Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in motile aeromonads and pseudomonads from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in australia. | a total of 129 pseudomonas spp. and 90 aeromonas spp. were isolated from nine rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in australia. all the isolates were tested for sensitivity to 15 antibiotics and the multiresistant strains were tested for sensitivity to seven heavy metals. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by the agar dilution method. in pseudomonas spp., resistance to amoxicillin, cefalothin, ceftiofur, ticarcillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, nitrofu ... | 2007 | 17524624 |
| invading rainbow trout usurp a terrestrial prey subsidy from native charr and reduce their growth and abundance. | movements of prey organisms across ecosystem boundaries often subsidize consumer populations in adjacent habitats. human disturbances such as habitat degradation or non-native species invasions may alter the characteristics or fate of these prey subsidies, but few studies have measured the direct effects of this disruption on the growth and local abundance of predators in recipient habitats. here we present evidence, obtained from a combined experimental and comparative study in northern japan, ... | 2007 | 17530293 |
| relative quantification of immune-regulatory genes in two rainbow trout strains, oncorhynchus mykiss, after exposure to myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease. | expression of immune-regulatory genes that code for cyclooxigenase-2 (cox-2), transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta), and two isoforms of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta1 and il-1beta2) was studied in susceptible and non-susceptible rainbow trout strains for 200 days after exposure to myxobolus cerebralis. expression of cox-2, il-1beta1, and il-1beta2 increased 5 min post exposure (p.e.) and was always more elevated in the susceptible strain than in the non-susceptible strain. in both strains, e ... | 2007 | 17530478 |
| maximum cardiac performance and adrenergic sensitivity of the sea bass dicentrarchus labrax at high temperatures. | we examined maximum cardiac performance of sea bass dicentrarchus labrax acclimated to 18 degrees c and 22 degrees c, temperatures near the optimum for growth of this species. our aim was to study whether cardiac performance, especially the effect of adrenergic stimulation, differed when compared to salmonids. sea bass and salmonids are both athletic swimmers but their cardiac anatomy differs markedly. the sea bass ventricle does not receive any oxygenated blood via a coronary circulation while ... | 2007 | 17371920 |
| bacterial-binding activity and plasma concentration of ladderlectin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | soluble, defense lectins bind conserved microbial patterns leading to pathogen opsonization, enhanced phagocytosis and activation of complement. these immune functions, however, vary widely among individuals due to genetic and acquired differences affecting binding capacity or plasma concentration. most evidence for the defensive function of soluble lectins is based on mammals, but several functionally homologous, but less well-characterized, lectins have been identified in fish. in this study, ... | 2007 | 17383895 |
| safety and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we studied the safety and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine (ichtiovac-lg) against lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in an initial dose-response experiment to test safety, we injected 50 rainbow trout weighing 30-40 g with a double dose of vaccine (0.2 ml) intraperitoneally. we observed these fish three times a day until day 50 post-vaccination when they were killed to evaluate visceral reactions, adhesions and intraperitoneal absorption. survival was 100% in both the ... | 2007 | 17386951 |
| apolipoprotein a-i, an antimicrobial protein in oncorhynchus mykiss: evaluation of its expression in primary defence barriers and plasma levels in sick and healthy fish. | antimicrobial proteins and peptides play an important role in the primary defence barriers in vertebrates and invertebrates. in a previous study it was shown that high-density lipoprotein (hdl) and its major apolipoproteins, apoa-i and apoa-ii display antimicrobial activity in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the aim of this study was to evaluate if apoa-i conserves this defensive function in a salmonid fish like the rainbow trout, in spite of the low level of primary sequence conservation between ... | 2007 | 17391986 |
| a nlrr-1 gene is expressed in migrating slow muscle cells of the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryo. | nlrr-l (neuronal leucine-rich repeat-l) is a transmembrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule regulating morphogenesis. a previous study in the mouse reported that the somitic expression of nlrr-1 is restricted to the dorsal lip of the dermomyotome that gives rise to the epaxial muscle. in this study, we report the expression of a nlrr-1 gene in the trout-developing somite. whole mount in situ hybridization showed that nlrr-l transcript accumulated in a rostro-caudal wave in the ... | 2007 | 17394015 |
| a toxin-like gene in rainbow trout: cloning, expression, and gene organization. | the 'three-finger' protein family consists of structurally related proteins which display a variety of biological functions. snake venom alpha-neurotoxins, ly-6 alloantigens, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (upar) and the complement regulatory protein cd59 are members of this protein family. their characteristic feature is the disposition of four disulfide bridges forming a hydrophobic core. here it is reported the cloning and characterization of a toxin-like gene (toxin-1) in the ... | 2007 | 17400269 |
| electrophoretic and western blot analyses of the lipopolysaccharide and glycocalyx of flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs) and it has emerged as one of the most significant bacterial pathogens in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. previous studies have suggested that the o-polysaccharide (o-ps) component of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of f. psychrophilum is highly immunogenic and may be involved in eliciting a protective immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). in the ... | 2007 | 17420143 |
| identification of potential vaccine target antigens by immunoproteomic analysis of a virulent and a non-virulent strain of the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs). to identify antigens associated with virulence or host immunity, we compared total and immunogenic proteins of cellular and extracellular products (ecp) between a virulent (csf-259-93) and non-virulent (atcc 49418) strain of f. psychrophilum. one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total cellular proteins revealed only minor differ ... | 2007 | 17425262 |
| evaluation of a range of doses of ultraviolet irradiation to inactivate waterborne actinospore stages of myxobolus cerebralis. | the ability of a range of doses of ultraviolet irradiation (uv) to inactivate the waterborne actinospore or triactinomyxon stages (tams) of myxobolus cerebralis was evaluated by infectivity for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. tams were uv-irradiated using a low pressure mercury vapour lamp collimated beam apparatus. all doses 40, 80, 120 and 160 mj cm(-2) were found to completely inactivate the tams as demonstrated by the absence of microscopic lesions, myxospores and parasite dna de ... | 2007 | 17432040 |
| cytokine expression in the intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) during infection with aeromonas salmonicida. | gene expression of a number of cytokines in the intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated after challenge with a pathogenic strain of aeromonas salmonicida. fish were exposed to a. salmonicida by immersion in a bacterial suspension (bath challenge) and tissue samples of the distal and proximal intestine were collected at days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 post-exposure. head kidney tissue was also collected to assess the effect in a systemic immune tissue. a classic profile of pro-inf ... | 2007 | 17434320 |
| cpg oligodeoxynucleotides up-regulate antibacterial systems and induce protection against bacterial challenge in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effects of unmethylated cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) on the mammalian immune system are relatively well studied but much less is known of their effects on the immune systems of different fish species. here we show that cpg odns significantly enhance the survival of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following bacterial challenge when used both as stand-alone prophylactic agents, or as adjuvants to a commercially available vaccine. they are also capable of increasing serum lysozyme activi ... | 2007 | 17459727 |
| serological, virological and histopathological study of an outbreak of sleeping disease in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | a prospective longitudinal survey for sleeping disease (sd) was carried out over a 20 wk period on a caged freshwater population of farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mkyiss. pancreas, heart and red and white skeletal muscle were examined histologically and the presence and severity of lesions recorded. sera were tested for viraemia with salmonid alphavirus (sav) and for virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies. viraemia was detected for 4 wk, beginning at week 6 and with a peak prevalence of 57.9% at ... | 2007 | 17465304 |
| characterization of virus/double-stranded rna-dependent induction of antimicrobial peptide hepcidin in trout macrophages. | hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide responsive to bacterial infection. we report the characterization of a virus/double-stranded rna (dsrna) induction of hepcidin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). increased level of hepcidin mrna was observed in trout macrophage rts11 cells treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly i:c), a mimic of viral dsrna. the induction was also observed in poly i:c-injected trout, demonstrating that it is a bona fide biological response. the induction was n ... | 2007 | 17498800 |
| ultrastructural effects of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, clofibric acid, metoprolol, diclofenac) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | in order to assess potential effects of human pharmaceuticals in aquatic wildlife, laboratory experiments were conducted with carbamazepine, clofibric acid, metoprolol, and diclofenac using fish as test organisms. for each substance, at least one environmentally relevant concentration was tested. in liver, kidney, and gills of trout and carp exposed to carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and metoprolol, ultrastructural effects were qualitatively described and semi-quantitatively assessed. the obtaine ... | 2007 | 17216161 |
| endocrine and orexigenic actions of growth hormone secretagogues in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effects of growth hormone secretagogues (ghss) on the teleost somatotropic axis are poorly understood, particularly with respect to insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and the igf-binding proteins (igfbps). to assess the endocrine and orexigenic responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to ghs treatment, animals were injected with human ghrh(1-29)-amide, kp-102 or rat ghrelin at 0, 1 or 10 pmol/g body mass. feed intake was tested at 2 and 5 h post-injection and plasma levels of growt ... | 2007 | 17240179 |
| detection of the bacterium flavobacterium psychrophilum from a natural infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), using formalin-fixed, wax-embedded fish tissues. | the bacterial pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum was successfully identified from formalin-fixed, wax-embedded tissue blocks of infected rainbow trout heart and spleen tissues, using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay. filamentous bacteria were observed in haematoxylin and eosin and giemsa-stained sections but no bacteria were recovered from the diseased fish using standard bacteriology isolation techniques. all infected fish had histopathological evidence of myocarditis or rainbow ... | 2007 | 17241403 |
| demonstration of infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) endocytosis in erythrocytes of atlantic salmon. | infectious salmon anaemia (isa) virus (isav) is a fish orthomyxovirus that has recently been assigned to the new genus isavirus within the family orthomyxoviridae. it possesses the major functional characteristics of the virus family including haemagglutinating, receptor destroying enzyme (rde), and fusion activities associated with the virion surface proteins. it is generally accepted that isav agglutinates erythrocytes of several fish species and that the isav rde activity dissolves this haema ... | 2007 | 17254352 |
| purification and characterization of calpain and calpastatin from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | although the calpain system has been studied extensively in mammalian animals, much less is known about the properties of mu-calpain, m-calpain, and calpastatin in lower vertebrates such as fish. these three proteins were isolated and partly characterized from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, muscle. trout m-calpain contains an 80-kda large subunit, but the approximately 26-kda small subunit from trout m-calpain is smaller than the 28-kda small subunit from mammalian calpains. trout mu-calpai ... | 2007 | 17276714 |
| expression of inducible cc chemokines in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to a viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) dna vaccine and interleukin 8. | in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), at least three cxc chemokines and eighteen cc chemokine sequences have been discovered in the past years, although no studies concerning their bioactivity have been performed yet. we have studied the expression of five different cc chemokines that cluster into the group of inducible chemokines (ck5a, ck5b, ck6, ck7a and ck7b) in trout injected with a plasmid coding for the glycoprotein g gene (pmcv1.4-g) of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). in a ... | 2007 | 17284335 |
| timing of intraperitoneal administration of beta-1,3/1,6 glucan to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), affects protection against the microsporidian loma salmonae. | 2007 | 17298566 | |
| characterisation of a low pathogenic form of gyrodactylus salaris from rainbow trout. | gyrodactylus salaris was isolated from rainbow trout in a danish freshwater trout farm, and a laboratory population of this particular parasite form was established on rainbow trout. challenge infections were performed using different salmonid strains and species, including east atlantic salmon salmo salar (from the danish river skjernå), baltic salmon s. salar (from the swedish river ume alv) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (from the danish rainbow trout farm fousing). these were compared ... | 2007 | 17330743 |
| in vitro and in vivo differential expression of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mx isoforms in response to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) g gene, poly i:c and vhsv. | three different mx isoforms are known to be present in rainbow trout, however, to date, neither their mechanism of action nor their regulation have been established. because most previous studies have focused only on one mx isoform of the three present in rainbow trout, the expression of all isoforms was simultaneously studied in this work in response to the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) g gene, poly i:c or vhsv. thus, rt-pcr assays were specifically designed to amplify each of the ... | 2007 | 17157032 |
| variation in host preference within gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea): an experimental approach. | the monogenean ectoparasite, gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957, has had a devastating effect on wild atlantic salmon (salmo salar) since its introduction to norway in the mid-1970s. in lake pålsbufjorden, southern norway, upstream of the stretches of the river numedalslågen with anadromous atlantic salmon, a resident arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) population has been reported to be infected with g. salaris which is viable in the absence of its normal host, the atlantic salmon. currently, th ... | 2007 | 17166321 |
| stationary phase culture supernatant containing membrane vesicles induced immunity to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fry syndrome. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (bcwd) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry syndrome (rtfs). logarithmic phase formalin-killed cells (fkc) of f. psychrophilum induced immunity to bcwd in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) by using an oral administration. in this study, we investigated the effective antigens of logarithmic phase cells in rainbow trout. rainbow trout fry immunized with logarithmic phase fkc resulted in near complete protection, ... | 2007 | 17095127 |
| disposition of genistein in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and siberian sturgeon (acipenser baeri). | genistein (g) is a xenoestrogen from soy present in fish diet. in vivo, a 50-fold difference in sensitivity to genistein on vitellogenin (vtg) synthesis was found when comparing trout and sturgeon. this difference was not linked to the estrogen receptor affinity nor to the sensitivity of induction of the vtg pathway. the study was performed to check if differences in the g disposition in the two species could explain their difference of sensitivity to g. a pharmacokinetic analysis of radiolabele ... | 2007 | 17097654 |
| characterization of rainbow trout egg quality: a case study using four different breeding protocols, with emphasis on the incidence of embryonic malformations. | the aim of this study was to set up a methodology to accurately evaluate the effects of various husbandry practices on a fish broodstock based on the developmental potential of the egg. for that purpose, long-short photoperiod manipulations (tested twice, pm1 and pm2 groups), spawning induction by injection of a gnrh analog (si group), and a 16-day post-ovulatory ageing of eggs (poa group) were used in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). females without any treatment were used as a control grou ... | 2007 | 17118435 |
| growth of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w. 1792) in net cages in almus dam lake (tokat). | the growth performance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, (initial weight 100 g) were tried in net cages in almus dam lake in tokat. rainbow trout were tried in net cages with 4 kg m(-3) stocking rearing density with four replicates. rainbow trout were fed adlibitum with pellet feed numbered 4. investigation was continued 106 days between august and november, 2003. at the end of the trial live weight increment was computed as 165,91 g and also specific growth rate 0,915, condition factor 1,5 ... | 2007 | 19069899 |
| microbiological changes occurring in trout fillets (oncorhynchus mykiss w. 1792) salted and treated with potassium sorbate during production and storage. | in this study, microbiological changes during processing and storage of salted-cured trout fillets treated with potassium sorbate were investigated. for this purpose, 10 and 15% (w/w) nacl and 1, 5 and 10% (w/v) potassium sorbate were applied to the fillets. the processed fillets were vacuum-packed and storage at 4 degrees c. the samples were analyzed in some periods of production and in the storage days of 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 for numbers of total mesophilic aerob, psycrophylic, yeast a ... | 2007 | 19070084 |
| vibriosis as an epizootic disease of rainbow trout (onchorynchus mykiss) in turkey. | vibrio anguillarum o1 was isolated from diseased cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, in the southern aegean of turkey with lesions and signs of vibriosis. gram (-), motile and curved rods from diseased rainbow trout were identified after physiological, biochemical and slide agglutination tests as v. anguillarum o1. koch postulates were fulfilled with the isolated bacteria. the antibiotic susceptible test results showed that v. anguillarum strains were susceptibility to amoxycillin, ampyc ... | 2007 | 19086527 |
| morphologic description of infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav)-induced lesions in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss compared to atlantic salmon salmo salar. | in the present study the pathogenesis of experimental infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) infection in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1972) and atlantic salmon salmo salar was compared. the virus infection in the 2 species demonstrated different mortality patterns and pathology characteristics. atlantic salmon showed a typical acute mortality pattern peaking at 8 to 16 d post-infection (dpi) depending on virus dose, whereas in rainbow trout, only the highest virus dose (10(7.13-7 ... | 2007 | 18159667 |
| non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin m (igm) to blocking reagents on elisa plate wells. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is a popular technique for quantifiable detection of specific antibodies in warm-blooded animals, but it has not been accepted for detection of fish antibodies because of its low reproducibility, which is due in part to high background optical density (od) measurements. in the present study, we report that the high background of a fish antibody-detection elisa resulted from non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin m (igm) to blocking reagents on th ... | 2007 | 18159673 |
| in vitro enhancement by cpg odn of phagocytic activity of rainbow trout head kidney phagocytes against fish pathogen vibrio ordalii, but not against polystyrene particles. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidney phagocytes precultured with a synthetic cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) displayed significantly higher phagocytic activity against vibrio ordalii than phagocytes precultured with non-cpg odn. however, head kidney phagocytes precultured with cpg odn did not show enhanced phagocytic activity against polystyrene particles. | 2007 | 18176027 |
| surveillance for ceratomyxa shasta in the puget sound watershed, washington. | discovery of fish exhibiting clinical signs of ceratomyxosis in washington state prompted concern over the potential impact of the myxozoan parasite ceratomyxa shasta on native stocks of steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout). to investigate these concerns, a survey of 16 freshwater systems within the puget sound watershed, including lake washington, was conducted by sentinel exposure of susceptible fish (cutthroat trout o. clarkii and rainbow trout). fish were exposed for 7 d ... | 2007 | 18201052 |
| treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in rainbow trout and common carp with common and alternative therapeutics. | the goal of this laboratory study was to provide better knowledge about the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis (causative agent: ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliate bacteria) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and common carp cyprinus carpio. the following questions were investigated: (1) the effectiveness of different chemicals (formalin, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, perotan, virkon, aquahumin, baycox, and ivomec) and at different concentrations and durations of application, (2) the n ... | 2007 | 18201060 |
| temperature-dependent expression of immune-relevant genes in rainbow trout following yersinia ruckeri vaccination. | the gene expression of immune-relevant genes in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss following vaccination with a bacterin of yersinia ruckeri, a bacterial pathogen causing enteric red mouth disease (erm), was investigated at 5, 15, and 25 degrees c. rainbow trout were immunized by i.p. injection of a water-based y. ruckeri (serotype o1) bacterin, and gene expression profiles were compared to control groups injected with phosphate buffered saline (pbs). blood and tissue samples (spleen and head kid ... | 2007 | 17933396 |
| development of an effective whole-spore vaccine to protect against microsporidial gill disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by using a low-virulence strain of loma salmonae. | in determining the effective vaccine spore dose of a low-virulence strain of loma salmonae to limit microsporidial gill disease in trout, we found that fish receiving 10(3) to 10(5) killed spores had the best protection against experimental infection, with 85% fewer xenomas in their gills than in the controls. intraperitoneal delivery of the vaccine was effective, and the addition of adjuvant did not improve vaccine performance against this disease-causing microsporidian. | 2007 | 17942613 |
| use of site occupancy models to estimate prevalence of myxobolus cerebralis infection in trout. | empirical estimates of pathogen prevalence in samples of fish may underestimate true prevalence because available detection techniques are incapable of perfect detection. trout of several species were collected from enzootic (myxobolus cerebralis, causative agent in whirling disease) habitats, and individual fish were examined for presence of the parasite two or six times by one of four methods: pepsin-trypsin digest (brown trout salmo trutta), plankton centrifuge (brown trout), polymerase chain ... | 2007 | 18236627 |
| gene transcript changes in individual rainbow trout livers following an inflammatory stimulus. | inflammatory stimuli elicit liver synthesis and subsequent release into the plasma of several proteins (positive acute phase proteins, app) with functions in innate immunity, tissue repair and restoration of homeostasis. to expand the basis for evaluating the degree of conservation of the apr in vertebrates and to assess the extent to which genes encoding both cellular and plasma proteins are affected, we profiled transcriptional changes in livers of individual rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss ... | 2007 | 16762566 |
| immune modulation and expression of cytokine genes in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss upon probiotic feeding. | this study elucidates the immune modulation including the expression of cytokine genes following dietary administration of three selected probiotic bacteria--lactobacillus rhamnosus, enterococcus faecium and bacillus subtilis to fish, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. they were fed for 45 days on either a basal control diet or one of the three probiotic diets containing the specific bacteria in freeze-dried form at a density of 10(9)cfugfeed-1. the non-specific immune parameters examined--super ... | 2007 | 17045337 |
| arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) is a suitable host for gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea, gyrodactylidae) in norway. | gyrodactylus specimens infecting both anadromous arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) from river signaldalselva (northern norway) and resident arctic charr from lake pålsbufjorden (southern norway) were identified as g. salaris using molecular markers and morphometrics. the infection in pålsbufjorden represents the first record of a viable g. salaris population infecting a host in the wild in the absence of salmon (salmo salar). g. salaris on charr from signaldalselva and pålsbufjorden bear differe ... | 2007 | 17054822 |
| characterization of twin toll-like receptors from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): evolutionary relationship and induced expression by aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. | structure and function of factors contributing to the innate immune system of lower vertebrates, including fish are only sparsely characterized. we retrieved with rt-pcr cdna copies of two closely related toll-like receptors (tlr) from liver rna of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the cdna sequences are homologous to 95.6%. the phylogenetic analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences places these twin factors closely to other known tlrs from fish. the twin factors are equally expresse ... | 2007 | 17070576 |
| multiple whole bacterial antigens in polyvalent vaccine may result in inhibition of specific responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the goal of fish vaccination today is to protect fish against multiple bacterial fish pathogens simultaneously using polyvalent vaccines. however, many immunological processes such as antigenic cross-reaction, antigenic competition, affinity maturation and antigen-induced suppression may affect the specificity, avidity and level of antibodies. consequently, the biological function of antibodies may be markedly different from that predicted by conventional serologic tests. here, we investigated t ... | 2007 | 16849036 |
| generation of viable fish from cryopreserved primordial germ cells. | an increasing number of wild fish species are in danger of extinction, often as a result of human activities. the cryopreservation of gametes and embryos has great potential for maintaining and restoring threatened species. the conservation of both paternal and maternal genetic information is essential. however, although this technique has been successfully applied to the spermatozoa of many fish species, reliable methods are lacking for the long-term preservation of fish eggs and embryos. here, ... | 2007 | 16998845 |
| cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, infected with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | mammalian cytotoxic t cells as part of the adaptive immune system recognize virus-infected target cells by binding of their t-cell receptors (tcr) to classical mhc class i molecules loaded with viral peptides. our previous studies have shown that the allele of the single dominant polymorphic classical mhc class i locus onmy-uba is identical in the rainbow trout clone c25 and in the permanent rainbow trout cell line rtg-2. this enabled us to develop an assay to measure antiviral cytotoxicity in r ... | 2007 | 16784874 |
| bath vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) against yersinia ruckeri: effects of temperature on protection and gene expression. | protection of rainbow trout fry following bath vaccination with a bacterin of y. ruckeri o1, the bacterial pathogen causing enteric red mouth disease (erm), was investigated at 5, 15 and 25 degrees c. rainbow trout fry were acclimatised for 8 weeks at the three temperatures before vaccination. they were subsequently challenged with y. ruckeri 4 and 8 weeks post-vaccination which demonstrated a significant protection of vaccinated fish kept at 15 degrees c. no protective effect of vaccination in ... | 2008 | 18237828 |
| suggestive association of major histocompatibility ib genetic markers with resistance to bacterial cold water disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | genes within the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are important for both innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals; however, much less is known regarding their contribution in teleost fishes. we examined the involvement of four major histocompatibility (mh) genomic regions in rainbow trout in resistance to the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), flavobacterium psychrophilum. fish from the 2005 ncccwa brood-year (71 full-sib families) were challenged with f. psychro ... | 2008 | 18274824 |
| heads or tails? stressor-specific expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and urotensin i in the preoptic area and caudal neurosecretory system of rainbow trout. | corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)- and urotensin i (ui)-expressing cells of the preoptic area (poa) and caudal neurosecretory system (cnss) are considered key contributors to the regulation of the stress response in fish; however, the expression pattern of these neurons to environmental and social challenges have not been compared in a single study. therefore, we characterized in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) the central distribution of crf and ui expression and quantified the poa and c ... | 2008 | 18310459 |
| cross-species comparison of conazole fungicide metabolites using rat and rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss) hepatic microsomes and purified human cyp 3a4. | ecological risk assessment frequently relies on cross-species extrapolation to predict acute toxicity from chemical exposures. a major concern for environmental risk characterization is the degree of uncertainty in assessing xenobiotic biotransformation processes. although inherently complex, metabolite identification is critical to risk assessment since the product(s) formed may pose a greater toxicological threat than the parent molecule. this issue is further complicated by differences observ ... | 2008 | 18323127 |
| study of the viral interference between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) challenge following a preceding non-lethal infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) was investigated through experimental dual infections. trout initially infected with ipnv were inoculated 14 days later with ihnv. single infections of trout with 1 of the 2 viruses or with cell culture supernatant were also carried out and constituted control groups. no mortality was note ... | 2008 | 18329899 |
| effects of dexamethasone on host innate and adaptive immune responses and parasite development in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss infected with loma salmonae. | the effects of dexamethasone (dex) treatment on infections with the microsporidian parasite, loma salmonae and the effects of dex on initiation of the adaptive immune response were investigated in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss experimentally infected with the parasite. dex treatment resulted in significantly higher infections with the parasite in the gills and other internal organs, suggesting that dex inhibits aspects of the innate immune response to l. salmonae; the heavier infections in ... | 2008 | 18359641 |
| osmotic regulation of a novel flavin-containing monooxygenase in primary cultured cells from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a cdna encoding a hepatic isoform of flavin-containing monooxygenase (hfmo) (ef063736) containing an open reading frame of 1792 base pairs (bp) and encoding 554 amino acids was cloned and sequenced from liver mrna of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the genomic sequence of hfmo was also characterized and was 4.379 kilobases, possessing 10 exons and 9 introns (eu519462). structural analysis of the promoter region showed several cis-acting elements including putative glucocorticoid and osmoreg ... | 2008 | 18372402 |
| a new species of myxozoan (myxosporea) from the brain and spinal cord of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from idaho. | a new species of myxosporea, myxobolus neurotropus n. sp., is described from the brain and spinal cord of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from duncan creek, owyhee county, idaho. spores are oval, have 2 pyriform polar capsules, and possess a thick spore wall (sutural rim) with a short intracapsular offshoot. the mean spore dimensions are length 11.8 microm, width 10.8 microm, and thickness 8.8 microm. this myxozoan is compared to other described myxobolus species found in cranial tissues of ... | 2008 | 18372644 |
| effects of ergosan on the expression of cytokine genes in the liver of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to enteric red mouth vaccine. | the effects of administration of the immunomodulator ergosan, an algal extract containing alginic acid, in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to aquavac vaccination, were tested. juveniles treated with ergosan, 95 days after the beginning of first solid feeding and control fish fed solely on commercial diet, were vaccinated by immersion in aquavac solution. the time-course of the effects of vaccination on liver immunorelated gene modulation and on the tolerance to stress manipu ... | 2008 | 18378002 |
| cloning and mrna expression analysis of an abcg2 (bcrp) efflux transporter in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and primary hepatocytes. | as has been recently demonstrated in mammals, apart from the p-glycoprotein (pgp, abcb) and the mrp-like proteins (mrps, abcc), another efflux transporter - the bcrp (abcg2) - expressed in polarized epithelial cells of different tissues, is involved in regulation of intestinal absorption and biliary excretion of potentially toxic xenobiotics. however, no study has been directed towards identification of bcrp (abcg2) in fish species. in the present study we have cloned the full abcg2 transcript f ... | 2008 | 18381223 |
| carrier-mediated urea transport across the mitochondrial membrane of an elasmobranch (raja erinacea) and a teleost (oncorhynchus mykiss) fish. | in osmoregulating teleost fish, urea is a minor nitrogen excretory product, whereas in osmoconforming marine elasmobranchs it serves as the major tissue organic solute and is retained at relatively high concentrations ( approximately 400 mmol/l). we tested the hypothesis that urea transport across liver mitochondria is carrier mediated in both teleost and elasmobranch fishes. intact liver mitochondria in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) demonstrated two components of urea uptake, a linear com ... | 2008 | 18385468 |
| evaluation of bioavailable hydrocarbon sources and their induction potential in prince william sound, alaska. | to realistically evaluate the consequences of exposure to a complex mixture, we modified a passive sampler technology, the semipermeable membrane device (spmd), which absorbs the bioavailable hydrophobic organic compounds present in an environment. these samplers were deployed in prince william sound (pws), alaska, at locations selected as potential sites of hydrocarbon deposition, as well as in random sites for regional assessment. some of these sites were affected by previous human activity, s ... | 2008 | 18403008 |
| cloning, binding properties, and tissue localization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ladderlectin. | the present paper describes the primary structure, expression and immunohistochemical localization of rainbow trout ladderlectin (rtll), a multimeric serum lectin that binds sepharose and lps of aeromonas salmonicida. two rainbow trout cdnas (504 and 546bp) and a genomic sequence (2kb) were amplified using ladderlectin-specific primers. the sequences were identified as group vii mannose-binding c-type lectins from predicted amino acid sequences and showed highest identity with the atlantic salmo ... | 2008 | 18407519 |
| [aquaporins in gametogenesis of vertebrate animals]. | a review of the data on the presence, localization, and supposed role of aquaporin water channels in oocytes of xenopus laevis, oogenesis and maturation of teleosts sparus auratus and oncorhynchus mykiss, oogenesis and oocyte maturation of rats and mice, and spermatogenesis of several mammalians. | 2008 | 18409379 |
| efficacy of in-feed probiotics against aeromonas bestiarum and ichthyophthirius multifiliis skin infections in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of in-feed probiotics as a preventive measure against skin infections caused by aeromonas bestiarum and ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) in rainbow trout. | 2008 | 18422955 |
| contaminant levels in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and their diets from missouri coldwater hatcheries. | organochlorine and metal contaminants often occur in commercial fish diets and can accumulate in fish to levels of concern for human consumption. contaminant levels were investigated in diet and rainbow trout fillets from missouri coldwater hatcheries used in "put and take" fisheries. the average fillet:diet ratio was <0.1 for lead and cadmium, 0.4-0.6 for organochlorine compounds, and about 0.8 for mercury. trout fillet concentrations for all contaminants were low (<50 ng/g) and below missouri' ... | 2008 | 18425399 |
| demonstrating freedom from gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | this paper describes an approach to demonstrate freedom of individual rainbow trout farms from gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957. the infection status of individual farms is relevant should g. salaris be introduced into a country or zone previously known to be free of the parasite. trade from farms where g. salaris may have been introduced would be restricted until freedom had been demonstrated. cage, fish and parasite sample sizes were calculated based on the minimum detectable prevalence (p* ... | 2008 | 18429441 |
| hemagglutinating activity of serovar reference strains of ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. | in the present study, the hemagglutinating activity of 9 reference strains (serovars a-i) of ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was investigated by using fresh erythrocytes from 15 different species: chicken (broiler, rooster, hen), turkey, pigeon, quail, duck, harris hawk (parabuteo unicinctus), house finch (carpodacus mexicanus), cow, sheep, horse, dog, rabbit, pig, human (groups a, b, ab, and o), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). all 9 strains agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes. none of the ... | 2008 | 18460626 |
| innate immunomodulation with recombinant interferon-alpha enhances resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | we examined the in vivo immunostimulatory effects of a recombinant atlantic salmon (salmo salar) interferon-alpha2 (rsasaifn-alpha2). the mature rsasaifn-alpha2, expressed and purified from escherichia coli, was administered to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) via the oral, immersion, or intraperitoneal (ip) injection route. injection of rsasaifn-alpha2 at 0.1microg/g fish gave significantly greater protection than a phosphate buffered saline (pbs) injection against a lethal challenge of infe ... | 2008 | 18466972 |
| subcellular components of vibrio harveyi and probiotics induce immune responses in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against v. harveyi. | bacterial subcellular components and probiotics were successful for the stimulation of immunity and the prevention of vibrio harveyi infections in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). rainbow trout were immunized with whole inactivated cells of v. harveyi to obtain polyclonal antibodies against specific antigens. western blotting showed a unique reactive band (approximately 93 kda) between serum and bacterial proteins from outer membrane proteins (omp) and extracellular products (ecp). ... | 2008 | 18482381 |
| the a/b domain of the teleost glucocorticoid receptors influences partial nuclear localization in the absence of hormone. | the glucocorticoid (gr) and mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) of extant jawed vertebrates emerged after duplication of an ancestral corticosteroid receptor. the ancestral corticosteroid receptor resembled extant mrs in hormone selectivity, and the different ligand specificity of extant grs is a secondary derived characteristic. an additional characteristic that distinguishes the mammalian gr from the mr is the cellular distribution pattern in the absence of hormone: the naïve gr resides in the cyt ... | 2008 | 18483153 |
| a soluble nonglycosylated recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) g-protein induces ifns in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | viral glycoproteins interact with cell-surface receptors to mediate virus entry and innate immune system activation. we found that a soluble recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus g-protein (rihnv-g) stimulated an early innate immune response mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, ifn1 and ifn-gamma in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. expression of both ifn1 and ifn-gamma mrna transcripts was an early event and was rihnv-g dose-dependent. in addition, preliminary evidence re ... | 2008 | 18499475 |
| transmission of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea) to fredericella sultana (bryozoa: phylactolaemata) by various fish species. | tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a myxozoan parasite of salmonids and freshwater bryozoans, which causes proliferative kidney disease (pkd) in the fish host. to test which fish species are able to transmit t. bryosalmonae to bryozoans, an infection experiment was conducted with 5 pkd-sensitive fish species from different genera. rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout salmo trutta, brook trout salvelinus fontinalis, grayling thymallus thymallus and northern pike esox lucius were cohabitat ... | 2008 | 18500029 |
| identification, cloning and tissue localization of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intelectin-like protein that binds bacteria and chitin. | intelectins are a recently identified group of animal lectins involved in innate immune surveillance. this paper describes the primary structure, expression and immunohistochemical localization of a rainbow trout plasma intelectin (rtint). rtint exhibited calcium-dependent binding to n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and mannose conjugated toyopearl amino 650 m matrices. when glcnac eluates from chromatography matrices were analyzed by reducing 1d page and western blots, the lectin appeared as approx ... | 2008 | 18502147 |
| tollip, a negative regulator of tlr-signalling, is encoded by twin genes in salmonid fish. | the factor tollip is known to dampen tlr2- and tlr4-mediated signalling in mammals. no negative regulator of the piscine tlr-signalling cascade has been described so far, albeit a sizable collection of factors contributing to this ancient pathogen-sensing system are known from fish to date. we identified two closely related tollip-encoding genes in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and the respective ortholog mrna molecules in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the salmonid tollip genes are segmen ... | 2008 | 18502148 |
| analysis of the flavobacterium psychrophilum outer-membrane subproteome and identification of new antigenic targets for vaccine by immunomics. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is an important infectious gram-negative bacterium causing cold-water disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome. outer-membrane proteins (omps) are key molecules with regard to the interface between the cell and its environment. therefore, we sought to define the outer-membrane (om) subproteome of f. psychrophilum in order to gain insight into the biology and pathogenesis of this bacterium and to identify the dominant antigens targeted by the rainbow trout (oncorh ... | 2008 | 18524934 |
| angler numerical response across landscapes and the collapse of freshwater fisheries. | recreational angling opportunities in lakes are distributed across landscapes and attract anglers based on the combination of angling quality, travel distance, and availability of facilities. the relationship between angler density and fishing quality, as measured by catch rate, represents a numerical response that is analogous to a predator numerical response to variability in prey abundance. we quantified this numerical response of anglers to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, populations dis ... | 2008 | 18536261 |
| purification and some kinetic properties of carbonic anhydrase from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and metal inhibition. | in the present study, carbonic anhydrase (ca) enzyme was purified from rainbow trout (rt) liver with a specific activity of 4318 euxmg(-1) and a yield of 38% using sepharose-4b-l tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography. the overall purification was approximately 2260-fold. to check the purity and determine subunit molecular weight of enzyme, sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed, which showed a single band and mw of approx. 29.4 kda. the molecular weight of native enzym ... | 2008 | 18537745 |
| xenobiotic intrinsic clearance in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): determination of trout hepatocellularity, optimization of cell concentrations and comparison of serum and serum-free incubations. | metabolism plays an important role in bioaccumulation of xenobiotics in fish. in vitro determination of xenobiotic intrinsic clearance (clint) in trout hepatocytes and subsequent extrapolation to in vivo hepatic clearance (clh) using the "well-stirred" liver model greatly improved our current practice of bioaccumulation assessment [han, x., nabb, d.l., mingoia, r.t., yang, c.h., 2007. determination of xenobiotic intrinsic clearance in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus ... | 2008 | 18599132 |
| the partial pressure of oxygen affects biomarkers of oxidative stress in cultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. | oxidative stress, the imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and the cellular detoxification of these reactive compounds, is believed to be involved in the pathology of various diseases. several biomarkers for oxidative stress have been proposed to serve as tools in toxicological and ecotoxicological research. not only may exposure to various pro-oxidants create conditions of cellular oxidative stress, but hyperoxic conditions may also increase the production of reactive oxygen ... | 2008 | 18603400 |
| insulin regulates the expression of several metabolism-related genes in the liver and primary hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout have a limited ability to use dietary carbohydrates efficiently and are considered to be glucose intolerant. administration of carbohydrates results in persistent hyperglycemia and impairs post-prandial down regulation of gluconeogenesis despite normal insulin secretion. since gluconeogenic genes are mainly under insulin control, we put forward the hypothesis that the transcriptional function of insulin as a whole may be impaired in the trout liver. in order to test this hypothesis ... | 2008 | 18626086 |
| three isoforms of complement properdin factor p in trout: cloning, expression, gene organization and constrained modeling. | properdin is a plasma glycoprotein and the only known naturally occurring positive regulator of the complement system, stabilizing the alternative pathway convertase (c3bbb). in order to elucidate the molecular evolution of properdin factor p (pfc), here we report the cloning and characterization of three gene isoforms of properdin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the predicted polypeptide sequences of trout properdins pfc1, pfc2 and pfc3 (447, 449 and 447 amino acids, respectively) share ... | 2008 | 18638502 |
| regulation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-8 receptor (il-8r) gene transcription in response to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), dna vaccination and chemokines. | an interleukin-8 receptor (il-8r)-like sequence has been previously reported in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss); however, no further studies to confirm its biological activity or regulation of expression have been performed. in this report, we have studied the regulation of the transcription of this receptor in response to different stimuli both in vivo and in vitro. we found that in response to a viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection, the levels of expression of il-8r are supp ... | 2008 | 18657446 |
| antioxidative role of selenium against the toxic effect of heavy metals (cd+2, cr+3) on liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum 1792). | the main purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of cd+2, cr+3 and se metals on biochemical parameters in liver tissue of oncorhynchus mykiss. the rainbow trout were exposed to heavy metal stress (cd+2, cr+3) at 2 ppm dosage. the present study was undertaken to determine the protective effect of selenium treatment at the same dosage (2 ppm) on some biochemical parameters. the activity of catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), superoxide dismutase (sod) and the changes in levels ... | 2008 | 18665459 |
| estimating naphthenic acids concentrations in laboratory-exposed fish and in fish from the wild. | naphthenic acids (nas) are the most water-soluble organic components found in the athabasca oil sands in alberta, canada, and these acids are released into aqueous tailing waters as a result of bitumen extraction. although the toxicity of nas to fish is well known, there has been no method available to estimate nas concentrations in fish. this paper describes a newly developed analytical method using single ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) to measure nas in fish, down ... | 2008 | 18667226 |
| contribution of food deprivation to the immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vaccinated against cryptobia salmositica and aeromonas salmonicida. | the aims of the present study were to determine (a) the effectiveness of an attenuated live cryptobia salmositica vaccine; (b) the effects of food deprivation on the immune response and its duration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immunised with a live c. salmositica vaccine or with a killed aeromonas salmonicida vaccine. the fish were divided into three groups (i, ii and iii; 14 fish per group), those in groups i and ii were under food deprivation (0.40% of body weight), while group iii ... | 2008 | 18669247 |
| the first report of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in the united kingdom. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) was diagnosed in rainbow trout in the uk in may 2006. vhs virus (vhsv) was isolated from fingerlings showing typical histopathological lesions at a single rainbow trout farm site experiencing high mortality. the virus was confirmed as vhsv by serological and molecular biological tests. phylogenetic analysis based on the complete glycoprotein gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related (99% nucleotide identity) to several danish isolates from 1 ... | 2008 | 18681899 |
| genetic diversity of flavobacterium psychrophilum recovered from commercially raised rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), and spawning coho salmon, o. kisutch (walbaum). | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome and bacterial cold water disease. this study examined the genetic diversity of f. psychrophilum isolates retrieved from multiple epizootics at rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, rearing facilities and from spawning coho salmon, o. kisutch. a total of 139 isolates were confirmed as f. psychrophilum by pcr assay and were further typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). multiple epizootics at three pro ... | 2008 | 18681900 |
| phylogenetic analyses and molecular epidemiology of european salmonid alphaviruses (sav) based on partial e2 and nsp3 gene nucleotide sequences. | sequence data were generated for portions of the e2 and nsp3 genes of 48 salmonid alphaviruses from farmed atlantic salmon (as), salmo salar l., and rainbow trout (rt), oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in marine and freshwater environments, respectively, from the republic of ireland, northern ireland, england, scotland, norway, france, italy and spain between 1991 and 2007. based on these sequences, and those of six previously published reference strains, phylogenetic trees were constructed using ... | 2008 | 18681902 |
| in vivo virus growth competition assays demonstrate equal fitness of fish rhabdovirus strains that co-circulate in aquaculture. | a novel virus growth competition assay for determining relative fitness of rna virus variants in vivo has been developed using the fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). we have conducted assays with ihnv isolates designated b, c, and d, representing the three most common genetic subtypes that co-circulate in idaho trout farm aquaculture. in each assay, groups of 30 fish were immersed in a 1:1 mixture of two genotypes of ... | 2008 | 18703096 |
| development of adaptive immunity in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) surviving an infection with yersinia ruckeri. | development of adaptive immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) surviving a primary infection with 5x10(5)cfu yersinia ruckeri o1 (ld(50) dose) was investigated by transcriptome analysis of spleen tissue. these fish surviving a primary infection showed also a significantly increased survival following a secondary infection (same dose) when compared to naïve trout. the weight of the rainbow trout spleen doubled during the first 14 days of the primary infection but the affected organs subs ... | 2008 | 18706505 |
| isolation of rifampicin resistant flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. | previous studies have demonstrated that passage of pathogenic bacteria on increasing concentrations of the antibiotic rifampicin leads to the attenuation of virulence and these resistant strains may serve as live attenuated vaccines. two rifampicin resistant strains of flavobacterium psychrophilum, 259-93a.16 and 259-93b.17, were generated by passage on tyes plates containing increasing concentrations of rifampicin. electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell lysates prepared from the parent and resi ... | 2008 | 18708112 |
| recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis viruses induce protection for rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) are rhabdoviruses that infect salmonids, producing serious economic losses. two recombinant ihn viruses were generated by reverse genetics. for one (rihnv gfp) the ihnv nv gene was replaced with the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene. in the other (rihnv-gvhsv gfp) the g gene was also exchanged for that of vhsv. no mortalities, external signs or histological lesions were observed in experimental infec ... | 2008 | 18717065 |
| development of a sensitive and controlled real-time rt-pcr assay for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in marine salmonid aquaculture. | a survey was undertaken to determine the potential distribution of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in marine cage-based salmonid farms in scotland. a rapid, accurate and sensitive quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay was developed, targeting a conserved region of the nucleoprotein (n) gene of the virus. the qrt-pcr assay was shown to be more sensitive than the conventional vhsv rt-pcr. a validation protocol included several different virus isolates as the target and confirme ... | 2008 | 18717066 |
| effect of starvation on transcriptomes of brain and liver in adult female zebrafish (danio rerio). | we used microarray and quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) analyses in adult female zebrafish (danio rerio) to identify metabolic pathways regulated by starvation in the liver and brain. the transcriptome of whole zebrafish brain showed little response to 21 days of starvation. only agouti-related protein 1 (agrp1) significantly responded, with increased expression in brains of starved fish. in contrast, a 21-day period of starvation significantly downregulated 466 and upregulated 108 transcrip ... | 2008 | 18728227 |
| inactivated infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) vaccines. | the inactivation dynamics of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) by b-propiolactone (bpl), binary ethylenimine (bei), formaldehyde or heat and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the inactivated vaccines were evaluated. chemical treatment of ihnv with 2.7 mm bpl, 1.5 mm bei or 50 mm formaldehyde abolished virus infectivity within 48 h whereas heat treatment at 50 or 100 degrees c rendered the virus innocuous within 30 min. the inactivated ihnv vaccines were recognized by rain ... | 2008 | 18752542 |
| immunization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with a low molecular mass fraction isolated from flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome has become a widespread fish pathogen in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. in this study, a low molecular mass fraction (p25-33), with an approximate weight of 25-33 kda, was identified among f. psychrophilum strains in an immunoblotting analysis with anti-f. psychrophilum sera. the immunogenic efficacy of the isolated and extracted p25-33 was investigated in two intraperitoneal immunization trials with rainbow trout ... | 2008 | 18752545 |
| differences in virulence of marine and freshwater isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in vivo correlate with in vitro ability to infect gill epithelial cells and macrophages of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) with known different virulence characteristics in vivo were studied (by a time course approach) for their abilities to infect and translocate across a primary culture of gill epithelial cells (gec) of rainbow trout (rbt; oncorhynchus mykiss). the strains included one low-virulence marine vhsv (ma-vhsv) strain, ma-1p8, and a highly pathogenic freshwater vhsv (fw-vhsv) strain, fw-dk-3592b. infectivities toward trout head kidney macrophages w ... | 2008 | 18753199 |
| detection and quantification of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by sybr green real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay using the fluorogenic dye sybr green i was developed for the detection and quantification of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) infecting rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). using primers designed for the ihnv nucleocapsid (n) and surface glycoprotein (g) genes, virus was detected in liver, kidney, spleen, adipose tissue, and pectoral fin samples from fish challenged in the laboratory via either injection or immersion ... | 2008 | 17945355 |
| potential for dissemination of the nonnative salmonid parasite myxobolus cerebralis in alaska. | myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite responsible for whirling disease in salmonids, was first introduced into the united states in 1958 and has since spread across the country, causing severe declines in wild trout populations in the intermountain western united states. the recent detection of the parasite in alaska is further evidence of the species' capability to invade and colonize new habitat. this study qualitatively assesses the risk of further spread and establishment of m. cerebra ... | 2008 | 18942590 |
| in silico identification and molecular characterization of genes predominantly expressed in the fish oocyte. | in fish, molecular mechanisms that control follicle-enclosed oocyte progression throughout oogenesis and oocyte developmental competence acquisition remain poorly understood. existing data in mammals have indicated that the so called "oocyte-specific" genes play an important role in oogenesis, fertilization, and early embryo development. in teleost species, very little is known about "oocyte-specific" genes. the present study therefore aimed at identifying and characterizing oocyte-specific gene ... | 2008 | 18947432 |
| phenotypic and genotypic analysis of flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from ontario salmonids with bacterial coldwater disease. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome. bcwd has a considerable economic impact on aquaculture operations in ontario, canada, and our limited understanding of the population structure and epidemiology of f. psychrophilum isolates is an impediment to the development of improved management strategies. seventy-five 16s rrna gene and gyr polymerase chain reaction positive isolates of f. psychrophilum that had been coll ... | 2008 | 18772924 |
| surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in denmark in 2006. | the health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-june to mid-september 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. no fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. yersinia ruckeri was found on four and renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance perio ... | 2008 | 18786028 |