Publications

detection of dengue virus in individual aedes aegypti mosquitoes in delhi, india.	delhi, the capital city of india, has so far witnessed several outbreaks of dengue fever since 1967 (last one reported in 2013). improved virological and entomological surveillance are the only tools that can help in prevention of dengue as well as in the development of dengue control programmes. the aim of the study was to conduct a prospective field study to detect dengue virus in adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from various localities represented by different socioeconomic groups in ...	2015	26119544
[vertical transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti, peru].		2015	26102125
[dengue in peru: a quarter century after its reemergence].	a health problem each time more frequent and dispersed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, including peru where it entered in 1990, is dengue. it is produced by the dengue virus with four serotypes and transmitted by aedes aegypti, a vector that coexists with humans and whose presence is favored by deficient sanitary, social and economic conditions. manifestations of severe forms of the disease such as shock and bleeding, are related to the frequent co-circulation of the four serotyp ...	2015	26102118
green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (den-2) and its primary vector aedes aegypti.	dengue is an arthropod-borne viral infection mainly vectored through the bite of aedes mosquitoes. recently, its transmission has strongly increased in urban and semi-urban areas of tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, becoming a major international public health concern. there is no specific treatment for dengue. its prevention and control solely depends on effective vector control measures. in this study, we proposed the green-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnp) as a novel and eff ...	2015	26063530
development and validation of an arthropod maceration protocol for zoonotic pathogen detection in mosquitoes and fleas.	arthropod-borne diseases remain a pressing international public health concern. while progress has been made in the rapid detection of arthropod-borne pathogens via quantitative real-time (qpcr), or even hand-held detection devices, a simple and robust maceration and nucleic acid extraction method is necessary to implement biosurveillance capabilities. in this study, a comparison of maceration techniques using five types of beads followed by nucleic acid extraction and detection were tested usin ...	2015	26047188
dengue virus detection in aedes aegypti larvae from southeastern brazil.	the transmission of dengue, the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in brazil, has been intensified over the past decades, along with the accompanying expansion and adaptation of its aedes vectors. in the present study, we mapped dengue vectors in ouro preto and ouro branco, minas gerais, by installing ovitraps in 32 public schools. the traps were examined monthly between september, 2011 through july, 2012 and november, 2012 to april, 2013. the larvae were reared until the fourth stadiu ...	2015	26047186
sero-prevalence of dengue infections in the kassala state in the eastern part of the sudan in 2011.	dengue fever is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted to humans by infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes. the eastern part of the sudan is one of the regions that is affected by dengue virus circulation. in this study, we estimated the prevalence of dengue infections in the kassala state in the eastern part of the sudan. the study objective was to estimate the sero-prevalence of dengue igg/igm antibodies in the kassala locality in 2011. this was a cross sectional community-based study that util ...	2015	25975993
natural transovarial transmission of dengue virus 4 in aedes aegypti from cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil.	dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease in tropical areas. in mato grosso, outbreaks are reported every year, but studies on dengue in this state are scarce.	2015	25860459
susceptibility of indigenous and transplanted mosquito spp. to dengue virus in japan.	dengue fever, an acute, mosquito-borne, febrile illness caused by flavivirus spp., is a problem in africa, south and southeast asia, latin america, and the caribbean. a dengue outbreak occurred after nearly 70 years of absence or no detection, and then 158 autochthonous cases occurred in japan from august to october 15, 2014. the most competent mosquito vectors for dengue virus transmission were aedes aegypti and a. albopictus. since a. albopictus is widely distributed across japan and a. aegypt ...	2015	25766611
extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using bacillus megaterium against malarial and dengue vector (diptera: culicidae).	biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has provoked nowadays and alternative to physical and chemical approaches. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) were synthesized extracellular method using bacillus megaterium. the agnps formations were confirmed initially through color change, and the aliquots were characterized through uv-visible spectrophotometer, followed by scanning electron microscopy (sem), energy-dispersive x-ray (edx) spectroscopy, and fourier transform infrared (ftir) ...	2015	26231835
s argassum muticum-synthesized silver nanoparticles: an effective control tool against mosquito vectors and bacterial pathogens.	mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. furthermore, pathogens and parasites polluting water also constitute a severe plague for populations of developing countries. in this research, silver nanoparticles (agnp) were synthesized using the aqueous extract of the seaweed sargassum muticum. the production of agnp was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance band illustrated in uv-vis spectrophotometry. agnp were characterized by ftir, sem, edx, and xrd anal ...	2015	26281786
insecticidal potency of aspergillus terreus against larvae and pupae of three mosquito species anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti.	microbial control agents offer alternatives to chemical pest control, as they can be more selective than chemical insecticides. the present study evaluates the mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal potential of fungus mycelia using ethyl acetate and methanol solvent extracts produced by aspergillus terreus against anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti. the a. terreus mycelia were extracted after 15 days from sabouraud dextrose broth medium. the ethyl acetate extracts showed ...	2015	26139412
genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research.	parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ...	2015	25563615
[effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) on detoxification enzyme activity of larvae of culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti].	to investigate the effect of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) on the activities of three detoxification enzymes of culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti larvae.	2015	26767261
bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis producing endochitinase chia74δsp inclusions and its improved activity against aedes aegypti.	the objective of this study was to produce stable inclusions of chitinase chia74δsp in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) and to assay its insecticidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae.	2015	26434743
evaluating liquid and granular bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis broadcast applications for controlling vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses in artificial containers and tree holes.	the principal vectors of chikungunya and dengue viruses typically oviposit in water-filled artificial and natural containers, including tree holes. despite the risk these and similar tree hole-inhabiting mosquitoes present to global public health, surprisingly few studies have been conducted to determine an efficient method of applying larvicides specifically to tree holes. the stihl sr 450, a backpack sprayer commonly utilized during military and civilian vector control operations, may be suita ...	2015	26335473
susceptibility profile of aedes aegypti from santiago island, cabo verde, to insecticides.	in 2009, cabo verde diagnosed the first dengue cases, with 21,137 cases reported and aedes aegypti was identified as the vector. since the outbreak, chemical insecticides and source reduction were used to control the mosquito population. this study aimed to assess the susceptibility of a. aegypti populations from santiago, cabo verde to insecticides and identify the mechanisms of resistance. samples of a. aegypti eggs were obtained at two different time periods (2012 and 2014), using ovitraps in ...	2015	26307496
the genetic architecture of a complex trait: resistance to multiple toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in the dengue and yellow fever vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti.	the bacterial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is an increasingly popular alternative to chemical insecticides for controlling mosquito populations. because bti toxicity relies on the action of four main toxins, resistance to bti is very likely a complex phenotype involving several genes simultaneously. dissecting the underlying genetic basis thus requires associating a quantitative measure of resistance to genetic variation at many loci in a segregating population. he ...	2015	26238211
cry4ba and cyt1aa proteins from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis: interactions and toxicity mechanism against aedes aegypti.	individual crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis exhibit variable levels of insecticidal activities against mosquito larvae. in all cases, they are much less active compared to the whole crystal proteins due to described complex synergistic interactions among them. in the present study we investigated the effects of cyt1a98 (a cyt1aa type protein) on cry4blb (a cry4ba type toxin) insecticidal activity toward the dengue vector aedes aegypti. the bioassay analyses demonstrated t ...	2015	26238170
evidence of two mechanisms involved in bacillus thuringiensis israelensis decreased toxicity against mosquito larvae: genome dynamic and toxins stability.	biopesticides based on bacillus thuringiensis israelensis are the most used and most successful around the world. this bacterium is characterized by a dynamic genome able to win or lose genetic materials which leads to a decrease in its effectiveness. the detection of such phenomena is of great importance to monitor the stability of b. thuringiensis strains in industrial production processes of biopesticides. new local b. thuringiensis israelensis isolates were investigated. they present variabl ...	2015	26070692
effects of the p20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on insecticidal crystal protein cry4ba.	the accessory protein p20 from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis has been defined as an important molecular chaperone for forming crystal cyt1aa, and enhancing cry11aa and cry4aa expression. to investigate its putative role in cry4ba delta-endotoxin production and toxicity, a p20 gene was cloned and introduced into b. thuringiensis recombinant strain expressing cry4ba type gene (cry4blb). the delta-endotoxin synthesis was enhanced by 262%. the generated inclusions were assayed against third ins ...	2015	25931398
two specific membrane-bound aminopeptidase n isoforms from aedes aegypti larvae serve as functional receptors for the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin implicating counterpart specificity.	the interaction between bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins and their receptors on midgut cells of susceptible insect larvae is the critical determinant in toxin specificity. besides gpi-linked alkaline phosphatase in aedes aegypti mosquito-larval midguts, membrane-bound aminopeptidase n (aaeapn) is widely thought to serve as a cry4ba receptor. here, two full-length aaeapn isoforms, aaeapn2778 and aaeapn2783, predicted to be gpi-linked were cloned and successfully expressed in spodoptera frugiperd ...	2015	25871797
maintenance of residual activity of bt toxin by using natural and synthetic dyes: a novel approach for sustainable mosquito vector control.	mosquito control protein from bacillus thuringiensis gets inactivated with exposure to sunlight. to address this issue, the potential of synthetic and natural dye was investigated as sunlight protectants. bt sv2 in absence of dyes when exposed to sunlight showed reduced effectiveness against the fourth instars of mosquito larvae. whereas acriflavin, congo red and violacein were able to maintain 86.4%, 91.6% and 82.2% mosquito larvicidal efficacy of bt sv2 against ivth instars larvae of anopheles ...	2015	25699646
functional assembly of 260-kda oligomers required for mosquito-larvicidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin.	oligomerization has been shown to contribute to the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. mutations have been made in the cry4ba toxin and resulted in toxic to non-toxic mutants toward aedes aegypti larvae. in this study, cry4ba wild type and mutants were analyzed for oligomer formation in vitro, biochemical properties and their relationships with larvicidal activity. in vitro, the cry4ba forms two-main types of the oligomers including (1) the 260-kda and larger oligomers, which assembl ...	2015	25687547
characterisation of novel bacillus thuringiensis isolates against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephridae).	bacillus thuringiensis is successfully used in pest management strategies as an eco-friendly bioinsecticide. isolation and identification of new strains with a wide variety of target pests is an ever growing field. in this paper, new b. thuringiensis isolates were investigated to search for original strains active against diptera and able to produce novel toxins that could be used as an alternative for the commercial h14 strain. biochemical and molecular characterization revealed a remarkable di ...	2015	25433312
[vital study of the fatty body of larvae of aedes aegypti l. infected with densonucleosis virus].		2015	67557
[ecology of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in the americas and disease transmission].	the recent range expansion of the mosquito aedes albopictus has been associated in some areas by declines in abundance or local elimination of aedes aegypti, but the two species still coexist in large regions of the americas. we offer a summary of the possible mechanisms responsible for the abundance and displacement pattern observed and of their significance in terms of disease transmission. among these mechanisms we may mention the competition for limiting resources, the differences in the abi ...	2015	26535539
[identification of microrna-like viral small rnas from aaedv].	several virus families have been shown to encode micrornas (mirnas), which have roles in the infection and replication of viruses in host cells. these virus-encoded mirnas are identified in double-stranded dna virus (dsdna virus) and in several rna virus families, but not in single-stranded dna virus (ssdna virus). we used a bioinformatics approach based on vmir, mirnafold and maturepred software to predict virus-encoded mirna-like small rnas from the genome of a ssdna virus: aedes aegypti denso ...	2015	26738292
a genome-wide analysis of antimicrobial effector genes and their transcription patterns in manduca sexta.	antimicrobial proteins/peptides (amps) are effectors of innate immune systems against pathogen infection in multicellular organisms. over half of the amps reported so far come from insects, and these effectors act in concert to suppress or kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. in this work, we have identified 86 amp genes in the manduca sexta genome, most of which seem likely to be functional. they encode 15 cecropins, 6 moricins, 6 defensins, 3 gallerimycins, 4 x-tox splicing variants, ...	2015	25662101
annotation and expression analysis of cuticular proteins from the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta.	the insect cuticle is a unique material that covers the exterior of the animal as well as lining the foregut, hindgut, and tracheae. it offers protection from predators and desiccation, defines body shape, and serves as an attachment site for internal organs and muscle. it has demonstrated remarkable variations in hardness, flexibility and elasticity, all the while being light weight, which allows for ease of movement and flight. it is composed primarily of chitin, proteins, catecholamines, and ...	2015	25576653
tsetse gmmsrpn10 has anti-complement activity and is important for successful establishment of trypanosome infections in the fly midgut.	the complement cascade in mammalian blood can damage the alimentary tract of haematophagous arthropods. as such, these animals have evolved their own repertoire of complement-inactivating factors, which are inadvertently exploited by blood-borne pathogens to escape complement lysis. unlike the bloodstream stages, the procyclic (insect) stage of trypanosoma brucei is highly susceptible to complement killing, which is puzzling considering that a tsetse takes a bloodmeal every 2-4 days. in this stu ...	2015	25569180
pyrethroid-resistance and presence of two knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, f1534c and a novel mutation t1520i, in indian aedes aegypti.	control of aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever, is a challenging task. pyrethroid insecticides have emerged as a preferred choice for vector control but are threatened by the emergence of resistance. the present study reports a focus of pyrethroid resistance and presence of two kdr mutations--f1534c and a novel mutation t1520i, in ae. aegypti from delhi, india.	2015	25569164
origins of context-dependent gene repression by capicua.	receptor tyrosine kinase (rtk) signaling pathways induce multiple biological responses, often by regulating the expression of downstream genes. the hmg-box protein capicua (cic) is a transcriptional repressor that is downregulated in response to rtk signaling, thereby enabling rtk-dependent induction of cic targets. in both drosophila and mammals, cic is expressed as two isoforms, long (cic-l) and short (cic-s), whose functional significance and mechanism of action are not well understood. here ...	2015	25569482
engineered mosquitoes to fight mosquito borne diseases: not a merely technical issue.	malaria, dengue and other mosquito-borne diseases pose dramatic problems of public health, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical countries. historically, vector control has been one of the most successfully strategies to eradicate some mosquito-borne diseases, as witnessed by malaria eradication in mediterranean regions such as italy and greece. vector control through insecticides has been used worldwide; unfortunately, it is losing effectiveness due to spread of resistances. control of mosq ...	2015	25495663
the abcs of eye color in tribolium castaneum: orthologs of the drosophila white, scarlet, and brown genes.	in drosophila melanogaster, each of the three paralogous abc transporters, white, scarlet and brown, is required for normal pigmentation of the compound eye. we have cloned the three orthologous genes from the beetle tribolium castaneum. conceptual translations of tribolium white (tcw), scarlet (tcst), and brown (tcbw) are 51, 48, and 32% identical to their respective drosophila counterparts. we have identified loss-of-eye-pigment strains that bear mutations in tcw and tcst: the tcw gene in the ...	2015	25555987
a novel mechanism of latency in matrix metalloproteinases.	the matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are a family of secreted soluble or membrane-anchored multimodular peptidases regularly found in several paralogous copies in animals and plants, where they have multiple functions. the minimal consensus domain architecture comprises a signal peptide, a 60-90-residue globular prodomain with a conserved sequence motif including a cysteine engaged in "cysteine-switch" or "velcro" mediated latency, and a catalytic domain. karilysin, from the human periodontopath ...	2015	25555916
uncovering the novel characteristics of asian honey bee, apis cerana, by whole genome sequencing.	the honey bee is an important model system for increasing understanding of molecular and neural mechanisms underlying social behaviors relevant to the agricultural industry and basic science. the western honey bee, apis mellifera, has served as a model species, and its genome sequence has been published. in contrast, the genome of the asian honey bee, apis cerana, has not yet been sequenced. a. cerana has been raised in asian countries for thousands of years and has brought considerable economic ...	2015	25553907
the molecular and immunochemical expression of innexins in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti: insights into putative life stage- and tissue-specific functions of gap junctions.	gap junctions (gj) mediate direct intercellular communication by forming channels through which certain small molecules and/or ions can pass. connexins, the proteins that form vertebrate gj, are well studied and known to contribute to neuronal, muscular and epithelial physiology. innexins, the gj proteins of insects, have only recently received much investigative attention and many of their physiological roles remain to be determined. here we characterize the molecular expression of six innexin ...	2015	25585357
choroidal neovascularization induced by immunogenic alteration of the retinal pigment epithelium in dengue fever.	to report the first case of choroidal neovascularization (cnv) secondary to dengue fever.	2015	25759665
investigation of mosquito oviposition pheromone as lethal lure for the control of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae).	the trend in chemical insecticide development has focused on improving the efficacy against mosquitoes while reducing the environmental impact. lethal lures apply an "attract-and-kill" strategy that draws the insect to the killing agent rather than bringing the killing agent to the insect.	2015	25588346
daily forecast of dengue fever incidents for urban villages in a city.	instead of traditional statistical models for large spatial areas and weekly or monthly temporal units, what public health workers urgently need is a timely risk prediction method for small areas. this risk prediction would provide information for early warning, target surveillance and intervention.	2015	25636965
identification of plant compounds that disrupt the insect juvenile hormone receptor complex.	insects impact human health through vector-borne diseases and cause major economic losses by damaging crops and stored agricultural products. insect-specific growth regulators represent attractive control agents because of their safety to the environment and humans. we identified plant compounds that serve as juvenile hormone antagonists (pjhans). using the yeast two-hybrid system transformed with the mosquito jh receptor as a reporter system, we demonstrate that pjhans affect the jh receptor, m ...	2015	25624480
horizontal transmission of an r4 clade non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon between the divergent aedes and anopheles mosquito genera.	aaegr4_1 and agamr4_1 are the sole r4 clade non-long terminal repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposons in aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae, two species that diverged approximately 145-200 million years ago. twelve full-length copies were found in ae. aegypti and have less than 1% nucleotide (nt) divergence, suggesting recent activity on an evolutionary time scale. five of these copies have intact open reading frames and the 3.6 kb open reading frame of aaegr4_1.1 has 78% nt identity to agamr4_1.1. n ...	2015	25615532
standard operating procedures for standardized mass rearing of the dengue and chikungunya vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) - i - egg quantification.	quantification of eggs prior to rearing the immature stages of mosquitoes is an essential step in establishing a standardized mass rearing system. to develop a simple and accurate method of egg quantification for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the relationship between egg number and weight, as well as egg number and volume, were studied.	2015	25614052
microrna-8 targets the wingless signaling pathway in the female mosquito fat body to regulate reproductive processes.	female mosquitoes require a blood meal for reproduction, and this blood meal provides the underlying mechanism for the spread of many important vector-borne diseases in humans. a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms linked to mosquito blood meal processes and reproductive events is of particular importance for devising innovative vector control strategies. we found that the conserved microrna mir-8 is an essential regulator of mosquito reproductive events. two strategies to inhibit m ...	2015	25605933
insecticide-mediated up-regulation of cytochrome p450 genes in the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum).	some cytochrome p450 (cyp) genes are known for their rapid up-regulation in response to insecticide exposures in insects. to date, however, limited information is available with respect to the relationships among the insecticide type, insecticide concentration, exposure duration and the up-regulated cyp genes. in this study, we examined the transcriptional response of eight selected cyp genes, including cyp4g7, cyp4q4, cyp4br3, cyp12h1, cyp6bk11, cyp9d4, cyp9z5 and cyp345a1, to each of four inse ...	2015	25607733
dengue fever in china: an emerging problem demands attention.		2015	26038760
trade-off between thermal tolerance and insecticide resistance in plutella xylostella.	fitness costs associated with resistance to insecticides have been well documented, usually at normal temperature conditions, in many insect species. in this study, using chlorpyrifos-resistant homozygote (rr) and chlorpyrifos-susceptible homozygote (ss) of resistance ace1 allele of plutella xylostella (dbm), we confirmed firstly that high temperature experience in pupal stage influenced phenotype of wing venation in insecticide-resistant and insecticide-susceptible plutella xylostella, and ss d ...	2015	25691976
is there a risk of chikungunya transmission in canada?	an outbreak of chikungunya virus infection is currently underway in the caribbean, central america and south america, and autochthonous (local or indigenous) transmission has occurred in the southeastern united states. the mosquito species known to transmit chikungunya-aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus-are not known to reside in canada at this time. but how comfortable can we be that this situation will continue? here we explore four key conditions that must be met for transmission of chikungun ...	2015	29769915
annotation of the asian citrus psyllid genome reveals a reduced innate immune system.	citrus production worldwide is currently facing significant losses due to citrus greening disease, also known as huanglongbing. the citrus greening bacteria, candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas), is a persistent propagative pathogen transmitted by the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: liviidae). hemipterans characterized to date lack a number of insect immune genes, including those associated with the imd pathway targeting gram-negative bacteria. the d. citri draft ...	2016	27965582
disruption of phenylalanine hydroxylase reduces adult lifespan and fecundity, and impairs embryonic development in parthenogenetic pea aphids.	phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah) is a key tyrosine-biosynthetic enzyme involved in neurological and melanin-associated physiological processes. despite extensive investigations in holometabolous insects, a pah contribution to insect embryonic development has never been demonstrated. here, we have characterized, for the first time, the pah gene in a hemimetabolous insect, the aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. phylogenetic and sequence analyses confirmed that appah is closely related to metazoan pah, exhi ...	2016	27694983
convergent evolution of trna gene targeting preferences in compact genomes.	in gene-dense genomes, mobile elements are confronted with highly selective pressure to amplify without causing excessive damage to the host. the targeting of trna genes as potentially safe integration sites has been developed by retrotransposons in various organisms such as the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum and the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. in d. discoideum, trna gene-targeting retrotransposons have expanded to approximately 3 % of the genome. recently obtained genome sequences o ...	2016	27583033
small rna regulators of plant-hemipteran interactions: micromanagers with versatile roles.	non-coding small rnas (srnas) in plants have important roles in regulating biological processes, including development, reproduction, and stress responses. recent research indicates significant roles for srna-mediated gene silencing during plant-hemipteran interactions that involve all three of these biological processes. plant responses to hemipteran feeding are determined by changes in the host transcriptome that appear to be fine-tuned by srnas. the role of srna in plant defense responses is ...	2016	27625654
novel insights into insect-microbe interactions-role of epigenomics and small rnas.	it has become increasingly clear that microbes form close associations with the vast majority of animal species, especially insects. in fact, an array of diverse microbes is known to form shared metabolic pathways with their insect hosts. a growing area of research in insect-microbe interactions, notably for hemipteran insects and their mutualistic symbionts, is to elucidate the regulation of this inter-domain metabolism. this review examines two new emerging mechanisms of gene regulation and th ...	2016	27540386
heat sensitivity of wmel wolbachia during aedes aegypti development.	the wmel strain of wolbachia bacteria is known to prevent dengue and zika virus transmission in the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. accordingly, the release of wmel-infected a. aegypti in endemic regions has been recommended by the world health organization as a potential strategy for controlling dengue and zika outbreaks. however, the utility of this approach could be limited if high temperatures in the aquatic habitats where a. aegypti develop are detrimental to wolbachia. we exposed wmel-infec ...	2016	27459519
de novo transcriptome assembly of the grapevine phylloxera allows identification of genes differentially expressed between leaf- and root-feeding forms.	grapevine phylloxera, an insect related to true aphids, is a major historic pest of viticulture only controlled through the selection of resistant rootstocks or through quarantine regulations where grapevine is cultivated own-rooted. transcriptomic data could help understand the bases of its original life-traits, including a striking case of polyphenism, with forms feeding on roots and forms feeding in leaf-galls. comparisons with true aphids (for which complete genomes have been sequenced) shou ...	2016	26968158
detection of dengue, west nile virus, rickettsiosis and leptospirosis by a new real-time pcr strategy.	dengue virus (denv) infection causes sudden fever along with several nonspecific signs and symptoms and in severe cases, death. denv is transmitted to people by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes, whose populations increase during rainy season. west nile virus (wnv), rickettsia spp. and leptospira spp. are fever-causing pathogens that share many of the initial symptoms of denv infection and also thrive in the rainy season. outbreaks in some regions may be due to any of these pathogens t ...	2016	27350908
zika virus: an update on epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology, and animal model.	zika virus (zikv) was first described in 1947, and became a health emergency problem in 2016 when its association with fetal microcephaly cases was confirmed by centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in the united states. to date, zikv infection has been documented in 66 countries. zikv is recognized as a neurotropic virus and numerous diseases manifested in multiple neurological disorders have been described, mainly in countries that have been exposed to zikv after the 2007 outbreak i ...	2016	27124623
magnitude of neglected tropical diseases in indonesia at postmillennium development goals era.	the world will enter the postmillennium development goals 2015 era. the achievements of the millennium development goals (mdgs) as a global development target need to be evaluated. a sustainable new reasonable target is important for neglected tropical diseases (ntd) elimination in indonesia. this review describes the ntd situation in indonesia and highlights problems beneath the ntd transmission. multidisciplinary approach is a promising strategy to help the marginalized people.	2016	27190525
the untapped cell biology of neglected tropical diseases.	the world health organization lists a constellation of 17 tropical diseases that afflict approximately one in six individuals on the planet and, until recently, few resources have been devoted to the treatment and eradication of those diseases. they are often referred to as the diseases of the "bottom billion," because they are most prevalent among the poorest individuals in impoverished tropical nations. however, the few studies that have been performed reveal an extraordinary world of molecula ...	2016	26915691
structure and functional diversity of gcn5-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat).	general control non-repressible 5 (gcn5)-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat) catalyze the transfer of an acyl moiety from acyl coenzyme a (acyl-coa) to a diverse group of substrates and are widely distributed in all domains of life. this review of the currently available data acquired on gnat enzymes by a combination of structural, mutagenesis and kinetic methods summarizes the key similarities and differences between several distinctly different families within the gnat superfamily, with an emp ...	2016	27367672
overview of zika virus (zikv) infection in regards to the brazilian epidemic.	zika virus (zikv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, belongs to the flaviviridae family, genus flavivirus. zikv was initially isolated in 1947 from a sentinel monkey in the zika forest, uganda. little clinical importance was attributed to zikv, once only few symptomatic cases were reported in some african and southeast asiatic countries. this situation changed in 2007, when a large outbreak was registered on the yap island, micronesia, caused by the asian zikv lineage. between 2013 and 2014, zikv spr ...	2016	27143174
zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus.	to describe the temporal and geographical distribution of zika virus infection and associated neurological disorders, from 1947 to 1 february 2016, when zika became a public health emergency of international concern (pheic).	2016	27708473
persistent infection by wolbachia walbb has no effect on composition of the gut microbiota in adult female anopheles stephensi.	the bacteria in the midgut of anopheles stephensi adult females from laboratory colonies were studied by sequencing the v4 region of 16s rrna genes, with respect to three experimental factors: stable or cured wolbachia infection; sugar or blood diet; and age. proteobacteria and bacteroidetes dominated the community [>90% of operational taxonomic units (otus)]; most taxa were in the classes flavobacteriia, gammaproteobacteria, and alphaproteobacteria, and were assigned to elizabethkingia (46.9%), ...	2016	27708633
functional integration of the circulatory, immune, and respiratory systems in mosquito larvae: pathogen killing in the hemocyte-rich tracheal tufts.	as both larvae and adults, mosquitoes encounter a barrage of immune insults, ranging from microbe-rich communities in larval habitats to ingested blood-borne pathogens in adult blood meals. given that mosquito adults have evolved an efficient means of eliminating infections in their hemocoel (body cavity) via the coordinated action of their immune and circulatory systems, the goal of the present study was to determine whether such functional integration is also present in larvae.	2016	27643786
mosquito c-type lectins maintain gut microbiome homeostasis.	the long-term evolutionary interaction between the host immune system and symbiotic bacteria determines their cooperative rather than antagonistic relationship. it is known that commensal bacteria have evolved a number of mechanisms to manipulate the mammalian host immune system and maintain homeostasis. however, the strategies employed by the microbiome to overcome host immune responses in invertebrates still remain to be understood. here, we report that the gut microbiome in mosquitoes utilize ...	2016	27170846
open-air biowarfare testing and the evolution of values.	the united states and the united kingdom ended outdoor biological warfare testing in populated areas nearly half a century ago. yet, the conduct, health effects, and propriety of those tests remain controversial. the varied views reflect the limits of currently available test information and evolving societal values on research involving human subjects. western political culture has changed since the early days of the american and british testing programs. people have become less reluctant to qu ...	2016	27564984
symbiosis with francisella tularensis provides resistance to pathogens in the silkworm.	francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly virulent facultative intracellular pathogen found in a wide range of animals, including arthropods, and environments. this bacterium has been known for over 100 years, but the lifestyle of f. tularensis in natural reservoirs remains largely unknown. thus, we established a novel natural host model for f. tularensis using the silkworm (bombyx mori), which is an insect model for infection by pathogens. f. tularensis established a ...	2016	27507264
advances and limitations of disease biogeography using ecological niche modeling.	mapping disease transmission risk is crucial in public and animal health for evidence based decision-making. ecology and epidemiology are highly related disciplines that may contribute to improvements in mapping disease, which can be used to answer health related questions. ecological niche modeling is increasingly used for understanding the biogeography of diseases in plants, animals, and humans. however, epidemiological applications of niche modeling approaches for disease mapping can fail to ...	2016	27547199
diversity, evolution and medical applications of insect antimicrobial peptides.	antimicrobial peptides (amps) are short proteins with antimicrobial activity. a large portion of known amps originate from insects, and the number and diversity of these molecules in different species varies considerably. insect amps represent a potential source of alternative antibiotics to address the limitation of current antibiotics, which has been caused by the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. to get more insight into amps, we investigated the diversity and evolution o ...	2016	27160593
histopathology of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae parasitized by reesimermis nielseni (nematoda: mermithidae).		2016	4761359
esterase polymorphism in aedes aegypti: the genetics and k m values of electrophoretically heterogeneous forms.		2016	5038250
frequency of blood feeding in the mosquito aedes aegypti.		2016	4937213
systemically and cutaneously distributed ectoparasiticides: a review of the efficacy against ticks and fleas on dogs.	acaricidal (tick) and insecticidal (flea) efficacy of systemically and cutaneously distributed ectoparasiticide products for dogs are compared based on permethrin and fluralaner as representative molecules. results of efficacy studies against fleas and ticks are reviewed that show generally good to excellent results. both externally and systemically distributed treatments have benefits and weaknesses in potentially preventing pathogen transmission by these arthropod vectors.four general properti ...	2016	27502490
vaccines and immunization strategies for dengue prevention.	dengue is currently the most significant arboviral disease afflicting tropical and sub-tropical countries worldwide. dengue vaccines, such as the multivalent attenuated, chimeric, dna and inactivated vaccines, have been developed to prevent dengue infection in humans, and they function predominantly by stimulating immune responses against the dengue virus (denv) envelope (e) and nonstructural-1 proteins (ns1). of these vaccines, a live attenuated chimeric tetravalent denv vaccine developed by sa ...	2016	27436365
disease vectors in the era of next generation sequencing.	almost 20 % of all infectious human diseases are vector borne and, together, are responsible for over one million deaths per annum. over the past decade, the decreasing costs of massively parallel sequencing technologies have facilitated the agnostic interrogation of insect vector genomes, giving medical entomologists access to an ever-expanding volume of high-quality genomic and transcriptomic data. in this review, we highlight how genomics resources have provided new insights into the physiolo ...	2016	27154554
genomic insights into the ixodes scapularis tick vector of lyme disease.	ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. we describe the 2.1 gbp nuclear genome of the tick, ixodes scapularis (say), which vectors pathogens that cause lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. the large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive dna, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. annotation of scaffolds representing ∼57% of the ge ...	2016	26856261
identification of abcc2 as a binding protein of cry1ac on brush border membrane vesicles from helicoverpa armigera by an improved pull-down assay.	cry1ac toxin-binding proteins from helicoverpa armigera brush border membrane vesicles were identified by an improved pull-down method that involves coupling cry1ac to cnbr agarose combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). according to the lc-ms/ms results, cry1ac toxin could bind to six classes of aminopeptidase-n, alkaline phosphatase, cadherin-like protein, atp-binding cassette transporter subfamily c protein (abcc2), actin, atpase, polycalin, and some other pro ...	2016	27037552
unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome.	the bed bug, cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. this global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. analyses of the c. lectularius sequenced genome (650 mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory ...	2016	26836814
mosquito-transmitted viruses - the great brazilian challenge.	arboviruses pose a serious threat to public health worldwide, overloading the healthcare system and causing economic losses. these viruses form a very diverse group, and in brazil, arboviruses belonging to the families flaviviridae and togaviridae are predominant. unfortunately, the number of arboviruses increases in proportion with factors such as deforestation, poor sanitation, climate changes, and introduction of new viruses like chikungunya virus and zika virus. in brazil, dengue is endemic, ...	2016	27818091
the viral capping enzyme nsp1: a novel target for the inhibition of chikungunya virus infection.	the chikungunya virus (chikv) has become a substantial global health threat due to its massive re-emergence, the considerable disease burden and the lack of vaccines or therapeutics. we discovered a novel class of small molecules ([1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6h)-ones) with potent in vitro activity against chikv isolates from different geographical regions. drug-resistant variants were selected and these carried a p34s substitution in non-structural protein 1 (nsp1), the main enzyme involve ...	2016	27545976
mosquito communities and disease risk influenced by land use change and seasonality in the australian tropics.	anthropogenic land use changes have contributed considerably to the rise of emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne diseases. these diseases appear to be increasing as a result of the novel juxtapositions of habitats and species that can result in new interchanges of vectors, diseases and hosts. we studied whether the mosquito community structure varied between habitats and seasons and whether known disease vectors displayed habitat preferences in tropical australia.	2016	27388293
alphavirus infection: host cell shut-off and inhibition of antiviral responses.	alphaviruses cause debilitating disease in humans and animals and are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, typically mosquitoes. with a traditional focus on two models, sindbis virus and semliki forest virus, alphavirus research has significantly intensified in the last decade partly due to the re-emergence and dramatic expansion of chikungunya virus in asia, europe, and the americas. as a consequence, alphavirus-host interactions are now understood in much more molecular detail, and importa ...	2016	27294951
design and testing of novel lethal ovitrap to reduce populations of aedes mosquitoes: community-based participatory research between industry, academia and communities in peru and thailand.	dengue virus (and chikungunya and zika viruses) is transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes considerable human morbidity and mortality. as there is currently no vaccine or chemoprophylaxis to protect people from dengue virus infection, vector control is the only viable option for disease prevention. the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the design and placement process for an attractive lethal ovitrap to reduce vector populations and to describe lessons learne ...	2016	27532497
wolbachia biocontrol strategies for arboviral diseases and the potential influence of resident wolbachia strains in mosquitoes.	arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a major cause of human disease worldwide. the absence of vaccines and effective vector control strategies has resulted in the need for novel mosquito control strategies. the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has been proposed to form the basis for an effective mosquito biocontrol strategy. resident strains of wolbachia inhibit viral replication in drosophila fruit flies and induce a reproductive phenotype known as cytoplasmic incompatibility that allows ...	2016	26925368
arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines.	infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. with the recent introduction of west nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and zika virus (2015) to the americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. with a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease pre ...	2016	27664127
characterization of drosophila cmp-sialic acid synthetase activity reveals unusual enzymatic properties.	cmp-sialic acid synthetase (csas) is a key enzyme of the sialylation pathway. csas produces the activated sugar donor, cmp-sialic acid, which serves as a substrate for sialyltransferases to modify glycan termini with sialic acid. unlike other animal csass that normally localize in the nucleus, drosophila melanogaster csas (dmcsas) localizes in the cell secretory compartment, predominantly in the golgi, which suggests that this enzyme has properties distinct from those of its vertebrate counterpa ...	2016	27114558
use of a probabilistic motif search to identify histidine phosphotransfer domain-containing proteins.	the wealth of newly obtained proteomic information affords researchers the possibility of searching for proteins of a given structure or function. here we describe a general method for the detection of a protein domain of interest in any species for which a complete proteome exists. in particular, we apply this approach to identify histidine phosphotransfer (hpt) domain-containing proteins across a range of eukaryotic species. from the sequences of known hpt domains, we created an amino acid occ ...	2016	26751210
the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis ll5 embryonic cell line has active toll and imd pathways and shows immune responses to bacteria, yeast and leishmania.	lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america. sandfly immune responses are poorly understood. in previous work we showed that these vector insects respond to bacterial infections by modulating a defensin gene expression and activate the imd pathway in response to leishmania infection. aspects of innate immune pathways in insects (including mosquito vectors of human diseases) have been revealed by studying insect cell lines, and we have previously demonstrat ...	2016	27098567
emerging role of lipid droplets in aedes aegypti immune response against bacteria and dengue virus.	in mammals, lipid droplets (lds) are ubiquitous organelles that modulate immune and inflammatory responses through the production of lipid mediators. in insects, it is unknown whether lds play any role during the development of immune responses. we show that aedes aegypti aag2 cells - an immune responsive cell lineage - accumulates lds when challenged with enterobacter cloacae, sindbis, and dengue viruses. microarray analysis of aag2 challenged with e.cloacae or infected with dengue virus reveal ...	2016	26887863
mass spectrometry analysis and transcriptome sequencing reveal glowing squid crystal proteins are in the same superfamily as firefly luciferase.	the japanese firefly squid hotaru-ika (watasenia scintillans) produces intense blue light from photophores at the tips of two arms. these photophores are densely packed with protein microcrystals that catalyse the bioluminescent reaction using atp and the substrate coelenterazine disulfate. the squid is the only organism known to produce light using protein crystals. we extracted microcrystals from arm tip photophores and identified the constituent proteins using mass spectrometry and transcript ...	2016	27279452
tetrapyrroles as endogenous tspo ligands in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: comparisons with synthetic ligands.	the 18 kda translocator protein (tspo) is highly 0conserved in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. since its discovery in 1977, numerous studies established the tspo's importance for life essential functions. for these studies, synthetic tspo ligands typically are applied. tetrapyrroles present endogenous ligands for the tspo. tetrapyrroles are also evolutionarily conserved and regulate multiple functions. tspo and tetrapyrroles regulate each other. in animals tspo-tetrapyrrole interactions range from e ...	2016	27271616
novel nad+-farnesal dehydrogenase from polygonum minus leaves. purification and characterization of enzyme in juvenile hormone iii biosynthetic pathway in plant.	juvenile hormone iii is of great concern due to negative effects on major developmental and reproductive maturation in insect pests. thus, the elucidation of enzymes involved jh iii biosynthetic pathway has become increasing important in recent years. one of the enzymes in the jh iii biosynthetic pathway that remains to be isolated and characterized is farnesal dehydrogenase, an enzyme responsible to catalyze the oxidation of farnesal into farnesoic acid. a novel nad+-farnesal dehydrogenase of p ...	2016	27560927
functional genomic analyses of enterobacter, anopheles and plasmodium reciprocal interactions that impact vector competence.	malaria exerts a tremendous socioeconomic impact worldwide despite current control efforts, and novel disease transmission-blocking strategies are urgently needed. the enterobacter bacterium esp_z, which is naturally harboured in the mosquito midgut, can inhibit the development of plasmodium parasites prior to their invasion of the midgut epithelium through a mechanism that involves oxidative stress. here, a multifaceted approach is used to study the tripartite interactions between the mosquito, ...	2016	27549662
depletion of alveolar macrophages does not prevent hantavirus disease pathogenesis in golden syrian hamsters.	andes virus (andv) is associated with a lethal vascular leak syndrome in humans termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the mechanism for the massive vascular leakage associated with hps is poorly understood; however, dysregulation of components of the immune response is often suggested as a possible cause. alveolar macrophages are found in the alveoli of the lung and represent the first line of defense to many airborne pathogens. to determine whether alveolar macrophages play a role in hps ...	2016	27099308
analysis of protein composition and bioactivity of neoponera villosa venom (hymenoptera: formicidae).	ants cause a series of accidents involving humans. such accidents generate different reactions in the body, ranging from a mild irritation at the bite site to anaphylactic shock, and these reactions depend on the mechanism of action of the venom. the study of animal venom is a science known as venomics. through venomics, the composition of the venom of several ant species has already been characterized and their biological activities described. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pro ...	2016	27110765
tiger mosquito - generated devastation in the biosphere!!!		2016	27041891
how to predict molecular interactions between species?	organisms constantly interact with other species through physical contact which leads to changes on the molecular level, for example the transcriptome. these changes can be monitored for all genes, with the help of high-throughput experiments such as rna-seq or microarrays. the adaptation of the gene expression to environmental changes within cells is mediated through complex gene regulatory networks. often, our knowledge of these networks is incomplete. network inference predicts gene regulator ...	2016	27065992
transfer of dna from bacteria to eukaryotes.	historically, the members of the agrobacterium genus have been considered the only bacterial species naturally able to transfer and integrate dna into the genomes of their eukaryotic hosts. yet, increasing evidence suggests that this ability to genetically transform eukaryotic host cells might be more widespread in the bacterial world. indeed, analyses of accumulating genomic data reveal cases of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to eukaryotes and suggest that it represents a significant fo ...	2016	27406565
horizontal transfer of β-carbonic anhydrase genes from prokaryotes to protozoans, insects, and nematodes.	horizontal gene transfer (hgt) is a movement of genetic information occurring outside of normal mating activities. it is especially common between prokaryotic endosymbionts and their protozoan, insect, and nematode hosts. although beta carbonic anhydrase (β-ca) plays a crucial role in metabolic functions of many living organisms, the origin of β-ca genes in eukaryotic species remains unclear.	2016	26983858