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clone lineages of grape phylloxera differ in their performance on vitis vinifera.grape phylloxera, daktulosphaira vitifoliae fitch, is an important pest of grapevines (vitis vinifera l.) (vitaceae). the distribution and frequency of phylloxera clone lineages vary within infested regions of australia, suggesting the introduction of separate lineages of d. vitifoliae with host associations. virulence levels of particular phylloxera clones may vary on v. vinifera, but much of this evidence is indirect. in this study, we directly tested the performance of phylloxera clones on v. ...201020482931
correlation of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine to 3-isobutyl-2-hydroxypyrazine during maturation of bell pepper (capsicum annuum) and wine grapes (vitis vinifera).environmental factors affecting degradation of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (ibmp, "green pepper aroma") in wine grapes (v. vinifera) are widely studied, but the degradation pathway is not defined. we hypothesized that ibmp is demethylated to 3-isobutyl-2-hydroxypyrazine (ibhp) during fruit maturation effectively reversing the final putative step of ibmp biosynthesis. a quantification method for ibhp was developed using solid-phase extraction coupled to one- or two-dimensional gas chromatography ...201020707309
2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine in grape berries and its dependence on genotype.2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (mibp) contributes a bell pepper aroma to many grape cultivars and has a reported aroma threshold of ∼2 ng l(-1) in water. the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) develop a procedure using headspace solid phase micro-extraction combined with gc-ms in the selected ion monitoring mode (hs-spme-gc-ms-sim) for analysis of mibp in grape berries, and (2) determine the location of mibp biosynthesis in grapevines by approach grafting clusters of vitis vinifera l. cvs cabe ...201020965529
cohorts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in vitis vinifera, a typical mediterranean fruit crop.in field conditions, grapevine roots normally are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). however, little is published, from either morphological or molecular studies, on the species composition of these symbionts in production vineyards. the amf biodiversity of two piedmont vineyards (at neive and lessona), characterized by different soil features, was investigated by morphological and molecular analyses. several morphotypes were identified from the two vineyard soils. community compos ...201023766230
sequestration of auxin by the indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase gh3-1 in grape berry (vitis vinifera l.) and the proposed role of auxin conjugation during ripening.in fleshy fruit, levels of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), the most abundant auxin, decline towards the onset of ripening. the application of auxins to immature fruit can delay the ripening processes. however, the mechanisms by which the decrease in endogenous iaa concentrations and the maintenance of low auxin levels in maturing fruit are achieved remain elusive. the transcript of a gh3 gene (gh3-1), encoding for an iaa-amido synthetase which conjugates iaa to amino acids, was detected in grape ber ...201020581124
antioxidant activities of curcumin and combinations of this curcuminoid with other phytochemicals.biomedical investigations of curcumin (and curcuminoids) have provided evidence of a wide range of molecular and cellular activities, most related to redox reactions and signal transduction. the main goal of the present study was to compare antioxidant activities of curcumin with those of resveratrol, a polyphenol present in some dietary plants such as vitis vinifera (l.) and arachis hypogaea (l.) and many other, non-dietary plants. combinations of the two were also examined for potential synerg ...201019927272
the vitis vinifera sugar transporter gene family: phylogenetic overview and macroarray expression profiling.in higher plants, sugars are not only nutrients but also important signal molecules. they are distributed through the plant via sugar transporters, which are involved not only in sugar long-distance transport via the loading and the unloading of the conducting complex, but also in sugar allocation into source and sink cells. the availability of the recently released grapevine genome sequence offers the opportunity to identify sucrose and monosaccharide transporter gene families in a woody specie ...201021073695
genome-wide investigation reveals high evolutionary rates in annual model plants.rates of molecular evolution vary widely among species. while significant deviations from molecular clock have been found in many taxa, effects of life histories on molecular evolution are not fully understood. in plants, annual/perennial life history traits have long been suspected to influence the evolutionary rates at the molecular level. to date, however, the number of genes investigated on this subject is limited and the conclusions are mixed. to evaluate the possible heterogeneity in evolu ...201021062446
molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the sieve element occlusion gene family in fabaceae and non-fabaceae plants.the phloem of dicotyledonous plants contains specialized p-proteins (phloem proteins) that accumulate during sieve element differentiation and remain parietally associated with the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in mature sieve elements. wounding causes p-protein filaments to accumulate at the sieve plates and block the translocation of photosynthate. specialized, spindle-shaped p-proteins known as forisomes that undergo reversible calcium-dependent conformational changes have evolved ex ...201020932300
a draft physical map of a d-genome cotton species (gossypium raimondii).genetically anchored physical maps of large eukaryotic genomes have proven useful both for their intrinsic merit and as an adjunct to genome sequencing. cultivated tetraploid cottons, gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense, share a common ancestor formed by a merger of the a and d genomes about 1-2 million years ago. toward the long-term goal of characterizing the spectrum of diversity among cotton genomes, the worldwide cotton community has prioritized the d genome progenitor gossypium raimondii ...201020569427
comparative sequence analyses indicate that coffea (asterids) and vitis (rosids) derive from the same paleo-hexaploid ancestral genome.the complete sequence of vitis vinifera revealed that the rosid clade derives from a hexaploid ancestor. at present, no analysis of complete genome sequence is available for an asterid, the other large eudicot clade, which includes the economically important species potato, tomato and coffee. to elucidate the genomic history of asterids, we compared the sequence of an 800 kb region of diploid coffea genome to the orthologous regions of v. vinifera, populus trichocarpa and arabidopsis thaliana. w ...201020361338
cop: a database for characterizing co-expressed gene modules with biological information in plants.using a large dataset (10 022 assays) obtained from public plant microarray databases, we developed the cop database for associating co-expressed gene modules with biological information such as gene ontology terms and, if available, metabolic pathway names. the confeito algorithm developed previously in our laboratory, which is suitable to calculate the interconnectivity between genes in co-expressed gene network, was applied to extract co-expressed gene modules. the database includes the gene ...201020305269
identification of shared single copy nuclear genes in arabidopsis, populus, vitis and oryza and their phylogenetic utility across various taxonomic levels.although the overwhelming majority of genes found in angiosperms are members of gene families, and both gene- and genome-duplication are pervasive forces in plant genomes, some genes are sufficiently distinct from all other genes in a genome that they can be operationally defined as 'single copy'. using the gene clustering algorithm mcl-tribe, we have identified a set of 959 single copy genes that are shared single copy genes in the genomes of arabidopsis thaliana, populus trichocarpa, vitis vin ...201020181251
low level of polymorphism in two putative npr1 homologs in the vitaceae family.grapevine is subjected to numerous pests and diseases resulting in the use of phytochemicals in large quantities. the will to decrease the use of phytochemicals leads to attempts to find alternative strategies, implying knowledge of defence mechanisms. numerous studies have led to the identification of signalling pathways and regulatory elements involved in defence in various plant species. nonexpressor of pathogenesis related 1 (npr1) is an important regulatory component of systemic acquired re ...201020137081
isolation of wdr and bhlh genes related to flavonoid synthesis in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.).anthocyanins and tannins are two of the most abundant flavonoids found in grapevine, and their synthesis is derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. as described for model species such as arabidopsis thaliana, maize and petunia, the end-point branches of this pathway are tightly regulated by the combinatorial interaction of three families of regulatory factors; myb, bhlh (also known as myc) and wdr proteins. among these, only myb genes have been previously identified in grapes. here, we report ...201020112051
genome-wide analysis of ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression motif-containing transcriptional regulators in arabidopsis.the ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (ear) motif is a transcriptional regulatory motif identified in members of the ethylene-responsive element binding factor, c2h2, and auxin/indole-3-acetic acid families of transcriptional regulators. sequence comparison of the core ear motif sites from these proteins revealed two distinct conservation patterns: lxlxl and dlnxxp. proteins containing these motifs play key roles in diverse biological functions by negat ...201020097792
duplication of the class i cytosolic small heat shock protein gene and potential functional divergence revealed by sequence variations flanking the {alpha}-crystallin domain in the genus rhododendron (ericaceae).positive selection in the -crystallin domain (acd) of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (cpshsp) gene was found in a previous study and was suggested to be related to the ecological adaptation of rhododendron species in the subgenus hymenanthes. consequently, it was of interest to examine whether gene duplication and subsequent divergence have occurred in other shsp genes, for example class i cytosolic shsp genes (ct1shsps) in rhododendron in taiwan, where many endemic species have evolve ...201019887471
determination and imaging of metabolites from vitis vinifera leaves by laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.analysis of grapevine phytoalexins at the surface of vitis vinifera leaves has been achieved by laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ldi-tofms) without matrix deposition. this simple and rapid sampling method was successfully applied to map small organic compounds at the surface of grapevine leaves. it was also demonstrated that the laser wavelength is a highly critical parameter. both 266 and 337 nm laser wavelengths were used but the 266 nm wavelength gave increased sp ...201020049886
[multicentric study on a topical compound with lymph-draining action in the treatment of the phlebostatic ulcer of the inferior limbs].phlebostatic sore of the lower limbs is a typical chronic venous insufficiency complication and is still a widely controversial issue in its treatment. the common therapies, in fact, are not yet standardized and they not show complete efficacy. since 2005 to 2007 a multicentric clinical trial was conducted at the plastic and reconstructive surgery of "sapienza" university of rome and at the plastic and reconstructive surgery department, university of perugia, in order to evaluate the efficacy of ...201020109380
attraction of female grapevine moth to common and specific olfactory cues from 2 host plants.in herbivorous insects with more than 1 host plant, attraction to host odor could conceptually be mediated by common compounds, by specific compounds released by each plant or by combinations of common and specific compounds. we have compared the attraction of female grapevine moth, lobesia botrana, with specific and common (shared) odors from 2 different plants: a wild host (daphne gnidium) and a recently colonized host (vitis vinifera). odor blends eliciting female attraction to v. vinifera ha ...201019959563
a banned variety was the mother of several major wine grapes.a number of widely grown varieties of vitis vinifera ssp. sativa, the grape used for wine production, are known to have resulted from crosses between pinot noir and gouais blanc, although it is not known which was the maternal parent in these crosses. we have analysed microsatellites and a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in chloroplast dna from these two varieties and twelve progeny strains, including chardonnay, gamay noir and aligoté. the results demonstrate that gouais blanc was the mate ...201020015860
thermal stability of thaumatin-like protein, chitinase, and invertase isolated from sauvignon blanc and semillon juice and their role in haze formation in wine.a thermal unfolding study of thaumatin-like protein, chitinase, and invertase isolated from vitis vinifera sauvignon blanc and semillon juice was undertaken. differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that chitinase was a major player in heat-induced haze in unfined wines as it had a low melt temperature, and aggregation was observed. the kinetics of chitinase f1 (sauvignon blanc) unfolding was studied using circular dichroism spectrometry. chitinase unfolding conforms to arrhenius behavior ...201020014848
cloning, sequencing, purification, and crystal structure of grenache (vitis vinifera) polyphenol oxidase.the full-length cdna sequence (p93622_vitvi) of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) cdna from grape vitis vinifera l., cv grenache, was found to encode a translated protein of 607 amino acids with an expected molecular weight of ca. 67 kda and a predicted pi of 6.83. the translated amino acid sequence was 99%, identical to that of a white grape berry ppo (1) (5 out of 607 amino acid potential sequence differences). the protein was purified from grenache grape berries by using traditional methods, and it wa ...201020039636
a multidisciplinary study of archaeological grape seeds.we report here the first integrated investigation of both ancient dna and proteins in archaeobotanical samples: medieval grape (vitis vinifera l.) seeds, preserved by anoxic waterlogging, from an early medieval (seventh-eighth century a.d.) byzantine rural settlement in the salento area (lecce, italy) and a late (fourteenth-fifteenth century a.d.) medieval site in york (england). pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry documented good carbohydrate preservation, whilst amino acid analysis ...201020033124
characterization of thermotolerance-related genes in grapevine (vitis vinifera).we report the cloning and characterization of heat shock-induced genes in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). using the cdna subtraction method, four heat shock-induced genes were identified in heat shock-treated pinot noir grapevine. the four genes were immediately induced and upregulated in leaves and berry skins by heat treatment at 45 degrees c. the recovery treatment at 26 degrees c reduced the upregulated transcription of the heat shock-induced genes to near basal levels. the predicted amino ac ...201020096476
investigation into the formation of guaiacol conjugates in berries and leaves of grapevine vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon using stable isotope tracers combined with hplc-ms and ms/ms analysis.fermentation of grapes that had been exposed to bushfire smoke can potentially yield unpalatable, smoke-affected wine. guaiacol and its glucoconjugate were previously found in smoke-affected grapes at an elevated concentration. to find and identify further guaiacol conjugates in smoke-affected grapes, a stable isotope feeding experiment combined with extensive hplc-ms and ms/ms investigations was carried out. leaves and berries of a potted grapevine were placed in contact with an aqueous mixture ...201020092321
interaction between grape-derived proanthocyanidins and cell wall material. 1. effect on proanthocyanidin composition and molecular mass.insoluble cell wall material was prepared from the skin and flesh of commercially ripe vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz berries and then combined in suspension with preveraison skin and seed proanthocyanidin containing solutions. analysis of proanthocyanidins before and after fining with cell wall material by phloroglucinolysis provided information on recovery by mass, subunit composition, and mean degree of polymerization, whereas proanthocyanidin molecular mass distribution was determined by gel p ...201020092254
an extensive study of the genetic diversity within seven french wine grape variety collections.the process of vegetative propagation used to multiply grapevine varieties produces, in most cases, clones genetically identical to the parental plant. nevertheless, spontaneous somatic mutations can occur in the regenerative cells that give rise to the clones, leading to consider varieties as populations of clones that conform to a panel of phenotypic traits. using two sets of nuclear microsatellite markers, the present work aimed at evaluating and comparing the intravarietal genetic diversity ...201020062965
warm spring temperatures induce persistent season-long changes in shoot development in grapevines.the influence of temperature on the timing of budbreak in woody perennials is well known, but its effect on subsequent shoot growth and architecture has received little attention because it is understood that growth is determined by current temperature. seasonal shoot development of grapevines (vitis vinifera) was evaluated following differences in temperature near budbreak while minimizing the effects of other microclimatic variables.201020513742
characterization and differentiation of monovarietal grape marc distillates on the basis of varietal aroma compound composition.to investigate the varietal aroma compound composition of monovarietal grape marc distillates made from six different varieties (vitis vinifera l.) in the region of istria (croatia), 30 samples were subjected to gc/ms and gc/fid analysis. a total of 73 compounds were identified: 45 monoterpenes, 20 sesquiterpenes, 3 diterpenes, and 5 c(13)-norisoprenoids. the largest number and the highest concentration of monoterpenes were found in muscat blanc, followed by rose muscat of porec (muskat ruza por ...201020486710
a parentage study of closely related ukrainian wine grape varieties using microsatellite markers.four bred grapevine varieties released for commercial cultivation in ukraine, namely 'antey magarachskii', 'rubinovyi magaracha', 'granatovyi magaracha' and 'rubin golodrigi', and their putative parental forms were genotyped using six microsatellite loci. genotypes were compared with breeding records to verify genetic relationships among varieties. results of the analysis confirmed four of six parent-offspring relationships. results of the analysis allow to assume that genotype 'seyve villard 20 ...201020480808
timing of cluster light environment manipulation during grape development affects c13 norisoprenoid and carotenoid concentrations in riesling.sunlight exposure of winegrape clusters is frequently reported to increase c(13)-norisoprenoids in resulting wines, but the timing and mechanism of this influence is not well understood. fruit zone leaf removal was applied to vitis vinifera cv. riesling at three timings: 2, 33 and 68 days past berry set (pbs), and compared to an untreated control. free and total 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (tdn), vitispirane and beta-damascenone were measured in juice and wines, and carotenoid profile ...201020450186
optimization of a method for the extraction and quantification of carotenoids and chlorophylls during ripening in grape berries (vitis vinifera cv. merlot).an extraction method to identify and quantify the carotenoid and chlorophyll profile of lyophilized tissue from unripe (green) to ripe (red) merlot grape berries was developed. the rp-hplc method baseline separated all of the carotenoids and chlorophylls and their derivatives. problems encountered during sample storage and extraction are discussed as well as possible alternative methods. this study confirmed that carotenoids and chlorophylls decreased on a per berry (microg/berry) and concentrat ...201020450155
evolution of aroma and phenolic compounds during ripening of 'superior seedless' grapes.the evolution of aroma and phenolic compounds was studied during ripening of vitis vinifera cv. 'superior seedless' grapes in two consecutive years. the major free detected compounds were citral, geraniol, and benzyl alcohol whereas geraniol, citral, nerol, citronellol, dienediol i, linalol oxide i, linalol oxide ii, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol were identified in the glycosidically bound fraction. concentrations of the main free terpene alcohols responsible for 'superior seedless' aroma ...201020438135
chemical changes during fermentation of abhayarishta and its standardization by hplc-dad.abhayarishta is an ayurvedic formulation prepared traditionally by the fermentation of the decoction of terminalia chebula (pericarp), vitis vinifera (fruits), embelia ribes (fruits) and madhuca indica (flowers). in the present communication, chemical changes occurring during fermentation in abhayarishta have been studied for the purpose of its standardization. an hplc-dad method for quantitative estimation of selected marker constituents in the formulation has been developed and validated. a co ...201020433076
sugar and abscisic acid signaling orthologs are activated at the onset of ripening in grape.the onset of ripening involves changes in sugar metabolism, softening, and color development. most understanding of this process arises from work in climacteric fruits where the control of ripening is predominately by ethylene. however, many fruits such as grape are nonclimacteric, where the onset of ripening results from the integration of multiple hormone signals including sugars and abscisic acid (aba). in this study, we identified ten orthologous gene families in vitis vinifera containing co ...201020407788
dissipation study of thiophanate methyl residue in/on grapes (vitis vinifera l.) in india.a multi-location field trial was conducted in india during 2006-2008 to evaluate the dissipation pattern of thiophanate methyl (75% wp) in/on grapes at two application rates (500 and 1,000 g a.i. ha(-1)). the quantitative analysis of the fungicide residues as carbendazim was performed using a uv/vis spectrophotometer at the maximum absorption band of 281 nm. the average recovery was found 87% and the relative standard deviations (rsd) were below 3.8%. following the first order kinetics the fungi ...201020401648
proteomic analysis of the effects of aba treatments on ripening vitis vinifera berries.the control of ripening of the non-climacteric grapevine fruit is still a matter of debate, but several lines of evidence point to an important role for the hormone abscisic acid (aba). the effects of aba treatments on cabernet sauvignon berries before and at véraison were studied using a 2-de proteomic approach. proteins from whole deseeded berries (before véraison) and berry flesh and skin (at véraison) treated with 0.76 mm aba and collected 24 h after treatment were separated and analysed. a ...201020388747
large-scale detection and analysis of rna editing in grape mtdna by rna deep-sequencing.rna editing is a widespread post-transcriptional molecular phenomenon that can increase proteomic diversity, by modifying the sequence of completely or partially non-functional primary transcripts, through a variety of mechanistically and evolutionarily unrelated pathways. editing by base substitution has been investigated in both animals and plants. however, conventional strategies based on directed sanger sequencing are time-consuming and effectively preclude genome wide identification of rna ...201020385587
early events prior to visual symptoms in the apoplectic form of grapevine esca disease.plant infection by pathogens generates various forms of symptoms. most of them have been described as soon as they become visible, whereas preceding, discrete signs during incubation are poorly or not understood. in vitis vinifera, esca-related pathogenic fungi inhabit living trunk wood and induce the so-called apoplexy, a sudden wilting of leaves within a few days. to further understand the apoplexy expression, the period preceding symptom appearance was investigated by following physiological ...201020373962
fast profiling of anthocyanins in wine by desorption nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.desorption electrospray ionization (desi) mass spectrometry appears to be a useful technique applicable in different areas (e.g. analysis of pharmaceuticals, identification of biologically active compounds in tissues, imaging mass spectrometry). its modification termed desorption nano-electrospray (nano-desi) was tested for analysis of anthocyanins. acidifying of samples and acidic spray liquid (methanol:water=75:25 with 0.2% hcooh) were essential for obtaining good quality spectra. profiles of ...201020371067
scirpusin a, a hydroxystilbene dimer from xinjiang wine grape, acts as an effective singlet oxygen quencher and dna damage protector.grapes and red wines are rich sources of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, catechins, flavonols and stilbenes, most of which are potent antioxidants showing cardioprotective properties. we first isolated scirpusin a, a hydroxystilbene dimer, from a wine grape of xinjiang, and studied its antioxidant activity.201020355118
physical mapping in highly heterozygous genomes: a physical contig map of the pinot noir grapevine cultivar.most of the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars grown today are those selected centuries ago, even though grapevine is one of the most important fruit crops in the world. grapevine has therefore not benefited from the advances in modern plant breeding nor more recently from those in molecular genetics and genomics: genes controlling important agronomic traits are practically unknown. a physical map is essential to positionally clone such genes and instrumental in a genome sequencing project.201020346114
characterization of anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions in vitis vinifera l. cell suspension cultures.anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (avis) are intra-vacuolar structures capable of concentrating anthocyanins and are present in over 50 of the highest anthocyanin-accumulating plant species. presence of avis alters pigment intensity, total anthocyanin levels, pigment hue and causes bathochromic shifts in a spatio-temporal manner within various flowers, vegetables and fruits. a year-long study on vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures found a strong correlation between avi prevalence and anthocyan ...201020238125
identification of grapevine micrornas and their targets using high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis.in plants, micrornas (mirnas) comprise one of three classes of small rnas regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. many plant mirnas are conserved, and play a role in development, abiotic stress responses or pathogen responses. however, some mirnas have only been found in certain species. here, we use deep-sequencing, computational and molecular methods to identify, profile, and describe conserved and non-conserved mirnas in four grapevine (vitis vinifera) tissues. a total o ...201020230504
comparative study of the phenolic composition of seeds and skins from carménère and cabernet sauvignon grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.) during ripening.the phenolic composition of skins and seeds from vitis vinifera l. cv. carménère and cabernet sauvignon grapes during ripening was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and spectrophotometric analysis. as compared to cabernet sauvignon grape skins, carménère grape skins presented higher contents of total anthocyanins, monomeric flavan-3-ols, and total flavonoids, a higher mean degree of polymerization, a higher percentage of galloylation, a higher average mole ...201020163111
evaluation of the feasibility of the electronic tongue as a rapid analytical tool for wine age prediction and quantification of the organic acids and phenolic compounds. the case-study of madeira wine.a set of fourteen madeira wines comprising wines produced from four vitis vinifera l. varieties (bual, malvasia, verdelho and tinta negra mole) that were 3, 6, 10 and 17 years old was analysed using hplc and an electronic tongue (et) multisensor system. concentrations of 24 organic acids, phenolic and furanic compounds were determined by hplc. the et consisting of 26 potentiometric chemical sensors with plasticized pvc and chalcogenide glass membranes was used. significance of the effects of age ...201020152269
correction: high throughput approaches reveal splicing of primary microrna transcripts and tissue specific expression of mature micrornas in vitis vinifera.the version of this article published in bmc genomics 2009, 10:558, contains data in table 1 which are now known to be unreliable, and an illustration, in figure 1, of unusual mirna processing events predicted by these unreliable data. in this full-length correction, new data replace those found to be unreliable, leading to a more straightforward interpretation without altering the principle conclusions of the study. table 1 and associated methods have been corrected, figure 1 deleted, supplemen ...201020152027
characterization of transcriptional complexity during berry development in vitis vinifera using rna-seq.the development of massively parallel sequencing technologies enables the sequencing of total cdna (rna-seq) to derive accurate measure of individual gene expression, differential splicing activity, and to discover novel regions of transcription, dramatically changing the way that the functional complexity of transcriptomes can be studied. here we report on the first use of rna-seq to gain insight into the wide range of transcriptional responses that are associated with berry development in viti ...201020118272
putative vitis vinifera rop- and rab-gap-, gef-, and gdi-interacting proteins uncovered with novel methods for public genomic and est database analysis.to understand how grapevine rop and rab proteins achieve their functional versatility in signalling, identification of the putative vvrop- and vvrab-interacting proteins was performed using newly designed tools. in this study, sequences encoding eight full-length proteins for vvrop gtpase-activating proteins (gaps), five for vvrabgaps, six for vvrop guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs), one for vvrabgef, five for vvrop gdp dissociation inhibitors (gdis), and three for vvrabgdis were identi ...201019736217
a grapevine shaker inward k(+) channel activated by the calcineurin b-like calcium sensor 1-protein kinase cipk23 network is expressed in grape berries under drought stress conditions.grapevine (vitis vinifera), the genome sequence of which has recently been reported, is considered as a model species to study fleshy fruit development and acid fruit physiology. grape berry acidity is quantitatively and qualitatively affected upon increased k(+) accumulation, resulting in deleterious effects on fruit (and wine) quality. aiming at identifying molecular determinants of k(+) transport in grapevine, we have identified a k(+) channel, named vvk1.1, from the shaker family. in silico ...201019781051
grapevine bud break prediction for cool winter climates.statistical analysis of bud break data for grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cvs. riesling and müller-thurgau) at 13 sites along the northern boundary of commercial grapevine production in europe revealed that, for all investigated sites, the heat summation method for bud break prediction can be improved if the starting date for the accumulation of heat units is specifically determined. using the coefficient of variance as a criterion, a global minimum for each site can be identified, marking the opt ...201019851788
abscisic acid stimulated ripening and gene expression in berry skins of the cabernet sauvignon grape.we investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (aba) application on the transcriptome as well as the phenolic profiles in the skins of vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon grape berries grown on the vine and cultured in vitro. aba application rapidly induced the accumulation of anthocyanin and flavonol. correlatively, the structural genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, their transcriptional regulators, as well as genes considered to be involved in the acylation and transp ...201019841954
increasing the robustness of phenological models for vitis vinifera cv. chardonnay.phenological models are important tools for planning viticultural practices in the short term and for projecting the impact of climate change on grapevine (vitis vinifera) in the long term. however, the difficulties in obtaining phenological models which provide accurate predictions on a regional scale prevent them from being exploited to their full potential. the aim of this work was to obtain a robust phenological model for v. vinifera cv. chardonnay. during calibration of the sub-models for b ...201019937456
a sugar-inducible protein kinase, vvsk1, regulates hexose transport and sugar accumulation in grapevine cells.in grapevine (vitis vinifera), as in many crops, soluble sugar content is a major component of yield and economical value. this paper identifies and characterizes a glycogen synthase kinase3 protein kinase, cloned from a cdna library of grape cabernet sauvignon berries harvested at the ripening stage. this gene, called vvsk1, was mainly expressed in flowers, berries, and roots. in the berries, it was strongly expressed at postvéraison, when the berries accumulate glucose, fructose, and abscisic ...201019923236
evolution of the vvmyba gene family, the major determinant of berry colour in cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l.).polymorphisms in the grape transcription factor family vvmyba are responsible for variation in anthocyanin content in the berries of cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l. subsp. sativa). previous study has shown that white grapes arose through the mutation of two adjacent genes: a retroelement insertion in vvmyba1 and a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation in vvmyba2. the purpose of this study was to understand how these mutations emerged and affected genetic diversity at neighbouring sites ...201019920856
changes in the accumulation of alpha- and beta-tubulin during bud development in vitis vinifera l.microtubules play important roles during growth and morphogenesis of plant cells. multiple isoforms of alpha- and beta-tubulin accumulate in higher plant cells and originate either by transcription of different genes or by post-translational modifications. the use of different tubulin isoforms involves the binding of microtubules to different associated proteins and therefore generates microtubules with different organizations and functions. tubulin isoforms are differentially expressed in veget ...201019911193
developmental parameters and seasonal phenology of calepitrimerus vitis (acari: eriophyidae) in wine grapes of western oregon.developmental parameters of protogyne calepitrimerus vitis (nalepa) (acari: eriophyidae) were determined at 12, 15, 17, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34 °c to better understand seasonal activity, population growth, and ultimately more effectively manage pest mites in wine grapes. net reproductive rate (r(o)) was greater than zero at all temperatures with the maximum r(o) (9.72) at 25 °c. the lowest estimated r(o) (0.001) occurred at 34 °c. there was a gradual decrease in mean generation time (t) as temper ...201022182568
molecular phylogeny of the genus vitis (vitaceae) based on plastid markers. 201021616868
identification and expression analysis of genes associated with the early berry development in the seedless grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivar sultanine.sultanine grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is one of the most important commercial seedless table-grape varieties and the main source of seedlessness for breeding programs around the world. despite its commercial relevance, little is known about the genetic control of seedlessness in grapes, remaining unknown the molecular identity of genes responsible for such phenotype. actually, studies concerning berry development in seedless grapes are scarce at the molecular level. we therefore developed a re ...201021802609
isolation and expression analysis of salt induced genes from contrasting grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars.salt stress adversely affects the growth of grapevine plants. in order to understand the molecular basis of salt stress response in grapevine plants, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) and microarray based screening approaches were combined. two leaf-specific subtractive cdna libraries were constructed from grapevine plants subjected to a moderate, incremental salt stress treatment. ssh were performed 6h and 24h after nacl peaked at 100mm using cdnas prepared from leaves of a salt toler ...201021802607
patterns of sequence polymorphism in the fleshless berry locus in cultivated and wild vitis vinifera accessions.unlike in tomato, little is known about the genetic and molecular control of fleshy fruit development of perennial fruit trees like grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). here we present the study of the sequence polymorphism in a 1 mb grapevine genome region at the top of chromosome 18 carrying the fleshless berry mutation (flb) in order, first to identify snp markers closely linked to the gene and second to search for possible signatures of domestication.201021176183
genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the ap2/erf superfamily in vitis vinifera.the ap2/erf protein family contains transcription factors that play a crucial role in plant growth and development and in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions in plants. grapevine (vitis vinifera) is the only woody crop whose genome has been fully sequenced. so far, no detailed expression profile of ap2/erf-like genes is available for grapevine.201021171999
changes of flavan-3-ols with different degrees of polymerization in seeds of 'shiraz', 'cabernet sauvignon' and 'marselan' grapes after veraison.flavan-3-ols consist of flavan-3-ol monomers and polymers with different degrees of polymerization (dp). in this study, flavan-3-ol extracts from grape seeds were well separated into three fractions including monomers, oligomers (2 < dp < 10) and polymers (dp > 10), by means of normal-phase hplc-ms. the different patterns of these three fractions were analyzed in three vitis vinifera cultivars ('shiraz', 'cabernet sauvignon' and 'marselan') seeds from veraison to harvest. the results showed: (1) ...201021060287
functional annotation, genome organization and phylogeny of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) terpene synthase gene family based on genome assembly, flcdna cloning, and enzyme assays.terpenoids are among the most important constituents of grape flavour and wine bouquet, and serve as useful metabolite markers in viticulture and enology. based on the initial 8-fold sequencing of a nearly homozygous pinot noir inbred line, 89 putative terpenoid synthase genes (vvtps) were predicted by in silico analysis of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) genome assembly 1. the finding of this very large vvtps family, combined with the importance of terpenoid metabolism for the organoleptic prope ...201020964856
transcriptome changes in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cv. malbec leaves induced by ultraviolet-b radiation.ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b, 280-315 nm) is a natural component of sunlight, which has numerous regulatory effects on plant physiology. the nature of the response to uv-b is dependent on fluence rate, dose, duration and wavelength of the uv-b treatment. some reports have analyzed the changes in gene expression caused by uv-b light on several plant species using microarray technology. however, there is no information on the transcriptome response triggered by uv-b in grapevine. in this paper we ...201020959019
chemical characterization and enological potential of raboso varieties by study of secondary grape metabolites.dna studies supported by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of seed proteins showed that the vitis vinifera red grape variety raboso veronese is the progeny of a spontaneous cross between raboso piave (red) and marzemina bianca (white) varieties. in the present work, the main secondary grape metabolites of raboso varieties were studied, and their enological potential was evaluated and compared with that of other red varieties reported in the lit ...201020942460
top 10 botanical ingredients in 2010 anti-aging creams.new developments in the realm of skin rejuvenation such as phytotherapy are at an astounding increasing pace in the cosmeceutical market. yet, many of these products that are classified as cosmeceuticals are tested less vigorously and do not have to be approved by the food and drug administration to establish efficacy and safety. thus, as clinicians, we must ask the question, "is there science-based evidence to validate the mechanism of these new treatments?" we assessed the top anti-aging cream ...201020883295
structure elucidation of peonidin 3,7-o-β-diglucoside isolated from garnacha tintorera (vitis vinifera l.) grapes.red wines made from garnacha tintorera grapes (also known as alicante bouschet and one of the few so-called teinturier vitis vinifera grape cultivars, because its berry flesh is also red-colored) are usually blended with other red wines as a natural way for enhancing the color intensity of red wines. the phenolic composition of garnacha tintorera grapes showed already described interesting features such as the occurrence of unusual anthocyanins (pelargonidin-based anthocyanins and a peonidin dih ...201020866031
parental relationships among three grape varieties studied by maldi of grape seed protein profiles.two raboso cultivars, i.e. raboso veronese and raboso piave, are two black vitis vinifera varieties. a genetic study suggested that raboso veronese is the progeny of a spontaneous cross between raboso piave and marzemina bianca cultivars. parental relationships are usually investigated by genetic studies, which are effective to establish genetic links among different cultivars. considering that proteome is the genome expression, in this article we evaluated the power of seed protein profiles obt ...201020862730
drying of 'perlette' grape under different physical treatment for raisin making.experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of grape (vitis vinifera l) cv. 'perlette' for raisin preparation with different physical treatments. the treatments consisted of whole berries, half cut berries and berries with superficial abrasion of peel/waxy cuticle. the effectiveness of these treatments on drying characteristics and quality of the prepared raisin were studied. the half cut berries took less time to dry as compared to scratchy surfaced berries and whole berries. drying ...201023572696
volatile compounds and sensory attributes of wine from cv. merlot (vitis vinifera l.) grown under differential levels of water deficit with or without a kaolin-based, foliar reflectant particle film.the volatile composition and sensory attributes of merlot wines produced from vines under differing levels of water stress, with or without a foliar, kaolin-based particle film, were analyzed by stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (sbse-gc-ms) and sensory evaluation. vines were irrigated over consecutive vintages with 100, 70, or 35% of their estimated water requirements (et(c)), or 35% until color change then 70% until harvest (35-70% et(c)). neither of the treatme ...201021080711
the dynamics of embolism repair in xylem: in vivo visualizations using high-resolution computed tomography.water moves through plants under tension and in a thermodynamically metastable state, leaving the nonliving vessels that transport this water vulnerable to blockage by gas embolisms. failure to reestablish flow in embolized vessels can lead to systemic loss of hydraulic conductivity and ultimately death. most plants have developed a mechanism to restore vessel functionality by refilling embolized vessels, but the details of this process in vessel networks under tension have remained unclear for ...201020841451
identification of putative stage-specific grapevine berry biomarkers and omics data integration into networks.the analysis of grapevine (vitis vinifera) berries at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels can provide great insight into the molecular events underlying berry development and postharvest drying (withering). however, the large and very different data sets produced by such investigations are difficult to integrate. here, we report the identification of putative stage-specific biomarkers for berry development and withering and, to our knowledge, the first integrated systems-level ...201020826702
simultaneous hplc-dad-ms (esi+) determination of structural and geometrical isomers of carotenoids in mature grapes.carotenoids are uniquely functional polyene pigments ubiquitous in nature; aside from being responsible for the color of a wide variety of vegetables, interest is being focused on food carotenoids due to their likely health benefits. from analytical point of view, it is important to unequivocally identify individual carotenoid compounds in many food stuffs. therefore, isolation of standards from natural sources must be encouraged for accurate identifications. like many fruits, mature grape berri ...201020814906
stilbene production in cell cultures of vitis vinifera l. cvs red globe and michele palieri elicited by methyl jasmonate.cell cultures obtained from vitis vinifera cvs michele palieri and red globe were cultured in order to stimulate stilbene production. in the calli, stilbene production peaked at day 22 of culture for both cultivars; the main compound was trans-piceid, followed by cis-piceid. methyl jasmonate, which was added to cell suspensions in the first half of the exponential growth phase, enhanced stilbene accumulation, producing mainly trans-piceid and epsilon-viniferin. other stilbenoids, though in lower ...201020812136
offline combination of pressurized fluid extraction and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for antioxidant activity of grape skin extracts assessment.a comprehensive characterization of grape skin methanolic and ethanolic extracts prepared by pressurized fluid extraction (pfe) at various temperatures within 40 to 120°c from two wine grape varieties, st. laurent and alibernet was performed. for the first time, an offline combination of pfe and electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy together with other experimental methods was employed to assess the effect of extraction conditions on numerous extract characteristics including antiox ...201020810124
nmr metabolomics of esca disease-affected vitis vinifera cv. alvarinho leaves.esca is a destructive disease that affects vineyards leading to important losses in wine production. information about the response of vitis vinifera plants to this disease is scarce, particularly concerning changes in plant metabolism. in order to study the metabolic changes in vitis plants affected by esca, leaves from both infected and non-affected cordons of v. vinifera cv. alvarinho (collected in the vinho verde region, portugal) were analysed. the metabolite composition of leaves from infe ...201020709726
characterization and differentiation of monovarietal grape pomace distillate from native varieties of galicia.monovarietal grape pomace distillates (orujo) of six native varieties of vitis vinifera l. from galicia (albarino, treixadura, godello, loureira, dona branca, and torrontes) have been thoroughly analyzed considering esters, alcohols, major aldehydes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, norisoprenoids, and diterpenes. albarino and loureira distillates showed similar profiles of terpenic compounds, with the loureira products having higher contents of monoterpenols. native torrontes distillate from galic ...201020707339
a putative new ampelovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease.a putative new ampelovirus was detected in vitis vinifera cv. carnelian showing mild leafroll symptoms and molecularly characterized. the complete genome consisted of 13,625 nt and had a structure similar to that of members of subgroup i in the genus ampelovirus (fam. closteroviridae). in-depth analyses showed that the virus from cv. carnelian is the most distinct member of the "glrav-4 lineage" of ampeloviruses, which comprises glrav-4, -5, -6, -9, and the recently characterized glrav-pr, and g ...201020703503
grape polyphenols do not affect vascular function in healthy men.data suggest that polyphenol-rich products may improve endothelial function and other cardiovascular health risk factors. grape and wine contain high amounts of polyphenols, but effects of these polyphenols have hardly been investigated in isolation in randomized controlled studies. our objective in this study was to test the chronic effect of polyphenol-rich solids derived from either a wine grape mix or grape seed on flow-mediated dilation (fmd). blood pressure and other vascular function meas ...201020702747
analysis of carotenoids in grapes to predict norisoprenoid varietal aroma of wines from apulia.to determine a correlation between carotenoid precursors in grapes and norisoprenoid varietal aroma of wine, carotenoids were identified and quantified by hplc-dad-ms (esi+) from four representative wine grape varieties of the apulian region (chardonnay, merlot, negroamaro, primitivo) in two years of study (2006-2007), and c13-norisoprenoid aroma potential, deltac (microg/kg), was calculated from the difference of total carotenoid concentration between veraison and maturity. c13-norisoprenoids w ...201020695424
functional differentiation of the glycosyltransferases that contribute to the chemical diversity of bioactive flavonol glycosides in grapevines (vitis vinifera).we identified two glycosyltransferases that contribute to the structural diversification of flavonol glycosides in grapevine (vitis vinifera): glycosyltransferase 5 (vv gt5) and vv gt6. biochemical analyses showed that vv gt5 is a udp-glucuronic acid:flavonol-3-o-glucuronosyltransferase (gat), and vv gt6 is a bifunctional udp-glucose/udp-galactose:flavonol-3-o-glucosyltransferase/galactosyltransferase. the vv gt5 and vv gt6 genes have very high sequence similarity (91%) and are located in tandem ...201020693356
the ssr-based molecular profile of 1005 grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) accessions uncovers new synonymy and parentages, and reveals a large admixture amongst varieties of different geographic origin.a collection of 1005 grapevine accessions was genotyped at 34 microsatellite loci (ssr) with the aim of analysing genetic diversity and exploring parentages. the comparison of molecular profiles revealed 200 groups of synonymy. the removal of perfect synonyms reduced the database to 745 unique genotypes, on which population genetic parameters were calculated. the analysis of kinship uncovered 74 complete pedigrees, with both parents identified. many of these parentages were not previously known ...201020689905
resveratrol and its oligomers from wine grapes are selective (1)o2 quenchers: mechanistic implication by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation.resveratrol and its oligomers, abundantly present in wine grapes, are believed to be effective phytoalexins for the phenomenon "french paradox" partially by virtue of their powerful antiradical properties. epr spin-trapping technique was utilized, demonstrating all polyphenols were selective (1)o2 quenchers but not effective (•)oh and o2(•¯) scavengers. on the basis of the hplc-esi-ms(2) analysis for the simulated reactions of polyphenols with (1)o2, the molecular weights of the resulting photoc ...201020677737
pitfalls encountered during quantitative determination of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in grape must and wine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with stable isotope dilution analysis. comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and on-line liquid chromatography-multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as potential loopholes.the analysis of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in vitis vinifera grape must or wine at the low nanogram per liter level failed in several situations when applying a one-dimensional gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection (gc-ms). sample preparation methods such as headspace solid phase microextraction or solid phase extraction were convenient procedures, however lacking extraction selectivity for complex matrices. analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography wi ...201020637469
[differentiated expression of vvsuc12 and vvsuc27 in embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli of vitis vinifera l].we induced embryogenic calli (ec) and non-embryogenic calli (nec) from flower filaments of vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay about 10 days before full bloom. the callus were sub-cultured, observed and verified by somatic embryo induction. pcr primers for vvsuc12 and vvscu27 were designed according to the corresponding sequences in genbank. after rna extraction with rnaplant for ec and nec cell lines, we synthesized the 1st strand dna for semi quantitative rt-pcr, and normalized the density of the ...201020575443
short-term postharvest carbon dioxide treatments induce selective molecular and metabolic changes in grape berries.detached wine grapes ( vitis vinifera cv. 'trebbiano', white skinned) were treated for 3 days with 30 kpa of co(2) and then transferred to air for an additional 9 days to partially dehydrate (about 20% weight loss). at the end of the co(2) treatment on withering berries, total polyphenols and flavonoids were maintained in the skin, but to a more limited extent in the pulp. an induction of the proanthocyanidin synthesis appeared to be one of the responses to the treatment because both (+)-catechi ...201020557098
a solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of 'foxy smelling compounds' and 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in grape juice.2'-aminoacetophenone (o-aap) was identified as the main cause of the aging note called 'hybrid note' or 'foxy smell' which is typical of non-vitis vinifera grapes. together with methyl anthranilate (ma), this compound contributes to the typical foxy taint of wines made with non-vitis vinifera grapes. 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in grapes, with their herbaceous note and very low sensory thresholds, contribute to the aroma of several wines. in this study, a solid-phase microextraction gas chromatog ...201020552698
high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric investigation of stilbenoids in cell cultures of vitis vinifera l., cv. malvasia.cell suspension cultures of vitis vinifera l., particularly after elicitation, have shown the ability to biosynthesize several stilbenoids. in this work the application of specific tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) experiments and the integration with data from uv-vis spectra, available only for the main compounds of the extract, allowed the detection of over 20 different stilbenoids. up to eight monoglicosides, both monomers and dimers, a high number of dimer forms (up to 17), belonging to the g ...201020552693
immunohistochemical localisation of a putative flavonoid transporter in grape berries.flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites present in large amounts in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), which are involved in several aspects of its physiology (e.g. protection against biotic and abiotic stress). even if the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoid sub-classes have been largely characterised, the mechanisms of their transport and accumulation to the final target sites are still not completely understood. unanticipated insights have been obtained by probing plant tissues with pure a ...201020552459
carotenoid and chlorophyll-derived compounds in some wine grapes grown in apulian region.carotenoid compounds in wine grapes (chardonnay, merlot, primitivo, negroamaro) grown in apulian region were investigated by chromatographic and spectrometric analyses. cis-isomers of lutein and beta-carotene (9z, 9'z-lutein and 9z-beta-carotene) and 5,6-epoxyxanthophylls were detected: 9'z-neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and 5,6-epoxylutein. moreover, zeaxanthin was efficiently resolved from lutein by a selective factor > 1 (alpha= 1.06) and was found in high amounts (50 to 300 microg/kg) in the grap ...201020546421
the impact of grape skin bioactive functionality information on the acceptability of tea infusions made from wine by-products.the effect of information on the health benefits of bio-active compounds on the acceptability of 5 tea infusions made from grape skins generated from wine processing waste (from vitis vinifera var. pinot noir and pinot gris) was investigated. samples of tea infusions with natural additives (pnhgt25 and pggt50) and without additives (control pn, control pg, and pnpg50) were evaluated by 45 in-home consumer panels (30 female, 15 male) before and after information on the health benefits of grape sk ...201020546418
artificial neural networks modeling the in vitro rhizogenesis and acclimatization of vitis vinifera l.this study employs artificial neural networks (anns) to create a model to identify relationships between variables affecting the in vitro rhizogenesis and acclimatization of two cultivars of vitis vinifera l. albariño and mencía. the effects of three factors (inputs), the type of cultivar, concentration and exposure time to indolebutyric acid (iba), on the success of in vitro rhizogenesis and acclimatization were evaluated. the developed model, using anns software, was assessed using a separate ...201020542352
changes in the levels of indoleamine phytochemicals during véraison and ripening of wine grapes.melatonin and serotonin have previously been described in mature wine grapes and finished wines, but the metabolism of these signalling molecules in the development of wine grapes has not previously been investigated. we harvested wine grapes at different stages of development from lag phase through véraison from eight different commercial vineyards representing a diversity of growing conditions, management practices, merlot varietals and localized ecosystems to determine whether different patte ...201020536685
scaffold filling, contig fusion and comparative gene order inference.there has been a trend in increasing the phylogenetic scope of genome sequencing without finishing the sequence of the genome. increasing numbers of genomes are being published in scaffold or contig form. rearrangement algorithms, however, including gene order-based phylogenetic tools, require whole genome data on gene order or syntenic block order. how then can we use rearrangement algorithms to compare genomes available in scaffold form only? can the comparative evidence predict the location o ...201020525342
functional proteomic analysis of ankaferd® blood stopper.ankaferd® blood stopper (abs) comprises a standardized mixture of the plants thymus vulgaris, glycyrrhiza glabra, vitis vinifera, alpinia officinarum, and urtica dioica. the basic mechanism of action for abs is the formation of an encapsulated protein network that provides focal points for vital erythrocyte aggregation. abs-induced protein network formation with blood cells, particularly erythrocytes, covers the primary and secondary hemostatic system without disturbing individual coagulation fa ...201027263447
increasing sucrose concentrations promote phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in grapevine cell cultures.vitis vinifera cell suspensions are a suitable model system to study the metabolic regulation of a large range of high valuable polyphenols that are important in understanding the physiology of the plant and for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medical purposes. increasing sucrose concentrations were found to promote cell growth and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in grape cell cultures obtained from cv. barbera immature berries. this led to an intracellular accumulation and/or release into the me ...201120810189
plant high tolerance to excess manganese related with root growth, manganese distribution and antioxidative enzyme activity in three grape cultivars.the cuttings of grape (vitis vinifera linn.) were exposed to hoagland's solution containing five different manganese (mn) concentrations to investigate mn toxicity and the possible detoxifying responses. three genotypes (i.e. cultivars combiner, jingshou and shuijing) were used in present study. the results showed that grape species is highly tolerant to excess mn. the plant growth is stimulated by as high as 15 or 30 mm mn, and then depressed by higher mn levels. the grape tolerance to excess m ...201121075449
loss of rachis cell viability is associated with ripening disorders in grapes.rachises of grape (vitis vinifera l.) clusters that appeared healthy or displayed symptoms of the ripening disorders berry shrivel (bs) or bunch-stem necrosis (bsn) were treated with the cellular viability stain fluorescein diacetate and examined by confocal microscopy. clusters with bs and bsn symptoms experienced a decrease of cell viability throughout the rachis, and their berries contained 70-80% less sugar than healthy berries. the xylem-mobile dye basic fuchsin, infiltrated via the cut bas ...201121071679
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