ring neuropil around the alpha-lobe. each side of the bee brain contains only one pe1 neuron. using a combination of intracellular recording and neuroanatomical techniques we analyzed its properties of integrative processing of the different sensory modalities. the pe1 neuron responds to visual, m ...	2017	10454378
experience-expectant plasticity in the mushroom bodies of the honeybee.	worker honeybees (apis mellifera) were reared in social isolation in complete darkness to assess the effects of experience on growth of the neuropil of the mushroom bodies (mbs) during adult life. comparison of the volume of the mbs of 1-day-old and 7-day-old bees showed that a significant increase in volume in the mb neuropil occurred during the first week of life in bees reared under these highly deprived conditions. all regions of the mb neuropil experienced a significant increase in volume w ...	2017	10454376
use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to predict energy expenditure of hospitalized patients receiving nutrition support.	the energy requirement of a patient receiving nutrition support is typically estimated by calculating the basal energy expenditure (bee) using the harris-benedict equations and multiplying by stress and activity factors. because fat-free mass (ffm) and fat mass (fm) are important determinants of bee, we hypothesized that body composition estimates derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (bia) could be used to develop predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (ree) that were more ...	2017	12549597
skin and soft tissue necrosis following hymenoptera sting.	all kinds of bees, wasps, and hornets are members of the hymenoptera order. local hypersensitivity reactions after bee stings are very common and well studied. however, tissue necroses following untreated bee stings are extremely rare and they are not well documented.	2017	12447620
side-specificity of olfactory learning in the honeybee: us input side.	in honeybees, apis mellifera l., the proboscis extension reflex (per) can be conditioned by associating an odor stimulus (cs) with a sucrose reward (us). as the neural structures involved in the detection and integration of cs and us are bilaterally symmetrical in the bee brain, we ask what respective role each brain side plays in the conditioning process. more specifically, the us normally used in conditioning experiments is the compound stimulation of the antennae (which triggers the per) and ...	2017	12359841
successive olfactory reversal learning in honeybees.	honeybees apis mellifera can associate an originally neutral odor with a reinforcement of sucrose solution. forward pairings of odor and reinforcement enable the odor to release the proboscis extension reflex in consecutive tests. bees can also be conditioned differentially: they learn to respond to a reinforced odor and not to a nonreinforced one. they can also learn to reverse their choice. here we ask whether honeybees can learn successive olfactory differential conditioning tasks involving d ...	2017	12075000
massed and spaced learning in honeybees: the role of cs, us, the intertrial interval, and the test interval.	conditioning the proboscis extension reflex of harnessed honeybees (apis mellifera) is used to study the effect temporal spacing between successive conditioning trials has on memory. retention is monitored at two long-term intervals corresponding to early (1 and 2 d after conditioning) and late long-term memory (3 and 4 d). the acquisition level is varied by using different conditioned stimuli (odors, mechanical stimulation, and temperature increase at the antenna), varying strengths of the unco ...	2017	11533223
side-specificity of olfactory learning in the honeybee: generalization between odors and sides.	honeybees (apis mellifera) can be trained to associate an odor stimulus with a sucrose reward. the neural structures involved in the detection and integration of olfactory stimuli are represented bilaterally in the brain. little is known about the respective roles of the two sides of the brain in olfactory learning. does each side learn independently of the other, or do they communicate, and if so, to what extent and at what level of neural integration? we addressed these questions using the pro ...	2017	11584076
a test of transitive inferences in free-flying honeybees: unsuccessful performance due to memory constraints.	we asked whether honeybees, apis mellifera, could solve a transitive inference problem. individual free-flying bees were conditioned with four overlapping premise pairs of five visual patterns in a multiple discrimination task (a+ vs. b-, b+ vs. c-, c+ vs. d-, d+ vs. e-, where + and - indicate sucrose reward or absence of it, respectively). they were then tested with the nonadjacent pairs a vs. e and b vs. d. preference of b to d is consistent with the use of the implicit hierarchy a > b > c > d ...	2017	15169863
olfactory blocking and odorant similarity in the honeybee.	blocking occurs when previous training with a stimulus a reduces (blocks) subsequent learning about a stimulus b, when a and b are trained in compound. the question of whether blocking exists in olfactory conditioning of proboscis extension reflex (per) in honeybees is under debate. the last published accounts on blocking in honeybees state that blocking occurs when odors a and b are similar (the "similarity hypothesis"). we have tested this hypothesis using four odors (1-octanol, 1-nonanol, eug ...	2017	15805307
acute ethanol ingestion produces dose-dependent effects on motor behavior in the honey bee (apis mellifera).	ethanol consumption produces characteristic behavioral states in animals that include sedation, disorientation, and disruption of motor function. using individual honey bees, we assessed the effects of ethanol ingestion on motor function via continuous observations of their behavior. consumption of 1 m sucrose solutions containing a range of ethanol doses led to hemolymph ethanol levels of approximately 40-100 mm. using ethanol doses in this range, we observed time and dose-dependent effects of ...	2017	17070538
honey bee (apis mellifera) workers live longer in small than in large colonies.	social insect colonies are highly integrated units that can be regarded in some respects as super-organisms, with colony size and individuals analogous to body size and cells in unitary organisms. in both, unitary organisms and super-organisms, the relation between body/colony size and lifespan of the constituent units (cells/individuals) is important for understanding systemic aging but remains to be explored. therefore, this study compared the life-history and longevity of individual honey bee ...	2017	19389467
the nurse's load: early-life exposure to brood-rearing affects behavior and lifespan in honey bees (apis mellifera).	long-lived honey bees (apis mellifera) develop in fall. this pattern may be explained by reduced nurse loads. when the amount of brood in colonies declines as a function of adverse foraging conditions, adult bees build up surplus nutrient stores that include vitellogenin, a behavioral affector protein that also can increase lifespan. although the seasonal reduction in exposure to nursing tasks predictably results in vitellogenin accumulation, the assumption that long-lived adults thereby develop ...	2017	19264121
guideline on allergen-specific immunotherapy in ige-mediated allergic diseases: s2k guideline of the german society for allergology and clinical immunology (dgaki), the society for pediatric allergy and environmental medicine (gpa), the medical association of german allergologists (aeda), the austrian society for allergy and immunology (ögai), the swiss society for allergy and immunology (sgai), the german society of dermatology (ddg), the german society of oto- rhino-laryngology, head and neck surgery (dghno-khc), the german society of pediatrics and adolescent medicine (dgkj), the society for pediatric pneumology (gpp), the german respiratory society (dgp), the german association of ent surgeons (bv-hno), the professional federation of paediatricians and youth doctors (bvkj), the federal association of pulmonologists (bdp) and the german dermatologists association (bvdd).	the present guideline (s2k) on allergen-specific immunotherapy (ait) was established by the german, austrian and swiss professional associations for allergy in consensus with the scientific specialist societies and professional associations in the fields of otolaryngology, dermatology and venereology, pediatric and adolescent medicine, pneumology as well as a german patient organization (german allergy and asthma association; deutscher allergie- und asthmabund, daab) according to the criteria of ...	2017	26120539
treatment with a combination of omalizumab and specific immunotherapy for severe anaphylaxis after a wasp sting.	hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis after bee or wasp sting is a common problem that affects about 1.2 percent to 3.5 percent of the general population. venom-specific immunotherapy (vit) is an established mode of treatment for immunoglobulin (ig) e-mediated hymenoptera venom allergy. however, vit may often be associated with immediate anaphylaxis which can lead to treatment withdrawal. several cases published in recent years suggest that omalizumab, used as add-on therapy may be able to prevent anaph ...	2017	24674685
spiking with recombinant allergens to improve allergen extracts: benefits and limitations for the use in routine diagnostics: part 19 of the series molecular allergology.	essentially, allergen components offer three possibilities to improve in vitro ige diagnostics: allergen components can be used individually for ige determination.allergen components can be combined as a mix in one test.individual allergen components can be specifically added to the extract. option (a) is currently being used most extensively in practice, while (b) represents more of a theoretical possibility. the specific addition ("spiking") of allergen components to an allergy extract (c) has ...	2017	27069840
a fatal case caused by massive honey bee stings.	bee venom is a complex substance which acts in different ways; local or systemic anaphylaxis associated with ige and direct toxic effects of the large volume of injected venom. we report a 10- year-old boy who was the vulnerable of 5989 honey bee attacks. to the best of our knowledge, this case had the ultimate number of honey bee stings in the literature, until now. he was admitted to pediatric intensive care unit after 3 hours of incident. plasmapheresis was started to remove circulating venom ...	2017	27735801
genetic architecture of a hormonal response to gene knockdown in honey bees.	variation in endocrine signaling is proposed to underlie the evolution and regulation of social life histories, but the genetic architecture of endocrine signaling is still poorly understood. an excellent example of a hormonally influenced set of social traits is found in the honey bee (apis mellifera): a dynamic and mutually suppressive relationship between juvenile hormone (jh) and the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin (vg) regulates behavioral maturation and foraging of workers. several oth ...	2017	25596612