Publications

immunochemistry of apamin--bee venom neurotoxin--i. radioimmunoassay with apamin and its derivatives.		1981	7311983
diffusion and consumption of oxygen in the superfused retina of the drone (apis mellifera) in darkness.	double-barreled o2 microelectrodes were used to study o2 diffusion and consumption in the superfused drone (apis mellifera) retina in darkness at 22 degrees c. po2 was measured at different sites in the bath and retinas. it was found that diffusion was essentially in one dimension and that the rate of o2 consumption (q) was practically constant (on the macroscale) down to po2 s less than 20 mm hg, a situation that greatly simplified the analysis. the value obtained for q was 18 +/- 0.7 (sem) mic ...	1981	7264598
[results with acaricide k 79 (chlordimeform hydrochloride) in messen against honeybee varroatosis].		1981	7016494
nasonov pheromone of the honey bee,apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera, apidae). part iii. : regulation of pheromone composition and production.	gc and gc-ms analyses of the multicomponent nasonov pheromone of the honey bee, and of the air above insects releasing the pheromone, show that constant composition is maintained during release, despite differing volatilities of the components. the regulating mechanism may involve a specific enzyme process, detected in excised nasonov glands, which converts the major component geraniol into the more volatile (e)-citral. analysis of honey bees of known ages and at different times of year shows th ...	1981	24420593
energetics of honeybee swarm thermoregulation.	honeybee swarms regulate their core temperature at a high set point (near 36 degrees c) and the mantle at a low set point (near 15 degrees c). the temperature gradient from core to mantle permits considerable energy economy, and it is abolished only shortly before swarm takeoff.	1981	17737212
individual recognition and learning of queen odors by worker honeybees.	a honeybee queen is usually attacked if she is placed among the workers of a colony other than her own. this rejection occurs even if environmental sources of odor, such as food, water, and genetic origin of the workers, are kept constant in laboratory conditions. the genetic similarity of queens determines how similar their recognition characteristics are; inbred sister queens were accepted in 35% of exchanges, outbred sister queens in 12%, and nonsister queens in 0%. carbon dioxide narcosis re ...	1981	16593008
cricopharyngeal myotomy.	cricopharyngeal myotomy as an independent procedure has bee performed on 11 patients with a variety of neuromuscular disorders suffering from dysphagia localized to the neck. there was dramatic improvement in nine with one failure and one death from pre-existing pneumonia. the selection of patients for this operation is based on manometric studies.	1981	7241630
energy expenditure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.	the basal energy expenditure (bee) calculated from the harris-benedict equation was compared with the resting energy expenditure (ree) measured by indirect calorimetry in 12 consecutive hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease. the bee proved to be equivalent to the ree in the prediction of daily caloric requirements. patients weighing less than 90% of their ideal body weight had significantly increased energy requirements on a per-kilogram-weight basis as compared with those weighi ...	1981	7213002
clearance of extracellular potassium: evidence for spatial buffering by glial cells in the retina of the drone.	work with ion-selective microelectrodes on the retina of the honeybee drone has shown that potassium is released from photoreceptors during activity and enters glial cells. measurements of the extracellular voltage gradients indicate that, in this preparation, currents flowing through the glial cells in the 'spatial buffer' pattern account for a large fraction of the glial k+ entry in the active region of the tissue.	1981	6261870
demography and life history characteristics of two honey bee races (apis mellifera).	intra-colony demography and life history characteristics of neotropical africanized and temperate european honey bearaces were compared under simulated feral conditions. major differences in colony demography were found which nevertheless resulted in some similar reproductive characteristics. european colonies were larger than africanized colonies, had more rapid initral growth rates of worker populations, showed better survivorship of brood and adult workers, and differed in patterns of worker ...	1981	28309760
pheromonal cues direct mate-seeking behavior of malecolletes cunicularius (hymenoptera: colletidae).	males of the vernal ground nesting bee,colletes cunicularius, actively search their nesting aggregations for emerging virgin females. males often detect and unearth preemergent virgin males and females which have not yet dug up to the soil surface. field experiments indicate that the odors from one unmated individual are sufficient to both excite males and direct their excavation of the virgin bee. a volatile component of this species' mandibular gland secretion, linalool, increases flight activ ...	1981	24420488
dufour's gland secretion in the cell linings of bees (hymenoptera: apoidea).	the volatile chemicals, detectable by coupled capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in the nest cell linings of four species in the bee generacolletes, andrena, andlasioglossum are identical with, and limited to, the volatile components present in the dufour's gland of females, suggesting this source for some of their cell-lining constituents. the extractable material that lines the cells oftrachusa byssina, in contrast, is derived frompinus resin, to which it can be chemically traced.	1981	24420485
the nasonov pheromone of the honeybeeapis mellifera l. (hymenoptera, apidae). part ii. bioassay of the components using foragers.	the nasonov pheromone of the honeybee comprises seven components, (z)-citral, nerol, geraniol, nerolic acid, geranic acid, and (e,e)-farnesol. bioassay of individual components showed each attracted foraging bees. a mixture of components in proportions present in the honeybee was as attractive as the natural secretion, and each component contributed to the attractiveness of the mixture. honeybees responded anemotactically to the source of nasonov odor. the presence of footprint pheromone enhance ...	1981	24420468
allergy to bee sting.		1981	7247852
the prognostic significance of specific igg antibodies in insect sting allergy.	specific igg antibodies against bee venom and bee venom components were studied in the serum of 40 bee-sting patients, 60 bee keepers, and 31 control subjects. the highest titres were observed in successfully hypothesized patients and in bee keepers. subclass-typing in bee-sting allergic patients showed the highest antibody levels in subclass igg2, followed by igg3, igg 4 and igg1. during hyposensitization, a rise in specific igg antibodies in all subclasses and against bee venom and all its com ...	1981	7215389
factors influencing the toxicity and antigenicity of detoxified apis mellifera venom.		1981	7268110
a comparative structural study of apamin and related bee venom peptides.	secondary structure analysis of apamin, mast cell degranulating peptide, tertiapin and secapin has been attempted, based on parameters produced by levitt (biochemistry (1978) 17, 4277--4285). the structural model, recently advanced for apamin, based on chou and fasman's parameters was confirmed. the predicted structure for mast cell degranulating peptide is almost spherical with the eight positive centres evenly distributed over the surface. on the basis of this analysis and related spectroscopi ...	1981	7213796
nephrotic syndrome developing after bee stings.	we have described a case, with renal biopsy findings and serologic studies, of a patient who had the nephrotic syndrome after sustaining multiple bee stings and who demonstrated a favorable response to steroid therapy. bee stings have previously been implicated in the development of this syndrome, though the reported cases in the literature are poorly documented.	1981	7455752
[comparative studies of plans for controlling american foulbrood in public aviaries].	comparative testing was carried out on two control programmes against american foul brood in the public apiaries and honey-producing enterprises. a total of 19 apiaries with 2580 bee colonies were used in the experiments. it was found that there was an inapparent epizootic process in such apiaries, owing to which the destruction of the apparently affected honeybee colonies, without applying special measures to the occasionally normal ones did not interrupt the development of the disease. it is s ...	1981	7340114
effect of papain of bee venom toxicity.		1981	7336446
biological effects of a 765-kv transmission line: exposures and thresholds in honeybee colonies.	honeybee colonies exposed under a 765-kv, 60-hz transmission line at 7 kv/m show the following sequence of effects: 1) increased motor activity with transient increase in hive temperature; 2) abnormal propolization; 3) impaired hive weight gain; 4) queen loss and abnormal production of queen cells; 5) decreased sealed brood; and 6) poor winter survival. when colonies were exposed at 5 different e fields (7, 5.5, 4.1, 1.8, and 0.65-0.85 kv/m) at incremental distances from the line, different thre ...	1981	7326054
fine structural localisation of acetylcholinesterase activity in the compound eye of the honeybee (apis mellifica l.).	acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity was demonstrated histochemically at the electron microscopic level in the compound eye of the worker bee (apis mellifica l.) by use of the method of lewis and shute (1969). all photoreceptor axons (short and long visual fibres) display ache activity. the reaction product is located in the axoplasm and at the plasma membrane. substantial amounts of the reaction product can be detected in the intercellular spaces between the visual fibres. along the visual fibr ...	1981	7307058
pontine haematoma: successful removal of two cases with review of 22 cases previously described in accessible literature.	two cases of operative evacuation of pontine haematomas are described in addition to 22 cases reported in the literature. clinical and neuroradiological findings indicate a brain stem lesion sometimes considered as an inoperable brain stem glioma. computer assisted tomography todate easily reveals such hematomas. successful operative results are generally obtained. this diagnosis must be considered when the onset of symptoms is progressive and young people are affected. we describe two young pat ...	1981	7301143
the horizontal magnetic dance of the honeybee is compatible with a single-domain ferromagnetic magnetoreceptor.	although honeybees are able to sense the geomagnetic field, very little is known about the method in which they are able to detect it. the recent discovery of biochemically precipitated magnetite (fe3o4) in bees, however, suggests the possibility that they might use a simple compass organelle for magnetoreception. if so, their orientation accuracy ought to be related to the accuracy of the compass, e.g. it should be poor in a weak background fields and enhanced in strong fields. when dancing to ...	1981	7295911
[presynaptic action of the phospholipases a2 from cobra and bee venoms deprived of enzymatic activity].		1981	7285793
phospholipase a2 from bee venom.		1981	7278678
[significance of skin test and rast in the diagnosis of insect sting allergy (author's transl)].	46 patients who had an unusually severe reaction after bee or wasp sting were examined by skin testing and determination of specific ige antibodies. in this way 10 cases of bee venom hypersensitivity and 13 cases of wasp venom hypersensitivity were diagnosed. thus it may be claimed to prove the existence of specific ige antibodies in each patient who showed a systemic or intense local reaction after an insect sting.	1981	7257429
insect chromatophorotropic factors: the isolation of polypeptides from periplaneta americana and apis mellifera with melanophore-dispersing activity in the crustacean, uca pugilator.		1981	7215775
the first optic ganglion of the bee. iv. synaptic fine structure and connectivity patterns of receptor cell axons and first order interneurones.	the synaptic relationships between and within receptor-cell axons (rcas), first-order interneurones (l-fibres) and accessory fibres (acc) in the first optic ganglion (the lamina) of the worker bee were studied in serial sections with golgi-em and routine transmission electron microscopy. the ommatidium contains nine retinular (photoreceptor) cells all of which project as rcas to a single optical cartridge in the lamina. six of the rcas end as short visual fibres (svf) in the lamina, while the re ...	1981	7214488
the sequestration, processing and retention of honey-bee promelittin made in amphibian oocytes.	messenger rnas from one kind of secretory cell can be introduced into the cytoplasm of another: the heterologous proteins formed by the recipient cell are usually processed and topologically segregated in the manner characteristic of the donor cell. xenopus oocytes injected with honey-bee venom gland rna provide some support for this generalization, but also reveal important exceptions to it. thus, the frog cell makes a small polypeptide whose partial sequence matches perfectly that of insect pr ...	1981	7193578
the second and third optic ganglia of the worker bee: golgi studies of the neuronal elements in the medulla and lobula.	the gross morphology and the fine-structural characteristics of neurones of the second and third optic ganglia of the honeybee apis mellifera were investigated light microscopically on the basis of golgi (selective silver)- and reduced silver preparations. the second optic ganglion, the medulla, is ovoid in shape and has a slightly convex distal surface and a slightly concave proximal surface. the medullar outer levels are characteristically composed of neuronal arrangements showing strict preci ...	1981	7032703
clinical parameters related to anorexia.	caloric intake was studied in 89 cancer patients who recorded diet diaries. twenty-five percent had caloric intake below their calculated basal energy expenditure (bee). an additional 45% had caloric intakes between 1.0 and 1.5 x bee. patients reported symptoms referable to the oronasal area and the gastrointestinal tract as possible factors in decreased eating. food intake is controlled by several categories of cues and one or more of these may be altered in cancer patients to decrease caloric ...	1981	6955020
[use of bee venom in medicine].		1981	6914967
[bee venom treatment of lumbosacral radiculitis].		1981	6909086
correlation of igg and ige antibody levels to honey bee venom allergens with protection to sting challenge.	a group of 25 honey bee venom allergic patients were treated with commercial honey bee venom at a monthly maintenance dose of 100 micrograms for approximately one year. at the end of one year 24 patients were intentionally challenged and one was accidentally challenged. three patients experienced significant systemic reactions to challenge and three experienced minor reactions. sera obtained before commencing therapy, at maintenance and before challenge were tested by radioallergosorbent test (r ...	1981	6257151
helical, motile mycoplasmas associated with flowers and honey bees in california.	spiroplasmas were cultured from nonsurface-sterilized flowers of magnolia tree (magnolia grandiflora l.) and tulip tree (liriodendron tulipfera l.) in alameda, solano, and yolo counties in california. spiroplasmas were also isolated from honey bees (apis mellifera l.) collected in the vicinity of davis and berkeley, ca. most of the isolates grew relatively slowly at 31 or 37 degrees c reaching maximum population at 31 degrees c in 8-10 days. the flower isolates were serologically indistinguishab ...	1981	7214240
influence of enzymatic phospholipid cleavage on the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane: iii. discrimination between the causal role of split products and of lecithin removal.	cleavage of 55% of the lecithin in intact human erythrocytes by phospholipase a2 (bee venom) markedly inhibits the mediated transport of l-lactate (via the monocarboxylate carrier) and of l-arabinose (via the monosaccharide carrier), while the major anion exchange system (probed by oxalate) and diffusion via the lipid domain (probed by erythritol) remain essentially unaltered. the causal role of the split products, unsaturated fatty acids and saturated lysolecithin, and of lecithin removal were ...	1981	7241575
gluconobacters from honey bees.	fifty-six gluconobacter strains and one acetobacter strain were isolated from honey bees and their environment in three different regions in belgium and identified phenotypically. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble cell proteins showed that two different types exist within the gluconobacter isolates: strains from type a were found in samples of the three regions, whereas strains from type b were only isolated in two of the three regions. both types could occur in bees from the sam ...	1981	7259151
[effect of phospholipase a2 from the venoms of bee and middle asian cobra on choline uptake by synaptosomes].	the effect of purified phospholipase a2 from venom of the bee apis mellifica and from venom of the cobra naja naja oxiana on the na+-dependent high affinity choline transport into the synaptosomes of rabbit corpus striatum (active uptake) was studied. both phospholipases a2 were shown to inhibit the active choline uptake by the synaptosomes. the bee venom phospholipase at a concentration of 10(-8) m and the cobra venom phospholipase at a concentration of 10(-6) m produced a 50% inhibition of cho ...	1981	7295818
neurotensin is a potent inhibitor of guinea-pig colon contractile activity.	the investigation concerned the effects of neurotensin (nt) on the mechanical activity of segments of guinea-pig proximal colon. the peptide, in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nm to 100 nm, induced a quick relaxation of the preparations which was followed upon washout by a rebound contraction. tetrodotoxin had no effect on either the nt-induced relaxation or the rebound contraction. blocking agents of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors were also without effect. the bee venom toxin apamin inhibited a ...	1981	7297599
immunoglobulin e antibodies that crossreact with vegetable foods, pollen, and hymenoptera venom.	ige in some human sera reacted with an antigen present in a large number of unrelated foods: potato, spinach, wheat, buckwheat, peanut, honey and others. the antigen, which was periodate-sensitive and heat-stable, was also found in pollen. even more surprisingly, these antibodies often reacted in vitro with bee and vespid venom and were sometimes apparently induced by hymenoptera stings.	1981	7298999
experimental inhalation injury in the goat.	inhalation injuries are usually produced by inhalation of gaseous or particulate products of incomplete combustion and are rarely due to heat per se unless steam is inhaled. the clinical and anatomic characteristics of an appropriate animal model should mimic the disease encountered clinically. a model of inhalation injury has been produced in anesthetized goats through the use of a modified bee smoker. the smoke is delivered at a low temperature and contains byproducts of incomplete combustion. ...	1981	7299865
antigenic, adjuvant and permeability enhancing properties of melittin in mice.	melittin, a mast cell lytic agent which comprises 50% of the protein content of bee venom, may be responsible for some of the severe reactions produced by bee stings in allergic and non-allergic individuals. we therefore investigated some of the biologic properties of this molecule in mice and found that repeated intradermal injections of melittin without adjuvant induced ige formation in mice. in addition, melittin as well as another surfactant, saponin, were potent adjuvants for ige formation ...	1981	6940463
allergic sensitivity confirmed by the release of histamine from small blood samples.	an enzymatic-isotopic microassay that can measure picogram amounts of histamine in 20 microliter samples of plasma has been used to confirm diagnosis of allergic sensitivity to extracts of house dust mite, cat dander, grass, plantain, cladosporium mould and bee sting venom by the skin test procedure. multiple assays for allergic histamine release can be performed on minimal blood samples resulting in a qualitative and quantitative prediction of allergic sensitivity from an in vitro biochemical p ...	1981	6165940
phosphorylation of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins as a possible contributing factor in virion uncoating.	the relationship between the in vitro phosphorylation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) proteins and virion uncoating was examined. activation of the vsv virion kinase with low concentrations of melittin, the active peptide component of bee venom, in the presence of gamma-[32p] atp resulted in the phosphorylation of virion proteins. following the in vitro phosphorylation of vsv proteins in the presence of melittin and deoxyadenosine triphosphate, the virion envelope was disrupted based on the ...	1981	6171611
a reevaluation of the process of enucleation in mammalian erythroid cells.	in this paper, we have analysed cells which are in the process of enucleation in mouse spleen. we have provided additional support for the hypothesis that erythroid cells can autonomously undergo enucleation. the presence of a constriction in the nucleus and in the plasma membrane during this process has bee confirmed. microfilaments have been described for the first time in the cytoplasm of maturing erythroid cells. their position during enucleation is suggestive of an active role for these ele ...	1981	7197361
flow-cytometric analysis of human basophil degranulation. iii. degranulation induced by allergens and antibodies in hay fever and bee venom allergic patients.	human basophil degranulation responses to grass pollen and whole bee venom as allergens and to anti-ige and anti-igg4 as antibodies in hay fever and bee venom allergic patients were assessed using a flow-cytometric system. the concordance of basophil degranulation with skin tests and rast assays reached more than 90%. these allergens and antibodies could degranulate basophils in a dose-dependent manner; however, there was a wide variation in the response of basophils obtained from different indi ...	1981	7007256
bee venom enhances guanylate cyclase activity.	bee venom and phospholipase a2 extracted from bee venom enhanced guanylate cyclase (e.c. 4.6.1.2) activity two- to threefold in rat liver, lung, heart, kidney, ileum, and cerebellum. dose-response relationships revealed that bee venom at concentrations as low as 1 microgram per milliliter and phospholipase a2 at 1 microunit per milliliter caused a maximal enhancement of guanylate cyclase.	1981	6113689
mechanisms for albumin-mediated membrane damage.	1. bee venom phospholipase a2 causes a small increase in the sublytic leakiness of rabbit erythrocytes which is strongly inhibited by lysolecithin and potentiated by albumin. 2. albumin extracts long-chain fatty acids from the erythrocyte membrane by a process which is faster than diffusion-determined efflux of fatty acid and during the process it greatly increases the sublytic leakiness of the membrane. in contrast, albumin rapidly terminates sublytic responses to lysolecithin. 3. these actions ...	1981	6783407
sensitivity of various spiroplasma strains against ethanol, formalin, glutaraldehyde, and phenol.	the efficacy of four different disinfectants on spiroplasmas pathogenic for plants, insects and vertebrates was determined using a microtiter technique. the results of the sensitivity testing indicate that spiroplasmas display a considerable resistance in comparison to cell wall bearing organisms. particularly honey bee spiroplasmas proved to be less sensitive to the disinfectants tested, whereas spiroplasma citri and the tick spiroplasmas showed a susceptibility comparable to e. coli and staph. ...	1981	6803475
sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity.	immune responses have been described for many different insect species. however, it is generally acknowledged that immune systems must therefore differ from those of vertebrates. an effective humoral immune response has been found in pupae of the cecropia moth, hyalophora cecropia. the expression of this multicomponent system requires de novo synthesis of rna and proteins and its broad antibacterial activity is due to at least three independent mechanisms, the most well known of which is the ins ...	1981	7019715
the estimation of bee venom specific human igg.	bee venom specific human igg was measured by solid phase sandwich radioimmunoassay (ria) using bee venom adsorbed to polystyrene tubes. ria results were found to correlate with those obtained in an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for bee venom specific igg. the ria did not suffer from the high background often associated with other solid phase radioimmunoassays for human igg. furthermore, both the ria and eia were simple to perform, inexpensive and highly reproducible.	1981	7020492
involvement of lysosomal enzymes in mouse embryo implantation: effect of the anti-oestrogen, ci-628 citrate.	implantation of embryos was studied in mice which had bee ovariectomized on the afternoon of day 4 of pregnancy and injected intraperitoneally with a non-steroidal antioestrogen or control injection. normal implantations were obtained in the latter mice as indicated from the positive blue-dye sites when animals were killed late in the evening of day 4. exposure to ci-628, however, led to a significant inhibition in the number of implantations and only a small percentage of the mice exposed to th ...	1981	7021743
in situ microfluorometry of whole kinetoplast and nuclear dna in a single cell of trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma cruzi.	in situ microfluorometry of whole kinetoplast dna (k-dna) and nuclear dna (n-dna) from a single trypomastigote cell of trypanosoma gambiense (strain wellcome) and trypanosoma cruzi (strain tulahuen) was attempted by using the microfluorometer combined with a photon counter. the results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. the k-dna value of 2k 1n (2 kinetoplasts and 1 nucleus) t. gambiense was about twofold as much as that of 1k 1n on. 2. the n-dna value of 2k 1n t. gambiense was a little les ...	1981	7032147
modification of the tetrodotoxin receptor in electrophorus electricus by phospholipase a2.	the effects of phospholipase a2 treatment on the tetrodotoxin receptors in electrophorus electricus was studied. (1) the binding of [3h]tetrodotoxin to electroplaque membranes was substantially reduced by treatment of the membranes with low concentrations of phospholipase a2 from a number of sources, including bee venom, vipera russelli and crotalus adamanteus and by beta-bungarotoxin. (2) phospholipase a2 from bee venom and from c. adamanteus both caused extensive hydrolysis of electroplaque me ...	1981	6268164
effects of quinine and apamin on the calcium-dependent potassium permeability of mammalian hepatocytes and red cells.	1. k-sensitive electrodes placed in the extracellular fluid have been used to show that atp and noradrenaline cause a rapid loss of up to 10% of the k content of isolated guinea-pig hepatocytes. 2. the hypothesis tha this response is a consequence of a rise in the k permeability of the hepatocyte membrane triggered by an increase in cytosolic ca is supported by the finding that the divalent cation ionophore a23187 also initiated k loss, in this instance of up to 20-25% of the amount in the cells ...	1981	6273550
calcium and the alpha-action of catecholamines on guinea-pig taenia caeci.	1. the involvement of calcium in the alpha-action of adrenaline on guinea-pig taenia caeci was studied by measuring the changes in membrane potential and muscle contraction, using the sucrose-gap method, and by determining the (42)k efflux, in the presence of a beta-blocker (propranolol, 1.8 x 10(-6)m).2. in the presence of extracellular calcium, the hyperpolarization caused by adrenaline (3 x 10(-6)m) was sustained during the period of its application (5 min), both in active preparations (at 36 ...	1981	6275064
[chemistry and pharmacology of bee venom (a review of the literature)].		1981	350614
utilization and metabolism of dietary sterols in the honey bee and the yellow fever mosquito.	the honey bee, apis mellifera, does not convert c28 and c29 phytosterols to cholesterol as found in most previous studies of phytophagous or omnivorous insects, but instead the workers and queens selectively transfer 24-methylenecholesterol, sitosterol and isofucosterol from their endogenous sterol pools to the brood larvae regardless of the sterol in the worker diet. administering radiolabeled sterols by feeding and injection has made it possible to trace this selective transfer through a secon ...	1982	7087696
preparation of a pure monoiodo derivative of the bee venom neurotoxin apamin and its binding properties to rat brain synaptosomes.	the preparation and purification of an active monoiodo derivative of apamin is described. radiolabeled monoiodoapamin (2000 ci/mmol) binds specifically to rat brain synaptosomes at 0 degrees c and ph 7.5 with a second order rate constant of association (ka = 2.6 x 10(7) m-1 s-1) and a first order rate constant of dissociation (kd = 3.8 x 10(-4) s-1). the maximal binding capacity is 12.5 fmol/mg of protein and the dissociation constant is 15-25 pm for the monoiodo derivative and 10 pm for the nat ...	1982	6277913
inactivation and solubilization of opiate receptors by phospholipases a2.	(1) as previously shown, stereospecific binding of opiates to membrane bound receptors is inhibited by treatment with small amounts of phospholipase a2 from vipera russelli. this effect is quantified and compared with the enzymes from the venoms of naja naja siamensis, apis mellifica and from porcine pancreas. all enzymes are equally effective. the inhibition is due to partial phospholipid hydrolysis leading to inactivation of membrane-bound receptor. (2) bee venom phospholipase a2 together with ...	1982	6279149
guanine-plus-cytosine content, hybridization percentages, and ecori restriction enzyme profiles of spiroplasmal dna.	the guanine-plus-cytosine (g + c) content of spiroplasmal dna was calculated from the melting temperature determined spectrophotometrically and the buoyant density determined by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in cscl. only two ranges of g + c values were found: 25-27 mol% and 29-32 mol%. the dna of the following spiroplasmas has 25-27 mol% g + c: spiroplasma citri (serogroup i-1); the spiroplasmas pathogenic to the honeybee (kc3, bc3, and b63; serogroup i-2); the corn stunt strain ( ...	1982	6289407
k+ transport in 'tight' epithelial monolayers of mdck cells. evidence for a calcium-activated k+ channel.	measurements of 86rb efflux across the apical and basal-lateral aspects of intact monolayers of 'high-resistance' mdck cells mounted in ussing chambers have been made. a transient increase in 86rb efflux across both epithelial borders upon stimulation with adrenalineeeeeee or ionophore a23187 is observed. the increased 86rb across the basal cell aspects is of greatest quantitative importance. measurements of total cellular k+ contents by flame photometry of tissue extracts indicate a net loss of ...	1982	6289894
apamin as a selective blocker of the calcium-dependent potassium channel in neuroblastoma cells: voltage-clamp and biochemical characterization of the toxin receptor.	this paper describes the interaction of apamin, a bee venom neurotoxin, with the mouse neuroblastoma cell membrane. voltage-clamp analyses have shown that apamin at low concentrations specifically blocks the ca2+-dependent k+ channel in differentiated neuroblastoma cells. binding experiments with highly radiolabeled toxin indicate that the dissociation constant of the apamin-receptor complex in differentiated neuroblastoma cells is 15-22 pm and the maximal binding capacity is 12 fmol/mg of prote ...	1982	6122211
proteins in venoms of two wasps, polistes comanchus navajoe and vespa orientalis.	1. by means of gel electrophoresis the basic proteins in venoms of polistes comanchus navajoe and vespa orientalis were resolved into 6 and 5 proteins respectively, all of molecular weights greater than 15,000. 2. several proteins appeared to be similar in both venoms. 3. the main component of p. comanchus venom responsible for hemolysis was isolated, and data concerning its thermolability, molecular weight (approximately 26,000) and amino acid composition show that unlike the cytolytic componen ...	1982	6122535
gila monster and mexican beaded lizard venoms enhance guanylate cyclase activity.	gila monster (heloderma suspectum) and mexican beaded lizard (heloderma horridum) venoms enhanced rat liver, lung, heart, kidney, cerebellar and ileal guanylate cyclase [e.c.4.6.1.2] activity two- to threefold at their 1 microgram/ml concentrations. dose response relationships revealed that the ed50 for stimulation of guanylate cyclase was 10 ng/ml while a concentration of 1 microgram/ml was necessary for the maximal activation with both venoms. varying the concentration of the guanylate cyclase ...	1982	6123143
studies of chemically modified honeybee venom. ii. immunogenicity and suppression of reaginic antibody formation.	honeybee venom allergens modified by formaldehyde treatment (f), acetoacetylation (a), and coupling to polyethylene glycol (p) were studied with regard to their immunogenicity and their ige-suppressive potential in rabbits and mice. f indiced a strong igg response in rabbits and especially mice, but only a moderate ige response in the mouse. its ige-suppressive potential in mice was comparable to that of unmodified bee venom. a induced only a weak igg and ige response. its ige-suppressive potent ...	1982	6212550
early normalization of platelet survival by endothelial seeding of dacron arterial prostheses in dogs.	current synthetic vascular prostheses do not acquire a complete lining of vascular endothelium in humans or dogs. seeding of autogenous venous endothelium has bee reported to remedy this defect, but previous studies have been primarily morphologic. to see if venous endothelial seeding caused a measurable decrease in platelet-prosthetic interaction in vivo, serial 111in-labeled platelet survival studies were done in dogs with seeded (n = 8) and unseeded (n = 9) thoracoabdominal dacron bypass pros ...	1982	6213055
effects of stimulating the lumbar sympathetic trunk on cat hindlimb muscle spindles.	1. the effect of stimulating the lumbar sympathetic trunk has been observed on cat lumbrical and tenuissimus muscle spindles. 2. spindle afferent discharges were recorded either from single ia fibers in teased dorsal root filaments or from a large number of spindles by integrating their discharges led from muscles nerves. 3. blood flow in small arteries supplying the muscle was observed through a microscope during and after the stimulation of the sympathetic trunk. 4. in some spindles repetitive ...	1982	6216869
the ca2+-dependent slow k+ conductance in cultured rat muscle cells: characterization with apamin.	the interaction of apamin, a bee venom neurotoxin, with rat skeletal muscle cell membranes has been followed using both an electrophysiological and a biochemical approach. voltage-clamp analyses have shown that apamin, at low concentrations, specifically blocks the ca2+-dependent slow k+ conductance in rat myotubes and myosacs . a specific binding site for apamin in rat muscle cell membranes has been characterized with the use of a highly radiolabelled apamin derivative [( 125i]apamin). the diss ...	1982	6329722
cleavage of honeybee prepromelittin by an endoprotease from rat liver microsomes: identification of intact signal peptide.	it has previously been shown that rat liver microsomes contain a proteolytic enzyme that cleaves honeybee prepromelittin to yield promelittin. this enzyme has now been further purified by centrifugation on a sucrose-deoxycholate gradient and then reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. incubation of prepromelittin with vesicles in the presence of melittin yields, in addition to promelittin, a hydrophobic peptide. the latter could be isolated by extraction with l-butanol and paper electrophores ...	1982	7048315
kinetics and mechanism of hemolysis induced by melittin and by a synthetic melittin analogue.	the cytotoxic peptide from honeybee venom, melittin, and a synthetic peptide analogue of it lyse human erythrocytes in a biphasic process. the kinetics of the lysis in 0.30 m sucrose, 0.01 m sodium phosphate, ph 7.30 at 4 degrees c were investigated. our results show that melittin rapidly binds to the outer surface of the erythrocyte membrane, and the surface-bound monomers produce transient openings through which approximately 40 hemoglobin molecules can escape. concomitantly, the melittin lose ...	1982	7055625
a third dna polymerase from spiroplasma citri and two other spiroplasmas.	recently, two dna polymerases (sca and scb) were isolated and characterized from spiroplasma citri. we now have found a third dna polymerase (scc) not only in s. citri but also in the serologically related honeybee spiroplasma bc3 and the unrelated flower spiroplasma bnr1. enzyme scc is n-ethylmaleimide (nem) sensitive. the three dna polymerases from the honeybee spiroplasma seem to be similar to the respective enzymes of s. citri. however, whereas the nem-resistant enzyme sca from s. citri and ...	1982	7061384
spiroplasmas: cultivation in chemically defined medium.	a chemically defined medium, cc-494, supports the cultivation in vitro of several spiroplasmas belonging to three distinct serogroups. medium cc-494 supports the growth of flower spiroplasmas fs 23-6 and fs sr-3 and of honey bee spiroplasma hbs as-576. the maximal populations of the two flower spiroplasmas and honey bee spiroplasma are comparable to those cultured in the undefined medium c-3g. the growth rate for all three spiroplasmas is slower in the defined medium.	1982	7063844
organization and role of platelet membrane phospholipids as studied with phospholipases a2 from various venoms and phospholipases c from bacterial origin.	phospholipases a2 from various snake or bee venoms and phospholipases c secreted as exotoxins by several bacteria have been used to study the transverse distribution of phospholipids in the platelet plasma membrane and their role in platelet activation. an asymmetric distribution was described for phospholipids, characterized by a preferential localization of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in plasma membrane outer leaflet, whereas the inner half contains almost all of the anionic procoagu ...	1982	7080042
adolapin--a newly isolated analgetic and anti-inflammatory polypeptide from bee venom.	adolapin was isolated by a two-step procedure: gel filtration and chromatography on cm cellulose. the molecular mass of the polypeptide as determined by sds electrophoresis and amino acid composition proved to be 11500 and 11092 respectively. adolapin exhibited a potent analgesic effect demonstrated by the "writhing" test (ed50-0,016mg/kg) and by the randall-sellito's test (ed50-0,013 mg/kg). the anti-inflammatory activity of adolapin was most marked with regard to carrageenin, prostaglandin and ...	1982	7080045
in vitro induction of germinal vesicle breakdown in xenopus laevis oocytes by melittin.	the bee venom, melittin, is an amphipathic polypeptide comprising 26 amino acids with known sequence. it consists of a hydrophobic and a basic hydrophilic segment, possesses lipolytic activity, and stimulates na+-k+ pump activity. at 1.5 microm melittin induces 98% germinal vesicle breakdown (gvbd) in stage vi (dumont) oocytes and 96% in stage iv oocytes. progesterone (30 microm) induced 100% gvbd in stage vi oocytes and none in stage iv oocytes. gvbd occurs earlier with melittin than with proge ...	1982	7084570
stimulation of fatty acid methylation in human red cell membranes by phospholipase a2 activation.	nonpolar methylated products comprise approximately 50% of the radioactive material extractable into chloroform/methanol after incubation of human red cell membranes with s-[methyl-3h]adenosylmethionine. one of these nonpolar products is fatty acid methyl ester. the enzyme which synthesizes fatty acid methyl ester had an apparent km for s-adenosylmethionine of about 0.6 micro m and a vmax of about 0.6 pmol/mg protein per 30 min. half-maximal activity was achieved upon addition of about 20 micro ...	1982	7104380
calcium and the action of adrenaline, adenosine triphosphate and carbachol on guinea-pig taenia caeci.	1. the action of adrenaline (in the presence of propranolol; 3 x 10(-6) m), adenosine triphosphate (atp) and carbachol on guinea-pig taenia caeci, and the interaction between these agonists, was studied by measuring changes in membrane potential using the sucrose-gap method in quiescent preparations at 22 degrees c.2. a sustained hyperpolarization was caused by addition of adrenaline (3 x 10(-6) m) and by applying adenosine triphosphate (atp; 4 x 10(-4) m) for 5 min in krebs solution. in calcium ...	1982	7108782
spiroplasmal viruses: group 1 characteristics.	virus-like particles of three morphologic groups have been detected by electron microscopy in 90% of spiroplasma strains. in this study, virus-like particles of group 1 (spv1)--unenveloped rods 230-280 nm by 10-15 nm--were found in 575 of spiroplasmas. spv1 occurred spontaneously in large numbers in cultures of strains b (corn stunt), g1 (tulip tree flower), bc3 (honeybee), and kc3 (honeybee), respectively; the viruses were isolated and assayed as plaque-forming units, with several of the same s ...	1982	7123048
polyacrylamide gel analysis of spiroplasmas proteins and its contribution to the taxonomy of spiroplasmas.	representative strains of the known groups and serogroups of spiroplasmas have been compared on the basis of the results of one- and two-dimensional protein analysis on polyacrylamide gels. each of the four subgroups of the spiroplasma citri complex (s. citri and honeybee, corn stunt, and 277f spiroplasmas) has characteristic protein profiles and maps. spiroplasma g1 isolated from flowers has a protein profile closely related to that of the honeybee spiroplasmas (kc3, bc3, as576, b1707, b88, and ...	1982	7123051
bee venom therapy of adjuvant arthritis.		1982	7131471
effect of phospholipase a2 on calcium transport in brain synaptosomes.	pretreatment of isolated brain synaptic endings with commercial phospholipase a2 isolated from venom of apis mellifera, followed by a bsa washing, selectively inhibited the depolarization-dependent portion of 45ca uptake. phospholipase a2 initially caused an increase of synaptosome respiration and subsequently inhibited their oxygen uptake, but this effect was completely abolished in bsa-containing media. the classical uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, dnp, produced release of 45ca or [3h] ...	1982	7131592
specific binding and pharmacological interactions of apamin, the neurotoxin from bee venom, with guinea pig colon.	this paper describes the interaction of apamin, the bee venom neurotoxin, with its receptor in the guinea pig colon. the pharmacological activity of the toxin was assayed by measuring its contracting effect on guinea pig colon preparations that had been previously relaxed by neurotensin. the ic50 value of apamin in this in vitro bioassay is 7 nm. these pharmacological data are compared to the binding properties of apamin to smooth muscle membranes prepared from guinea pig colon. the highly radio ...	1982	7132561
enhanced ige and igg anti-melittin antibody formation induced by heparin-melittin complexes in mice.	it is known that heparin which is strongly anionic will precipitate in vitro with cationic proteins such as melittin, the principal constituent of bee venom. our experiments indicate that mice immunized with complexes of melittin and heparin produced greater amounts of ige and igg antibody (to this protein) than did mice immunized with melittin alone. it is possible that heparin released from mast cells following a bee sting could complex with melittin and enhance the allergenic properties of th ...	1982	7137526
crossed radioimmunoelectrophoretic studies of bee venom allergens.	crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie) glass slides of honey bee venom showing 18 immunoprecipitates were used in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (crie) experiments with sera from 25 patients allergic to honey bee venoms. phospholipase a, acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase and melittin were demonstrated in the immunoprecipitates using zymographic techniques and direct hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. the crie experiments verified the allergenicity of these proteins. in addition, another antigen (ag ...	1982	7137529
crossed immunoelectrophoresis analysis of bee venom. enzymatic identification of antigens.	bee venom obtained by electrical stimulation has been analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against high-titer rabbit antibodies. the antigenic analysis of bee venom revealed that the extract contained 17 antigens, which were detected in the crossed immunoelectrophoresis pattern after staining with coomassie brilliant blue. the crossed immunoelectrophoresis pattern indicated heterogeneity in several of the antigens, as most of the precipitates (exhibiting enzyme and hemolytic activities) rep ...	1982	7137530
[rapid transmembrane migration of phosphatidylcholine under the influence of cytochrome p-450].	the phosphatidylcholine exchange protein and bee venom phospholipase a2 were used to estimate the phosphatidylcholine accessibility in proteoliposome-containing cytochrome p-450. without cytochrome p-450 phosphatidylcholine was only partly accessible for the both membrane probes. incorporation of cytochrome p-450 into the liposomes resulted in a complete accessibility of phosphatidylcholine for the phosphatidylcholine exchange protein and phospholipase a2. on the other hand, phosphatidylcholine ...	1982	7159628
beta-bungarotoxin-induced cell-death of neurons in chick retina.	the cytotoxicity of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-btx), a snake venom neurotoxin with phospholipase a2 activity, for chick neurons was investigated using organ and monolayer cultures of retina. beta-btx led to a marked reduction in the total activities of choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase of retina cultures at concentrations as low as 100 pm. the total activity of lactate dehydrogenase was, however, much less affected by beta-btx. also, the total activity of tyrosine hydroxylase of ...	1982	7171991
preparation of neurotoxic 3h-beta-bungarotoxin: demonstration of saturable binding to brain synapses and its inhibition by toxin i.	1. homogeneous beta-bungarotoxin, isolated from the venom of bungarus multicinctus was radiolabelled with n-succinimidyl-[2.3-(3) h]propionate. stable, di-propionylated material was obtained which was tritiated on both subunits and had a specific radioactivity of 102 ci/mmol. 2. after separation from unlabelled toxin by isoelectric focussing, it was shown to exhibit significant biological activity in both the peripheral and central nervous systems but had negligible phospholipase a2 activity tow ...	1982	7173209
gram-negative pathogens in septicaemic infections.	for the last two decades, gram-negative rod bacteremia has been the major infectious disease problem developing in patients hospitalized in the united states and many european countries. mortality rates are high and have exceeded 30% in patients with serious underlying diseases. the most commonly isolated organisms are escherichia coli, klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia, and pseudomonas aeruginosa but the latter organism has consistently been associated with the highest case fatality ratios. stoo ...	1982	6808659
[evolutionistic significance of biological form-function relationship based on the example of the shoulder-blade in higher primates. ii. form and function, goal and random factor: literature].	the shoulder-blades of the monkeys are mainly constructed as a shock-absorbing platform, supporting the weight of the torso, which is hung up between the 2 forelegs in a muscle sling, composed by the m. serratus ventralis. the mobility of the arms are of less importance, although this mobility is more developed in monkeys than in other quadrupedal mammals. the shoulder-blades of the hominoids are freed from the supporting function and are mainly constructed for the mobility of the arms. therefor ...	1982	6818094
cultivation and partial characterization of spiroplasmas in cell cultures.	spiroplasmas were propagated in the drosophila melanogaster cell line dm-1. spiroplasma citri and unidentified strains (corn shunt organism, 277f [tick isolate], powder puff, bnr-1, honey bee, and obmg) grew to 10(8) to 10(9) colony-forming units per ml and could be passaged. cytopathic effect (cpe) varied with the infecting spiroplasma. the honey bee isolate killed dm-1 within 2 to 4 days and produced cpe in four mammalian cells tested. at 25 degrees c, suckling mouse cataract agent produced no ...	1982	6797950
the nucleotide sequence of the 5s rrna from spiroplasma species bc3 and mycoplasma mycoides sp. capri pg3.	using in vitro labelling techniques, the complete nucleotide sequence of the 5s ribosomal rnas isolated from the honeybee pathogen, spiroplasma species bc3 and mycoplasma mycoides sp. capri pg3, have been determined. the latter shows only 3 differences from the reported sequence of m. capricolum 5s rrna, indicating that these two species are very closely related. the spiroplasma sequence is also 107 nucleotides long and a comparative analysis of the sequence confirms that this spiroplasma specie ...	1982	6757862
mucosal mast cells. i. isolation and functional characteristics of rat intestinal mast cells.	we have developed a procedure for the dispersion of mast cells from the intestinal lamina propria (lp) and epithelium of rats infected with the intestinal nematode, nippostrongylus brasiliensis. the dispersed cells are morphologically and histochemically similar to intestinal mucosal mast cells (mmc) in situ and are distinguishable from peritoneal mast cells (pmc). mmc derived from the lp or epithelium of parasitized animals secrete histamine in response to the specific parasite antigens as well ...	1982	6176638
mucosal mast cells. ii. effects of anti-allergic compounds on histamine secretion by isolated intestinal mast cells.	functional mast cells have been isolated from the lamina propria of the small intestine of rats infected with the nematode nippostrongylus brasiliensis. the cells released histamine on challenge with specific antigen, anti-rat ige, concanavalin a, and calcium ionophores but were less responsive than peritoneal mast cells (mmc) from the same animals. intestinal mucosa mast cells (pmc) were refractory to the action of the basic secretagogues peptide 401 from bee venom and compound 48/80. the anti- ...	1982	6176639
effect of honeybee (apis mellifera) venom on the course of adjuvant-induced arthritis and depression of drug metabolism in the rat.	the ability of honeybee venom to suppress mycobacterium butyricum-induced arthritis was studied in lewis rats. bee venom, 2 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 24 days, suppressed but did not abolish the primary and secondary inflammatory responses to the adjuvant as monitored by decreases in the swelling of the left and right hind paws and adjuvant-induced arthritis on heme metabolism were also examined. bee venom or adjuvant had no effect on hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase, porphyrin content, or ferr ...	1982	6177321
studies of chemically modified honeybee venom. i. biochemical, toxicologic and immunologic characterization.	allergens of honeybee venom (bv) were modified by formaldehyde treatment (f), acetoacetylation (a) or coupling to polyethylene glycol (p). the biochemical, toxicologic and immunologic properties of these modified bv preparations were analyzed. f showed strongly reduced cytotoxicity, enzymatic activity and reactivity with human bv-specific ige antibodies but retained the reactivity to bv-specific human and rabbit igg. in a, enzymatic activity, cytotoxicity and the reactivity with human ige and ra ...	1982	6178698
a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for honeybee venom-specific immunoglobulin g.	a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for honeybee venom-specific igg is reported. this elisa surmounts the problem of poor reproducibility due to nonparallelism of dilution curves in previously reported elisas. the assay is performed in polyvinyl "u" microtiter plates in which hbv is physically adsorbed to the wells. the antigen is sequentially overlaid with human serum albumin, unknown serum diluted in 10% normal goat serum (ngs), and peroxidase-labeled anti-human igg in ngs ...	1982	6179974
unique functional characteristics of mucosal mast cells.	mast cells have been isolated from the intestine (imc) of rats previously infected with the nematode, nippostrongylus brasiliensis. functional studies on imc have shown that they are responsive to antigen and possess surface ige but, in contrast to peritoneal mast cells (pmc), imc are unresponsive to the basic secretagogues, 48/80 and bee venom peptide 401, and hyporesponsive to ionophores. furthermore, sodium cromoglycate, ah9679 and theophylline inhibited secretion by pmc but not imc, whereas ...	1982	6183933