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repellent activity of desiccant dusts and conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana when tested against poultry red mites (dermanyssus gallinae) in laboratory experiments.desiccant dusts and entomopathogenic fungi have previously been found to hold potential against the poultry red mite, which is an important pest in egg production and notoriously difficult to control. both control agents may cause repellence in other arthropods and potentially also influence control levels adversely when used against the poultry red mite. five desiccant dust products with good efficacy against the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae caused avoidance behavior in mites when test ...201627631762
the production and uses of beauveria bassiana as a microbial insecticide.among invertebrate fungal pathogens, beauveria bassiana has assumed a key role in management of numerous arthropod agricultural, veterinary and forestry pests. beauveria is typically deployed in one or more inundative applications of large numbers of aerial conidia in dry or liquid formulations, in a chemical paradigm. mass production is mainly practiced by solid-state fermentation to yield hydrophobic aerial conidia, which remain the principal active ingredient of mycoinsecticides. more robust ...201627628337
characterization and expression analysis of receptor for activated c kinase from silk-producing insect antheraea pernyi.the receptor for activated c kinase (rack) is an important scaffold protein with regulatory functions in cells. however, its role in the immune response of antheraea pernyi to pathogen challenge remains unclear. to investigate the biological functions of rack in the wild silkworm a. pernyi, cloning was performed and the expression patterns of the rack gene were analyzed. sequence analysis revealed that the rack gene was 1120 bp containing a 960-bp open reading frame. the deduced rack protein seq ...201627586183
improving efficacy of beauveria bassiana against stored grain beetles with a synergistic co-formulant.the potential of a dry powder co-formulant, kaolin, to improve the control of storage beetles by the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana, isolate imi389521, was investigated. the response of oryzaephilus surinamensis adults to the fungus when applied to wheat at 1 × 10(10) conidia per kg with and without kaolin at 1.74 g per kg wheat was assessed. addition of kaolin increased control from 46% to 88% at day 7 and from 81% to 99% at day 14 post-treatment. following this the dose response of ...201627571107
oviposition deterrence and immature survival of filth flies (diptera: muscidae) when exposed to commercial fungal products.filth flies are pests of livestock, and can transmit pathogens that cause disease to animals and their caretakers. studies have shown successful infection of adult filth flies following exposure to different strains and formulations of entomopathogenic fungi. this study aimed to examine the effects of commercial formulations of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) (moniliales: moniliaceae) (i.e., botanigard es, mycotrol o, balence), and metarhizium brunneum (metsch.) (ascomycota: hypocreales) (i.e., met ...201627302955
fungal keratitis due to beauveria bassiana in a contact lenses wearer and review of published reports.fungal keratitis is a severe ocular infection that primarily affects subjects engaged in outdoor activities. risk factors include allergic conjunctivitis, previous eye surgery, previous treatment with wide-spectrum antimicrobial agents and corticosteroids and using contact lenses. corneal infection is usually secondary to trauma involving organic material, which is often the only predisposing factor. early diagnosis based on clinical examination and microbiological investigation (microscopy, cul ...201627300341
endophytic ability of different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin in stem and leaf tissues of maize (zea mays l.).the present study was conducted to examine the ability of six promising indigenous isolates of beauveria bassiana (nbaii-bb-5a, 7, 14, 19, 23 and 45) as an endophyte in maize stem and leaf tissues. maize seedlings (var. nithyashree) were inoculated with conidial suspensions and were examined for endophytic establishment in leaf and stems at different intervals during 15-90 days after treatment. all six isolates showed colonization in stem and leaf tissues with varying abilities of colonization a ...201627570303
efficacy of biopesticides for management of the swede midge (diptera: cecidomyiidae).management of the swede midge, contarinia nasturtii kieffer, in north american crucifer production relies on crop rotation and the timely application of synthetic insecticides, based on pheromone trap monitoring of local adult populations. organically acceptable formulations of azadirachtin, pyrethrin, and spinosad, and a commercial biopesticide containing the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, were evaluated for their effects on larval mortality and oviposition deterrence in the green ...201627567223
analytical methods for secondary metabolite detection.the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium brunneum, beauveria bassiana, and b. brongniartii are widely applied as biological pest control agent in oecd countries. consequently, their use has to be flanked by a risk management approach, which includes the need to monitor the fate of their relevant toxic metabolites. there are still data gaps claimed by regulatory authorities pending on their identification and quantification of relevant toxins or secondary metabolites. in this chapter, analytical me ...201627565501
plant tissue preparation for the detection of an endophytic fungus in planta.the identification of fungal endophytes often relies on culturing isolates from surface-sterilized plant tissue. however, molecular techniques have enabled the rapid detection and identification of targeted endophyte species, and next-generation sequencing technology provides an opportunity to obtain comprehensive information on endophytic communities, directly from plant tissue. in order to achieve accurate detection from internal tissues, surface microbes and associated deoxyribonucleic acid ( ...201627565499
detection and quantification of the entomopathogenic fungal endophyte beauveria bassiana in plants by nested and quantitative pcr.the described protocol allows detecting as low as 10 fg the entomopathogenic fungal endophyte beauveria bassiana in host plants by using a two-step nested pcr with the its1f/its4 and bb.fw and bb.rv primer pairs. on the other hand, a qpcr protocol using bb.fw and bb.rv primers is also available allowing the quantification of up to 26 fg of b. bassiana dna per 20 ng of leaf dna.201627565498
isolation and assessment of stability of six formulations of entomopathogenic beauveria bassiana.beauveria bassiana is the most widely studied and exploited entomopathogen. the development of a suitable formulation for b. bassiana is a critical component in aiding the entomopathogen germinate and infect the host. in addition to being economical to produce, having high residual activity, it is also important that the formulation is easy to handle, stable during storage, and convenient to mix and apply and be consistently effective in controlling the target pest.in this chapter we describe pr ...201627565494
the cellular proteome is affected by a gelsolin (bbgel1) during morphological transitions in aerobic surface versus liquid growth in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.the gelsolin superfamily includes seven protein members: gelsolin, villin, adseverin, capg, advillin, supervillin and flightless i. the gelsolin proteins are actin-binding proteins that contain three or six gelsolin-like domains, and they play important roles in remodelling actin dynamics and cellular processes in eukaryotes. the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana expresses a unique capg protein (bbgel1) that contains three gelsolin-like domains. bbgel1p is associated with actin during m ...201627554994
phylogenetic structure and habitat associations of beauveria species isolated from soils in slovakia.the phylogenetic structure of 109 soil-borne entomopathogenic beauveria isolates acquired using the galleria mellonella bait method from different habitat types in slovakia was determined by sequence analysis of their its and bloc loci. three beauveria species were identified; beauveria bassiana, b. pseudobassiana and b. brongniartii, represented by 51.4%, 43.1% and 5.5% of acquired isolates, respectively, which were resolved into 15, 1 and 1 distinguishable haplotypes. correlation analysis with ...201627546863
improved shelf life of dried beauveria bassiana blastospores using convective drying and active packaging processes.the yeast form (blastospore) of the dimorphic insect-pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana can be rapidly produced using liquid fermentation methods but is generally unable to survive rapid dehydration processes or storage under non-refrigerated conditions. in this study, we evaluated the influence of two convective drying methods, various modified atmosphere packaging systems, and storage temperatures on the desiccation tolerance, storage stability, and virulence of blastospores of b. bassiana e ...201627198727
cuticle-degrading proteases and toxins as virulence markers of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin.beauveria bassiana is one of the most known entomopathogenic fungal species and its entomopathogenic mechanism involves several bioactive metabolites, mainly cuticle-degrading enzymes and toxic molecules, which are predicted to play a key role as virulence factors. in this study six beauveria bassiana strains (b 13/i03, b 13/i11, b 13/i49, b 13/i57, b 13/i63, and b 13/i64) were assayed against tenebrio molitor larvae. enzymatic activity of total proteases and specifically pr 1 and pr 2, as well ...201627198125
the autophagy-related genes bbatg1 and bbatg8 have different functions in differentiation, stress resistance and virulence of mycopathogen beauveria bassiana.autophagy-related proteins play significantly different roles in eukaryotes. in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana, autophagy is associated with fungal growth and development. bbatg1 (a serine/threonine protein kinase) and bbatg8 (a ubiquitin-like protein) have similar roles in autophagy, but different roles in other processes. disruption mutants of bbatg1 and bbatg8 had impaired conidial germination under starvation stress. the mutant δbbatg8 exhibited enhanced sensitivity to oxidat ...201627197558
laboratory evaluation of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae in the control of haemaphysalis qinghaiensis in china.haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, a prevalent tick species in china, is an ectoparasite that preferentially infests small ruminants and can transmit theileria sp. and babesia sp. in this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of individual and mixed infections of the fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae to h. qinghaiensis nymphs. the estimated lc50 for ticks immersed in solutions of b. bassiana, m. anisopliae and a mixture thereof were: 5.88056 × 10(4), 2.65 × 10(4), and 2.85 × 10(4) con ...201627071674
unveiling the oxidative metabolism of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) experimentally exposed to entomopathogenic fungi.rhipicephalus microplus is an important tick in tropical regions due to the high economic losses caused by its parasitism. metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana are well-known entomopathogenic fungi that can afflict r. microplus ticks. the development of new targets and strategies to control this parasite can be driven by studies of this tick's physiology. recently, it was reported that when exposed to adverse physiological conditions, ticks can activate fermentative pathways, indicating ...201627354113
spatial and taxonomical overlap of fungi on phylloplanes and invasive alien ladybirds with fungal infections in tree crowns of urban green spaces.occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi on phylloplanes in tilia × europaea crowns between 1 and 13 m was assessed in urban parks. prevalence of fungal infections in ladybirds (coleoptera: coccinellidae) collected from tilia × europaea was assessed to determine whether fungi found on phylloplanes also occurred as infections in ladybirds. isaria spp. was most abundant on phylloplanes (mean colony forming units (cfu) per leaf ± se, 0.33 ± 0.03) followed by beauveria spp. (0.22 ± 0.02 cfu per leaf) an ...201627353660
management of chinese rose beetle (adoretus sinicus) adults feeding on cacao (theobroma cacao) using insecticides.the chinese rose beetle (adoretus sinicus burmeister (coleoptera: scarabaeidae)) is an introduced, widely-established pest in hawai'i. the adult beetles feed on the leaves of cacao (theobroma cacao l.), which can lead to defoliation and even death of young trees. we evaluated the impact of five commercially available products with different active ingredients (imidacloprid, azadirachtin, beauveria bassiana (bals.-criv.) vuill., kaolin clay, and pyrethrin) and the presence or absence of weed mat ...201627348004
distinct roles of two cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductases (trr1/2) in the redox system involving cysteine synthesis and host infection of beauveria bassiana.two thioredoxin (trx) reductases (trr1/2) are known to play overlapping roles in the yeast trx-trr redox system but are generally unexplored in filamentous fungi, which possess multiple trx homologues. this study seeks to characterize the functions of trr1 and trr2 in beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungal insect pathogen, and to probe their trx partners. both trr1 and trr2 were evidently localized in the cytoplasm of b. bassiana, unlike the two yeast homologues that have been reported to loca ...201627344592
genetic improvement of the nematicidal fungus lecanicillium attenuatum against heterodera glycines by expression of the beauveria bassiana cdep1 protease gene.lecanicillium attenuatum is an important nematophagous fungus with potential as a biopesticide against plant-parasitic nematodes. the pr1a-like cuticle-degrading protease (cdep1) gene originating from the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana was transformed into the nematophagous fungus l. attenuatum using a polyethylene-glycol mediated protoplast-based transformation system. protease activity was increased 0.64- to 1.63-fold 2-10d after growth in the transformed l. attenuatum. inhibition ...201627342597
evaluation of a new entomopathogenic strain of beauveria bassiana and a new field delivery method against solenopsis invicta.solenopsis invicta buren is one of the most important pests in china, and control measures are mainly based on the use of synthetic pesticides, which may be inadequate and unsustainable. hence, there is a growing interest in developing biological control alternatives for managing s. invicta, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi. to facilitate the commercialization of entomopathogenic fungi against s. invicta, 10 beauveria bassiana isolates originating from different hosts were tested for vi ...201627341441
identification and molecular characterization of two serine proteases and their potential involvement in prophenoloxidase activation in plutella xylostella.the proteolytic activation of prophenoloxidase (propo) is a humoral defense mechanism in insects and crustaceans. phenoloxidase (po) is produced as an inactive precursor namely, propo and is activated via specific proteolytic cleavage by propo-activating proteinase. the current research reports two novel serine proteinase genes (pxsp1-768 bp and pxsp2-816 bp) from plutella xylostella, encoding 255 and 271 amino acid residues, respectively. tissue distribution analyses by semiquantitative reverse ...201627306978
expression and characterization of a lipase-related protein in the malpighian tubules of the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi.lipases are ubiquitous enzymes in nature, which play a crucial role in fat metabolism by catalyzing the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to free fatty acids and glycerol. however, reports concerning insect lipase are rare. in this study, we studied the expression and activity of a lipase-related protein from antheraea pernyi (aplrp). recombinant aplrp was expressed in escherichia coli cells and used to raise rabbit anti-aplrp polyclonal antibodies. aplrp mrna and protein expression were abundant in ...201627297450
control of hyalomma lusitanicum (acari: ixodidade) ticks infesting oryctolagus cuniculus (lagomorpha: leporidae) using the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (hyocreales: clavicipitaceae) in field conditions.entomopathogenic fungi are widely used to control arthropods not just in agricultural settings but also in veterinary medicine and public health. these products have been employed to control tick populations and tick-borne diseases. the effectiveness of these control measures not only depends on the fungi, but also on the tick species and environmental conditions. in mesomediterranean areas, tick species are adapted to extreme climatic conditions and it is therefore especially important to devel ...201627297213
using in silico techniques: isolation and characterization of an insect cuticle-degrading-protease gene from beauveria bassiana.cuticle-degrading-proteases (cdps) secreted by beauveria spp. are pivotal biocontrol substances, possessing commercial potential for developing bio-pesticides. therefore, a thoughtful and contemplative understanding and assessment of the structural and functional features of these proteases would markedly assist the development of biogenic pesticides. computational molecular biology is a new facile alternative approach to the tedious experimental molecular biology; therefore, by using bioinforma ...201627287496
gene expression patterns in response to pathogen challenge and interaction with hemolin suggest that the yippee protein of antheraea pernyi is involved in the innate immune response.yippee was first identified as a protein that physically interacts with the hemolin protein of hyalophora cecropia. in this study, we identified a gene with a 366bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a 121 amino acid protein containing a conserved yippee domain. we named this gene ap-yippee (yippee gene from antheraea pernyi), and investigated the role of the protein in the host immune response. a recombinant ap-yippee protein was expressed in escherichia coli cells, and polyclonal antibodies ...201627261060
antifungal, antiradical and cytotoxic activities of extractives obtained from tagetes patula l. (asteraceae), a potential acaricide plant species.tagetes patula l. shows a complex chemical composition, ranging from glycosylated flavonoids and thiophenes in extracts until terpenoids in the essential oil. in the present study, due to this rich flavonoidic constitution, its antioxidant potential was determined, having shown values of antiradical percentage superior to reference compounds, mainly the extracts prepared with flowers. previous studies performed emphasized the acaricide potential of t. patula and thus, the present study aimed to ...201626945559
toxicity of natural insecticides on the larvae of wheat head armyworm, dargida diffusa (lepidoptera: noctuidae).the wheat head armyworm, dargida (previously faronta) diffusa (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is widely distributed in north american grasslands and is most common on the great plains, where it is often a serious pest of corn and cereal crops. six commercially available botanical or microbial insecticides used against d. diffusa were tested in the laboratory: entrust(®) wp (spinosad 80%), mycotrol(®) eso (beauveria bassiana gha), aza-direct(®) (azadirachtin), met52(®) ec (metarhizium brunneum ...201626855414
diet drives the collective migrations and affects the immunity of mormon crickets and locusts: a comparison of these potential superspreaders of disease.differential transmission of disease among individuals within a population or among species in a community can result in superspreaders, relatively rare individuals responsible for a large proportion of transmission events. migrating mormon crickets and nymphal locusts readily engage in cannibalistic attacks and necrophagy. typically multiple individuals consume a cadaver, which fosters the spread of disease. cannibalistic attacks result in aligned, coordinated movement of individuals in massive ...201627252211
map kinase hog1 regulates metabolic changes induced by hyperosmotic stress. 201627242748
miro gtpase controls mitochondrial behavior affecting stress tolerance and virulence of a fungal insect pathogen.miro homologues are small mitochondrial rho gtpases belonging to the ras superfamily across organisms and are generally unexplored in filamentous fungi. here we identified a miro orthologue (bmiro) in beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungal insect pathogen as a classic biological control agent of insect pests. this orthologue was proven to anchor on mitochondrial outer membrane in a manner depending completely upon a short c-terminal transmembrane domain. as a result of bmiro deletion, mitochon ...201627241960
sequential fungal fermentation-biotransformation process to produce a red pigment from sclerotiorin.the fungus penicillium sclerotiorum produces sclerotiorin, an orange compound closely related to the useful food coloring pigments produced by monascus species. the high productivity, together with several biological activities reported for sclerotiorin highlights its potential application in food industry. in this work, sclerotiorin was obtained as the major metabolite produced in liquid fermentation by p. sclerotiorum standing for 30% of the fungal dry extract. modulation of sclerotiorin color ...201627211658
effect of three entomopathogenic fungi on three species of stingless bees (hymenoptera: apidae) under laboratory conditions.development of alternative strategies for pest control with reduced effect on beneficial organisms is a priority given the increasing global loss of biodiversity. biological control with entomopathogenic fungi arises as a viable option to control insect pests. however, few studies have focused on the consequences of using these organisms on pollinators other than the honey bee (apis mellifera l.) or bumble bees (bombus spp). we evaluated the pathogenicity of commercial formulations of three wide ...201627151469
effect of plant extracts and a disinfectant on biological parameters and pathogenicity of the fungus beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill. (ascomycota: cordycipitaceae).the fungus beauveria bassiana is naturally found in poultry houses and causes high rates of mortality in alphitobius diaperinus. laboratory and field experiments have shown the potential of this fungus as an insect control agent. however, in poultry houses, bacteria as salmonella, can be found and have been studied alternative control methods for this pathogen. thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant extracts and a disinfectant on the fungus beauveria bassiana (strain unioeste 4). ...201627143049
molecular genetics of beauveria bassiana infection of insects.research on the insect pathogenic filamentous fungus, beauveria bassiana has witnessed significant growth in recent years from mainly physiological studies related to its insect biological control potential, to addressing fundamental questions regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms of fungal development and virulence. this has been in part due to a confluence of robust genetic tools and genomic resources for the fungus, and recognition of expanded ecological interactions with which the fu ...201627131326
insect pathogenic fungi as endophytes.in this chapter, we explore some of the evolutionary, ecological, molecular genetics, and applied aspects of a subset of insect pathogenic fungi that also have a lifestyle as endophytes and we term endophytic insect pathogenic fungi (eipf). we focus particularly on metarhizium spp. and beauveria bassiana as eipf. the discussion of the evolution of eipf challenges a view that these fungi were first and foremost insect pathogens that eventually evolved to colonize plants. phylogenetic evidence sho ...201627131324
advances in genomics of entomopathogenic fungi.fungi are the commonest pathogens of insects and crucial regulators of insect populations. the rapid advance of genome technologies has revolutionized our understanding of entomopathogenic fungi with multiple metarhizium spp. sequenced, as well as beauveria bassiana, cordyceps militaris, and ophiocordyceps sinensis among others. phylogenomic analysis suggests that the ancestors of many of these fungi were plant endophytes or pathogens, with entomopathogenicity being an acquired characteristic. t ...201627131323
dissection of the contributions of cyclophilin genes to development and virulence in a fungal insect pathogen.cyclophilins are ubiquitous proteins found in all domains of life, catalyzing peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization (ppiase activity) and functioning in diverse cellular processes. the filamentous insect pathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, contains 11 cyclophilin genes whose roles were probed via individual gene knockouts, construction of over-expression strains, and a simultaneous gene knockdown strategy using tandem sirna. mutants were examined for effects on conidiation, hyphal growth, c ...201627130487
metabolic responses of beauveria bassiana to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress using an lc-ms-based metabolomics approach.the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, is commonly used as a biological agent for pest control. environmental and biological factors expose the fungus to oxidative stress; as a result, b. bassiana has adopted a number of anti-oxidant mechanisms. in this study, we investigated metabolites of b. bassiana that are formed in response to oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) by using a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (lc-ms) approach. partial least-squares discriminant anal ...201627116916
the na(+) /h(+) antiporter nhx1 controls vacuolar fusion indispensible for life cycles in vitro and in vivo in a fungal insect pathogen.the sole na(+) /h(+) antiporter nhx1 has been generally unexplored in filamentous fungi. we characterized nhx1 in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. an egfp-tagged nhx1 fusion accumulated in small punctuate structures, presumably endosomal and trans-golgi network compartments, between septum and tubular vacuole of each wild-type cell stained with a vacuole-specific dye. deletion of nhx1 resulted in significant acidification and severe fusion defect in vacuoles, which were fragmented ...201627112237
reactive oxygen species production, induced by atmospheric modification, alter conidial quality of beauveria bassiana.the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ros) production and conidial infectivity in beauveria bassiana.201627107399
proteomic and phosphoproteomic insights into a signaling hub role for cdc14 in asexual development and multiple stress responses in beauveria bassiana.cdc14 is a dual-specificity phosphatase that regulates nuclear behavior by dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine in fungi. previously, cdc14 was shown to act as a positive regulator of cytokinesis, asexual development and multiple stress responses in beauveria bassiana, a fungal insect pathogen. this study seeks to gain deep insight into a pivotal role of cdc14 in the signaling network of b. bassiana by analyzing the cdc14-specific proteome and phosphoproteome gene ...201627055109
successful treatment of beauveria bassiana fungal keratitis with topical voriconazole.we describe a 66-year-old woman who suffered from fungal keratitis after corneal transplantation. the causative organism was identified as beauveria bassiana on the basis of morphological characteristics and the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal rna gene. the patient was successfully treated with topical voriconazole (vrcz) use only. we, hereby, present the first report of a case with b. bassiana fungal keratitis that responded to topical antifungal vrcz treatme ...201626603426
identification and characterization of an insect toxin protein, bb70p, from the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, using galleria mellonella as a model system.an insect-toxic protein, bb70p, was purified from beauveria bassiana 70 using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. bb70p has a high affinity for anion exchangers and 2d electrophoresis results revealed a single spot with a molecular weight of 35.5 kda and an iso-electric point of ∼4.5. bb70p remains active from 4 to 60°c, within a ph range of 4-10, but is more active in slightly acidic ph. a pure protein, bb70p does not have any carbohydrate side chain ...201626592942
isolation of fungi from dead arthropods and identification of a new mosquito natural pathogen.insects are well known vectors of human and animal pathogens and millions of people are killed by mosquito-borne diseases every year. the use of insecticides to target insect vectors has been hampered by the issues of toxicity to the environment and by the selection of resistant insects. therefore, biocontrol strategies based on naturally occurring microbial pathogens emerged as a promising control alternative. the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana is well characterized and have been ap ...201627595597
characterization of t-dna insertion mutants with decreased virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana jef-007.the bean bug, riptortus pedestris, is a major agricultural pest that reduces crop quality and value. chemical pesticides have contributed to pest management, but resistance to these chemicals has significantly limited their use. alternative strategies with different modes of action, such as entomopathogenic fungi, are therefore of great interest. herein, we explored how entomopathogenic fungi can potentially be used to control the bean bug and focused on identifying virulence-related genes. beau ...201627470140
comparative performance evaluation of multi-metal resistant fungal strains for simultaneous removal of multiple hazardous metals.in the present study, five fungal strains viz., aspergillus terreus aml02, paecilomyces fumosoroseus 4099, beauveria bassiana 4580, aspergillus terreus pd-17, aspergillus fumigatus pd-18, were screened for simultaneous multimetal removal. highest metal tolerance index for each individual metal viz., cd, cr, cu, ni, pb and zn (500mg/l) was recorded for a. fumigatus for the metals (cd, 0.72; cu, 0.72; pb, 1.02; zn, 0.94) followed by b. bassiana for the metals (cd, 0.56; cu, 0.14; ni, 0.29; zn, 0.8 ...201627497228
immunity of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella.investigation of insect immune mechanisms provides important information concerning innate immunity, which in many aspects is conserved in animals. this is one of the reasons why insects serve as model organisms to study virulence mechanisms of human pathogens. from the evolutionary point of view, we also learn a lot about host-pathogen interaction and adaptation of organisms to conditions of life. additionally, insect-derived antibacterial and antifungal peptides and proteins are considered for ...201626847724
loss of second and sixth conserved cysteine residues from trypsin inhibitor-like cysteine-rich domain-type protease inhibitors in bombyx mori may induce activity against microbial proteases.previous studies have indicated that most trypsin inhibitor-like cysteine-rich domain (til)-type protease inhibitors, which contain a single til domain with ten conserved cysteines, inhibit cathepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, or elastase. our recent findings suggest that cys(2nd) and cys(6th) were lost from the til domain of the fungal-resistance factors in bombyx mori, bmspi38 and bmspi39, which inhibit microbial proteases and the germination of beauveria bassiana conidia. to reveal the significa ...201627677962
jak/stat signaling pathway-mediated immune response in silkworm (bombyx mori) challenged by beauveria bassiana.innate immunity was critical in insects defensive system and able to be induced by janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription cascade transduction (jak/stat) signaling pathway. currently, it had been identified many jak/stat signaling pathway-related genes in silkworm, but little function was known on insect innate immunity. to explore the roles of jak/stat pathway in antifungal immune response in silkworm (bombyx mori) against beauveria bassiana infection, the expression patt ...201627693371
how to start with a clean crop: biopesticide dips reduce populations of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) on greenhouse poinsettia propagative cuttings.(1) global movement of propagative plant material is a major pathway for introduction of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) into poinsettia greenhouses. starting a poinsettia crop with high pest numbers disrupts otherwise successful biological control programs and widespread resistance of b. tabaci against pesticides is limiting growers' options to control this pest; (2) this study investigated the use of several biopesticides (mineral oil, insecticidal soap, beauveria bassiana, isaria fumo ...201627681741
high ozone (o3) affects the fitness associated with the microbial composition and abundance of q biotype bemisia tabaci.ozone (o3) affects the fitness of an insect, such as its development, reproduction and protection against fungal pathogens, but the mechanism by which it does so remains unclear. here, we compared the fitness (i.e., the growth and development time, reproduction and protection against beauveria bassiana (b. bassiana) of q biotype whiteflies fumigated under ho3 (280 ± 20 ppb) and control o3 (50 ± 10 ppb) concentrations. moreover, we determined that gene expression was related to development, repro ...201627799921
evaluation of pathogenicity of the fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana in hazelnut weevil (curculio nucum l., coleoptera, curculionidae) larvae.the nut weevil (curculio nucum) is one of the most important and widespread pests in hazelnut orchards. in order to screen entomopathogenic fungal strains with high virulence against c. nucum, the growth rate, sporulation, and cumulative mortality of different metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana strains were investigated, and the process by which m. anisopliae com 02 infects c. nucum larvae was observed using scanning electron microscopy. the results indicated that the growth rate and ...201627784935
isolation and characterization of 2-pyridone alkaloids and alloxazines from beauveria bassiana.two novel compounds bearing heterocyclic nitrogen, 2-pyridone alkaloid (1) and alloxazine derivative (2), along with the known pretenellin b (3), pyridovericin (4) and lumichrome (5) were isolated from a culture of the entomopathogenic fungal strain beauveria bassiana. the chemical structures of 2-pyridone alkaloid and alloxazine derivative were established on the basis of the interpretation of spectroscopic data. the isolated compounds were evaluated in a panel of five cancer cell lines and pyr ...201628032511
in vitro interaction of metarhizium anisopliae ma9236 and beauveria bassiana bb9205 with heterorhabditis bacteriophora hni0100 for the control of plutella xylostella.the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) is a major pest of broccoli crops in colombia. to control p. xylostella, we evaluated the interaction of beauveria bassiana bb9205 and metarhizium anisopliae ma9236 with heterorhabditis bacteriophora hni0100 and its bacterial symbiont photorhabdus luminescens hni0100. we used antagonism and disk diffusion assays with fungal extracts to test the interaction between symbiotic bacterium and fungi. p. luminescens inhibited the growth of b. bassiana and m. a ...201627995045
bioassay and scanning electron microscopic observations reveal high virulence of entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, on the onion maggot (diptera: anthomyiidae) adults.when flies were dipped in 1 × 10(8) conidia/ml conidia suspensions and then kept in the incubator (22 ± 1 °c, 70 ± 5% rh), scanning electron microscope observations revealed that, at 2 h, the majority of adhering beauveria bassiana conidia were attached to either the wing surface or the interstitial area between the macrochaetae on the thorax and abdomen of the onion maggot adults. germ tubes were being produced and had oriented toward the cuticle by 18 h. penetration of the insect cuticle had o ...201627986935
a novel picorna-like virus, riptortus pedestris virus-1 (ripv-1), found in the bean bug, r. pedestris, after fungal infection.a viral genome was assembled de novo from next-generation sequencing (ngs) data from bean bugs, riptortus pedestris, infected with an entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana (bb), and was further confirmed via the race method. this is a novel insect positive-sense single-stranded rna virus, which we named riptortus pedestris virus-1 (ripv-1) (genbank accession no. ku958718). the genome of ripv-1 consists of 10,554 nucleotides (nt), excluding the poly(a) tail, which contains a single large op ...201627840139
disease in the society: infectious cadavers result in collapse of ant sub-colonies.despite the growing number of experimental studies on mechanisms of social immunity in ant societies, little is known about how social behavior relates to disease progression within the nests of ants. in fact, when empirically studying disease in ant societies, it is common to remove dead ants from experiments to confirm infection by the studied parasite. this unfortunately does not allow disease to progress within the nest as it may be assumed would happen under natural conditions. therefore, t ...201627529548
survey of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi and evaluation of their pathogenicity against the carmine spider mite, tetranychus cinnabarinus (boisd.), and the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (genn.) biotype b.the carmine spider mite, tetranychus cinnabarinus, and the silverleaf whitefly, bemisia tabaci, are serious pests of both field- and greenhouse-grown crops in south-western turkey. control of these pests has been heavily dependent upon chemical pesticides. the objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi (epf) in field populations of t. cinnabarinus and b. tabaci, and to evaluate their pathogenicity against these pests. for this purpose, a surv ...201626929052
highly virulent beauveria bassiana strains against the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae, show no pathogenicity against five phytoseiid mite species.entomopathogenic fungi and predatory mites can independently contribute to suppressing the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch. it is important to assess the risk of possible fungal infections in predators when a combination of them are being considered as a tandem control strategy for suppressing t. urticae. the first part of this study tested 12 beauveria bassiana isolates for virulence in t. urticae. strains scwj-2, sddz-9, lnsz-26, gzgy-1-3 and wlmq-32 were found to be the most ...201627783179
responses to abiotic environmental stresses among phylloplane and soil isolates of beauveria bassiana from two holm oak ecosystems.the response of entomopathogenic mitosporic ascomycete (emas) to abiotic stresses might be adapted to the microhabitats in which they inhabit. in phylloplane, these organisms are more exposed to such stresses than they are in soil, which may have led to adaptation to this environment. in the present work, we investigate whether beauveria bassiana genotype or isolation habitat, i.e., soil or phylloplane, within the same geographic area influences their responses to key environmental stresses, suc ...201627693652
label-free differential proteomics and quantification of exoenzymes from isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus that grows both in vivo and in vitro. in vivo it can colonize live insect hosts, and tissue digestion occurs by secreted hydrolytic exoenzymes. it can also colonize dead insect tissue provided this is free from competing microorganisms. depending on whether the host is alive or dead the expression (quality/quantity) of the exoenzymes may vary. we have grown several isolates of b. bassiana in shaking flasks for 120 h at 25 °c in order to evaluate t ...201627754403
genes involved in virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.pest insects cause severe damage to global crop production and pose a threat to human health by transmitting diseases. traditionally, chemical pesticides (insecticides) have been used to control such pests and have proven to be effective only for a limited amount of time because of the rapid spread of genetic insecticide resistance. the basis of this resistance is mostly caused by (co)dominant mutations in single genes, which explains why insecticide use alone is an unsustainable solution. there ...201626628209
soil application of beauveria bassiana gha against apple sawfly, hoplocampa testudinea (hymenoptera: tenthredinidae): field mortality and fungal persistence.low impact alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of apple sawfly (hoplocampa testudinea klug) are scarce encumbering pest management in organic apple orchards. we investigated the soil persistence and field efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (botanigard) against apple sawfly under common organic orchard practices. we also assessed the efficacy of b. bassiana gha and metarhizium brunneum petch (indigenous strain) against sawfly in the l ...201625959579
a distinctive pattern of beauveria bassiana-biotransformed ginsenoside products triggers mitochondria/fasl-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells.ginseng is one of the most commonly used adaptogens. transformation into the minor ginsenosides produces compounds with more effective action. beauveria bassiana, a teleomorph of cordyceps bassiana, is a highly efficient producer of mammalian steroids and produces large amounts of sugar-utilizing enzymes. however, the fermentation of steroid glycosides in ginseng with b. bassiana has never been studied. thus, we evaluated the bioconversion of the major ginsenosides in white ginseng by b. bassian ...201626609787
[insecticidal and immunosuppressive effect of ascomycete cordyceps militaris on the larvae of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata].the immunosuppressive and insecticidal activity of cultures of the entomopathogenic fungus cordyceps militaris on the larvae of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata has been established for the first time. it was found that the peroral effect of the fungal culture resulted in dose-dependent decrease in survival, delayed in development time and molting, decreases in the total hemocyt counts, increased activity of phenoloxidases in the hemolymph, and reduced activity of the enzyme ...201625731041
the c-terminal mir-containing region in the pmt1 o-mannosyltransferase restrains sporulation and is dispensable for virulence in beauveria bassiana.protein o-mannosyltransferases (pmts) belong to a highly conserved protein family responsible for the initiation of o-glycosylation of many proteins. pmts contain one dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferases (pmt) domain and three mir motifs (mannosyltransferase, inositol triphosphate, and ryanodine receptor) that are essential for activity in yeast. we report that in the insect fungal pathogen, beauveria bassiana, deletion of the c-terminal pmt1 mir-containing region (pmt1∆ (311- ...201727722917
infectivity of housefly, musca domestica (diptera: muscidae) to different entomopathogenic fungi.the housefly musca domestica is a worldwide insect pest that acts as a vector for many pathogenic diseases in both people and animals. the present study was conducted to evaluate the virulence of different local isolates of beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and isaria fumosorosea on m. domestica using two bioassay techniques: (1) adult immersion and (2) a bait method applied to both larvae and adults. the results showed evidence of a broad range of responses by both stages (larvae and a ...201727522925
expression profiling of bombyx mori gloverin2 gene and its synergistic antifungal effect with cecropin a against beauveria bassiana.gloverin2 is a cationic and glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide whose expression can be induced in fat body of silkworm (bombyx mori) larvae exposed to bacteria. the purpose of this study is to identify the roles of bombyx mori gloverin2 (bmgloverin2) during entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana infection. fluorescent quantitative real-time pcr analysis indicated that the relative expression level of bmgloverin2 gene was up-regulated in the silkworm larvae infected by b. bassiana. the cdna o ...201727836665
inhibitory activity of beauveria bassiana and trichoderma spp. on the insect pests xylotrechus arvicola (coleoptera: cerambycidae) and acanthoscelides obtectus (coleoptera: chrisomelidae: bruchinae).xylotrechus arvicola is an important pest in vineyards (vitis vinifera) in the main iberian wine-producing regions, and acanthoscelides obtectus causes severe post-harvest losses in the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris). under laboratory conditions with a spray tower, the susceptibility of the immature stages of x. arvicola and a. obtectus against the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana and four strains of trichoderma spp. was evaluated. both insect pests t. harzianum and b. bassiana showed ...201727933578
metschnikowia cf. typographi and other pathogens from the bark beetle ips sexdentatus - prevalence, histological and ultrastructural evidence, and molecular characterization.ips sexdentatus (six-spined engraver beetle) from austria and poland were dissected and examined for the presence of pathogens. specimens collected in austria were found to contain the ascomycetous fungus metschnikowia cf. typographi. infection rates ranged from 3.6% to 26.8% at different collection sites. m. cf. typographi infected midguts were investigated by histological, ultrastructural and molecular techniques. extraordinary ultrastructural details are shown, such as ascospores with bilater ...201727914926
identification of a hemolin protein from actias selene mediates immune response to pathogens.hemolins play an important role in development and innate immunity in insects. in this study, a hemolin cdna of 1412bp in actias selene (as-hem) was isolated and its open reading frames (orfs) were 420 amino acid residues. sequence analysis indicated as-hem was homologous to those hemolins from other insects species. the recombinant protein of as-hem was expressed in escherichia coli, and anti-as-hem antibodies were prepared. real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) and western blot results revealed ...201727889557
chitin synthase 1 gene is crucial to antifungal host defense of the model beetle, tribolium castaneum.the importance of the insect cuticle as a primary protective barrier against entomopathogens has long been noted. in the present study, we addressed this issue by utilizing an experimental infection system composed of the model beetle t. castaneum and two entomopathogenic fungal species, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. the pupae were relatively susceptible to these fungi by the natural route of infection, with some refractoriness developed with age, while the adults exhibited much ...201727867018
the stress-responsive and host-oriented role of nonribosomal peptide synthetases in an entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana.beauveria bassiana infects a number of pest species and is known to produce insecticidal substances, such as the nonribosomal peptides (nrps) beauvericin and bassianolide. however, most nrps and their biological roles in b. bassiana remain undiscovered. to identify nrps that potentially contribute to pathogenesis, the 21 predicted nrp synthetases (nrpss) or nrps-like proteins of b. bassiana arsef 2860 were primarily ranked into three functional groups: basic metabolism (7 nrpss), pathogenicity ( ...201727840396
effect of vacuolar atpase subunit h (vmah) on cellular ph, asexual cycle, stress tolerance and virulence in beauveria bassiana.vacuolar atpase (v-atpase) is a conserved multi-subunit protein complex that mediates intracellular acidification in fungi. here we show functional diversity of v-atpase subunit h (bbvmah) in beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungal insect pathogen. deletion of bbvmah resulted in elevated vacuolar ph, increased ca(2+) level in cytosol but not in vacuoles, accelerated culture acidification and reduced accumulation of extracellular ammonia. aerial conidiation and submerged blastospore production w ...201728011319
molecular cloning, bioinformatic analysis, and expression of bombyx mori lebocin 5 gene related to beauveria bassiana infection.a full-length cdna of lebocin 5 (bmleb5) was first cloned from silkworm, bombyx mori, by rapid amplification of cdna ends. the bmleb5 gene is 808 bp in length and the open reading frame encodes a 179-amino acid hydroxyproline-rich peptide. bioinformatic analysis results showed that bmleb5 owns an o-glycosylation site and four rxxr motifs as other lebocins. sequence similarity and phylogenic analysis results indicated that lebocins form a multiple gene family in silkworm as cecropins. quantitativ ...201728194425
regulatory cascade and biological activity of beauveria bassiana oosporein that limits bacterial growth after host death.the regulatory network and biological functions of the fungal secondary metabolite oosporein have remained obscure. beauveria bassiana has evolved the ability to parasitize insects and outcompete microbial challengers for assimilation of host nutrients. a novel zinc finger transcription factor, bbsmr1 (b. bassiana secondary metabolite regulator 1), was identified in a screen for oosporein overproduction. deletion of bbsmr1 resulted in up-regulation of the oosporein biosynthetic gene cluster (ops ...201728193896
effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies (musca domestica) and stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans).the house fly musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae) and stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) are major pests of livestock. biological control is an important tool in an integrated control framework. increased mortality in filth flies has been documented with entomopathogenic fungi, several strains of which are commercially available. three strains of beauveria bassiana (balsamo-crivelli) vuillemin (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae) and one strain of metarhizium brunneum (petch) ( ...201727781284
additive roles of two tps genes in trehalose synthesis, conidiation, multiple stress responses and host infection of a fungal insect pathogen.intracellular trehalose accumulation is relevant to fungal life and pathogenicity. trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps) is known to control the first step of trehalose synthesis, but functions of multiple tps genes in some filamentous fungi are variable. here, we examined the functions of two tps genes (tpsa and tpsb) in beauveria bassiana, a fungal insect pathogen widely applied in arthropod pest control. intracellular tps activity and trehalose content decreased by 71-75 and 72-80% in δtpsa, a ...201728168316
studies on the virome of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana reveal novel dsrna elements and mild hypervirulence.the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana has a wide host range and is used as a biocontrol agent against arthropod pests. mycoviruses have been described in phytopathogenic fungi while in entomopathogenic fungi their presence has been reported only rarely. here we show that 21.3% of a collection of b. bassiana isolates sourced from worldwide locations, harbor dsrna elements. molecular characterization of these elements revealed the prevalence of mycoviruses belonging to the partitiviridae ...201728114361
down-regulation of a chitin synthase a gene by rna interference enhances pathogenicity of beauveria bassiana anu1 against spodoptera exigua (hübner).chitin synthase (chs) is an important enzymatic component, which is required for chitin formation in the cuticles and cuticular linings of other tissues in insects. chss have been divided into two classes, classes a and b, based on their amino acid sequence similarities and functions. class a chs (chs-a) is specifically expressed in the epidermis and related ectodermal cells such as tracheal cells, while class b chs (chs-b) is expressed in gut epithelial cells that produce peritrophic matrices. ...201728094453
variation in virulence of beauveria bassiana and b. pseudobassiana to the pine weevil pissodes nemorensis in relation to mycelium characteristics and virulence genes.entomopathogenic fungi such as beauveria spp. have potential applications in the biocontrol of insect pests but little is known regarding their infectivity to the pine weevil pissodes nemorensis. in this study, five isolates of beauveria pseudobassiana and five isolates of beauveria bassiana were tested for characteristics correlating with virulence on p. nemorensis. isolate uamh301 had the lowest mean lethal concentration value whereas the highest value was obtained with isolate lrc137. growth ...201728089049
the pacc transcription factor regulates secondary metabolite production and stress response, but has only minor effects on virulence in the insect pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.the pacc transcription factor is an important component of the fungal ambient ph-responsive regulatory system. loss of pacc in the insect pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana resulted in an alkaline ph-dependent decrease in growth and ph-dependent increased susceptibility to osmotic (salt, sorbitol) stress and sds. extreme susceptibility to congo red was noted irrespective of ph, and δbbpacc conidia showed subtle increases in uv susceptibility. the δbbpacc mutant showed a reduced ability to acid ...201728083986
characterization of the hog1 mapk pathway in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.high-osmolarity glycerol (hog) pathway required for yeast osmoregulation relies upon the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) hog1 cascade that comprise the mapkkks ssk2/ssk22 and ste11 converging on the mapkk pbs2. here we show a hog1 cascade with the unique mapkkk ssk2 acting in beauveria bassiana. hypersensitivity to high osmolarity and high resistance to fludioxonil fungicide appeared in δssk2, δpbs2 and δhog1 mutants whereas the two hallmark phenotypes were reversed in δste11. increased ...201728076898
delivering beauveria bassiana with electrostatic powder for the control of stored-product beetles.the efficacy of a beauveria bassiana-based formulation (bb38) with entostat, an electrostatically charged powder, was investigated as a surface treatment against cryptolestes ferrugineus, oryzaephilus surinamensis and sitophilus granarius adults. in lab bioassays, the efficacy of bb38 against the aforementioned species was examined on concrete, plywood, steel and ceramic, whereas its residual efficacy against the same species was assessed on concrete and steel in the presence or absence of illum ...201728066976
correlation of cell surface proteins of distinct beauveria bassiana cell types and adaption to varied environment and interaction with the host insect.the insect fungal pathogen beauveria bassiana produces a number of distinct cell types that include aerial conidia, blastospores and haemolymph-derived cells, termed hyphal bodies, to adapt varied environment niches and within the host insect. these cells display distinct biochemical properties and surface structures, and a highly ordered outermost brush-like structure uniquely present on hyphal bodies, but not on any in vitro cells. here, we found that the outermost structure on the hyphal bodi ...201728040530
lethal and sublethal effects of some chemical and biological insecticides on tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) eggs and neonates.tuta absoluta (meyrick) is one of the serious pests of tomatoes. this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of some chemical and biological insecticides on t. absoluta . the insecticides tested were diazinon, dichlorvos, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, abamectin, indoxacarb, bacillus thuringiensis berliner, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, and metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin. sublethal effects for the most effective insecticides ...201728334249
microbial pest control agents: are they a specific and safe tool for insect pest management?microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and fungi) or their bioactive agents can be used as active substances and therefore are referred as microbial pest control agents (mpca). they are used as alternative strategies to chemical insecticides to counteract the development of resistances and to reduce adverse effects on both environment and human health. these natural entomopathogenic agents, which have specific modes of action, are generally considered safer as compared to conventional chemical insect ...201728292241
characterization of the synergistic interaction between beauveria bassiana strain gha and bacillus thuringiensis morrisoni strain tenebrionis applied against colorado potato beetle larvae.studies were undertaken to further characterize the previously identified synergistic activity of bacillus thuringiensis- and beauveria bassiana-based biopesticides against colorado potato beetle (cpb). a flowable concentrate of b. thuringiensis morrisoni strain tenebrionis (bt) (novodor® fc) and a wettable powder of b. bassiana strain gha (bb) (mycotrol® 22wp) were applied against cpb larval populations infesting potato in field plots. novodor fc and an oil-dispersion formulation of bb (mycotro ...201728108175
microbial glycosylation of daidzein, genistein and biochanin a: two new glucosides of biochanin a.biotransformation of daidzein, genistein and biochanin a by three selected filamentous fungi was investigated. as a result of biotransformations, six glycosylation products were obtained. fungus beauveria bassiana converted all tested isoflavones to 4″-o-methyl-7-o-glucosyl derivatives, whereas absidia coerulea and absidia glauca were able to transform genistein and biochanin a to genistin and sissotrin, respectively. in the culture of absidia coerulea, in addition to the sissotrin, the product ...201728054950
upregulation of a trypsin-like serine protease gene in antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae) strains exposed to different pathogens.antheraea pernyi guérin-méneville is used for silk production and as a food resource. its infection by exogenous pathogens, including microsporidia, fungi, bacteria, and virus, can lead to silkworm diseases, causing major economic losses. a trypsin-like serine protease gene (tls) was found in a. pernyi transcriptome data resulting from two different infection experiments. the cdna sequence of aptls was 1,020 bp in length and contained an open reading frame of 774 bp encoding a 257-amino acid pro ...201728369437
crispr/cas9-mediated efficient genome editing via blastospore-based transformation in entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.beauveria bassiana is an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical insecticides against various agricultural insect pests and vectors of human diseases. however, its application has been limited due to slow kill and sensitivity to abiotic stresses. understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and physiological characteristics would facilitate improvement of the fungal performance. loss-of-function mutagenesis is the most powerful tool to characterize gene functions, but it is hampered by t ...201728368054
transcriptomic analysis of two beauveria bassiana strains grown on cuticle extracts of the silkworm uncovers their different metabolic response at early infection stage.beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus which not only widely distributes in the environment but also shows phenotypic diversity. however, the mechanism of pathogenic differences among natural b. bassiana strains has not been revealed at transcriptome-wide level. in the present study, in order to explore the mechanism, two b. bassiana strains with different pathogenicity were isolated from silkworms (bombyx mori l.) and selected to analyze the gene expression of early stage by ...201728359865
highly potent host external immunity acts as a strong selective force enhancing rapid parasite virulence evolution.virulence is often under selection during host-parasite coevolution. in order to increase fitness, parasites are predicted to circumvent and overcome host immunity. a particular challenge for pathogens are external immune systems, chemical defence systems comprised of potent antimicrobial compounds released by prospective hosts into the environment. we carried out an evolution experiment, allowing for coevolution to occur, with the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, and the red flour b ...201728345225
effects of sub-culturing on genetic and physiological parameters in different beauveria bassiana isolates.beauveria bassiana is a fungus which is widely used as a biological insecticide to control a number of economically important insect pests. knowledge of the genetic diversity of the isolates, understanding the underlying nature of these evolutionary phenomena and finding appropriate and simple screening tools play an important role in developing effective biocontrol agents. here, we monitored changes of electrophoretic karyotype of small molecules of extrachromosomal dnas, presumably mitochondri ...201728342852
endophytic fungi alter sucking bug responses to cotton reproductive structures.all plants including cotton host a wide range of microorganisms as endophytes. there is a growing appreciation of the prevalence, ecological significance and management potential of facultative fungal endophytes in protecting plants from pests, pathogens and environmental stressors. hemipteran sucking bugs have emerged as major pests across the us cotton belt, reducing yields directly by feeding on developing reproductive structures and indirectly by vectoring plant pathogens. we used no-choice ...201728328087
susceptibility of insecticide resistant bed bugs (cimex lectularius) to infection by fungal biopesticide.bed bugs are a public health concern, and their incidence is increasing worldwide. bed bug infestations are notoriously difficult to eradicate, further exacerbated by widespread resistance to pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides. this study evaluated the efficacy of the newly developed fungal biopesticide, aprehend™, containing beauveria bassiana, against insecticide-resistant bed bugs.201728321982
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