Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| canine-based strategies for prevention and control of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a zoonosis found worldwide. its incidence has increased in brazil in recent years, representing a serious public and animal health problem. the strategies applied in brazil are questionable and are not sufficient to control the disease. thus, we have compared the efficacy of some of the currently available strategies focused on dogs to prevent and control zoonotic vl in endemic areas by optimizing a mathematical model. the simulations showed that the elimination of ... | 2016 | 27471852 |
| far beyond phagocytosis: phagocyte-derived extracellular traps act efficiently against protozoan parasites in vitro and in vivo. | professional mononuclear phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn), monocytes, and macrophages are considered as the first line of defence against invasive pathogens. the formation of extracellular traps (ets) by activated mononuclear phagocytes is meanwhile well accepted as an effector mechanism of the early host innate immune response acting against microbial infections. recent investigations showed evidence that etosis is a widely spread effector mechanism in vertebrates and inve ... | 2016 | 27445437 |
| the site of the bite: leishmania interaction with macrophages, neutrophils and the extracellular matrix in the dermis. | leishmania spp., the causative agents of leishmaniasis, are intracellular parasites, transmitted to humans via the bite of their sand fly vectors. once inoculated, the promastigotes are exposed to the dermis, which is composed of extracellular matrix (ecm), growth factors and its resident cells. promastigote forms are phagocytosed by macrophages recruited to the site of the sand fly bite, either directly or after interaction with neutrophils. since leishmania is an intracellular parasite, its in ... | 2016 | 27146515 |
| decentralized control of human visceral leishmaniasis in endemic urban areas of brazil: a literature review. | human migration and concomitant hiv infections are likely to bring about major changes in the epidemiology of some parasitic infections in brazil. human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl) control is particularly fraught with intricacies. it is against a backdrop of decentralized health care that the complex hvl control initiatives are brought to bear. this comprehensive review aims to explore the obstacles facing decentralized hvl control in urban endemic areas in brazil. | 2016 | 27433128 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccination: a matter of quality. | there have been exhaustive efforts to develop an efficient vaccine against leishmaniasis. factors like host and parasite genetic characteristics, virulence, epidemiological scenarios, and, mainly, diverse immune responses triggered by leishmania species make the achievement of this aim a complex task. it is already clear that the induction of a th1, pro-inflammatory response, is important in the protection against leishmania infection. however, many questions must still be answered to fully unde ... | 2016 | 27148270 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in petrolina, state ofpernambuco, brazil, 2007-2013. | visceral leishmaniasis is a life-threatening disease of great public health relevance in brazil. the municipality of petrolina is an endemic area in the state of pernambuco, brazil. this study was designed to assess the recent expansion of vl in the municipality of petrolina, pernambuco. patients data were obtained from the brazilian national information system for notifiable diseases (sinan). a total of 111 records from 2007 to 2013 were investigated, of which 69 were residents in petrolina. th ... | 2016 | 27074323 |
| leishmania infantum genetic diversity and lutzomyia longipalpis mitochondrial haplotypes in brazil. | leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the americas with domestic dogs being its major reservoir hosts. the main vl vector is the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis, while other lutzomyia species may play a role in disease transmission. although the genetic structure of l. infantum populations has been widely evaluated, only a few studies have addressed this subject coupled to the genetic structure of the respective sandfly vectors. in this study, we analyzed t ... | 2016 | 27119085 |
| lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for leishmania infantum. | leishmania infantum is the most widespread etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the world, with significant mortality rates in human cases. in latin america, this parasite is primarily transmitted by lutzomyia longipalpis, but the role of lutzomyia migonei as a potential vector for this protozoan has been discussed. laboratory and field investigations have contributed to this hypothesis; however, proof of the vector competence of l. migonei has not yet been provided. in this study ... | 2016 | 26988559 |
| characterization of a digestive α-amylase in the midgut of pieris brassicae l. (lepidoptera: pieridae). | the current study deals with a digestive α-amylase in the larvae of pieris brassicae l. through purification, enzymatic characterization, gene expression, and in vivo effect of a specific inhibitor, acarbose. although α-amylase activity was the highest in the whole gut homogenate of larvae but compartmentalization of amylolytic activity showed an equal activity in posterior midgut (pm) and anterior midgut (am). a three step purification using ammonium sulfate, sepharyl g-100 and deae-cellulose f ... | 2016 | 27014094 |
| diffuse and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical cases experienced in ecuador and a brief review. | in ecuador, cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is prevalent countrywide, but only one case of diffuse-cl and two cases of disseminated-cl were experienced during our research activities more than 30 years from 1982 to date. these three patients suffered from multiple lesions distributed at a wide range of the body surface, revealing difficulty to clinically differentiate each other. | 2016 | 27398061 |
| identification of canine visceral leishmaniasis in a previously unaffected area by conventional diagnostic techniques and cell-block fixation. | after the report of a second case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in são bento da lagoa, itaipuaçu, in the municipality of maricá, rio de janeiro state, an epidemiological survey was carried out, through active search, totaling 145 dogs. indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and rapid chromatographic immunoassay based on dual-path platform (dpp) were used to perform the serological examinations. the parasitological diagnosis of cutaneous fragm ... | 2016 | 26910449 |
| understanding the transmission dynamics of leishmania donovani to provide robust evidence for interventions to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis in bihar, india. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a neglected vector-borne disease. in india, it is transmitted to humans by leishmania donovani-infected phlebotomus argentipes sand flies. in 2005, vl was targeted for elimination by the governments of india, nepal and bangladesh by 2015. the elimination strategy consists of rapid case detection, treatment of vl cases and vector control using indoor residual spraying (irs). however, to achieve sustained elimination of vl, an appropriate post elimination surveillanc ... | 2016 | 26812963 |
| pac1r agonist maxadilan enhances hadsc viability and neural differentiation potential. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) is a structurally endogenous peptide with many biological roles. however, little is known about its presence or effects in human adipose-derived stem cells (hadscs). in this study, the expression of pacap type i receptor (pac1r) was first confirmed in hadscs. maxadilan, a specific agonist of pac1r, could increase hadsc proliferation as determined by cell counting kit-8 and cell cycle analysis and promote migration as shown in wound-heali ... | 2016 | 26798992 |
| new insights into the transmissibility of leishmania infantum from dogs to sand flies: experimental vector-transmission reveals persistent parasite depots at bite sites. | canine leishmaniasis (canl) is a chronic fatal disease of dogs and a major source of human infection through propagation of parasites in vectors. here, we infected 8 beagles through multiple experimental vector transmissions with leishmania infantum-infected lutzomyia longipalpis. canl clinical signs varied, although live parasites were recovered from all dog spleens. splenic parasite burdens correlated positively with leishmania-specific interleukin 10 levels, negatively with leishmania-specifi ... | 2016 | 26768257 |
| salo, a novel classical pathway complement inhibitor from saliva of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. | blood-feeding insects inject potent salivary components including complement inhibitors into their host's skin to acquire a blood meal. sand fly saliva was shown to inhibit the classical pathway of complement; however, the molecular identity of the inhibitor remains unknown. here, we identified salo as the classical pathway complement inhibitor. salo, an 11 kda protein, has no homology to proteins of any other organism apart from new world sand flies. rsalo anti-complement activity has the same ... | 2016 | 26758086 |
| nycthemeral rhythm of phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) in a craggy region, transitioning between the wetland and the plateau, brazil. | recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. we investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in mato grosso do sul (ms) state, brazil. sand flies were captured monthly, using a shannon trap for 24 h periods between july 2012 and june 2014. we collected 1,815 sand flies, in which lutzomyia whitmani (=nyssomyia whitmani, sens ... | 2016 | 27688269 |
| anthropophily of lutzomyia wellcomei (diptera: psychodidae) in an atlantic forest conservation unit in northeast brazil. | lutzomyia wellcomei (fraiha, shaw & lainson) (diptera: psychodidae) can act as an important vector of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis this study presents the results of collections carried out in a fragment of atlantic forest in a conservation unit of rio grande do norte state. collections occurred over 12 consecutive months using shannon and cdc traps. a total of 777 sand flies from eight species were collected: lutzomyia walkeri (newstead), lutzomyia evandroi (costa lima & antunes), lutzomyi ... | 2016 | 27330100 |
| molecular identification of lutzomyia migonei (diptera: psychodidae) as a potential vector for leishmania infantum (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae). | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum. this parasite is transmitted by the bite of a female sand fly. the most important sand fly species in vl transmission is lutzomyia longipalpis. in fortaleza, the capital of ceará state, brazil, the simultaneous occurrence of lutzomyia migonei and l. longipalpis was detected in localities where vl transmission is observed. the purpose of this study was to determine conclusively if l. migonei can be found natural ... | 2016 | 26995718 |
| ecology of lutzomyia longipalpis and lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis. | the main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is lutzomyia longipalpis. however, the absence of l. longipalpis in a region of autochthonous vl demonstrates the participation of other species in the transmission of the parasite. studies conducted in la banda, argentina, and são vicente férrer, pernambuco state, brazil, have correlated the absence of l. longipalpis and the presence of l. migonei with autochthonous cases of vl. in são vicente férrer, pernambuco, there was evidence for t ... | 2016 | 25271451 |
| xenodiagnosis on dogs with visceral leishmaniasis: canine and sand fly aspects related to the parasite transmission. | one of the main limitations for the effective control of canine leishmaniasis in endemic areas is the difficulty in identifying infectious dogs. the objective of this study was to determine factors, related to dogs and to parasite detection in sand flies, which are associated with the positive xenodiagnosis of leishmania infantum using the vector lutzomyia longipalpis. the xenodiagnosis was performed in 50 owned dogs residing in endemic areas, which were divided into three different groups: g1-2 ... | 2016 | 27198788 |
| association between leishmania infantum dna in the hair of dogs and their infectiousness to lutzomyia longipalpis. | diagnosis of infection with leishmania infantum by dna detection in the hair has been recently demonstrated in dogs and wild animals. our objective was to investigate if polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in hair might be used to identify infectious dogs. thus, we assessed the infectiousness to lutzomyia longipalpis by xenodiagnosis in comparison with the detection of l. infantum dna by pcr in the hair, and with serology for anti-leishmania igg by elisa in 15 positive dogs for l. infantum infection ... | 2016 | 27890081 |
| presence of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) in the parque estadual da serra da tiririca, state of rio de janeiro, southeastern brazil. | the sand fly, lutzomyia longipalpis, is the main vector of leishmania infantum in the americas, primarily occurring in areas of apparent anthropomorphic modifications in several regions of brazil. | 2016 | 27812657 |
| parasite load in the blood and skin of dogs naturally infected by leishmania infantum is correlated with their capacity to infect sand fly vectors. | the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is primarily responsible for the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the new world, and dogs are considered to be the main urban reservoir of this disease. in order to improve the efficacy of control measures, it is essential to assess the transmission capacity of leishmania infantum to the sand fly vector by naturally infected dogs. the present study investigated the existence of correlations between canine clinical presentation and the intensity of ... | 2016 | 27809965 |
| field evaluation of a new strategy to control lutzomyia longipalpis, based on simultaneous application of an adulticide-larvicide mixture. | leishmania infantum (syn. chagasi) is the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in argentina, and the phlebotomine fly lutzomyia longipalpis is its main vector. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dragon max(®), an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing the pyrethroid permethrin and the larvicide pyriproxyfen, for lu. longipalpis control under field conditions. the work was conducted in the city of posadas (misiones province, argentina). comparisons were ... | 2016 | 27802395 |
| dispersal of lutzomyia longipalpis and expansion of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in são paulo state, brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl), a neglected disease, is a serious public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. the objectives of the study were to evaluate the sensitivity of lutzomyia longipalpis and canine vl (cvl) autochthony early detection and describe the spatial and temporal dispersal of vector and expansion of vl in a brazilian state. we obtained data on the leishmaniasis vector and vl cases in são paulo state (sp), brazil, from the division of endemic disease control an ... | 2016 | 27640322 |
| antissaliva antibodies of lutzomyia longipalpis in area of visceral leishmaniasis. | the aim of the present study was to assess the presence of antissaliva antibodies of lutzomyia longipalpis in human hosts living in area of visceral leishmaniasis, located in the center-west region of brazil. the presence of antissaliva antibodies of l. longipalpis exhibited a strong correlation with the protection and development of antibodies against leishmania sp. of the 492 children studied, elevated antissaliva antibodies of l. longipalpis were detected in 38.4% of the participants. there w ... | 2016 | 27093167 |
| nestedness patterns of sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) species in a neotropical semi-arid environment. | a common pattern in neotropical leishmania spp. transmission is the co-occurrence of several sand fly (sf) species at endemic foci. we collected 13 sf spp. by direct aspiration in natural resting places (nrp) and 10 sf spp. with shannon traps (st), totaling 15 spp. with both methods, at 6 locations within a semi-arid region with endemic visceral leishmaniasis transmission in falcón state, northwestern venezuela. we used null model testing of species co-occurrence and nestedness metrics estimated ... | 2016 | 26456179 |
| an evaluation of light-emitting diode (led) traps at capturing phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in a livestock area in brazil. | a study to evaluate the use of light-emitting diodes (leds) as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies at two animal pens in a livestock area in brazil was performed. light-suction traps were operated overnight with the following light sources: green, blue, and incandescent (control) lights. in total, 22 individual collections were made at each site and 44 with each trap type. in total, 2,542 specimens belonging to 14 phlebotomine species were collected. the most abundant species in the light ... | 2016 | 27026156 |
| [in vitro insecticidal activity of seed neem oil on lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae)]. | lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. the objective was to evaluate the effect of oil from (azadirachta indica) neem seeds on eggs, larvae and adults of the vector. the insects were captured in the field and kept in the laboratory at +/- 27 °c and 80% relative humidity. five treatments with different concentrations were performed using two negative controls (distilled water and tween 80) and a positive control. the eggs were sprayed with the oil at differe ... | 2016 | 20385053 |
| photoperiod differences in sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) species richness and abundance in caves in minas gerais state, brazil. | caves are unique habitats that are inhabited by a diverse and singular biota. among these inhabitants are sand flies, which are of great epidemiological interest in the neotropical region because they are vectors of leishmania the period of activity of these insects is usually crepuscular and nocturnal, but there are reports of diurnal activity of sand flies in caves. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the periodicity of daily activity of sand flies in cave environments in the municipal ... | 2016 | 27559123 |
| insect vectors of disease: untapped reservoirs for new antimicrobials? | with the increase in antibiotic resistance among infectious diseases, the need for new strategies for identifying compounds with inhibitory effects is dire. traditional methods of genome sequencing and systematic characterization of potential antimicrobial gene clusters, although effective, are unfortunately not yielding results at a speed consistent with the rise in antimicrobial resistance. one approach could be to use a more targeted approach to antimicrobial compound discovery. insect vector ... | 2016 | 28066398 |
| prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in districts of high and low endemicity in mali. | historically the western sahelian dry regions of mali are known to be highly endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania major, while cases are rarely reported from the southern savanna forest of the country. here, we report baseline prevalence of cl infection in 3 ecologically distinct districts of mali (dry sahelian, north savanna and southern savanna forest areas). we screened 195 to 250 subjects from 50 to 60 randomly selected households in each of the 6 villages (four from ... | 2016 | 27898671 |
| the diversity of yellow-related proteins in sand flies (diptera: psychodidae). | yellow-related proteins (yrps) present in sand fly saliva act as affinity binders of bioamines, and help the fly to complete a bloodmeal by scavenging the physiological signals of damaged cells. they are also the main antigens in sand fly saliva and their recombinant form is used as a marker of host exposure to sand flies. moreover, several salivary proteins and plasmids coding these proteins induce strong immune response in hosts bitten by sand flies and are being used to design protecting vacc ... | 2016 | 27812196 |
| impact of trypanosoma cruzi on antimicrobial peptide gene expression and activity in the fat body and midgut of rhodnius prolixus. | rhodnius prolixus is a major vector of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease in latin america. in natural habitats, these insects are in contact with a variety of bacteria, fungi, virus and parasites that they acquire from both their environments and the blood of their hosts. microorganism ingestion may trigger the synthesis of humoral immune factors, including antimicrobial peptides (amps). the objective of this study was to compare the expression levels of amps (defensins an ... | 2016 | 26931761 |
| evolutionarily conserved odorant receptor function questions ecological context of octenol role in mosquitoes. | olfaction is a key insect adaptation to a wide range of habitats. in the last thirty years, the detection of octenol by blood-feeding insects has been primarily understood in the context of animal host-seeking. the recent discovery of a conserved octenol receptor gene in the strictly nectar-feeding elephant mosquito toxorhynchites amboinensis (taor8) suggests a different biological role. here, we show that taor8 is a functional ortholog of its counterparts in blood-feeding mosquitoes displaying ... | 2016 | 27849027 |
| effect of the saliva from different triatomine species on the biology and immunity of tlr-4 ligand and trypanosoma cruzi-stimulated dendritic cells. | triatomines are blood-sucking vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease. during feeding, triatomines surpass the skin host response through biomolecules present in their saliva. dendritic cells (dcs) play a crucial role in the induction of the protection to aggressive agents, including blood-sucking arthropods. here, we evaluated if salivary components of triatomines from different genera evade the host immunity by modulating the biology and the function of lps- or t. c ... | 2016 | 27938380 |
| saliva of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) inhibits classical and alternative complement pathways. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the main ectoparasite affecting livestock worldwide. for a successful parasitism, ticks need to evade several immune responses of their hosts, including the activation of the complement system. in spite of the importance of r. microplus, previous work only identified one salivary molecule that blocks the complement system. the current study describes complement inhibitory activities induced by r. microplus salivary components and mechanisms elicited by puta ... | 2016 | 27515662 |
| insecticide resistance in phlebotomine sandflies in southeast asia with emphasis on the indian subcontinent. | visceral leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar in india, is a global public health problem. in southeast asia, bangladesh, bhutan, india, nepal, sri lanka and thailand are endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. the role of sandflies as the vector of kala-azar was first confirmed in 1942 in india. insecticide resistance in phlebotomus argentipes annandale and brunetti, the vector of kala-azar in the indian subcontinent, was first reported in 1987 in bihar, india. this article provides a scoping ... | 2016 | 27817749 |
| diversity of bacteriome associated with phlebotomus chinensis (diptera: psychodidae) sand flies in two wild populations from china. | sand fly phlebotomus chinensis is a primary vector of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in china. the sand flies have adapted to various ecological niches in distinct ecosystems. characterization of the microbial structure and function will greatly facilitate the understanding of the sand fly ecology, which would provide critical information for developing intervention strategy for sand fly control. in this study we compared the bacterial composition between two populations of ph. chinensis ... | 2016 | 27819272 |
| molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder bibionomorpha sensu lato (diptera). | the phylogeny of the insect infraorder bibionomorpha (diptera) is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of three nuclear (18s, 28s, cad) and three mitochondrial (12s, 16s, coi) gene markers. all the analyses strongly support the monophyly of bibionomorpha in both the narrow (sensu stricto) and the broader (sensu lato) concepts. the major lineages of bibionomorpha sensu lato (sciaroidea, bibionoidea, anisopodoidea, and scatopsoidea) and most of the included families are supported as monoph ... | 2016 | 27781163 |
| characterization of a midgut mucin-like glycoconjugate of lutzomyia longipalpis with a potential role in leishmania attachment. | leishmania parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and a crucial step in their life-cycle is the binding to the sand fly midgut. laboratory studies on sand fly competence to leishmania parasites suggest that the sand flies fall into two groups: several species are termed "specific/restricted" vectors that support the development of one leishmania species only, while the others belong to so-called "permissive" vectors susceptible to a wide range of leishmania species. in a previous s ... | 2016 | 27457627 |
| purification and characterization of a novel kazal-type trypsin inhibitor from the leech of hirudinaria manillensis. | kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors are found in a large number of living organisms and play crucial roles in various biological and physiological processes. although some kazal-type serine protease inhibitors have been identified in leeches, none has been reported from hirudinaria manillensis, which is a medically important leech. in this study, a novel kazal-type trypsin inhibitor was isolated from leech h. manillensis, purified and named as bdellin-hm based on the sequence similarity with ... | 2016 | 27455325 |
| dna barcode for the identification of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis plant feeding preferences in a tropical urban environment. | little is known about the feeding behavior of hematophagous insects that require plant sugar to complete their life cycles. we studied plant feeding of lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies, known vectors of leishmania infantum/chagasi parasites, in a brazilian city endemic with visceral leishmaniasis. the dna barcode technique was applied to identify plant food source of wild-caught l. longipalpis using specific primers for a locus from the chloroplast genome, ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. dna f ... | 2016 | 27435430 |
| differential expression profiles of the salivary proteins sp15 and sp44 from phlebotomus papatasi. | sand fly saliva has been shown to help parasite establishment and to induce immune responses in vertebrate hosts. in the current study, we investigated the pattern of expression of two phlebotomus papatasi salivary transcripts in specific physiological and seasonal conditions at a hyperendemic area of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in iran. | 2016 | 27342811 |
| screening of fungi for biological control of a triatomine vector of chagas disease: temperature and trypanosome infection as factors. | entomopathogenic fungi have been investigated as an alternative tool for controlling various insects, including triatomine vectors of the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease. here we tested the pathogenicity and virulence of ten isolates of the fungi metarhizium spp. and beauveria bassiana against rhodnius prolixus and found all of the isolates to be virulent. we used two isolates (urpe-11 metarhizium anisopliae and ent-1 beauveria bassiana) for further screening ... | 2016 | 27855217 |
| rhodnius prolixus and r. robustus (hemiptera: reduviidae) nymphs show different locomotor patterns on an automated recording system. | circadian rhythms of triatomines, vectors of the etiological agent trypanosoma cruzi responsible for chagas disease, have been extensively studied in adults of the two most epidemiologically relevant vector species, rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans. however, little attention has been dedicated to the activity patterns in earlier developmental stages, even though triatomine nymphs are equally capable of transmitting t. cruzi to humans. because circadian rhythms may differ even between clo ... | 2016 | 27121502 |
| duplication and diversification of dipteran argonaute genes, and the evolutionary divergence of piwi and aubergine. | genetic studies of drosophila melanogaster have provided a paradigm for rna interference (rnai) in arthropods, in which the microrna and antiviral pathways are each mediated by a single argonaute (ago1 and ago2) and germline suppression of transposable elements is mediated by a trio of piwi-subfamily argonaute proteins (ago3, aub, and piwi). without a suitable evolutionary context, deviations from this can be interpreted as derived or idiosyncratic. here we analyze the evolution of argonaute gen ... | 2016 | 26868596 |
| taxonomy, diversity, temporal and geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia: a retrospective study. | leishmaniases are tropical zoonotic diseases, caused by kinetoplastid parasites from the genus leishmania. new world (nw) species are related to sylvatic cycles although urbanization processes have been reported in some south american countries such as colombia. currently, few studies show the relative distribution of leishmania species related to cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in south america due to the lack of accurate surveillance and public health systems. herein, we conducted a systematic es ... | 2016 | 27328969 |
| sandflies in an urban area of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in midwest brazil. | the phlebotomine fauna of campo grande city, capital of mato grosso do sul state in brazil, an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, has been thoroughly investigated, but all the insect collections were undertaken with automatic light traps. the present study sought to investigate the fauna in this city using shannon and disney traps, having human beings and hamsters, respectively, as bait. both types of traps were installed in forest fragment and peridomiciliary areas in the period from 2007 ... | 2016 | 27593433 |
| proteomic profile of the bradysia odoriphaga in response to the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole. | benzothiazole, a microbial secondary metabolite, has been demonstrated to possess fumigant activity against sclerotinia sclerotiorum, ditylenchus destructor and bradysia odoriphaga. however, to facilitate the development of novel microbial pesticides, the mode of action of benzothiazole needs to be elucidated. here, we employed itraq-based quantitative proteomics analysis to investigate the effects of benzothiazole on the proteomic expression of b. odoriphaga. in response to benzothiazole, 92 of ... | 2016 | 27883048 |
| lipophosphoglycans from leishmania amazonensis strains display immunomodulatory properties via tlr4 and do not affect sand fly infection. | the immunomodulatory properties of lipophosphoglycans (lpg) from new world species of leishmania have been assessed in leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis, the causative agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. this glycoconjugate is highly polymorphic among species with variation in sugars that branch off the conserved gal(β1,4)man(α1)-po4 backbone of repeat units. here, the immunomodulatory activity of lpgs from leishmania amazonensis, the causative agent of di ... | 2016 | 27508930 |
| high resolution melting analysis targeting hsp70 as a fast and efficient method for the discrimination of leishmania species. | protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania cause a large spectrum of clinical manifestations known as leishmaniases. these diseases are increasingly important public health problems in many countries both within and outside endemic regions. thus, an accurate differential diagnosis is extremely relevant for understanding epidemiological profiles and for the administration of the best therapeutic protocol. | 2016 | 26928050 |
| sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae), vectors of leishmania protozoa, at an atlantic forest conservation unit in the municipality of nísia floresta, rio grande do norte state, brazil. | sand flies are insect vectors of protozoa from the genus leishmania, causative parasites of visceral and american tegumentary leishmaniases. the present study discusses the bioecological aspects of sand fly species, transmitters of leishmania protozoa, in different ecotopes of an atlantic forest conservation unit located in the metropolitan region of natal, rio grande do norte state, brazil. | 2016 | 26864023 |
| "the environment is everything that isn't me": molecular mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of insect clocks in variable surroundings. | circadian rhythms are oscillations in behavior, metabolism and physiology that have a period close to 24 h. these rhythms are controlled by an internal pacemaker that evolved under strong selective pressures imposed by environmental cyclical changes, mainly of light and temperature. the molecular nature of the circadian pacemaker was extensively studied in a number of organisms under controlled laboratory conditions. but although these studies were fundamental to our understanding of the circadi ... | 2016 | 26793115 |
| pyrosequencing the midgut transcriptome of the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus (germar) (coleoptera: curculionidae) reveals multiple protease-like transcripts. | the banana weevil cosmopolites sordidus is an important and serious insect pest in most banana and plantain-growing areas of the world. in spite of the economic importance of this insect pest very little genomic and transcriptomic information exists for this species. in the present study, we characterized the midgut transcriptome of c. sordidus using massive 454-pyrosequencing. we generated over 590,000 sequencing reads that assembled into 30,840 contigs with more than 400 bp, representing a sig ... | 2016 | 26949943 |
| environmental niche modelling of phlebotomine sand flies and cutaneous leishmaniasis identifies lutzomyia intermedia as the main vector species in southeastern brazil. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is caused by a protozoan of the genus leishmania and is transmitted by sand flies. the state of espírito santo (es), an endemic area in southeast brazil, has shown a considerably high prevalence in recent decades. environmental niche modelling (enm) is a useful tool for predicting potential disease risk. in this study, enm was applied to sand fly species and cl cases in es to identify the principal vector and risk areas of the disease. sand flies were collected in 46 ... | 2016 | 27783641 |
| molecular diversity between salivary proteins from new world and old world sand flies with emphasis on bichromomyia olmeca, the sand fly vector of leishmania mexicana in mesoamerica. | sand fly saliva has been shown to have proteins with potent biological activities, salivary proteins that can be used as biomarkers of vector exposure, and salivary proteins that are candidate vaccines against different forms of leishmaniasis. sand fly salivary gland transcriptomic approach has contributed significantly to the identification and characterization of many of these salivary proteins from important leishmania vectors; however, sand fly vectors in some regions of the world are still ... | 2016 | 27409591 |
| sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in aquidauana municipality, pantanal of mato grosso do sul , brazil. | the aquidauana municipality is considered an endemic area of leishmaniasis and an important tourist site in mato grosso do sul state. the aim of this study was to investigate the sand fly fauna in the city of aquidauana. captures were carried out twice a month, from april 2012 to march 2014 with automatic light traps and active aspiration, in the peridomicile and domicile of six residences. a total of 9,338 specimens were collected, 3,179 and 6,159 using light traps and active aspiration, respec ... | 2016 | 27982353 |
| could phlebotomus mascittii play a role as a natural vector for leishmania infantum? new data. | the occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies in central europe was questioned until they were recorded for the first time in germany in 1999, and ten years later also in austria. the aim of this study was to investigate sand flies collected in austria for their carrier status of leishmania spp. | 2016 | 27542911 |
| diagnostic doses and times for phlebotomus papatasi and lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) using the cdc bottle bioassay to assess insecticide resistance. | insecticide resistance to synthetic chemical insecticides is a worldwide concern in phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae), the vectors of leishmania spp. parasites. the cdc bottle bioassay assesses resistance by testing populations against verified diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for an insecticide, but the assay has been used limitedly with sand flies. the objective of this study was to determine diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for laboratory lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & n ... | 2016 | 27083417 |
| study of leishmania pathogenesis in mice: experimental considerations. | although leishmaniases are endemic in 98 countries, they are still considered neglected tropical diseases. leishmaniases are characterized by the emergence of new virulent and asymptomatic strains of leishmania spp. and, as a consequence, by a very diverse clinical spectrum. to fight more efficiently these parasites, the mechanisms of host defense and of parasite virulence need to be thoroughly investigated. to this aim, animal models are widely used. however, the results obtained with these mod ... | 2016 | 26969511 |
| a historical overview of the classification, evolution, and dispersion of leishmania parasites and sandflies. | the aim of this study is to describe the major evolutionary historical events among leishmania, sandflies, and the associated animal reservoirs in detail, in accordance with the geographical evolution of the earth, which has not been previously discussed on a large scale. | 2016 | 26937644 |
| the lutzomyia longipalpis complex: a brief natural history of aggregation-sex pheromone communication. | in this paper we review the natural history of pheromone communication and the current diversity of aggregation-sex pheromones in the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. this species complex is the main vector of leishmania infantum, the agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the americas. the identification of variation in pheromone chemotypes combined with molecular and sound analyses have all contributed to our understanding of the extent of divergence among cryptic members of this complex. the impor ... | 2016 | 27842601 |
| monthly distribution of phlebotomine sand flies, and biotic and abiotic factors related to their abundance, in an urban area to which visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in corumbá, brazil. | the monthly distribution and abundance of sand flies are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. the present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal distribution of sand flies and the relation between their abundance and environmental parameters, including vegetation and climate. this study was conducted over a 2-year period (april 2012 to march 2014). monthly distribution was evaluated through the weekly deployment of cdc light traps in the peridomicile area of 5 residences in an urban area ... | 2016 | 27783667 |
| performance of conventional pcrs based on primers directed to nuclear and mitochondrial genes for the detection and identification of leishmania spp. | in visceral leishmaniasis, the detection of the agent is of paramount importance to identify reservoirs of infection. here, we evaluated the diagnostic attributes of pcrs based on primers directed to cytochrome-b (cytb), cytochrome-oxidase-subunit ii (coxii), cytochrome-c (cytc), and the minicircle-kdna. although pcrs directed to cytb, coxii, cytc were able to detect different species of leishmania, and the nucleotide sequence of their amplicons allowed the unequivocal differentiation of species ... | 2016 | 27253743 |
| sensitivity and specificity of parallel or serial serological testing for detection of canine leishmania infection. | in brazil, human and canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) caused by leishmania infantum has undergone urbanisation since 1980, constituting a public health problem, and serological tests are tools of choice for identifying infected dogs. until recently, the brazilian zoonoses control program recommended enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifa) as the screening and confirmatory methods, respectively, for the detection of canine infection. the purpose ... | 2016 | 26910354 |
| structural differences in gut bacteria communities in developmental stages of natural populations of lutzomyia evansi from colombia's caribbean coast. | lutzomyia evansi, a phlebotomine insect endemic to colombia's caribbean coast, is considered to be the main vector of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region. although insects of this species can harbor pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms in their intestinal microbiota, there is little information available about the diversity of gut bacteria present in lutzomyia evansi. in this study, conventional microbiological methods and molecular tools were used to assess the compositio ... | 2016 | 27618991 |
| leishmania infantum infection in blood donors, northeastern brazil. | 2016 | 26982482 | |
| digestion of yeasts and beta-1,3-glucanases in mosquito larvae: physiological and biochemical considerations. | aedes aegypti larvae ingest several kinds of microorganisms. in spite of studies regarding mosquito digestion, little is known about the nutritional utilization of ingested cells by larvae. we investigated the effects of using yeasts as the sole nutrient source for a. aegypti larvae. we also assessed the role of beta-1,3-glucanases in digestion of live yeast cells. beta-1,3-glucanases are enzymes which hydrolyze the cell wall beta-1,3-glucan polyssacharide. larvae were fed with cat food (control ... | 2016 | 27007411 |
| selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses. | arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ... | 2016 | 27455096 |
| recombinant salivary proteins of phlebotomus orientalis are suitable antigens to measure exposure of domestic animals to sand fly bites. | certain salivary proteins of phlebotomine sand flies injected into the host skin during blood-feeding are highly antigenic and elicit strong antibody-mediated immune responses in repeatedly-exposed hosts. these antibodies can be measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assays (elisas) using salivary gland homogenates (sghs) as the source of antigens and serve as a markers for exposure to biting sand flies. large-scale screening for anti-sand fly saliva antibodies requires replacement of sgh with ... | 2016 | 26986566 |
| proceedings of the ix international symposium on phlebotomine sandflies (isops ix), reims, france, june 28th-july 1st, 2016. | 2016 | 27677701 | |
| the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis ll5 embryonic cell line has active toll and imd pathways and shows immune responses to bacteria, yeast and leishmania. | lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america. sandfly immune responses are poorly understood. in previous work we showed that these vector insects respond to bacterial infections by modulating a defensin gene expression and activate the imd pathway in response to leishmania infection. aspects of innate immune pathways in insects (including mosquito vectors of human diseases) have been revealed by studying insect cell lines, and we have previously demonstrat ... | 2016 | 27098567 |
| an increase of larval rearing temperature does not affect the susceptibility of phlebotomus sergenti to leishmania tropica but effectively eliminates the gregarine psychodiella sergenti. | in mosquitoes, it has previously been shown that rearing conditions of immature stages have an effect on the vector competence of adults. here, we studied the impact of different larval rearing temperatures (27 °c versus 32 °c) on the sand fly phlebotomus sergenti parrot, 1917 and its susceptibility to two parasites: leishmania tropica wright, 1903, a dixenous trypanosomatid transmissible from sand flies to humans, and psychodiella sergenti lantova, volf & votypka, 2010, a monoxenous sand fly gr ... | 2016 | 27756429 |
| comparative genomics of canine-isolated leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in governador valadares, southeastern brazil. | leishmaniasis is a highly diverse group of diseases caused by kinetoplastid of the genus leishmania. these parasites are taxonomically diverse, with human pathogenic species separated into two subgenera according to their development site inside the alimentary tract of the sand fly insect vector. the disease encompasses a variable spectrum of clinical manifestations with tegumentary or visceral symptoms. among the causative species in brazil, leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis is an important e ... | 2017 | 28091623 |
| first description of leishmania (viannia) infection in evandromyia saulensis, pressatia sp. and trichophoromyia auraensis (psychodidae: phlebotominae) in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in acre state, amazon basin, brazil. | studies on the sandfly fauna to evaluate natural infection indexes are still limited in the brazilian amazon, a region with an increasing incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. here, by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction directed to leishmania kdna and hybridisation, we were able to identify l. (viannia) subgenus in 12 out of 173 sandflies captured in the municipality of rio branco, acre state, revealing a positivity of 6.94%. by sequencing the leishmania 234 bp-hsp70 amplified products ... | 2017 | 28076470 |
| the gut microbiome of the vector lutzomyia longipalpis is essential for survival of leishmania infantum. | the vector-borne disease leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania species protozoa, is transmitted to humans by phlebotomine sand flies. development of leishmania to infective metacyclic promastigotes in the insect gut, a process termed metacyclogenesis, is an essential prerequisite for transmission. based on the hypothesis that vector gut microbiota influence the development of virulent parasites, we sequenced midgut microbiomes in the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis with or without leishmania infant ... | 2017 | 28096483 |
| evidence of neofunctionalization after the duplication of the highly conserved polycomb group gene caf1-55 in the obscura group of drosophila. | drosophila caf1-55 protein is a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex prc2 and other protein complexes. it is a multifunctional and evolutionarily conserved protein that participates in nucleosome assembly and remodelling, as well as in the epigenetic regulation of a large set of target genes. here, we describe and analyze the duplication of caf1-55 in the obscura group of drosophila. paralogs exhibited a strong asymmetry in evolutionary rates, which suggests that they have evolved accordin ... | 2017 | 28094282 |
| the search for novel insecticide targets in the post-genomics era, with a specific focus on g-protein coupled receptors. | insects are considered pests globally, implicated in the destruction of agricultural fields and transmission of pathogens that cause deadly human diseases, such as dengue, zika and malaria. the diversity of the insecticide arsenal has remained stagnant for decades, but the recent rise of insecticide resistance fueled the discovery of novel modes of action, and the power of genomics has reinvigorated this search. this review discusses the importance of comparative and functional insect genomics i ... | 2017 | 28076467 |
| maxadilan-simile expression in nyssomyia neivai, a sandfly vector in an endemic region of brazil, and its immunogenicity in patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | maxadilan (max) is a salivary component in the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva 1912), a vector of visceral leishmaniasis. max has a powerful vasodilatory effect and is a candidate vaccine that has been tested in experimental leishmaniasis. nyssomyia neivai (pinto 1926) is a vector of the pathogen responsible for american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in brazil. | 2017 | 28177045 |
| bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from casa branca, brazil, using the cytochrome b pcr method. | pcr-based identification of vertebrate host bloodmeals has been performed on several vectors species with success. in the present study, we used a previously published pcr protocol followed by dna sequencing based on primers designed from multiple alignments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene used to identify avian and mammalian hosts of various hematophagous vectors. the amplification of a fragment encoding a 359 bp sequence of the cyt b gene yielded recognized amplification products in 192 ... | 2017 | 28399200 |
| in vitro inhibition of leishmania attachment to sandfly midguts and ll-5 cells by divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 and phosphoglycans. | leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum are the causative agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. several aspects of the vector-parasite interaction involving gp63 and phosphoglycans have been individually assayed in different studies. however, their role under the same experimental conditions was not studied yet. here, the roles of divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 antibodies and purified type i phosphoglycans (pgs) were evaluated during in vitro parasite attachm ... | 2017 | 28472733 |
| first record of lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) on the trinational frontier (brazil-peru-bolivia) of south-western amazonia. | in south america, the main sand fly species involved in the transmission of leishmania infantum chagasi (cunha & chagas, 1937), etiological agent of the visceral leishmaniasis (vl), is lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912). the species has been recorded in colombia, venezuela, bolivia, argentina, paraguay, uruguay, and brazil, where it is recorded in 24 of the 27 brazilian states, except acre, amazonas, and santa catarina. collections were carried out for one year (april 2013 to march 2014) ... | 2017 | 28453779 |
| leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. | the aims of the study were to determine the blood feeding preferences of sandflies and to identify species of leishmania that infected phlebotomines in caxias, maranhão, brazil, an area that is highly endemic for leishmaniasis. sandflies were captured in light traps located in the peridomiciliary environments of randomly selected houses in urban and rural settings between 1800 and 0600 hours on new moon days between march 2013 and february 2015. dna extracts from 982 engorged female sandflies we ... | 2017 | 28837565 |
| molecular detection of wolbachia pipientis in natural populations of sandfly vectors of leishmania infantum in endemic areas: first detection in lutzomyia longipalpis. | a polymerase chain reaction-based method was used to screen sandflies for infection with wolbachia (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae), an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont found in many arthropods and filarial hosts. positive results were obtained in five of 200 field-collected sandflies and were confirmed by sequencing. all sandflies were lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) captured in a region endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. this is the first study to identify wolbachia ... | 2017 | 28799248 |
| after infection with leishmania infantum, golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) become more attractive to female sand flies (lutzomyia longipalpis). | in brazil, human and canine visceral leishmaniasis is caused by infection with leishmania infantum, a protist parasite transmitted by blood-feeding female lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. the objective of this study was to determine if the odour of hamsters, infected with le. infantum, was more attractive than the odour of the same hamsters, before they were infected. the attractiveness of odour collected from individual hamsters (n = 13), before they were infected, was compared in a longitudin ... | 2017 | 28733676 |
| occurrence of lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva 1912 and cerdocyon thous linnaeus 1977, in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in brazil. | cerdocyon thous presents a wide geographic distribution in brazil and its role as a possible leishmania infantum reservoir in a visceral leishmaniasis (vl) transmission cycle regardless of dogs (canis familiaris) has been discussed. from this perspective, this work describes the occurrence and use of the habitat by cerdocyon thous in a lutzomyia longipalpis occurrence area teresina (piaui - brazil), vl endemic region. three specimens of c. thous were monitored with the use of radio telemetry and ... | 2017 | 28712973 |
| ecological parameters of the (s)-9-methylgermacrene-b population of the lutzomyia longipalpis complex in a visceral leishmaniasis area in são paulo state, brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an important public health challenge in brazil because of the high number of human and canine cases reported annually. leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of vl and lutzomyia longipalpis is its main vector. however, evidence suggests that this taxon constitutes a species complex. in sao paulo state, there are two populations of lu. longipalpis, each secreting distinct pheromones, (s)-9-methylgermacrene-b and cembrene 1; both have been associated with diffe ... | 2017 | 28558760 |
| leishmania infantum dna detected in phlebotomine species from puerto iguazú city, misiones province, argentina. | in puerto iguazú city, argentina, human and canine visceral leishmaniasis cases have been recorded since the year 2010, with leishmania infantum as the etiological agent and lutzomyia longipalpis as its main vector. in the present study, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to detect l. infantum dna in 3.9% of the female sandflies captured in puerto iguazú city. this is the first report of l. infantum dna detection in micropygomyia quinquefer, and the second one in lu. longipalpis ... | 2017 | 28476601 |
| occurrence and probability maps of lutzomyia longipalpis and lutzomyia cruzi (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in brazil. | leishmaniases are serious diseases caused by trypanosomatid protozoans of the genus leishmania transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. we analyzed records pertaining to lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva, 1912) and lutzomyia cruzi (mangabeira, 1938) in brazil from the following sources: the collection of phlebotomine sand flies of the centro de pesquisas rené rachou/fiocruz (fiocruz-colfleb), the "specieslink" (cria) database, from systematic surveys of scientific articles and gra ... | 2017 | 28472338 |
| photoperiod differences in sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) species richness and abundance in caves in minas gerais state, brazil. | caves are unique habitats that are inhabited by a diverse and singular biota. among these inhabitants are sand flies, which are of great epidemiological interest in the neotropical region because they are vectors of leishmania the period of activity of these insects is usually crepuscular and nocturnal, but there are reports of diurnal activity of sand flies in caves. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the periodicity of daily activity of sand flies in cave environments in the municipal ... | 2017 | 28082636 |
| increasing potential risk for american visceral leishmaniasis in amapá, brazil. | the present note discusses some evidence on the increasing potential risk for american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) transmission in the northern brazilian state of amapá, the guianan-amazon biome. | 2017 | 28001227 |
| bacterial diversity of wild-caught lutzomyia longipalpis (a vector of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in brazil) under distinct physiological conditions by metagenomics analysis. | the leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoans of the genus leishmania, which are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. in the new world, lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of visceral leishmaniasis and is a proven vector for leishmania infantum chagasi in brazil. during development within the vector, leishmania can interact with a variety of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. the presence of bacteria in the midgut of sand flies can influence ... | 2017 | 29284535 |
| detection of leishmania dna and blood meal identification in sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from lençois maranhenses national park region, brazil. | to elucidate portions of the transmission cycles of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (tl) and visceral leishmaniasis (vl) occurring in the region surrounding the lençóis maranhenses national park, an important tourist center in brazil, the present study objectives were to determine the rate of natural infection by leishmania spp. and the blood meal in caught sand flies species in the region. sand flies were captured over 36 mo in 62 locations of the municipality of barreirinhas, maranhão with ... | 2017 | 29281057 |
| the effect of luminous intensity on the attraction of phlebotomine sand flies to light traps. | to improve the efficiency of light traps in collecting phlebotomine sand flies, the potential effects of luminous intensity on the attraction of these insects to traps were evaluated. sand flies were collected with hooper pugedo (hp) light traps fitted with 5-mm light-emitting diodes (led) bulbs: green (520 nm wavelength-10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 millicandela (mcd) and blue (470 nm-4,000, 12,000 and 15,000 mcd). a total of 3,264 sand flies comprising 13 species were collected. the collected spec ... | 2017 | 29272438 |
| a defined subunit vaccine that protects against vector-borne visceral leishmaniasis. | vaccine development for vector-borne pathogens may be accelerated through the use of relevant challenge models, as has been the case for malaria. because of the demonstrated biological importance of vector-derived molecules in establishing natural infections, incorporating natural challenge models into vaccine development strategies may increase the accuracy of predicting efficacy under field conditions. until recently, however, there was no natural challenge model available for the evaluation o ... | 2017 | 29263878 |
| lipophosphoglycan polymorphisms do not affect leishmania amazonensis development in the permissive vectors lutzomyia migonei and lutzomyia longipalpis. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg) is a dominant surface molecule of leishmania promastigotes. its species-specific polymorphisms are found mainly in the sugars that branch off the conserved gal(β1,4)man(α1)-po4 backbone of repeat units. leishmania amazonensis is one of the most important species causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world. here, we describe lpg intraspecific polymorphisms in two le. amazonensis reference strains and their role during the development in three sand fly species. | 2017 | 29246180 |
| a temporal comparison of sex-aggregation pheromone gland content and dynamics of release in three members of the lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) species complex. | lutzomyia longipalpis is the south american vector of leishmania infantum, the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). male l. longipalpis produce a sex-aggregation pheromone that is critical in mating, yet very little is known about its accumulation over time or factors involved in release. this laboratory study aimed to compare accumulation of pheromone over time and determine factors that might influence release in three members of the l. longipalpis species complex. | 2017 | 29194438 |
| co-occurrence and seasonal and environmental distributions of the sandflies lutzomyia longipalpis and nyssomyia whitmani in the city of puerto iguazú, northeastern argentina. | the aim of this work was to study the distribution of phlebotominae (diptera: psycodidade) abundance in time and space in an area in northeastern argentina with vector transmission of visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. for this, 51 households were selected using a 'worst scenario' criterion where one light trap was set during two consecutive nights in peridomiciles in the transitions between the four seasons, and the environment was surveyed simultaneously. the relationships of phlebotomine ... | 2017 | 29178206 |
| pre-clinical antigenicity studies of an innovative multivalent vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis. | the notion that previous infection by leishmania spp. in endemic areas leads to robust anti-leishmania immunity, supports vaccination as a potentially effective approach to prevent disease development. nevertheless, to date there is no vaccine available for human leishmaniasis. we optimized and assessed in vivo the safety and immunogenicity of an innovative vaccine candidate against human visceral leishmaniasis (vl), consisting of virus-like particles (vlp) loaded with three different recombinan ... | 2017 | 29176865 |