Publications

mass spectrometric quantification of amphipathic, polyphenolic antioxidant of the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas).	a novel amphipathic phenolic compound, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (dhmba), that can be isolated from the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) has been found to protect human hepatocytes against oxidative stress. this study aims to establish a method for the measurement of dhmba for industrial application. liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using deuterated dhmba as an internal standard and a polar end-capped ods (hypersil gold aq) as the solid phase was validated. the limit ...	2015	26656828
ingestion of nanoplastics and microplastics by pacific oyster larvae.	plastic debris is a prolific contaminant effecting freshwater and marine ecosystems across the globe. of growing environmental concern are "microplastics"and "nanoplastics" encompassing tiny particles of plastic derived from manufacturing and macroplastic fragmentation. pelagic zooplankton are susceptible to consuming microplastics, however the threat posed to larvae of commercially important bivalves is currently unknown. we exposed pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) larvae (3-24 d.p.f.) to pol ...	2015	26580574
the rho gtpase family genes in bivalvia genomes: sequence, evolution and expression analysis.	rho gtpases are important members of the ras superfamily, which represents the largest signaling protein family in eukaryotes, and function as key molecular switches in converting and amplifying external signals into cellular responses. although numerous analyses of rho family genes have been reported, including their functions and evolution, a systematic analysis of this family has not been performed in mollusca or in bivalvia, one of the most important classes of mollusca.	2015	26633655
comparative analysis and distribution of omega-3 lcpufa biosynthesis genes in marine molluscs.	recent research has identified marine molluscs as an excellent source of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lcpufas), based on their potential for endogenous synthesis of lcpufas. in this study we generated a representative list of fatty acyl desaturase (fad) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (elovl) genes from major orders of phylum mollusca, through the interrogation of transcriptome and genome sequences, and various publicly available databases. we have identified nove ...	2015	26308548
effects of antifouling biocides on molecular and biochemical defense system in the gill of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	antifouling biocides such as organotin compounds and their alternatives are potent toxicants in marine ecosystems. in this study, we employed several molecular and biochemical response systems of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas to understand a potential mode of action of antifouling biocides (i.e. tributyltin (tbt), diuron and irgarol) after exposure to different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg l-1) for 96 h. as a result, all the three antifouling biocides strongly induced the antioxida ...	2016	28006823
molecular characterization and functional analysis of a putative octopamine/tyramine receptor during the developmental stages of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.	octopamine (oa) and its precursor, tyramine (ta), participate in invertebrate development such as growth, maturation, and reproduction by activating their corresponding g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs). although oa was first discovered in mollusks (octopus), subsequent studies on oa, ta and related receptors have primarily been conducted in ecdysozoa, especially in insects. accordingly, only limited reports on oa/ta receptors in mollusks are available and their physiological roles remain uncl ...	2016	27992549
intraspecific variation in mitogenomes of five crassostrea species provides insight into oyster diversification and speciation.	a large number of crassostrea oysters are found in asia-pacific. while analyses of interspecific variation have helped to establish historical relationships among these species, studies on intraspecific variation are necessary to understand their recent evolutionary history and current forces driving population biology. we resequenced 18 and analyzed 31 mitogenomes of five crassostrea species from china: crassostrea gigas, crassostrea angulata, crassostrea sikamea, crassostrea ariakensis, and cr ...	2016	26846524
flavobacterium crassostreae sp. nov., isolated from pacific oyster.	a yellow-colored, rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterial strain, designated lpb0076t, was isolated from a pacific oyster. 16s rrna gene sequence analyses showed that the strain belonged to the genus flavobacterium. it had the highest sequence similarity to the type strains f. frigidarium (97.6%) and f. omnivorum (97.0%), and its similarities with all other species of the genus flavobacterium were below 97.0%. its genome size (3.02 mb), dna g+c content (36.0 mol%), predominant cellular fatty acids ( ...	2016	27959776
corrigendum to "an integrative biomarker approach to assess the environmental stress in the north coast of shandong peninsula using native oysters, crassostrea gigas" [mar. pollut. bull. 112 (1-2) (15 november 2016) 318-326].		2016	27837911
ocean acidification stimulates alkali signal pathway: a bicarbonate sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase from oyster crassostrea gigas mediates physiological changes induced by co2 exposure.	ocean acidification (oa) has been demonstrated to have severe effects on marine organisms, especially marine calcifiers. however, the impacts of oa on the physiology of marine calcifiers and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. soluble adenylyl cyclase (sac) is an acid-base sensor in response to [hco3(-)] and an intracellular source of cyclic amp (camp). in the present study, an ortholog of sac was identified from pacific oyster crassostrea gigas (designated as cgsac) and the catalytic regi ...	2016	27837685
living oysters and their shells as sites of nitrification and denitrification.	oysters provide a critical habitat, are a food resource for higher trophic levels and support important commercial fisheries throughout the world. oyster reefs can improve water quality by removing phytoplankton. while sediment denitrification may be enhanced adjacent to oyster reefs, little is known about nitrification and denitrification associated with living oysters and their shells. we measured nitrification and denitrification in living oysters (crassostrea virginica and crassostrea gigas) ...	2016	27567196
an oyster species-specific mirna scaffold42648_5080 modulates haemocyte migration by targeting integrin pathway.	mirnas are important gene regulators at post-transcriptional level and can modulate diverse biological processes, including immune response. dozens of species-specific mirnas have been identified in oyster crassostrea gigas while their functions remain largely unknown. in the present study, an oyster species-specific mirna scaffold42648_5080 was found responsive to lps stimulation and might target a total of 31 oyster genes possibly involved in cell communication, cellular localization and cellu ...	2016	27544269
barcodes of marine invertebrates from north iberian ports: native diversity and resistance to biological invasions.	ports are gateways for many marine organisms transported by ships worldwide, especially non-indigenous species (nis). in this study carried out in north iberian ports (cantabrian sea, bay of biscay) we have observed 38% of exotic macroinvertebrates. four species, namely the barnacle austrominius modestus, the tubeworm ficopomatus enigmaticus, the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas and the pygmy mussel xenostrobus securis, exhibited clear signs of invasiveness. a total of 671 barcode (cytochrome ox ...	2016	27527375
application of next-generation sequencing to investigation of norovirus diversity in shellfish collected from two coastal sites in japan from 2013 to 2014.	a better understanding of the role played by shellfish regarding the manner of pathogen contamination, persistence, and selection may help considering epidemiology of noroviruses. thus, norovirus genotype profiles in shellfish (crassostrea gigas and mitilus galloprovincialis) were investigated by using next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology. in genogroup i (gi), 7 genotypes (abbreviated as gi.2 to gi.7, and gi.9) were detected from c. gigas, whereas 9 genotypes (gi.1 to gi.9) were detected ...	2016	27506085
an integrative biomarker approach to assess the environmental stress in the north coast of shandong peninsula using native oysters, crassostrea gigas.	an integrative biomarker approach was employed to evaluate the environmental quality of the north coast of shandong peninsula along the southern bohai sea of china, where pollution is an imminent threat due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. a battery of biomarkers and the metal bioaccumulation in tissues of native oyster crassostrea gigas were measured under field conditions. integrative biomarker index (ibr) and metal body burden were calculated to differentiate the pollution status ...	2016	27491364
oyster's cells regulatory volume decrease: a new tool for evaluating the toxicity of low concentration hydrocarbons in marine waters.	human activities require fossil fuels for transport and energy, a substantial part of which can accidentally or voluntarily (oil spillage) flow to the marine environment and cause adverse effects in human and ecosystems' health. this experiment was designed to estimate the suitability of an original cellular biomarker to early quantify the biological risk associated to hydrocarbons pollutants in seawater. oocytes and hepatopancreas cells, isolated from oyster (crassostrea gigas), were tested for ...	2016	27490815
crassostrea gigas exposure to the dinoflagellate prorocentrum lima: histological and gene expression effects on the digestive gland.	bivalve mollusks bioaccumulate toxins via ingestion of toxic dinoflagellates. in this study, crassostrea gigas was used to investigate the effects related to prorocentrum lima exposure. oysters were fed with three diets isochrysis galbana (2 × 10(6) cell ml(-1)) control treatment; algal mix of i. galbana (2 × 10(6)) and p. lima (3 × 10(3) cell ml(-1)); and p. lima alone (3 × 10(3) cell ml(-1)). feeding behavior changes, histopathological alterations, and expression patterns changes of genes invo ...	2016	27475522
on the possibility to produce again oysters crassostrea gigas in the north médoc salt marshes (gironde estuary, southwestern france): a comparison study of metals bioaccumulation in spats 13years after.	the gironde estuary is known for its historic poly-metallic contamination, leading to levels of cd in oysters crassostrea gigas above the human consumption limit. however, since 25years, cd concentrations progressively decreased in the estuary and the question is raised if the same evolution occurred in the north médoc salt marshes. in this aim, we analyzed 12 metals in juveniles of oysters transplanted from a hatchery on a 12months period in 2 salt marshes. moreover, the comparison of four meta ...	2016	27423442
transcriptional activation and translocation of ancient nos during immune response.	nos is the key component of the no system, which plays an indispensable role in many physiologic and immunologic processes; however, the process that underlies the activation of ancient noss and their functions remains unclear. expression of crassostrea gigas nos (cgnos) mrna in hemocytes was examined after stimulating oysters with lps and tnf-α. expression level of cgnos mrna was increased significantly, by 2.61-fold (p < 0.05), at 24 h poststimulation. a positive cgnos signal was detected via ...	2016	27402673
characterization and expression of a novel caspase gene: evidence of the expansion of caspases in crassostrea gigas.	caspases are a group of cysteine-aspartate proteases involved in apoptosis and a variety of non-apoptotic processes. in this study, a novel caspase gene was cloned and its potential role in apoptosis was investigated. the caspase gene (cgcasp 3/7) has an open reading frame of 1626bp encoding 541 amino acids containing the conserved functional domains and motifs of effector caspases. its amino acid sequence shows low identity with the other effector caspases of crassostrea gigas and contains a un ...	2016	27393814
identification, characterization, and x-ray crystallographic analysis of a novel type of mannose-specific lectin cgl1 from the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	a novel mannose-specific lectin, named cgl1 (15.5 kda), was isolated from the oyster crassostrea gigas. characterization of cgl1 involved isothermal titration calorimetry (itc), glycoconjugate microarray, and frontal affinity chromatography (fac). this analysis revealed that cgl1 has strict specificity for the mannose monomer and for high mannose-type n-glycans (hmtgs). primary structure of cgl1 did not show any homology with known lectins but did show homology with proteins of the natterin fami ...	2016	27377186
benthic assemblages associated with native and non-native oysters are similar.	invasive species can impact native species and alter assemblage structure, which affects associated ecosystem functioning. the pervasive pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, has been shown to affect the diversity and composition of many host ecosystems. we tested for effects of the presence of the invasive c. gigas on native assemblages by comparing them directly to assemblages associated with the declining native european oyster, ostrea edulis. the presence of both oyster species was manipulated ...	2016	27377003
impact of prolonged storm activity on the ecological status of intertidal benthic habitats within oyster (crassostrea gigas) trestle cultivation sites.	the ecological status (es; sensu the water framework directive) of intertidal benthic communities within six oyster trestle cultivation sites was found to be negatively impacted along the access routes to trestles in a 2013 study. all cultivation sites occur within natura 2000 sites. the current study revisited four of the 2013 cultivation sites in february 2014 one month after the storm activity of winter 2013/14 to test if the compaction effect along access routes persisted after the storms. t ...	2016	27373942
a cgifnlp receptor from crassostrea gigas and its activation of the related genes in human jak/stat signaling pathway.	interferon is a highly pleiotropic cytokine, once binding to its receptors, can activate jak kinases and stat transcription factors to initiate the transcription of genes downstream from interferon-stimulated response elements. in the present study, a cytokine receptor-like 3 molecule was selected and cloned from oyster crassostrea gigas, which contained a fibronectin type iii domain (designed cgifnr-3). the expression pattern of cgifnr-3 mrna was detected in all the tested tissues including man ...	2016	27373517
metabolic cost of protein synthesis in larvae of the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) is fixed across genotype, phenotype, and environmental temperature.	the energy made available through catabolism of specific biochemical reserves is constant using standard thermodynamic conversion equivalents (e.g., 24.0 j mg protein(-1)). in contrast, measurements reported for the energy cost of synthesis of specific biochemical constituents are highly variable. in this study, we measured the metabolic cost of protein synthesis and determined whether this cost was influenced by genotype, phenotype, or environment. we focused on larval stages of the pacific oys ...	2016	27365413
responses to thermal and salinity stress in wild and farmed pacific oysters crassostrea gigas.	the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas was introduced from japan to many countries in the world for oyster farming, resulting in the establishment of wild populations in intertidal zones and resource competition with local faunas. this study examined physiological responses of wild oysters and farmed oysters to thermal (15°c, 25°c, 37°c and 44°c) and salinity stress (39, 50 and 60ppt). the wild oysters produced more 72kda heat shock proteins when the temperature increased from 15°c to 25°c and 37° ...	2016	27343357
thermal stress induces a distinct transcriptome profile in the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	oysters are frequently subjected to heat stress during tidal emersion/immersion cycles in their habitats due to attachment on the rocky shore. to understand the effect of temperature elevation on the whole transcriptome over time, the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas was exposed to seawater temperature 32°c for 72h from the control 20°c. rna-seq identified differentially expressed stress responsive transcripts upon thermal stress in the gill tissues of c. gigas. the primary effect of heat stress ...	2016	27341139
the cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of phagocytes in the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	phagocytes have been proved to play vital roles in the innate immune response. however, the cellular characteristics of phagocytes in invertebrates, especially in molluscs, remain largely unknown. in the present study, fluorescence activated cell sorting (facs) was employed to sort the phagocytes from the non-phagocytic haemocytes of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas. the cytochemical staining analysis revealed that phagocytes were positive staining for α-naphthyl acetate esterase and myelope ...	2016	27338208
dynamic extreme values modeling and monitoring by means of sea shores water quality biomarkers and valvometry.	water quality can be evaluated using biomarkers such as tissular enzymatic activities of endemic species. measurement of molluscs bivalves activity at high frequency (e.g., valvometry) during a long time period is another way to record the animal behavior and to evaluate perturbations of the water quality in real time. as the pollution affects the activity of oysters, we consider the valves opening and closing velocities to monitor the water quality assessment. we propose to model the huge volum ...	2016	27286974
the systematic regulation of oyster cgil17-1 and cgil17-5 in response to air exposure.	as a proinflammatory cytokine, vertebrate interleukin 17 (il17) plays a vital role in the balance of inflammation and homeostasis, and is involved in a systemic regulation of glucose homeostasis. in the present study, a remarkable increase of glucose concentration was observed in oyster serum after 2 d air exposure, which was followed by a rapid up-regulation of cgil17-1 and cgil17-5. after oysters was received an injection of extra glucose, the mrna expressions of cgil17-1 and cgil17-5 were als ...	2016	27268575
role and expression of cry1 in the adductor muscle of the oyster crassostrea gigas during daily and tidal valve activity rhythms.	cryptochromes are flavin- and pterin-containing photoreceptors of the cryptochrome/photolyase family. they play critical roles in organisms, among are which light-dependent and light-independent roles in biological rhythms. the present work aimed at describing a cryptochrome gene in the oyster crassostrea gigas by (i) a characterization and phylogenetic analysis and (ii) by studying its expression in the relationship to rhythmic valve behavior in different entrainment regimes. cryptochrome expre ...	2016	27246263
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and bivalves on the pacific coast of japan: influence of tsunami and fire.	surface sediments and at least one edible bivalve species (ruditapes philippinarum, mytilus galloprovincialis, and crassostrea gigas) were collected from each of seven intertidal sites in japan in 2013. the sites had experienced varying levels of tsunami and fire disturbance following the major earthquake of 2011. eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were identified and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. total sediment pah concentration (ct), the sum of the average concen ...	2016	27232189
the kinome of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas, its expression during development and in response to environmental factors.	oysters play an important role in estuarine and coastal marine habitats, where the majority of humans live. in these ecosystems, environmental degradation is substantial, and oysters must cope with highly dynamic and stressful environmental constraints during their lives in the intertidal zone. the availability of the genome sequence of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas represents a unique opportunity for a comprehensive assessment of the signal transduction pathways that the species has deve ...	2016	27231950
exploitable lipids and fatty acids in the invasive oyster crassostrea gigas on the french atlantic coast.	economic exploitation is one means to offset the cost of controlling invasive species, such as the introduced pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas thunberg) on the french atlantic coast. total lipid and phospholipid (pl) fatty acids (fas) and sterols were examined in an invasive population of c. gigas in bourgneuf bay, france, over four successive seasons, with a view to identify possible sources of exploitable substances. the total lipid level (% dry weight) varied from 7.1% (winter) to 8.6% (spri ...	2016	27231919
a glutamic acid decarboxylase (cggad) highly expressed in hemocytes of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), a rate-limiting enzyme to catalyze the reaction converting the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba), not only functions in nervous system, but also plays important roles in immunomodulation in vertebrates. however, gad has rarely been reported in invertebrates, and never in molluscs. in the present study, one gad homologue (designed as cggad) was identified from pacific oyster crassostrea gigas. the ful ...	2016	27208883
the simple neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in oyster crassostrea gigas mediates complex functions.	the neuroendocrine-immune (nei) regulatory network is a complex system, which plays an indispensable role in the immunity of the host. in the present study, the bioinformatical analysis of the transcriptomic data from oyster crassostrea gigas and further biological validation revealed that oyster tnf (cgtnf-1 cgi_10018786) could activate the transcription factors nf-κb and hsf (heat shock transcription factor) through mapk signaling pathway, and then regulate apoptosis, redox reaction, neuro-reg ...	2016	27193598
characterization of the gene encoding a fibrinogen-related protein expressed in crassostrea gigas hemocytes.	four exons of the cgfrep1 gene (3333 bp long) encode a putative fibrinogen-related protein (324 aa) bearing a single c-terminal fbg domain. transcripts of the gene obtained from hemocytes of different pacific oysters show prominent individual variation based on snp and indels of tandem repeats resulted in polymorphism of n-terminus of the putative cgfrep1 polypeptide. the polypeptide chain bears n-terminal coiled-coil region potentially acting as inter-subunit interface in the protein oligomeriz ...	2016	27189918
presence of trace metals in aquaculture marine ecosystems of the northwestern mediterranean sea (italy).	information regarding chemical pollutant levels in farmed fish and shellfish, along with the risks associated with their consumption is still scarce. this study was designed to assess levels of exposure to 21 trace elements in fish (dicentrarchus labrax), mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (crassostrea gigas) collected from aquaculture marine ecosystems of the northwestern mediterranean sea. metal concentrations showed great variability in the three species; the highest values of th ...	2016	27179326
characterization of the mantle transcriptome in bivalves: pecten maximus, mytilus edulis and crassostrea gigas.	the calcareous shells secreted by bivalve molluscs display diverse and species specific structural compositions, which indicates possible divergent biomineralization processes. thus, studying multiple mollusc species will provide a more comprehensive understanding of shell formation. here, the transcriptomes of the mantle tissues responsible for shell deposition were characterized in three commercially relevant bivalve species. using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools, de novo t ...	2016	27160853
comparative embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of the herbicide diuron and its metabolites in early life stages of crassostrea gigas: implication of reactive oxygen species production.	herbicides are one of the major classes of pollutants contaminating coastal waters over the world. among them, diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a phenylurea herbicide frequently detected in oyster-producing area, known to be toxic for this important exploited non-target species. with the aim to investigate the mechanisms by which diuron displays its toxicity in oyster, the implication of both biotransformation and oxygen reactive species (ros) production was studied considerin ...	2016	27078212
cloning, characterization, and expression profile of estrogen receptor in common chinese cuttlefish, sepiella japonica.	sex steroid hormones are widely detected in molluscs and play important roles in sex determination, gonadal tissue maturation, and gametogenesis. nevertheless, the signaling pathways of sex steroids in cephalopod have not yet been clearly elucidated. in the present study, a full-length sequence encoding the estrogen receptor (er) was isolated from common chinese cuttlefish, sepiella japonica. the sjer cdna clone was found to contain 1,788 nucleotides including a 1,470 bp open reading frame encod ...	2016	27076436
the categorization and mutual modulation of expanded myd88s in crassostrea gigas.	myd88 serves as a critical cytosolic adaptor mediating activation of nf-κb in innate immunity. it has been found that there is a considerable expansion of myd88 in crassostrea gigas. in the present study, four typical myd88 genes in crassostrea gigas (cgmyd88-a to cgmyd88-d) were successfully cloned and their potential functions were investigated together with another two known ones (cgmyd88-t1 and cgmyd88-t2). multiple alignments revealed that cgmyd88-b and cgmyd88-c remained the conserved dd a ...	2016	27074442
the influence of ph and waterborne metals on egg fertilization of the blue mussel (mytilus edulis), the oyster (crassostrea gigas) and the sea urchin (paracentrotus lividus).	this study evaluated the combined effect of ph and metals on the egg fertilization process of two estuarine species, the blue mussel (mytilus edulis), the oyster (crassostrea gigas) and a marine species, the sea urchin (paracentrotus lividus). the success of egg fertilization was examined after exposure of gametes to sediment extracts of various degrees of contamination at ph 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0. at the ph levels from 6.5 to 8.0, the egg fertilization of the different species demonstrated ...	2016	27068916
oysters and vibrios as a model for disease dynamics in wild animals.	disease dynamics in the wild are influenced by a number of ecological and evolutionary factors not addressed by traditional laboratory-based characterization of pathogens. here we propose the oyster, crassostrea gigas, as a model for studying the interaction of the environment, bacterial pathogens, and the host in disease dynamics. we show that an important first step is to ask whether the functional unit of pathogenesis is a bacterial clone, a population, or a consortium in order to assess trig ...	2016	27038736
transcriptomics provides insight into mytilus galloprovincialis (mollusca: bivalvia) mantle function and its role in biomineralisation.	the mantle is an organ common to all molluscs and is at the forefront of the biomineralisation process. the present study used the mediterranean mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis) as a model species to investigate the structural and functional role of the mantle in shell formation. the transcriptomes of three regions of the mantle edge (umbo to posterior edge) were sequenced using illumina technology which yielded a total of 61,674,325 reads after adapter trimming and filtering. the raw reads as ...	2016	27037218
matrix effects on a cell-based assay used for the detection of paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalve shellfish samples.	detecting marine biotoxins such as paralytic shellfish toxins (psts) is essential to ensuring the safety of seafood. the mouse bioassay is the internationally accepted method for monitoring psts, but technical and ethical issues have led to a search for new detection methods. the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (neuro-2a cba) using ouabain and veratridine (o/v) has proven useful for the detection of psts. however, cbas are sensitive to shellfish-associated matrix interferences. as the extra ...	2016	27002718
transcriptional changes in crassostrea gigas oyster spat following a parental exposure to the herbicide diuron.	the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas is the main oyster species produced in the world, and a key coastal economic resource in france. high mortalities affect pacific oysters since 2008 in france and europe. their origins have been attributed to a combination of biotic and abiotic factors, underlining the importance of environment quality. the impact of water pollution has been pointed out and one of the pollutants, the genotoxic herbicide diuron, occurs at high concentrations all along the frenc ...	2016	26994368
a high-density snp genetic linkage map and qtl analysis of growth-related traits in a hybrid family of oysters (crassostrea gigas × crassostrea angulata) using genotyping-by-sequencing.	oysters are among the most important species in global aquaculture. crassostrea gigas, and its subspecies c. angulata, are the major cultured species. to determine the genetic basis of growth-related traits in oysters, we constructed a second-generation linkage map from 3367 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) based on genotyping-by-sequencing, genotyped from a c. gigas × c. angulata hybrid family. these 3367 snps were distributed on 1695 markers, which were assigned to 10 linkage groups. the ...	2016	26994291
caspase-3 serves as an intracellular immune receptor specific for lipopolysaccharide in oyster crassostrea gigas.	apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death process controlled by a family of cysteine proteases called caspases, which plays a crucial role in the immune system homeostasis. the apoptosis and the detailed regulation mechanism have been well studied in vertebrate, but the information in lower animals, especially invertebrates, is still very limited. in the present study, caspase-3 in the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas (designated cgcaspase-3) was enriched by lipopolysaccharide (lps) affinity ...	2016	26993662
calcium mobilisation following shell damage in the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.	shell growth of oysters requires calcium uptake from the environment and transport to the area of shell formation. a shell regeneration assay in combination with radiolabelled calcium was used to investigate uptake and distribution of calcium to different tissues and hemolymph fractions in pacific oysters, crassostrea gigas (bivalvia, ostreoida). oysters were notched at the shell margin and subsequently sampled for hemolymph and grading of shell regeneration during a two week experimental period ...	2016	26992942
quantitative analysis of oyster larval proteome provides new insights into the effects of multiple climate change stressors.	the metamorphosis of planktonic larvae of the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) underpins their complex life-history strategy by switching on the molecular machinery required for sessile life and building calcite shells. metamorphosis becomes a survival bottleneck, which will be pressured by different anthropogenically induced climate change-related variables. therefore, it is important to understand how metamorphosing larvae interact with emerging climate change stressors. to predict how larva ...	2016	26990129
levels of pcbs in oysters coming from galicia coast: comparison to mussels from the same region.	pcbs were analyzed in two species of oyster (crassostrea gigas and ostrea edulis) cultured in intertidal beds and rafts coming from the galician rías during the period 2011-2014. pcbs were also analyzed in mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis) collected in the same rías during 2011. the main objective of this work is to investigate the distribution of pcbs in galician oysters and to study their suitability as bioindicator in comparison to mussels. the levels of σpcbs (ten congeners) ranged from 5.5 ...	2016	26988224
metal bioaccumulation and physiological condition of the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) reared in two shellfish basins and a marina in normandy (northwest france).	a 5-month experiment combining a geochemical survey of metals with a bioaccumulation study in batches of crassostrea gigas was conducted in two shellfish farming areas and a marina in normandy (france). various endpoints at different levels of biological organization were studied. rocch data showed differences in biota contamination between the two shellfish areas but the present study revealed only slight differences in metallic contamination and biomarkers. by contrast, significantly different ...	2016	26975610
the inhibitory role of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on immunomodulation of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter to suppress the immune-mediated pro-inflammatory reactions, and it has been used in the treatment of many inflammation-related diseases in vertebrates, while its immunomodulatory role in invertebrates has never been reported. in the present study, gaba was found to exist in the hemolymph of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas, and its concentration decreased slightly from 8.00 ± 0.37 μmol l(-1) at normal condition to 7.73 ± 0.15 μmol l(-1 ...	2016	26975413
genetic variation and breeding signature in mass selection lines of the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) assessed by snp markers.	in breeding industries, a challenging problem is how to keep genetic diversity over generations. to investigate genetic variation and identify breeding signatures in mass selected lines of pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas), three sixth-generation selected lines and four wild populations were assessed using 103 single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers. the genetic diversity data indicated that the selected lines exhibited a significant reduction in the observed heterozygosity and observed nu ...	2016	26954577
a novel ubiquitin-protein ligase e3 functions as a modulator of immune response against lipopolysaccharide in pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.	ubiquitination is an important post-translational protein modification and plays a crucial role in various processes such as cell cycle, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. in the present study, a novel ubiquitin (ub)-protein ligase e3 (designed as cge3rv1) was identified from crassostrea gigas, and its ubiquitination regulation in the immune response against lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation was investigated. the open reading frame of cge3rv1 gene was of 1455 bp encoding a p ...	2016	26928091
ecological assessment of a heavily human-stressed area in the gulf of milazzo, central mediterranean sea: an integrated study of biological, physical and chemical indicators.	marine environmental disturbance can be assessed directly from physical and chemical parameters, or indirectly by the study of indicator species. in this study, an integrated approach to monitor the gulf of milazzo, labeled as a highly contaminated site, is presented. a total of 83 samples were collected from hard and soft bottoms in 2010. in sum, 2739 specimens belonging to 246 taxa, two first records for the tyrrhenian sea (micronephthys stammeri and nicomache lumbricalis) and three nonindigen ...	2016	26917095
conserved hemopoietic transcription factor cg-scl delineates hematopoiesis of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	hemocytes are the effective immunocytes in bivalves, which have been reported to be derived from stem-like cells in gill epithelium of oyster. in the present work, a conserved haematopoietic transcription factor tal-1/scl (stem cell leukemia) was identified in pacific oyster (cg-scl), and it was evolutionarily close to the orthologs in deuterostomes. cg-scl was highly distributed in the hemocytes as well as gill and mantle. the hemocyte specific genes integrin, ecsod and haematopoietic transcrip ...	2016	26915307
bivalve-specific gene expansion in the pearl oyster genome: implications of adaptation to a sessile lifestyle.	bivalve molluscs have flourished in marine environments, and many species constitute important aquatic resources. recently, whole genome sequences from two bivalves, the pearl oyster, pinctada fucata, and the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, have been decoded, making it possible to compare genomic sequences among molluscs, and to explore general and lineage-specific genetic features and trends in bivalves. in order to improve the quality of sequence data for these purposes, we have updated the ...	2016	26900483
metals and pesticides in commercial bivalve mollusc production areas in the north and south bays, santa catarina (brazil).	concentrations of heavy metals were quantified in mussels perna perna and pacific oysters crassostrea gigas in 28 cultivation sites in the north and south bays, sc (brazil). concentrations of pesticides were also quantified in these bivalve, water and sediment samples collected in 14 cultivation sites on four occasions in the period october 2012-october 2013. pesticides were not detected in any of the mussel, oyster, water or sediment samples. the south bay was found to be generally more contami ...	2016	26897362
exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium catenella modulates juvenile oyster crassostrea gigas hemocyte variables subjected to different biotic conditions.	the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas is an important commercial species cultured throughout the world. oyster production practices often include transfers of animals into new environments that can be stressful, especially at young ages. this study was undertaken to determine if a toxic alexandrium bloom, occurring repeatedly in french oyster beds, could modulate juvenile oyster cellular immune responses (i.e. hemocyte variables). we simulated planting on commercial beds by conducting a cohabitat ...	2016	26882980
genome-wide identification and characterization of long intergenic noncoding rnas and their potential association with larval development in the pacific oyster.	an increasing amount of evidence suggests that long intergenic noncoding rnas (lincrnas) may play diverse roles in many cellular processes. however, little is known about lincrnas in marine invertebrates. here, we presented the first identification and characterization of lincrnas in the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas). we developed a pipeline and identified 11,668 lincrnas in c. gigas based on rna-seq resources available. these lincrnas exhibited many common characteristics with vertebrate l ...	2016	26861843
gills as a glutathione-dependent metabolic barrier in pacific oysters crassostrea gigas: absorption, metabolism and excretion of a model electrophile.	the mercapturic acid pathway (map) is a major phase ii detoxification route, comprising the conjugation of electrophilic substances to glutathione (gsh) in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione s-transferase (gst) enzymes. in mammals, gsh-conjugates are exported from cells, and the gsh-constituent amino acids (glu/gly) are subsequently removed by ectopeptidases. the resulting cys-conjugates are reabsorbed and, finally, a mercapturic acid is generated through n-acetylation. this pathway, though ver ...	2016	26859778
oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics.	plastics are persistent synthetic polymers that accumulate as waste in the marine environment. microplastic (mp) particles are derived from the breakdown of larger debris or can enter the environment as microscopic fragments. because filter-feeder organisms ingest mp while feeding, they are likely to be impacted by mp pollution. to assess the impact of polystyrene microspheres (micro-ps) on the physiology of the pacific oyster, adult oysters were experimentally exposed to virgin micro-ps (2 and ...	2016	26831072
correction: extraction and identification of the pigment in the adductor muscle scar of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.		2016	26829398
serum amyloid a in marine bivalves: an acute phase and innate immunity protein.	serum amyloid a (saa) is among the most potent acute phase proteins (app) in vertebrates. after injury, its early expression can dramatically increase to promote the recruitment of immuno-competent cells, expression of pro-inflammatory proteins and the activation of the innate immune defences. although app have been studied in many vertebrates, only recently their search was extended to invertebrates and the finding of saa-like molecules has opened new questions on the immune-regulatory function ...	2016	26828389
mining the transcriptomes of four commercially important shellfish species for single nucleotide polymorphisms within biomineralization genes.	transcriptional profiling not only provides insights into patterns of gene expression, but also generates sequences that can be mined for molecular markers, which in turn can be used for population genetic studies. as part of a large-scale effort to better understand how commercially important european shellfish species may respond to ocean acidification, we therefore mined the transcriptomes of four species (the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas, the blue mussel mytilus edulis, the great scallop ...	2016	26806806
the immunological capacity in the larvae of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	as the immune system has not fully developed during early developmental stages, bivalve larvae are more susceptible for pathogens, which frequently leads to the significant mortality in hatcheries. in the present study, the development of immune system and its response against bacteria challenge were investigated in order to characterize the repertoire of immunological capacity of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas during the ontogenesis. the phagocytosis was firstly observed in the early d-velige ...	2016	26806166
proteomic analysis of hemolymph from poly(i:c)-stimulated crassostrea gigas.	synthetic double stranded rna (poly(i:c)) injection of crassostrea gigas results in a systemic antiviral response involving many evolutionary conserved antiviral effectors (isgs). compared to mammals, the timing of c. gigas isg expression to viral or poly(i:c) injection is delayed (>12 h p.i.). it could be interpreted that a cytokine is responsible for the systemic, but delayed expression of c. gigas isgs. we therefore analysed the acellular fraction of c. gigas hemolymph by two-dimensional elec ...	2016	26578249
antihypertensive activity of polysaccharide from crassostrea gigas.	water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis with flavourzyme and filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated using absolute ethanol. sugar composition analysis performed on the c. gigas polysaccharide (cgp) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a tsk-gel g5000pw column to be ∼3.413×10(6) da. next, the antihypertensive activity of cgp was evaluated in rats. hype ...	2016	26642842
bioaccumulation of metallic trace elements and organic pollutants in marine sponges from the south brittany coast, france.	the purpose of this study was to compare the accumulation of metallic and organic pollutants in marine sponges with the oyster crassostrea gigas used as sentinel species. the concentrations of 12 metallic trace elements (mtes), 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and 3 organotin derivatives were measured in 7 marine sponges collected in the etel river (south brittany, france). results indicated al, co, cr, fe, pb, and ti particularly accumulated in mar ...	2016	26634290
parental exposure to the herbicide diuron results in oxidative dna damage to germinal cells of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	chemical pollution by pesticides has been identified as a possible contributing factor to the massive mortality outbreaks observed in crassostrea gigas for several years. a previous study demonstrated the vertical transmission of dna damage by subjecting oyster genitors to the herbicide diuron at environmental concentrations during gametogenesis. this trans-generational effect occurs through damage to genitor-exposed gametes, as measured by the comet-assay. the presence of dna damage in gametes ...	2016	26610786
inheritance and variation of genomic dna methylation in diploid and triploid pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas).	dna methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that could be responsive to environmental changes indicating a potential role in natural selection and adaption. in order to evaluate an evolutionary role of dna methylation, it is essential to first gain a better insight into inheritability. to address this question, this study investigated dna methylation variation from parents to offspring in the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas using fluorescent-labeled methylation-sensitive amplified poly ...	2016	26585587
combined effects of pollutants and salinity on embryo-larval development of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.	for several years, low larval recruitment has been observed in arcachon bay, in southwest france. exposure to pollutants could partly account for the reduction of early life stages of the pacific oyster. this study evaluated the effects of copper and s-metolachlor in combination with salinity on the early life stages of crassostrea gigas. embryos were exposed to concentrations of copper (1, 10 and 50 μg l(-1)) or s-metolachlor (10, 100 and 1000 ng l(-1)) and six salinities (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 an ...	2016	26583531
desiccation as a mitigation tool to manage biofouling risks: trials on temperate taxa to elucidate factors influencing mortality rates.	the desiccation tolerance of biofouling taxa (adults and early life-stages) was determined under both controlled and 'realistic' field conditions. adults of the ascidian ciona spp. died within 24 h. mortality in the adult blue mussel mytilus galloprovincialis occurred within 11 d under controlled conditions, compared with 7 d when held outside. the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas was the most desiccation-tolerant taxon tested (up to 34 d under controlled conditions). biofouling orientated to di ...	2016	26691450
non-additive effects of ocean acidification in combination with warming on the larval proteome of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.	increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide results in ocean acidification and warming, significantly impacting marine invertebrate larvae development. we investigated how ocean acidification in combination with warming affected d-veliger larvae of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas. larvae were reared for 40h under either control (ph8.1, 20 °c), acidified (ph7.9, 20 °c), warm (ph8.1, 22 °c) or warm acidified (ph7.9, 22 °c) conditions. larvae in acidified conditions were significantly smaller than i ...	2016	26657130
the role of tissue-specific microbiota in initial establishment success of pacific oysters.	microbiota can have positive and negative effects on hosts depending on the environmental conditions. therefore, it is important to decipher host-microbiota-environment interactions, especially under natural conditions exerting (a)biotic stress. here, we assess the relative importance of microbiota in different tissues of pacific oyster for its successful establishment in a new environment. we transplanted oysters from the southern to the northern wadden sea and controlled for the effects of res ...	2016	26695476
effects of ocean acidification on immune responses of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	ocean acidification (oa), caused by anthropogenic co2emissions, has been proposed as one of the greatest threats in marine ecosystems. a growing body of evidence shows that ocean acidification can impact development, survival, growth and physiology of marine calcifiers. in this study, the immune responses of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas were investigated after elevated pco2 exposure for 28 days. the results demonstrated that oa caused an increase of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species ...	2016	26706224
gene co-expression network analysis reveals the correlation patterns among genes in euryhaline adaptation of crassostrea gigas.	the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas is a dominant aquaculture species in many intertidal zones throughout the pacific and atlantic oceans and can tolerate a wide range of salinity. studying the gene expression profiles of oyster gills had found differentially expressed genes (degs) involved in salinity tolerance. a systematic study of cellular response to salinity stress may provide insights into the mechanism of acquired salinity tolerance. here, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (w ...	2016	27704223
high expression of new genes in trochophore enlightening the ontogeny and evolution of trochozoans.	animals with trochophore larvae belong to trochozoa, one of the main branches of bilateria. in addition to exhibiting spiral cleavage and early cell fate determination, trochozoans typically undergo indirect development, which contributes to the most unique characteristics of their ontogeny. the indirect development of trochozoans has provoked discussion regarding the origin and evolution of marine larvae and is interesting from the perspective of phylogeny-ontogeny correspondence. while these p ...	2016	27698463
effects of an environmentally relevant concentration of diuron on oyster genitors during gametogenesis: responses of early molecular and cellular markers and physiological impacts.	genitors of the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas were submitted during gametogenesis to a short pulse exposure to the herbicide diuron at a realistic environmental concentration. histological analysis showed no effect of diuron on gametogenesis course, sex ratio and reproductive effort. a non-significant increase in testosterone and progesterone levels was observed in genitors exposed to the herbicide. at cell level, diuron exposure was shown to modulate the phagocytic activity of circulating he ...	2016	26780042
sperm accumulated against surface: a novel alternative bioassay for environmental monitoring.	forecasting the impacts of changes in water quality on broadcast spawning aquatic organisms is a key aspect of environmental monitoring. rapid assays of reproductive potential are central to this monitoring, and there is a need to develop a variety of methods to identify responses. here, we report a proof-of-concept study that assesses whether quantification of "sperm accumulated against surface" (saas) of tissue culture well-plates could be a rapid and simple proxy measure of fertilisation succ ...	2016	26763685
the effects of arsenic and seawater acidification on antioxidant and biomineralization responses in two closely related crassostrea species.	ocean acidification processes are major threats to marine calcifying organisms, mostly affecting biomineralization related processes. abiotic stressors acting on marine systems do not act alone, rather in a combination of multiple stressors, especially in coastal habitats such as estuaries, where anthropogenic and environmental pressures are high. arsenic (as) is a widely distributed contaminant worldwide and its toxicity has been studied on a variety of organisms. however, the effect of low ph ...	2016	26760276
genetic inviability is a major driver of type iii survivorship in experimental families of a highly fecund marine bivalve.	the offspring of most highly fecund marine fish and shellfish suffer substantial mortality early in the life cycle, complicating prediction of recruitment and fisheries management. early mortality has long been attributed to environmental factors and almost never to genetic sources. previous work on a variety of marine bivalve species uncovered substantial genetic inviability among the offspring of inbred crosses, suggesting a large load of early-acting deleterious recessive mutations. however, ...	2016	26756438
acute effects of non-weathered and weathered crude oil and dispersant associated with the deepwater horizon incident on the development of marine bivalve and echinoderm larvae.	acute toxicity tests (48-96-h duration) were conducted with larvae of 2 echinoderm species (strongylocentrotus purpuratus and dendraster excentricus) and 4 bivalve mollusk species (crassostrea virginica, crassostrea gigas, mytilus galloprovincialis, and mercenaria mercenaria). developing larvae were exposed to water-accommodated fractions (wafs) and chemically enhanced water-accommodated fractions (cewafs) of fresh and weathered oils collected from the gulf of mexico during the deepwater horizon ...	2016	26749266
expression characterization of stress genes under high and low temperature stresses in the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.	as a characteristic sessile inhabitant of the intertidal zone, the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas occupies one of the most physically stressful environments on earth. with high exposure to terrestrial conditions, oysters must tolerate broad fluctuations in temperature range. however, oysters' cellular and molecular responses to temperature stresses have not been fully characterized. here, we analyzed oyster transcriptome data under high and low temperatures. we also identified over 30 key temp ...	2016	26746430
dynamics of nuclear receptor gene expression during pacific oyster development.	nuclear receptors are a highly conserved set of ligand binding transcription factors, with essential roles regulating aspects of vertebrate and invertebrate biology alike. current understanding of nuclear receptor regulated gene expression in invertebrates remains sparse, limiting our ability to elucidate gene function and the conservation of developmental processes across phyla. here, we studied nuclear receptor expression in the early life stages of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, to id ...	2016	27680968
dna barcoding reveals that the common cupped oyster in taiwan is the portuguese oyster crassostrea angulata (ostreoida; ostreidae), not c. gigas.	the pacific cupped oyster, crassostrea gigas, is one of the major aquacultural shellfish species that has been introduced to europe and america from its native source in the west pacific. in taiwan, the cultivated cupped oysters along the west coast have been identified as c. gigas for over centuries; however, several molecular phylogenetic studies have cast doubt upon the existence of this species in taiwan and adjacent waters. indeed, our analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) se ...	2016	27666088
assessment of the effects of cu and ag in oysters crassostrea gigas (thunberg, 1793) using a battery of cell and tissue level biomarkers.	oysters are considered sentinel organisms in environmental water quality monitoring programs in which cell and tissue level biomarkers are reliable tools. copper (cu) and silver (ag) are present in relatively high concentrations in several estuaries, potentially affecting environmental and human health. crassostrea gigas oysters were exposed during 28 days to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of cu and ag alone or in mixture. effects were studied through cell and tissue level bi ...	2016	27637811
spatial and temporal dynamics of pacific oyster hemolymph microbiota across multiple scales.	unveiling the factors and processes that shape the dynamics of host associated microbial communities (microbiota) under natural conditions is an important part of understanding and predicting an organism's response to a changing environment. the microbiota is shaped by host (i.e., genetic) factors as well as by the biotic and abiotic environment. studying natural variation of microbial community composition in multiple host genetic backgrounds across spatial as well as temporal scales represents ...	2016	27630625
primed for success: oyster parents treated with poly(i:c) produce offspring with enhanced protection against ostreid herpesvirus type i infection.	the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) is farmed globally. ostreid herpesvirus (oshv-1) causes severe mortalities of farmed c. gigas. management of oshv-1 has proven difficult. oysters treated with poly(i:c) exhibit enhanced protection (ep) against oshv-1. this chemical treatment is highly effective, but it is not feasible to treat every oyster on a farm. to circumvent this practical limitation, previous studies on arthropods have suggested that ep can be transferred from parents to their offspr ...	2016	27616590
genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing provides insights into stress adaptation of the pacific oyster.	alternative splicing (as) is thought to enhance transcriptome diversity dramatically and play an important role in stress adaptation. while well studied in vertebrates, as remains poorly understood in invertebrates. here, we used high-throughput rna-sequencing data to perform a genome-wide survey of as in the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas), an economically important mollusk that is cultivated worldwide. this analysis identified 8223 as events corresponding to 4480 genes in the pacific oyster ...	2016	27771778
a bioinformatics approach reveals seven nearly-complete rna-virus genomes in bivalve rna-seq data.	viral metagenomics (viromics) can provide a great contribution in expanding the knowledge of viruses and the relationship with their hosts. viromic studies on marine organisms are still at a very early stage and only little efforts have been spent in the identification of viruses associated to marine invertebrates to date, leaving the complexity of marine viromes associated to bivalve hosts almost completely unexplored. however, the potential use of viromic approaches in the management of viral ...	2016	27769778
cga1ar-1 acts as an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor in oyster crassostrea gigas mediating both cellular and humoral immune response.	we have now cloned an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor (a1ar) from the cdna library of oyster crassostrea gigas, designating as cga1ar-1. the full length of cga1ar-1 was 1149 bp and it encodes a protein of 382 amino acids containing a 7 transmembrane domain, whose putative topology was similar to the a1ars in higher organisms and shared similarity of 19% with mammalian a1ars according to the phylogenic analysis. after cell transfection of cga1ar-1 into hek293t cells and the incubation with its specif ...	2016	27633678
hsp70 gene expansions in the scallop patinopecten yessoensis and their expression regulation after exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium catenella.	heat shock protein 70 (hsp70s) family members are present in virtually all living organisms and perform a fundamental role against different types of environmental stressors and pathogenic organisms. marine bivalves live in highly dynamic environments and may accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (psts), a class of well-known neurotoxins closely associated with harmful algal blooms (habs). here, we provide a systematic analysis of hsp70 genes (pyhsp70s) in the genome of yesso scallop (patinopect ...	2016	27633676
coverage recommendation for genotyping analysis of highly heterologous species using next-generation sequencing technology.	next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology is being applied to an increasing number of non-model species and has been used as the primary approach for accurate genotyping in genetic and evolutionary studies. however, inferring genotypes from sequencing data is challenging, particularly for organisms with a high degree of heterozygosity. this is because genotype calls from sequencing data are often inaccurate due to low sequencing coverage, and if this is not accounted for, genotype uncertainty ...	2016	27760996
the demographic consequences of growing older and bigger in oyster populations.	structured population models, particularly size- or age-structured, have a long history of informing conservation and natural resource management. while size is often easier to measure than age and is the focus of many management strategies, age-structure can have important effects on population dynamics that are not captured in size-only models. however, relatively few studies have included the simultaneous effects of both age- and size-structure. to better understand how population structure, ...	2016	27755725
a novel p38 mapk indentified from crassostrea hongkongensis and its involvement in host response to immune challenges.	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are conserved serine/threonine-specific kinases that are activated by various extracellular stimuli and play crucial regulatory roles in immunity, development and homeostasis. however, the function of p38s in mollusks, the second most diverse group of animals, is still poorly understood. in this study, a novel molluscan p38 (designated chp38) was cloned and characterized from the hong kong oyster crassostrea hongkongensis. its full-length cdna encode ...	2016	27768933
heterologous expression of the crassostrea gigas (pacific oyster) alternative oxidase in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.	alternative oxidase (aox) is a terminal oxidase within the inner mitochondrial membrane (imm) present in many organisms where it functions in the electron transport system (ets). aox directly accepts electrons from ubiquinol and is therefore capable of bypassing ets complexes iii and iv. the human genome does not contain a gene coding for aox, so aox expression has been suggested as a gene therapy for a range of human mitochondrial diseases caused by genetic mutations that render complex iii and ...	2016	27816999
characterization of cghifα-like, a novel bhlh-pas transcription factor family member, and its role under hypoxia stress in the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.	hypoxia-inducible factor (hif), a critical member of the basic-helix-loop-helix (bhlh)-containing per-arnt-sim (pas) protein family, is a master transcription factor involved in maintaining oxygen homeostasis. in the present study, we isolated and characterized a novel bhlh-pas family member, cghifα-like gene, from the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas, and determined its importance during hypoxia stress. the 3020-bp cghifα-like cdna encoded a protein of 888 amino acids. the predicted cghifα-like ...	2016	27814402