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functional foods as carriers for synbio®, a probiotic bacteria combination.the popularity of functional foods continues to increase as consumers desire flavorful foods that will fulfil their health needs. among these foods, probiotics may exert positive effects on the composition of gut microbiota and overall health. however, in order to be beneficial, the bacterial cultures have to remain live and active at the time of consumption. the aim of this study was to develop new probiotic food products, such as seasoned cheeses, salami, chocolate and ice-cream with a final p ...201222727086
lactobacillus reuteri protects epidermal keratinocytes from staphylococcus aureus-induced cell death by competitive exclusion.recent studies have suggested that the topical application of probiotic bacteria can improve skin health or combat disease. we have utilized a primary human keratinocyte culture model to investigate whether probiotic bacteria can inhibit staphylococcus aureus infection. evaluation of the candidate probiotics lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730, lactobacillus rhamnosus ac413, and lactobacillus salivarius ucc118 demonstrated that both l. reuteri and l. rhamnosus, but not l. salivarius, reduced s. aur ...201222582077
evaluation of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm encapsulated using a novel impinging aerosol method in fruit food products.this study investigated the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm and their acidification in orange juice at 25°c for nine days and at 4°c over thirty five days of storage. alginate micro beads (10-40 μm) containing the probiotics were produced by a novel dual aerosol method of alginate and cacl(2) cross linking solution. unencapsulated l. rhamnosus gg was found to have excellent survivability in orange juice at both tempera ...201222633536
[assessment of antagonistic activity in vitro lactobacillus spp. strains againts clostridum difficile strains isolated from gastrointestinal tract of patients hospitalized in three hospitals in region mazovia].the aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of lactobacillus strains against clinical c. difficile strains isolated from faecal samples of adults patients with diarrhea. a total 61 strains of c. difficile randomly selected isolated in the period 2007-2008 from the gastrointestinal tract of hospitalized patients in three hospitals province mazovia, poland. to determination of antagonistic activity ofprobiotic lactobacillus spp. strains used four reference strains: lactobacillu ...201223072055
comparison of the kinetics of intestinal colonization by associating 5 probiotic bacteria assumed either in a microencapsulated or in a traditional, uncoated form.beneficial findings concerning probiotics are increasing day by day. however, one of the most important parameters able to significantly affect the probiotic value of a microorganism is its survival during the transit through the stomach and the duodenum. some techniques may be applied that aim to improve this parameter, but microencapsulation of bacterial cells remains one of the most important. a recent study assessed the kinetics of intestinal colonization by a mixture of 2 probiotic strains, ...201222955366
cost/benefit of synbiotics in acute infectious gastroenteritis: spend to save.the cost/benefit ratio of probiotics in the ambulatory treatment of acute infectious gastro-enteritis with or without a synbiotic food supplement (containing fructo-oligosaccharides and probiotic strains of streptoccoccus thermophilus, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium lactis and bifidobacterium infantis) has been studied. 111 children (median age 37 and 43 months for the synbiotic and placebo group, respectively) with acute infectious gastroenteritis were inclu ...201222835702
vaginal impact of the oral administration of total freeze-dried culture of lcr 35 in healthy women.the use of probiotics in the prevention or treatment of some vaginal infections has been the subject of numerous studies. to assess the presence of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (lcr35) in the vagina after an oral administration, an open randomised pilot study was conducted on 20 healthy women of child-bearing age. materials and methods. 2 groups of 10 women were given a 28-day oral course, that is, at least 108 cfu/day (group 1) or 2 × 108 cfu/day (group 2) of lcr35. nugent score and vaginal sc ...201222701297
analysis of the peptidoglycan hydrolase complement of lactobacillus casei and characterization of the major γ-d-glutamyl-l-lysyl-endopeptidase.peptidoglycan (pg) is the major component of gram positive bacteria cell wall and is essential for bacterial integrity and shape. bacteria synthesize pg hydrolases (pghs) which are able to cleave bonds in their own pg and play major roles in pg remodelling required for bacterial growth and division. our aim was to identify the main pghs in lactobacillus casei bl23, a lactic acid bacterium with probiotic properties.the pgh complement was first identified in silico by amino acid sequence similarit ...201222384208
manufacture of fior di latte cheese by incorporation of probiotic lactobacilli.this work aimed to select heat-resistant probiotic lactobacilli to be added to fior di latte (high-moisture cow milk mozzarella) cheese. first, 18 probiotic strains belonging to lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and lactobacillus reuteri were screened. resistance to heating (65 or 55°c for 10 min) varied markedly between strains. adaptation at 42°c for 10 min increased the heat resistance at ...201222281315
efficacy and safety profile of lcr35 complete freeze-dried culture in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind study.to assess the effects and safety of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus lcr35 complete freeze-dried culture (lcr35) in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (ibs).201222563194
functional analysis of the lactobacillus casei bl23 sortases.sortases are a class of enzymes that anchor surface proteins to the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. lactobacillus casei bl23 harbors four sortase genes, two belonging to class a (srta1 and srta2) and two belonging to class c (srtc1 and srtc2). class c sortases were clustered with genes encoding their putative substrates that were homologous to the spaefg and spacba proteins that encode mucus adhesive pili in lactobacillus rhamnosus gg. twenty-three genes encoding putative sortase substrates ...201223042174
glutamine synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase are adhesive moonlighting proteins of lactobacillus crispatus released by epithelial cathelicidin ll-37.glutamine synthetase (gs) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (gpi) were identified as novel adhesive moonlighting proteins of lactobacillus crispatus st1. both proteins were bound onto the bacterial surface at acidic phs, whereas a suspension of the cells to ph 8 caused their release into the buffer, a pattern previously observed with surface-bound enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of l. crispatus. the ph shift was associated with a rapid and transient increase in cell ...201222389474
synergistic effect between two bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by lactobacilli strains with inhibitory activity for streptococcus agalactiae.group b streptococci (gbs) are bacterial species that colonize the vagina in pregnant women and as such may cause serious infections in neonates that passed through the birth channel. the objective of this work was to study the inhibitory activities produced by each bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) of lactobacillus rhamnosus l60 and lactobacillus fermentum l23, and the effects of the combined blis-es of these lactobacilli on gbs. the interactions between the blis-es were assessed by ...201222231454
anti-diabetic effects of lactic acid bacteria in normal and type 2 diabetic mice.the antidiabetic effects of lactic acid bacteria were investigated using mice. in experiment 1, normal icr mice were loaded with sucrose or starch with or without viable lactobacillus rhamnosus gg cells. gg significantly inhibited postprandial blood glucose levels when administered with sucrose or starch. in experiment 2, kk-a(y) mice, a model of genetic type 2 diabetes, were given a basal diet containing viable gg cells or viable lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus cells for 6 weeks. vi ...201222962525
inventory of non starter lactic acid bacteria from ripened parmigiano reggiano cheese as assessed by a culture dependent multiphasic approach.the objective of this study was to investigate microbial species diversity and strain complexity of the cultivable non starter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) occurring in 31 ripened parmigiano reggiano (pr) cheeses. dereplication of 127 lactobacilli isolates by (gtg)(5)-pcr fingerprinting yielded a total of 51 genotypes. phylogenetic relatedness of all the genotypes with known lactobacillus species was determined by a novel combined amplified 16s rdna restriction analysis (16s-ardra), species-spec ...201222626626
regulation of tlr4, p38 mapkinase, iκb and mirnas by inactivated strains of lactobacilli in human dendritic cells.strain specific properties of probiotics in providing supportive health effects in the immune system and the gastrointestinal tract have been widely investigated in vivo and in vitro. however, the underlying responsible mechanism is poorly described. by unravelling the probiotic-induced responses in a complex network of interacting signalling pathways, we investigated the effect of heat-inactivated lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (l.del) on the ex ...201222476320
isolation of potential probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus strains from traditional fermented mare milk produced in sumbawa island of indonesia.to explore potential probiotics in the traditional foods of indonesia, fermented mare milk produced in sumbawa island was investigated in this study. gram stain, catalase activity, gas production, cell morphology, carbohydrate utilization pattern, and 16s rdna sequencing were performed to identify isolated lactic acid bacteria. to assess their probiotic ability, tolerance of low ph, bile salts, artificial gastrointestinal fluids, and adhesion properties to extracellular matrices, were examined. ...201223047104
antifungal activity of two lactobacillus strains with potential probiotic properties.aflatoxin (highly toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by fungi) contamination is a serious problem worldwide. modern agriculture and animal production systems need to use high-quality and mycotoxin-free feedstuffs. the use of microorganisms to preserve food has gained importance in recent years due to the demand for reduced use of chemical preservatives by consumers. lactic acid bacteria are known to produce various antimicrobial compounds that are considered to be important in ...201222497448
dietary sugar utilisation by putative oral probiotics.probiotic consumption and repeated probiotic intake have shown promising results as adjunct therapies in prevention and alleviation of some chronic disease conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. recent evidence suggests that probiotics may also be beneficial in preventing oral diseases. an efficient probiotic candidate in the mouth, however, should not impose any risk to oral tissues, such as acid demineralisation of tooth enamel because of sugar fermentation. the aim of the present in vitro ...201222968411
significant effect of ca2+ on improving the heat resistance of lactic acid bacteria.the heat resistance of lactic acid bacteria (lab) has been extensively investigated due to its highly practical significance. reconstituted skim milk (rsm) has been found to be one of the most effective protectant wall materials for microencapsulating microorganisms during convective drying, such as spray drying. in addition to proteins and carbohydrate, rsm is rich in calcium. it is not clear which component is critical in the rsm protection mechanism. this study investigated the independent ef ...201323617813
diversity and dynamic of lactic acid bacteria strains during aging of a long ripened hard cheese produced from raw milk and undefined natural starter.the aim of this study was to explore diversity and dynamic of indigenous lab strains associated with a long ripened hard cheese produced from raw milk and undefined natural starter such as pdo grana padano cheese. samples of milk, curd, natural whey culture and cheeses (2nd, 6th, 9th and 13th months of ripening) were collected from 6 cheese factories in northern italy. dna was extracted from each sample and from 194 lab isolates. trna(ala)-23s rdna-rflp was applied to identify isolates. strain d ...201324010599
effect of chestnut extract and chestnut fiber on viability of potential probiotic lactobacillus strains under gastrointestinal tract conditions.the main challenge to probiotics, during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract, are the acidic gastric secretions of the stomach, and the bile salts released into the duodenum. the survival of the strains, in this phase, is strongly influenced by the food used for their delivery. this work is part of a project studying the development of novel food processes, based on the use of chestnuts from cultivar "castagna di montella". in detail, the effect of indigestible chestnut fiber and of ...201324010594
effect of buckwheat flour and oat bran on growth and cell viability of the probiotic strains lactobacillus rhamnosus imc 501®, lactobacillus paracasei imc 502® and their combination synbio®, in synbiotic fermented milk.fermented foods have a great significance since they provide and preserve large quantities of nutritious foods in a wide diversity of flavors, aromas and texture, which enrich the human diet. originally fermented milks were developed as a means of preserving nutrients and are the most representatives of the category. the first aim of this study was to screen the effect of buckwheat flour and oat bran as prebiotics on the production of probiotic fiber-enriched fermented milks, by investigating th ...201324140807
the effect of growth media and physical treatments on the adhesion properties of canine probiotics.the manufacturing processes have been reported to influence the properties of probiotics with potential impact on health properties. the aim was to investigate the effect of different growth media and inactivation methods on the properties of canine-originated probiotic bacteria alone and in combination mixture.201323617818
not only osmoprotectant: betaine increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and l-lactate production in lactobacilli.lactobacilli are commonly used for industrial production of polymer-grade l-lactic acid. the present study tested the tween 80 alternative betaine in l-lactate production by several industrial lactobacilli. in flask fermentation of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus lactis and lactobacillus rhamnosus, the betaine addition (2g/l) had similar osmoprotectant effect with tween 80 but had increased the lactate dehydrogenase activities and l-lactate production than tween 80 con ...201324035452
synbiotic impact of tagatose on viability of lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg mediated by the phosphotransferase system (pts).synbiotics, the combination of prebiotics and probiotics, has been shown to produce synergistic effects that promote gastrointestinal well-being of host. tagatose is a low calorie food ingredient with putative health-promoting benefits. herein, we investigated its synbiotic impact on the viability of lactobacillus casei 01 and lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg and the potential mechanism involved. tagatose, as a synbiotic substrate, enhanced the growth of l. casei 01 and l. rhamnosus strain gg c ...201323764214
oral administration of lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus oll1073r-1 suppresses inflammation by decreasing interleukin-6 responses in a murine model of atopic dermatitis.the oral intake of lactobacillus spp. can provide beneficial effects to the host by modulating the immune response. atopic dermatitis (ad) is an allergic inflammatory disease mediated by various immune responses. in this study, we examined the effect of a lactobacillus strain, lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus oll1073r-1 (oll1073r-1), on ad development in a murine model of ad that was developed by the topical application of mite antigen in nc/nga mice. the oral intake of heat-killed oll1 ...201323548305
stable integration and expression of heterologous genes in several lactobacilli using an integration vector constructed from the integrase and attp sequences of phage φat3 isolated from lactobacillus casei atcc 393.an integration vector capable of stably integrating and maintaining in the chromosomes of several lactobacilli over hundreds of generations has been constructed. the major integration machinery used is based on the φat3 integrase (int) and attp sequences determined previously. a novel core sequence located at the 3' end of the trna(leu) gene is identified in lactobacillus fermentum atcc 14931 as the integration target by the integration vector though most of such sequences found in other lactoba ...201323064454
comparative genomic and functional analysis of lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus strains marketed as probiotics.four lactobacillus strains were isolated from marketed probiotic products, including l. rhamnosus strains from vifit (friesland campina) and idoform (ferrosan) and l. casei strains from actimel (danone) and yakult (yakult honsa co.). their genomes and phenotypes were characterized and compared in detail with l. casei strain bl23 and l. rhamnosus strain gg. phenotypic analysis of the new isolates indicated differences in carbohydrate utilization between l. casei and l. rhamnosus strains, which co ...201323315726
fermentation of sugars and sugar alcohols by plaque lactobacillus strains.the objective was to analyse the ability of lactobacillus strains isolated from supragingival plaque of subjects with hyposalivation and from healthy controls to ferment sugars and sugar alcohols.201322956128
genome sequence of the probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus (formerly lactobacillus casei) lock900.lactobacillus rhamnosus lock900 fulfills the criteria required for probiotic strains. in this study, we report a whole-genome sequence of this isolate and compare it with other l. rhamnosus complete genome sequences already published.201323950137
nonstarter lactic acid bacteria volatilomes produced using cheese components.in long-ripened cheese, flavor formation occurs during ripening. the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria (lab) leads to the production of different compounds that contribute to the flavor of cheese. the contribution of lab to the formation of cheese flavor has previously been studied. however, the specific nonstarter lab (nslab) metabolic reactions in ripened cheese that lead to the formation of flavor compounds remain unclear. in ripened cheese, the nutrient sources available include small pepti ...201323684038
dynamics and rrna transcriptional activity of lactococci and lactobacilli during cheddar cheese ripening.cheddar cheese is a complex ecosystem where both the bacterial population and the cheese making process contribute to flavor and texture development. the aim of this study was to use molecular methods to evaluate the impact of milk heat treatment and ripening temperature on starter lactococci and non-starter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) throughout ripening of cheddar cheese. eight cheddar cheese batches were manufactured (four with thermized and four with pasteurized milk) and ripened at 4, 7 an ...201323850855
effects of three-month intake of synbiotic on inflammation and body composition in the elderly: a pilot study.we hypothesize that improvements in the gut microbiota are capable of ameliorating gut permeability and, consequently, reducing systemic inflammation and the risk of frailty. this study aims to evaluate some effects of synbiotic supplementation on inflammatory markers and the body composition of the elderly at risk of frailty. in a double-blind study that lasted three months, 17 elderly individuals fulfilling one frailty criteria (grip strength) were randomly distributed into two groups: syn (n ...201323595135
alleviating effects of lactobacillus strains on pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in the mouse model.the aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic effects of lactobacillus strains against vibrio parahaemolyticus causing gastroenteritis. six-week-old icr mice were pretreated with four lactobacillus strains at three dosages, and then challenged with v. parahaemolyticus tgqx01 (serotype o3:k6). the results showed that v. parahaemolyticus tgqx01 caused severe intestinal fluid accumulation (fa) and villi damage in control mice which were pretreated with phosphate-buffered saline. in contrast, ...201323210909
double-blind, randomised clinical assay to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in preterm newborns weighing less than 1500 g in the prevention of necrotising enterocolitis.a randomised, double-blind clinical trial was undertaken in order to assess the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of necrotising enterocolitis (nec) in newborns weighing <1500 g.201322556209
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg antagonizes giardia intestinalis induced oxidative stress and intestinal disaccharidases: an experimental study.the present study describes the in vivo modulatory potential of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg), an effective probiotic, in giardia intestinalis-infected balb/c mice. experimentally, it was observed that oral administration of lactobacilli prior or simultaneous with giardia trophozoites to mice, efficiently (p < 0.05) reduced both the severity and duration of giardiasis. more specifically, probiotics fed, giardia-infected mice, showed a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants [reduce ...201323361971
[lactobacillus rhamnosus gg supplementation to reduce side-effects of anti-helicobacter pylori treatment].helicobacter pylori (hp) eradication fails in about 10% of patients because of the occurrence of resistance to antibiotics and side-effects. during anti h.pylori therapy, probiotics have been used to reduce the incidence of side-effects.201323838939
effects of early prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on development of gut microbiota and fussing and crying in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.to evaluate the impact of early prebiotic and probiotic intervention on preterm infants' well-being, crying, growth, and microbiological programming.201323915796
a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial on probiotics in small bowel bacterial overgrowth in children treated with omeprazole.to evaluate the incidence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (sbbo) in children treated with omeprazole, and to test whether probiotics influence the incidence.201323796359
[probiotic monotherapy of bacterial vaginosis: a open, randomized trial].the aim of the current research is to establish the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the therapy with local probiotics in the treatment of anaerobic vaginal infections and the therapy's effect upon vaginal flora.201324294744
influence of fructooligosaccharides on the fermentation profile and viable counts in a symbiotic low fat milk.this study evaluated the effects of prebiotics on fermentation profile and growth of lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and bifidobacterium lactis in co-cultures with streptococcus thermophilus. acidification rate and viability were positively influenced by the co-culture with b. lactis and by both inulin or oligofructose in low fat milk.201324294233
[efficacy of combined 5-nitroimidazole and probiotic therapy of bacterial vaginosis: randomized open trial].the aim of the current research is to identify the clinical and microbiological effect of 5-nitroimidazol therapy for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis and in combination with probiotics and the influence of such therapy upon vaginal flora.201324283058
reduction in cholesterol absorption in caco-2 cells through the down-regulation of niemann-pick c1-like 1 by the putative probiotic strains lactobacillus rhamnosus bfe5264 and lactobacillus plantarum nr74 from fermented foods.hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor related to atherosclerosis, and it may be influenced by our diet. this study addresses the impact of lactobacillus rhamnosus bfe5264 (isolated from maasai fermented milk) and lactobacillus plantarum nr74 (from korean kimchi) on the control of cholesterol absorption through down-regulation of niemann-pick c1-like 1 (npc1l1) expression. caco-2 enterocytes were treated with the live, heat-killed (hk) bacteria, bacterial cell wall extracts and metabolites ...201322816655
the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus bfe5264 and lactobacillus plantarum nr74 promote cholesterol efflux and suppress inflammation in thp-1 cells.the balance between the rate of cholesterol uptake/accumulation and the rate of cholesterol efflux is reflected in the amount of lipid accumulation in macrophages. based upon the fact that liver x receptors (lxrs) play a role in cholesterol efflux, we studied the effects of probiotics on cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory action in macrophages. we confirmed changes in lxr expression by treatment of lxr-transfected cho-k1 cells with lactic acid bacteria (lab), and co-cultured thp-1 cells wi ...201322806829
utilization of lactic acid bacterial genes in synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 in the production of lactic acid.metabolic pathway engineering of cyanobacteria for the production of industrially important chemicals from atmospheric co2 has generated interest recently. here, we engineered synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 to produce lactic acid using a lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene from various lactic acid-producing bacteria, lactococcus lactis (ldhb and ldhx), lactobacillus plantarum (ldhl and ldh), and lactobacillus rhamnosus (ldhl). the lactic acid was secreted outside the cell using a transporter (lldp) gen ...201323649263
selection of lactic acid bacteria to promote an efficient silage fermentation capable of inhibiting the activity of aspergillus parasiticus and fusarium gramineraum and mycotoxin production.to select lactic acid bacteria with potential silage inoculant properties. the bio-control activity against mycotoxicogenic fungi and the presence of antibiotics resistance gene were also evaluated.201323437822
ability of lactobacillus rhamnosus gaf01 to remove afm1 in vitro and to counteract afm1 immunotoxicity in vivo.aflatoxin m1 (afm1) has been detected in many parts of the world both in raw milk and many dairy products, causing great economic losses and human disease. unfortunately, there are few studies dealing with afm1 immunotoxicity/interactions with lactic acid bacteria for potential application as a natural preventive agent. the aim of this study was to isolate (from dairy products) food-grade probiotic bacteria able to degrade/bind afm1 in vitro and evaluate whether the same organism(s) could impart ...201323030351
microbial origin of non proteolytic aminoacyl derivatives in long ripened cheeses.cheese ripening involves a complex series of biochemical events that contribute to the development of each cheese characteristic taste, aroma and texture. proteolysis, which has been the subject of active research in the last decade, is the most complex of these biochemical events. however, also aminoacyl derivates of non-proteolytic origin (γ-glutamyl-amino acids and lactoyl-amino acids) with interesting sensory properties have been identified in cheeses. in the present work, an enzymatic activ ...201323664262
immune signalling responses in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to pathogenic escherichia coli and lactic acid-producing probiotics.enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 and adherent-invasive escherichia coli are two groups of enteric bacterial pathogens associated with haemorrhagic colitis and crohn's disease, respectively. bacterial contact with host epithelial cells stimulates an immediate innate immune response designed to combat infection. in this study, immune responses of human epithelial cells to pathogens, either alone or in combination with probiotic bacteria were studied. industrially prepared lactobacillus ...201323443951
induced apoptosis of th2 lymphocytes and inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation by combined lactic acid bacteria treatment.several lactic acid bacteria (lab) demonstrably regulate the immune system and inhibit allergic disease. this study examined whether oral feeding of either lactobacillus paracasei (l. paracasei) bb5 and/or lactobacillus rhamnosus (l. rhamnosus) bb1 suppresses ovalbumin (ova)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and inflammation in a murine model. ova-specific immune responses, cell profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf), and airway ahr were assessed following ova and methacholine cha ...201323142092
efficacy of orally applied probiotic capsules for bacterial vaginosis and other vaginal infections: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.to assess the efficacy of orally administered capsules containing the probiotics lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 (lactogyn, jgl, rijeka, croatia) compared to placebo in otherwise healthy women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis.201323395559
spatiotemporal maps reveal regional differences in the effects on gut motility for lactobacillus reuteri and rhamnosus strains.commensal bacteria such as probiotics that are neuroactive acutely affect the amplitudes of intestinal migrating motor complexes (mmcs). what is lacking for an improved understanding of these motility effects are region specific measurements of velocity and frequency. we have combined intraluminal pressure recordings with spatiotemporal diameter maps to analyze more completely effects of different strains of beneficial bacteria on motility.201323316914
recovery of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in tonsil tissue after oral administration: randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.the present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether consumption of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (gg) would lead to the recovery of gg in tonsil tissue. after 3 weeks’ daily consumption of gg as a single strain (n 20), gg as a part of a multispecies combination (n 17) or placebo (n 20), tonsil tissue samples were collected from fifty-seven young adults during tonsillectomy due to chronic or recurrent tonsillitis. strain-specific real-time pcr ...201323092692
growth optimization of lactobacillus rhamnosus ftdc 8313 and the production of putative dermal bioactives in the presence of manganese and magnesium ions.the study aimed to optimize the growth and evaluate the production of putative dermal bioactives from lactobacillus rhamnosus ftdc 8313 using response surface methodology, in the presence of divalent metal ions, namely manganese and magnesium.201323082775
characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolates and their inoculating effects on the silage fermentation at high temperature.thermotolerant strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) were screened for their suitability for silage making at high temperatures. four selected strains were identified by 16s rrna sequencing analyses and added to unwilted and wilted italian ryegrass for ensiling at 45°c. all four strains (ht1, ht2, ht3 and ht4) grew at 50°c and ph 4·0. strains ht1 and ht2 were identified as lactobacillus rhamnosus; ht3 and ht4 were identified as lact. fermentum. strains ht1 and ht2 were the most effective at impr ...201323106758
lipoteichoic acid from lactobacillus rhamnosus gg as an oral photoprotective agent against uv-induced carcinogenesis.probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. cell surface molecules of these micro-organisms are being studied in relation to their ability to interact with the host. the cell wall of lactobacilli possesses lipoteichoic acids (lta) which are molecules with immunomodulatory properties. uv radiation (uvr) has been proposed as the main cause of skin cancer because of its mutagenic and immunosuppressive effects. photoprotection w ...201322874095
lactobacillus bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a pediatric patient with ulcerative colitis.probiotic strains of lactobacillus are currently used in a variety of clinical practices with limited evidence to support their use. lactobacillus species are a normal part of gastrointestinal flora, and bacteremia with probiotic strains of lactobacillus is very uncommon. we describe a case of lactobacillus bacteremia in a 17-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis managed with systemic corticosteroids and infliximab, who presented with fever to 102°f, flushing, and chills 1 week after starting lac ...201323426446
neonatal supplementation of processed supernatant from lactobacillus rhamnosus gg improves allergic airway inflammation in mice later in life.oral supplementation with probiotic bacteria can protect against the development of allergic and inflammatory diseases.201323414544
draft genome sequences of two clinical isolates of lactobacillus rhamnosus from initial stages of dental pulp infection.here we report the draft genomic sequences of two clinical isolates of lactobacillus rhamnosus from infected dental pulps representing the initial stages of infection of pulp tissue. based on 454 flx+ pyrosequencing, the two clinical isolates infecting vital pulp had a genome length of 2.9 mbp with distinct genomic signatures.201323405363
genome instability in lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.we describe here a comparative genome analysis of three dairy product isolates of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and the atcc 53103 reference strain to the published genome sequence of l. rhamnosus gg. the analysis showed that in two of three isolates, major dna segments were missing from the genomic islands lggisl1,2. the deleted dna segments consist of 34 genes in one isolate and 84 genes in the other and are flanked by identical insertion elements. among the missing genes are the spacba gen ...201323354703
microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease.deviations in composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota in infancy have been associated with both the development and recurrence of atopic eczema. thus, we decided to use a deep and global microarray-based method to characterize the diversity and temporal changes of the intestinal microbiota in infancy and to define specific bacterial signatures associated with eczema. faecal microbiota at 6 and 18 months of age were analysed from 34 infants (15 with eczema and 19 healthy controls) sele ...201323339708
metagenomic analyses of alcohol induced pathogenic alterations in the intestinal microbiome and the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg treatment.enteric dysbiosis plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ald). detailed characterization of the alterations in the gut microbiome is needed for understanding their pathogenic role in ald and developing effective therapeutic approaches using probiotic supplementation. mice were fed liquid lieber-decarli diet without or with alcohol (5% v/v) for 6 weeks. a subset of mice were administered the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) from 6 to 8 weeks. indicators ...201323326376
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg improves insulin sensitivity and reduces adiposity in high-fat diet-fed mice through enhancement of adiponectin production.recently, a probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) has shown several beneficial effects, including improved insulin sensitivity. to clarify the mechanism underlying the insulin-sensitizing effect of lgg, mice were orally administrated with lgg for 13 weeks, and their body weight, insulin sensitivity, and expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism were examined. lgg-treated mice showed attenuated weight gain and enhanced insulin sensitivity in high fat diet group, while no ch ...201323313485
probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and aloe vera gel improve lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats.the effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and aloe vera (av) gel on lipid profiles in rats with induced hypercholesterolemia were studied.201323287067
effects of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii js supplementation on intestinal and systemic markers of inflammation in apoe*3leiden mice consuming a high-fat diet.a high-fat diet disturbs the composition and function of the gut microbiota and generates local gut-associated and also systemic responses. intestinal mast cells, for their part, secrete mediators which play a role in the orchestration of physiological and immunological functions of the intestine. probiotic bacteria, again, help to maintain the homeostasis of the gut microbiota by protecting the gut epithelium and regulating the local immune system. in the present study, we explored the effects ...201323211714
fermentative l-(+)-lactic acid production from non-sterilized rice washing drainage containing rice bran by a newly isolated lactic acid bacteria without any additions of nutrients.a newly isolated lactic acid producing bacterium lactobacillus rhamnosus m-23, from a rice washing drainage storage tank was found to produce l-(+)-lactic acid from a non-sterilized mixture of rice washing drainage and rice bran without any additions of nutrients under the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) process. the maximum lactate yield attained was 59 g/l with a productivity of 1.23 g/l/h and a product optical purity of 95% corresponding to a conversion of 0.85 g of lacti ...201323200415
psychoactive bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus (jb-1) elicits rapid frequency facilitation in vagal afferents.mounting evidence supports the influence of the gut microbiome on the local enteric nervous system and its effects on brain chemistry and relevant behavior. vagal afferents are involved in some of these effects. we previously showed that ingestion of the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus rhamnosus (jb-1) caused extensive neurochemical changes in the brain and behavior that were abrogated by prior vagotomy. because information can be transmitted to the brain via primary afferents encoded as neuro ...201323139216
integrated production of lactic acid and biomass on distillery stillage.the possibilities of parallel lactic acid and biomass production in batch and fed-batch fermentation on distillery stillage from bioethanol production were studied. the highest lactic acid yield and productivity of 92.3 % and 1.49 g l(-1) h(-1) were achieved in batch fermentation with initial sugar concentration of 55 g l(-1). a significant improvement of the process was achieved in fed-batch fermentation where the concentration of lactic acid was increased to 47.6 % and volumetric productivity ...201323114502
the role of vaginal lactobacillus rhamnosus (normogin®) in preventing bacterial vaginosis in women with history of recurrences, undergoing surgical menopause: a prospective pilot study.bacterial vaginosis (bv), a poly-microbial clinical syndrome, is the most common cause of vaginal symptoms among women. the recurrence rate of bv is up to 30% after traditional antimicrobial therapy. lactobacillus rhamnosus vaginal tablets have demonstrated to be a reliable topical effective and safe treatment to reduce the bv recurrence rate.201323740456
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg supplementation for preventing respiratory infections in children: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.to systematically review the effectiveness of administering lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) for preventing respiratory infections in children.201323665598
associations between the human intestinal microbiota, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and serum lipids indicated by integrated analysis of high-throughput profiling data.accumulating evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiota regulates our physiology and metabolism. bacteria marketed as probiotics confer health benefits that may arise from their ability to affect the microbiota. here high-throughput screening of the intestinal microbiota was carried out and integrated with serum lipidomic profiling data to study the impact of probiotic intervention on the intestinal ecosystem, and to explore the associations between the intestinal bacteria and serum lipid ...201323638368
the brain-gut axis: a target for treating stress-related disorders.the brain-gut axis provides a bidirectional means of communication between the microbiota within the gut and the brain. stress acting via the brain can result in alteration of the microbial composition of the gut, but increasing evidence indicates that bacteria within the gut can influence brain neurochemistry and behaviour. it is clear that post-natal colonisation of the gut plays a key role in regulating the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the development of pivotal ...201325224893
spontaneous release of bacteriophage particles by lactobacillus rhamnosus pen.the identification of bacteriophage proteins on the surface of lactobacillus rhamnosus pen was performed by lc-ms/ms analysis. among the identified proteins, we found a phage-derived major tail protein, two major head proteins, a portal protein, and a host specificity protein. electron microscopy of a cell surface extract revealed the presence of phage particles in the analyzed samples. the partial sequence of genes encoding the major tail protein for all tested l. rhamnosus strains was determin ...201323462009
probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg mono-association suppresses human rotavirus-induced autophagy in the gnotobiotic piglet intestine.human rotavirus (hrv) is the most important cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children. probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) reduces rotavirus infection and diarrhea. however, the molecular mechanisms of lgg-mediated protection from rotavirus infection are poorly understood. autophagy plays an essential role in responses to microbial pathogens. however, the role of autophagy in hrv infection and lgg treatment is unknown. we hypothesize that rotavirus gastroenteritis activates a ...201323924832
divergent immunomodulating effects of probiotics on t cell responses to oral attenuated human rotavirus vaccine and virulent human rotavirus infection in a neonatal gnotobiotic piglet disease model.rotaviruses (rvs) are a leading cause of childhood diarrhea. current oral vaccines are not effective in impoverished countries where the vaccine is needed most. therefore, alternative affordable strategies are urgently needed. probiotics can alleviate diarrhea in children and enhance specific systemic and mucosal ab responses, but the t cell responses are undefined. in this study, we elucidated the t cell and cytokine responses to attenuated human rv (atthrv) and virulent human rv (hrv) in gnoto ...201323918983
water sorption properties, molecular mobility and probiotic survival in freeze dried protein-carbohydrate matrices.the moisture uptake and molecular mobility of freeze-dried powders containing whey protein isolate-carbohydrate matrices (1wpi:2maltodextrin; 1wpi:1maltodextrin:1d-glucose; and 1wpi:1maltodextrin:1l-glucose) and encapsulated lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) in these matrices were investigated at 25 °c and 33% and 70% relative humidity (rh). the inactivation rate constant for probiotics in freeze-dried matrices were positively correlated (r(2) = 0.98) to moisture uptake and molecular mobility mea ...201323851914
probiotics and colostrum/milk differentially affect neonatal humoral immune responses to oral rotavirus vaccine.breast milk (colostrum [col]/milk) components and gut commensals play important roles in neonatal immune maturation, establishment of gut homeostasis and immune responses to enteric pathogens and oral vaccines. we investigated the impact of colonization by probiotics, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and bifidobacterium lactis bb12 (bb12) with/without col/milk (mimicking breast/formula fed infants) on b lymphocyte responses to an attenuated (att) human rotavirus (hrv) wa strain vaccine in a neon ...201323453730
spring: an rct study of probiotics in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese women.obesity is increasing in the child-bearing population as are the rates of gestational diabetes. gestational diabetes is associated with higher rates of cesarean section for the mother and increased risks of macrosomia, higher body fat mass, respiratory distress and hypoglycemia for the infant. prevention of gestational diabetes through life style intervention has proven to be difficult. a finnish study showed that ingestion of specific probiotics altered the composition of the gut microbiome and ...201323442391
probiotics and prebiotics in preventing episodes of acute otitis media in high-risk children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.several studies have suggested that probiotics (prob) and/or prebiotics (preb) could reduce the burden of infection in infants and toddlers. we aimed to determine whether follow-up formula supplemented with prob and preb could reduce the risk of acute otitis media (aom).201323429555
immunobiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus improves resistance of infant mice against respiratory syncytial virus infection.previously we showed that orally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 beneficially regulated the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the lungs of poly(i:c)-challenged mice, allowing an effective inflammatory response against the tlr3/rig-i agonist but at the same time reducing tissue damage. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral administration of the crl1505 strain was able to improve resistance against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infectio ...201323838113
applications of lactobacillus rhamnosus spent culture supernatant in cosmetic antioxidation, whitening and moisture retention applications.this study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant, whitening, and moisture-retention properties of lactobacillus rhamnosus spent culture supernatant (lr-scs) in cosmetic applications. results reveal that lr-scs effectively and gradually scavenges 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl as well as 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cations, and increases reducing power in a dose-dependent manner. additionally, lr-scs can also suppress tyrosinase activity in vitro and effecti ...201324248144
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg improves outcome in experimental pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: potential role of regulatory t cells.recent clinical trials show lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) administration in critical illness has the potential to reduce nosocomial infections and improve clinical outcome. however, the mechanism(s) of lgg-mediated benefit following illness and injury remain elusive.201324240593
growth of infants fed formula supplemented with bifidobacterium lactis bb12 or lactobacillus gg: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.growth is an essential outcome measure for evaluating the safety of any new ingredients, including probiotics, added to infant formulae. the aim of this systematic review was to determine the effects of supplementation of infant formulae with bifidobacterium lactis bb12 (b lactis) and/or lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) compared with unsupplemented formula on the growth of healthy infants.201324215626
lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 beneficially modulates the immuno-coagulative response after pneumococcal infection in immunocompromised malnourished mice.this work evaluated the effect of orally or nasally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 on the resistance of immunocompromised protein-malnourished mice to pneumococcal infection. in particular, we aimed to gain knowledge of the mechanism involved in the immunomodulatory effect of l. rhamnosus crl1505 in malnourished hosts by evaluating its impact on the immuno-coagulative response. malnutrition significantly increased lung tissue damage caused by streptococcus pneumoniae infection. lun ...201324102222
probiotic supplementation promotes calcification in danio rerio larvae: a molecular study.a growing number of studies have been showing that dietary probiotics can exert beneficial health effects in both humans and animals. we previously demonstrated that dietary supplementation with lactobacillus rhamnosus - a component of the human gut microflora - enhances reproduction, larval development, and the biomineralization process in danio rerio (zebrafish). the aim of this study was to identify the pathways affected by l. rhamnosus during zebrafish larval development. our morphological a ...201324358259
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg on rotavirus-induced injury of ileal epithelium in gnotobiotic pigs.the aim of this study was to study the effect of continued lactobacillus rhamnosus gg strain (lgg) feeding on rotavirus gastroenteritis in the gnotobiotic (gn) pig model of virulent human rotavirus (hrv) infection.201324280990
draft genome sequence of lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505, an immunobiotic strain used in social food programs in argentina.we report the draft genome sequence of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus strain crl1505. this new probiotic strain has been included into official nutritional programs in argentina. the draft genome sequence is composed of 3,417,633 bp with 3,327 coding sequences.201323950129
nasally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus strains differentially modulate respiratory antiviral immune responses and induce protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection.some studies have shown that nasally administered immunobiotics had the potential to improve the outcome of influenza virus infection. however, the capacity of immunobiotics to improve protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was not investigated before.201323947615
purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the spaa backbone-pilin subunit from probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, a widely used gram-positive probiotic strain, is clinically well known for its perceived health-promoting effects. it has recently been shown to display proteinaceous pilus fibres (called spacba) on its cell surface. structurally, spacba pili possess a characteristic three-pilin polymerized architecture, with repeating spaa major pilins that form the backbone and two types of minor subunits (spab and spac). in this study, recombinant spaa protein was purified, charact ...201324100577
submerged fermentation of lactobacillus rhamnosus ys9 for γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) production.γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system, and its application in drugs and functional foods has attracted great attention. to enhance production of γ-aminobutyric acid, lactobacillus rhamnosus ys9, a strain isolated from chinese traditional fermented food pickled vegetable, was grown under submerged fermentation. its cultivation conditions were investigated. when culture ph condition was adjusted to the optimal ph of glutamate decarboxylase acti ...201324159304
biofilm-like lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics encapsulated in alginate and carrageenan microcapsules exhibiting enhanced thermotolerance and freeze-drying resistance.microcapsules containing high-density biofilm-like lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics, in place of planktonic cells, are developed in order to enhance the cell viability upon exposures to stresses commonly encountered during food lifecycle (i.e., heating, freeze-drying, refrigerated storage, and acid). the high-density (hd) capsules are prepared by in situ cultivation of the planktonic cells in the confined space of polysaccharide-based capsules (i.e., chitosan-coated alginate and carrageenan ca ...201323985031
comparative genomic and functional analysis of 100 lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and their comparison with strain gg.lactobacillus rhamnosus is a lactic acid bacterium that is found in a large variety of ecological habitats, including artisanal and industrial dairy products, the oral cavity, intestinal tract or vagina. to gain insights into the genetic complexity and ecological versatility of the species l. rhamnosus, we examined the genomes and phenotypes of 100 l. rhamnosus strains isolated from diverse sources. the genomes of 100 l. rhamnosus strains were mapped onto the l. rhamnosus gg reference genome. th ...201323966868
lactobacilli and bifidobacteria promote immune homeostasis by modulating innate immune responses to human rotavirus in neonatal gnotobiotic pigs.the effects of co-colonization with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and bifidobacterium lactis bb12 (bb12) on 3-dose vaccination with attenuated hrv and challenge with virulent human rotavirus (virhrv) were assessed in 4 groups of gnotobiotic (gn) pigs: pro+vac (probiotic-colonized/vaccinated), vac (vaccinated), pro (probiotic-colonized, non-vaccinated) and control (non-colonized, non-vaccinated). subsets of pigs were euthanized pre- [post-challenge day (pcd) 0] and post (pcd7)-virhrv challenge ...201324098572
bifidogenic and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides produced by lactobacillus rhamnosus e/n cultivated on different carbon sources.lactobacillus rhamnosus e/n is a probiotic bacterium, which synthesizes exopolysaccharides (eps) with significant bifidogenic and antioxidant activities. the sugar composition of the epss produced depended on carbohydrates used as a carbon source in the growth media. five bifidobacterium strains were tested in vitro for their ability to utilize all the epss studied. the highest bifidogenic activity was revealed by epss obtained from lactobacillus cultures supplemented with gal, lac, and mal as t ...201324053021
probiotics and prebiotics in preventing food allergy and eczema.to describe the current literature on clinical trials of probiotics for eczema and food allergy prevention in view of recent new approaches and long-term follow-ups.201323594506
rapid adoption of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg for acute gastroenteritis.a 2007 meta-analysis showed probiotics, specifically lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg), shorten diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis (age) by 24 hours and decrease risk of progression beyond 7 days. in 2005, our institution published a guideline recommending consideration of probiotics for patients with age, but only 1% of inpatients with age were prescribed lgg. the objective of this study was to increase inpatient prescribing of lgg at admission to >90%, for children hospitalized with age, withi ...201323457156
histamine receptor 2 modifies dendritic cell responses to microbial ligands.the induction of tolerance and protective immunity to microbes is significantly influenced by host- and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as histamine.201323465664
formula selection for management of children with cow's milk allergy influences the rate of acquisition of tolerance: a prospective multicenter study.to prospectively evaluate the effect of different dietary management strategies on the rate of acquisition of tolerance in children with cow's milk allergy (cma).201323582142
inhibition of streptococcus pneumoniae adherence to human epithelial cells in vitro by the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.colonization of the nasopharynx by streptococcus pneumoniae is considered a prerequisite for pneumococcal infections such as pneumonia and otitis media. probiotic bacteria can influence disease outcomes through various mechanisms, including inhibition of pathogen colonization. here, we examine the effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) on s. pneumoniae colonization of human epithelial cells using an in vitro model. we investigated the effects of lgg administered before, at the ...201323561014
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