Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| toxin-resistant sodium channels: parallel adaptive evolution across a complete gene family. | approximately 75% of vertebrate proteins belong to protein families encoded by multiple evolutionarily related genes, a pattern that emerged as a result of gene and genome duplications over the course of vertebrate evolution. in families of genes with similar or related functions, adaptation to a strong selective agent should involve multiple adaptive changes across the entire gene family. however, we know of no evolutionary studies that have explicitly addressed this point. here, we show how 4 ... | 2008 | 18258611 |
| comparative genomic analysis of novel conserved peptide upstream open reading frames in drosophila melanogaster and other dipteran species. | upstream open reading frames (uorfs) are elements found in the 5'-region of an mrna transcript, capable of regulating protein production of the largest, or major orf (morf), and impacting organismal development and growth in fungi, plants, and animals. in drosophila, approximately 40% of transcripts contain upstream start codons (uaugs) but there is little evidence that these are translated and affect their associated morf. | 2008 | 18237443 |
| characterization of a vitellogenin gene fragment in boophilus microplus ticks. | the objective of this study was to isolate, clone, and characterize a fragment of the vitellogenin (vg) gene from a b. microplus tick strain from mexico. using cdna and specific primers, an 1800-bp fragment was amplified, cloned, and transformed in into e. coli, and then sequenced. comparative analysis with a previously reported sequence showed 99% identity at both the nucleotide and amino acid level. the predicted amino acid sequence of the mexican vg has 6 positive mutations. there is an inser ... | 2008 | 19120174 |
| an extraovarian aspartic protease accumulated in tick oocytes with vitellin-degradation activity. | an aspartic endopeptidase named thap, from the eggs of the tick riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus, has been suggested to be involved in vitellin-degradation. here we characterized this enzyme further, showing that thap mrna is present in the fat body, midgut and ovary of ticks, in two developmental stages (partially and fully engorged females). however, higher transcription levels were found in fully engorged vitellogenic females. the thap protein was detected in the haemolymph, midgut and fat ... | 2008 | 18782630 |
| revealing pancrustacean relationships: phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal protein genes places collembola (springtails) in a monophyletic hexapoda and reinforces the discrepancy between mitochondrial and nuclear dna markers. | in recent years, several new hypotheses on phylogenetic relations among arthropods have been proposed on the basis of dna sequences. one of the challenged hypotheses is the monophyly of hexapods. this discussion originated from analyses based on mitochondrial dna datasets that, due to an unusual positioning of collembola, suggested that the hexapod body plan evolved at least twice. here, we re-evaluate the position of collembola using ribosomal protein gene sequences. | 2008 | 18366624 |
| transcriptome analysis of loxosceles laeta (araneae, sicariidae) spider venomous gland using expressed sequence tags. | the bite of spiders belonging to the genus loxosceles can induce a variety of clinical symptoms, including dermonecrosis, thrombosis, vascular leakage, haemolysis, and persistent inflammation. in order to examine the transcripts expressed in venom gland of loxosceles laeta spider and to unveil the potential of its products on cellular structure and functional aspects, we generated 3,008 expressed sequence tags (ests) from a cdna library. | 2008 | 18547439 |
| differential response to diazinon and coumaphos in a strain of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected in mexico. | boophilus microplus, collected from nuevo leon, mexico, were found to be highly resistant to diazinon but not highly resistant to coumaphos, suggesting that different mechanisms of resistance were present in these ticks than other mexican organophosphate (op)-resistant ticks reported previously. when exposed to coumaphos and piperonyl butoxide or triphenylphosphate, the lcso estimate was reduced by 3.5- and 6.3-fold, respectively, suggesting that mono-oxygenases and/or esterases were involved in ... | 2008 | 18826034 |
| [expression and enzymatic activity of glutathione s-transferase in tissues of boophilus microplus females]. | cellular detoxification and excretion enzymes are important to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. in this work mrna transcription, protein expression and enzymatic activity of glutathione s-transferases (gsts), enzymes involved in the excretion of endo and xenobiotic compounds were analyzed. these parameters are elements believed to protect cells against chemical toxicity and oxidative stress in different tissues (salivary gland, ovary and synganglion) from partially engorged females and e ... | 2008 | 18823578 |
| effect of surface area to weight ratio of egg masses on the hatchability of boophilus microplus eggs. | on global basis, ticks transmit a number of pathogens than any other arthropod vector, and are among the most important vectors of diseases affecting humans, livestock and companion animals. control of the vector has been focused on integrated management involving strategic use of insecticides, use of vaccines, use of herbal acaricides and breed resistance. it has been established that tick vaccine is working on limiting the egg laying potentiality and subsequent hatchability of the ticks fed on ... | 2008 | 18592846 |
| [isolation of aspartic proteinases at different stages of development of boophilus microplus tick]. | the magnitud of tisular expression of aspartic proteinases at juvenile stages was analyzed in adult young boophilus microplus ticks as well as the effect of one of the most widely used aspartic proteinase inhibitors (pepstatin a) on their development. the isolation and quantification of acid proteolytic activity was performed in samples of parasites with different stages of the digestive process where aspartic-proteinase activity was confirmed and a tendency to increased values of enzymatic acti ... | 2009 | 15846917 |
| [identification of a neutral protease in the intestine of boophilus microplus with electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with gelatin]. | a neutral activity of boophilus microplus in the intestine was identified by electrophoresis in polyacrilamide gel copolymerized with gelatin. the maximum of activity was attained at ph 6.0. the highest specific activity at that ph was obtained with casein substrate. the disappearance of this activity was observed in both substrates after the addition of phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride in the reaction mixtures. it was very interesting to find out an endopeptidase activity with these characteristi ... | 2009 | 11826517 |
| [cathepsin l-like activity in hemolymph of females crammed with boophilus microplus]. | the cysteine-proteinase activity present in the hemolymph of females crammed with boophilus microplus at the second oviposition was proved. the enzyme assay was performed using the synthetic n-carbobenzoxi-phenilalanyl-arginil-4-metoxibetan++ +-naphthylamide substrate, and hydrolysis in both raw ovarim extract and hemolymph were observed. the activity was 100% inhibited by trans-epoxisuscinyl-l-leucidamide (4-guadinine) butane, an specific inhibitor for cysteine-proteinase. polyacrylamide and ge ... | 2009 | 10887589 |
| genetic basis and impact of tick acaricide resistance. | acaricide resistance in boophilus microplus has been studied for the last 20 years from the toxicology, metabolic and genomic points of view, however, only few methods for molecular detection of resistance have been developed. despite the relatively poor sensitivity for resistance detection, bioassays remain the method of choice for susceptibility evaluation of tick populations, based on their toxicological response after exposure to acaricides. metabolic detoxification of acaricides is known to ... | 2009 | 19273225 |
| laboratory study on biological control of ticks (acari: ixodidae) by entomopathogenic indigenous fungi (beauveria bassiana). | chemical control method using different acaricides as spray, dipping solution or pour-on is routinely used for controlling ticks. biological control agents are favorable due to their safety for animals and environment. entomopathogenic fungi such as beauveria bassiana are well known for controlling ticks. in this study, two iranian indigenous strains of b. bassiana (b. bassiana 5197 and b. bassiana evin) were selected and grown on specific media. the pathogenic effects of these strains were eval ... | 2009 | 22808380 |
| transcriptome analysis of the venom gland of the scorpion scorpiops jendeki: implication for the evolution of the scorpion venom arsenal. | the family euscorpiidae, which covers europe, asia, africa, and america, is one of the most widely distributed scorpion groups. however, no studies have been conducted on the venom of a euscorpiidae species yet. in this work, we performed a transcriptomic approach for characterizing the venom components from a euscorpiidae scorpion, scorpiops jendeki. | 2009 | 19570192 |
| in vitro establishment and propagation of a brazilian strain of anaplasma marginale with appendage in ide8 (ixodes scapularis) cells. | a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale with appendage was successfully established and maintained in vitro in a tick cell line (ide8). infection was confirmed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. in addition, primers msp1anf2 and msp1anr2 amplified products from dna extracted from infected ide8 cells. comparisons with partial sequences of the msp1α gene and the complete genome of a. marginale confirmed that the sequences of amplified fragments were from the a. marginale genome. t ... | 2009 | 24031379 |
| dynamic evolution of immune system regulators: the history of the interferon regulatory factor family. | this manuscript presents the first extensive phylogenetics analysis of a key family of immune regulators, the interferon regulatory factor (irf) family. the irf family encodes transcription factors that play important roles in immune defense, stress responses, reproduction, development, and carcinogenesis. several times during their evolution, the irf genes have undergone expansion and diversification. these genes were also completely lost on two separate occasions in large groups of metazoans. ... | 2009 | 19638535 |
| [prokaryotic expression of bm86 gene of boophilus microplus and optimization of the expression condition]. | a pair of specific primers was designed based on the reported bm86 gene of boophilus microplus,the bm86 gene was cloned by pcr using the plasmid pmd18-t-bm86 as templates, and subcloned into the prokaryotic plasmid pgex-4t-1. the recombined plasmid was transformed into e. coli bl21(de3) and followed by expression of the protein induced by different concentration of iptg for different time. sds-page showed that the recombinant plasmid pgex-4t-1/bm86 expressed a fusion protein bm86-gst (mr 94 000) ... | 2009 | 20232640 |
| effects of prolonged exposure at low temperature on boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the effects of prolonged exposure at 12 degrees c on oviposition were determined for boophilus microplus (canestrini) females. the percentage of females ovipositing remained high (greater than or equal to 80%) for exposure times of less than or equal to 30 d, but declined to 0.0 and 6.7% when females were held for 90 and 105 d, respectively. duration had no effect on the preoviposition period after females were returned to optimum temperature (25 degrees c). the number of eggs laid per female de ... | 2009 | 2795611 |
| effect of selection pressure on the cholinesterase of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) resistant to coumaphos. | the effect of selection pressure on the cholinesterase (ache) activity of two strains of boophilus microplus (canestrini) resistant to coumaphos was monitored. total ache and protein was determined from three generations of resistant ticks and a susceptible strain. the effect of an ache inhibitor, coroxon (the oxygen analog of coumaphos), was also determined. the resistance of the susceptible strain (escondido) to coumaphos remained relatively unchanged throughout the study. the tuxpan strain lo ... | 2009 | 2708629 |
| platelet aggregation inhibitors from hematophagous animals. | salivary glands from blood-sucking animals (e.g., mosquitoes, bugs, sand flies, fleas, ticks, leeches, hookworms, bats) are a rich source of bioactive molecules that counteract hemostasis in a redundant and synergistic manner. this review discusses recent progress in the identification of salivary inhibitors of platelet aggregation, their molecular characterization, and detailed mechanism of action. diversity of inhibitors is remarkable, with distinct families of proteins characterized as apyras ... | 2009 | 20035779 |
| a trypsin-like protease with apparent dual function in early lepeophtheirus salmonis (krøyer) development. | trypsin-like serine proteases are involved in a large number of processes including digestive degradation, regulation of developmental processes, yolk degradation and yolk degradome activation. trypsin like peptidases considered to be involved in digestion have been characterized in lepeophtheirus salmonis. during these studies a trypsin-like peptidase which differed in a number of traits were identified. | 2009 | 19439101 |
| the genome sequence of the protostome daphnia pulex encodes respective orthologues of a neurotrophin, a trk and a p75ntr: evolution of neurotrophin signaling components and related proteins in the bilateria. | neurotrophins and their trk and p75ntr receptors play an important role in the nervous system. to date, neurotrophins, trk and p75ntr have only been found concomitantly in deuterostomes. in protostomes, homologues to either neurotrophin, trk or p75ntr are reported but their phylogenetic relationship to deuterostome neurotrophin signaling components is unclear. drosophila has neurotrophin homologues called spätzles (spz), some of which were recently renamed neurotrophins, but direct proof that th ... | 2009 | 19807921 |
| surviving the cold: molecular analyses of insect cryoprotective dehydration in the arctic springtail megaphorura arctica (tullberg). | insects provide tractable models for enhancing our understanding of the physiological and cellular processes that enable survival at extreme low temperatures. they possess three main strategies to survive the cold: freeze tolerance, freeze avoidance or cryoprotective dehydration, of which the latter method is exploited by our model species, the arctic springtail megaphorura arctica, formerly onychiurus arcticus (tullberg 1876). the physiological mechanisms underlying cryoprotective dehydration h ... | 2009 | 19622137 |
| miro and irbase: it tools for the epidemiological monitoring of insecticide resistance in mosquito disease vectors. | monitoring of insect vector populations with respect to their susceptibility to one or more insecticides is a crucial element of the strategies used for the control of arthropod-borne diseases. this management task can nowadays be achieved more efficiently when assisted by it (information technology) tools, ranging from modern integrated databases to gis (geographic information system). here we describe an application ontology that we developed de novo, and a specially designed database that, ba ... | 2009 | 19547750 |
| modular evolution of glutathione peroxidase genes in association with different biochemical properties of their encoded proteins in invertebrate animals. | phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases (phgpx), the most abundant isoforms of gpx families, interfere directly with hydroperoxidation of lipids. biochemical properties of these proteins vary along with their donor organisms, which has complicated the phylogenetic classification of diverse phgpx-like proteins. despite efforts for comprehensive analyses, the evolutionary aspects of gpx genes in invertebrates remain largely unknown. | 2009 | 19344533 |
| functional expression of an arachnid sodium channel reveals residues responsible for tetrodotoxin resistance in invertebrate sodium channels. | tetrodotoxin (ttx) is a potent blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels, but not all sodium channels are equally sensitive to inhibition by ttx. the molecular basis of differential ttx sensitivity of mammalian sodium channels has been largely elucidated. in contrast, our knowledge about the sensitivity of invertebrate sodium channels to ttx remains poor, in part because of limited success in functional expression of these channels. in this study, we report the functional characterization in xeno ... | 2009 | 19828457 |
| genomic resources for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens, and the role of vectorbase. | high-throughput genome sequencing techniques have now reached vector biology with an emphasis on those species that are vectors of human pathogens. the first mosquito to be sequenced was anopheles gambiae, the vector for plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. further mosquitoes have followed: aedes aegypti (yellow fever and dengue fever vector) and culex pipiens (lymphatic filariasis and west nile fever). species that are currently in sequencing include the body louse pediculus humanus (typhus ... | 2009 | 18262474 |
| systemic alterations of bovine hemostasis due to rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus infestation. | the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a hematophagous ectoparasite that causes considerable economic losses to cattle breeding. although r. microplus saliva contains several molecules that interfere with the blood coagulation process, so far the systemic alterations in the host hemostatic system have not been described. this study aims to determine if r. microplus infestation induces any disturbance to the host's hemostatic system. to address these questions, six calves were experiment ... | 2009 | 18571684 |
| laboratory determination of efficacy of indigenous plant extracts for parasites control. | the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol dried leaf, flower, and seed extracts of achyranthes aspera l., anisomeles malabarica (l.) r. br., gloriosa superba l., psidium guajava l., ricinus communis l., and solanum trilobatum l. tested against the larvae of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini 1887) (acari: ixodidae), sheep internal parasite paramphistom ... | 2009 | 19308453 |
| evidence of a tick rnai pathway by comparative genomics and reverse genetics screen of targets with known loss-of-function phenotypes in drosophila. | the arthropods are a diverse group of organisms including chelicerata (ticks, mites, spiders), crustacea (crabs, shrimps), and insecta (flies, mosquitoes, beetles, silkworm). the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is an economically significant ectoparasite of cattle affecting cattle industries world wide. with the availability of sequence reads from the first chelicerate genome project (the ixodes scapularis tick) and extensive r. microplus ests, we investigated evidence for puta ... | 2009 | 19323841 |
| babesia bigemina: in vitro multiplication of sporokinetes in ixodes scapularis (ide8) cells. | this paper describes the in vitro multiplication process of babesia bigemina sporokinetes in a cell line (ide8) from ixodes scapularis ticks. the inoculum was obtained from hemolymph of engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks naturally infected with b. bigemina. these ticks had been fed on calves living in a tick endemic farm in brazil. microscopic morphological details are shown to describe the development of the parasite in the tick cells; the identity of the parasite was ... | 2009 | 19324040 |
| the salivary transcriptome of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) larvae: a microarray-based analysis. | in spite of the many recent developments in the field of vector sialomics, the salivary glands of larval mosquitoes have been largely unexplored. we used whole-transcriptome microarray analysis to create a gene-expression profile of the salivary gland tissue of fourth-instar anopheles gambiae larvae, and compare it to the gene-expression profile of a matching group of whole larvae. we identified a total of 221 probes with expression values that were (a) significantly enriched in the salivary gla ... | 2009 | 19328852 |
| vaccination with recombinant boophilus annulatus bm86 ortholog protein, ba86, protects cattle against b. annulatus and b. microplus infestations. | the cattle ticks, boophilus spp., affect cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. tick vaccines constitute a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to tick control. the recombinant b. microplus bm86 protective antigen has been shown to protect cattle against tick infestations. recently, the gene coding for b. annulatus bm86 ortholog, ba86, was cloned and the recombinant protein was secreted and purified from the yeast pichia pastoris. | 2009 | 19335900 |
| seroprevalence estimation and management factors associated with high herd seropositivity for babesia bovis in commercial dairy farms of puerto rico. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine individual cow seroprevalence of babesia bovis in adult lactating dairy cattle of puerto rico (pr), to assess the associations of farm management factors on herd seroprevalence, and to document the species of ticks infesting cattle within these farms. antibody activity against b. bovis was determined using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). serum samples were obtained from 2,414 adult lactating dairy cattle from 76 randomly selected c ... | 2009 | 19343529 |
| selection of native isolates of beauveria bassiana (ascomycetes: clavicipitaceae) for the microbial control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | previously undiscovered isolates of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (ascomycetes: clavicipitaceae) able to control rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) were obtained for the first time in argentina. the isolates were selected from three sources: 1) soil samples from the provinces of corrientes, formosa, and chaco, where ticks are endemic; 2) dead female ticks; and 3) the fungal collection from the entomopathogenic fungi laboratory of imyza-inta castelar. to s ... | 2009 | 19351079 |
| francisella-like endosymbiont dna and francisella tularensis virulence-related genes in brazilian ticks (acari: ixodidae). | ticks are vectors of a variety of pathogens, including francisella tularensis. bacteria in the genus francisella have been identified mostly in the northern hemisphere and include tick endosymbionts. francisella has never been described in brazil, where amblyomma spp. ticks are known as the vector of many bacterial zoonotic pathogens. in the present work, we have identified bacterial dna sequences with identity to francisella genes in amblyomma dubitatum neumann dermacentor nitens (neumann), and ... | 2009 | 19351090 |
| the relationship between spotted fever group rickettsiae and ixodid ticks. | spotted fever group rickettsiae are predominantly transmitted by ticks. rickettsiae have developed many strategies to adapt to different environmental conditions, including those within their arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. the tick-rickettsiae relationship has been a point of interest for many researchers, with most studies concentrating on the role of ticks as vectors. unfortunately, less attention has been directed towards the relationship of rickettsiae with tick cells, tissues, and ... | 2009 | 19358804 |
| identification of a mutation in the para-sodium channel gene of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus associated with resistance to synthetic pyrethroid acaricides. | resistance against synthetic pyrethroid (sp) products for the control of cattle ticks in australia was detected in the field in 1984, within a very short time of commercial introduction. we have identified a mutation in the domain ii s4-5 linker of the para-sodium channel that is associated with resistance to sps in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from australia. the cytosine to adenine mutation at position 190 in the r. microplus sequence af134216, results in an amino acid s ... | 2009 | 19367831 |
| ticks and tick-borne pathogens from wildlife in the free state province, south africa. | eight ixodid tick species, associated with 59 free-ranging mammals belonging to 10 species, were collected at five different localities in the free state province, south africa. four of the study areas were nature reserves (willem pretorius, sandveld, tussen-die-riviere, and soetdoring), and one site was a private farm located in senekal district. the collection was performed from march 2006 until june 2006. ticks (n=569) and tissues from animals (n=52) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction ... | 2009 | 19395753 |
| an in-vivo study of the efficacy and safety of ethno-veterinary remedies used to control cattle ticks by rural farmers in the eastern cape province of south africa. | ticks feed on blood, are vectors of tick-borne diseases and cause considerable skin damage to livestock. they are commonly controlled using commercial acaricides, which are expensive to the rural farmers, causing them to resort to alternative tick control methods. the objective of this study was to assess the acaricidal properties and safety of some materials (ptaeroxylon obliquum, aloe ferox, lantana camara, tagetes minuta, used engine oil and jeyes fluid, used by rural farmers to control cattl ... | 2009 | 19396566 |
| first report of trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle from costa rica. | an outbreak of haemoparasitoses occurred from october 2007 to july 2008 in cattle from the district of rio cuarto, province of alajuela, costa rica. fifty animals of various ages out of 450 brown swiss were affected. the animals presented fever, severe anemia, jaundice, abortion or premature birth, loss of appetite, decrease milk production and accentuated weight loss in a short period of time. haemoparasites were observed in the blood smears: anaplasma marginale was present in 17 animals (60.7% ... | 2009 | 19414224 |
| chemical composition and toxicity of the essential oils from cunila species (lamiaceae) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of five species of cunila (lamiaceae) native to southern brazil were analyzed by gc and gc/ms. the oil of cunila angustifolia was characterized by sabinene; cunila incana is rich in alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, cunila spicata and cunila microcephala presented menthofuran as the main component, and in the essential oil of cunila incisa, the major component was 1,8-cineole. laboratory tests were carried out to determine the effect of the essential ... | 2009 | 19421776 |
| ixodes scapularis tick serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) gene family; annotation and transcriptional analysis. | serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are a large superfamily of structurally related, but functionally diverse proteins that control essential proteolytic pathways in most branches of life. given their importance in the biology of many organisms, the concept that ticks might utilize serpins to evade host defenses and immunizing against or disrupting their functions as targets for tick control is an appealing option. | 2009 | 19435496 |
| antimicrobial activity in the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus eggs: cellular localization and temporal expression of microplusin during oogenesis and embryogenesis. | arthropods display different mechanisms to protect themselves against infections, among which antimicrobial peptides (amps) play an important role, acting directly against invader pathogens. we have detected several factors with inhibitory activity against candida albicans and micrococcus luteus on the surface and in homogenate of eggs of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. one of the anti-m. luteus factors of the egg homogenate was isolated to homogeneity. analysis by electrospray mas ... | 2009 | 19454333 |
| immunological profiles of bos taurus and bos indicus cattle infested with the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is a major threat to the improvement of cattle production in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. bos indicus cattle are naturally more resistant to infestation with the cattle tick than are bos taurus breeds, although considerable variation in resistance occurs within and between breeds. it is not known which genes contribute to the resistant phenotype, nor have immune parameters involved in resistance to r. microplus been fully des ... | 2009 | 19474263 |
| antigenic protein modifications in ehrlichia. | to develop effective vaccination strategies against ehrlichia, we have previously reported developing an animal model of cross-protection in which c57bl/6 mice primed with e. muris were resistant to lethal infection with ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (ioe). polyclonal antibody produced in mice after priming with e. muris and later injected with ioe-detected antigenic proteins in e. muris and ioe cell lysates. cross-reaction of antigenic proteins was observed when we probed both the e. muris and ioe ce ... | 2009 | 19493209 |
| isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soils and ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) ticks: prevalence and methods. | entomopathogenic fungi are commonly found in forested soils that provide tick habitat, and many species are pathogenic to ixodes scapularis say, the blacklegged tick. as a first step to developing effective biocontrol strategies, the objective of this study was to determine the best methods to isolate entomopathogenic fungal species from field-collected samples of soils and ticks from an eastern deciduous forest where i. scapularis is common. several methods were assessed: (1) soils, leaf litter ... | 2009 | 19496427 |
| transovarial transmission of francisella-like endosymbionts and anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae). | dermacentor albipictus (packard) is a north american tick that feeds on cervids and livestock. it is a suspected vector of anaplasmosis in cattle, but its microbial flora and vector potential remain underevaluated. we screened d. albipictus ticks collected from minnesota white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) for bacteria of the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, francisella, and rickettsia using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) gene amplification and sequence analyses. we detected anaplasma phagoc ... | 2009 | 19496436 |
| new approaches toward anti-rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick vaccine. | the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (formerly boophilus microplus) is the major ectoparasite affecting livestock in america, asia, africa, and oceania. conventional tick control is based on the use of acaricides but immunization of bovines with tick gut proteins induces only a partial protective immune response. based on this information, distinct research groups have explored the possibility of protecting the animals by inducing an immune response against other tick proteins. however, ... | 2009 | 19500453 |
| in silico analysis for identification of tick phagotopes selected by phage-displayed libraries. | phage display techniques have been widely employed to map epitope structures which have served as the basis for developing molecular vaccines. we have applied this technique to map specific epitopes of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. in the present study, we have identified the potential immunogens using a process in which the selected phage clones were analyzed through bioinformatics, prior to final field tests. the present study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying important r. (b. ... | 2009 | 19500459 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) as a parasite of pampas deer (ozoctoceros bezoarticus) and cattle in brazil's central pantanal. | in the pantanal, domestic and wild animals share the same habitats; their parasites and environment interact in a complex and dynamic way. the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most important cattle tick in brazil. in the past two decades, some traditional management practices are being replaced with the aim of intensifying cattle production. forested areas are being replaced by exotic pasture and ranch owners are replacing nelore for european breeds. the pampas deer (ozoctoceros bezoar ... | 2009 | 19500460 |
| immunisation with recombinant proteins subolesin and bm86 for the control of dermanyssus gallinae in poultry. | dermanyssus gallinae has a worldwide distribution and is considered to be the most serious and economically significant ectoparasite affecting egg-laying poultry in europe. recombinant bm86 and subolesin proteins derived from boophilus microplus ticks and aedes albopictus mosquitoes were used to immunise poultry in an attempt to control d. gallinaein vitro. immunisation with subolesin and bm86 stimulated different profiles of igy response, whilst bm86 but not subolesin was recognized by igy on w ... | 2009 | 19501789 |
| babesia bovis: transcriptional analysis of rrna gene unit expression. | the complex life cycle of babesia bovis includes erythrocytic stages in the bovine host and other stages occurring inside its common tick vector rhipicephalus microplus. in related apicomplexa, changing environmental conditions affect the expression of ribosomal rna, but it remained unknown whether the polymorphic a, b, and c rrna coding units of b. bovis are differentially expressed. northern blot analysis confirmed that polymorphic regions in the b. bovis 18s and its-2 rrna coding units are tr ... | 2009 | 19508867 |
| microarray analysis of gene expression changes in feeding female and male lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l). | a collection of est clones from female tick amblyomma americanum salivary glands was hybridized to rna from different feeding stages of female tick salivary glands and from unfed or feeding adult male ticks. in the female ticks, the expression patterns changed dramatically upon starting feeding, then changed again towards the end of feeding. on beginning feeding, genes possibly involved in survival on the host increased in expression as did many housekeeping genes. as feeding progressed, some of ... | 2009 | 19514082 |
| male engorgement factor: role in stimulating engorgement to repletion in the ixodid tick, dermacentor variabilis. | mating in ticks results in profound physiological changes that eventually results in egg production. in the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis, mating causes partially blood-fed female ticks to commence rapid engorgement to repletion and eventual detachment from the host and egg laying. the peptidic male pheromone (engorgement factor alpha/beta) transferred to the female during mating is known only from a single tick species, amblyomma hebraeum, and was shown to consist of two peptides pr ... | 2009 | 19538967 |
| comparative efficacy of annona squamosa and azadirachta indica extracts against boophilus microplus izatnagar isolate. | in the search of developing herbal acaricides, eight medicinal plants were screened for their efficacy against boophilus microplus, the widely distributed tick species in india. of the seven extracts screened, the extracts prepared from the annona squamosa seed showed very high level of efficacy (70.8%) after 24 h of treatment. the effect of treatment on oviposition of the survived ticks was also assessed, and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the reproductive index was noted in comparison t ... | 2009 | 19557436 |
| comparative immunogenicity of haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus calreticulins. | the ticks rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and haemaphysalis longicornis are blood-sucking ectoparasites of bovines, causing serious damages to the livestock production. the main control method for these ticks is based on acaricides. however, the use of vaccines has been studied as a promising control strategy. calreticulin (crt) is a multifunctional, predominantly intracellular protein present in almost all cells of animals. the secretion of crt during feeding might be linked to the modulati ... | 2009 | 19560273 |
| in vitro and in vivo efficacies of ivermectin and cypermethrin against the cattle tick hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (acari: ixodidae). | this study investigated the comparative efficacy of ivermectin and cypermethrin pour-on, for the treatment of hyalomma anatolicum (a.) anatolicum infestations in bovines. for examining acaricidal efficacy, 480 ticks were exposed in vitro to graded doses of both the acaricides and in vivo efficacy was examined in 360 tick-infested bovines treated at the recommended doses of ivermectin (ivm) and cypermethrin (cym) pour-on. the comparative quantitative assessment of tick burden was done on days 0, ... | 2009 | 19562374 |
| molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in mexican field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | susceptibility to synthetic pyrethroids (sp s) and the role of two major resistance mechanisms were evaluated in mexican rhipicephalus microplus tick populations. larval packet test (lpt), knock-down (kdr) pcr allele-specific assay (pasa) and esterase activity assays were conducted in tick populations for cypermethrin, flumethrin and deltamethrin. esterase activity did not have a significant correlation with sp s resistance. however a significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the pres ... | 2009 | 19565267 |
| toxicity of piper aduncum l. (piperales: piperaceae) from the amazon forest for the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the mortality of 14-21-day-old rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larvae, and the mortality and fertility of groups of engorged adult females exposed to different concentrations of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of spiked pepper (piper aduncum) were evaluated, using a completely randomized design with five treatment groups, two control groups, and two replicates for the larvae and five replicates for the adult females. similar methodology was used to investigate the toxicity of the ... | 2009 | 19573994 |
| [occurrence of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the municipality of goiatins, tocantins]. | due to a suspected human case of brazilian lyme-like disease in the city of goiatins, tocantins state, an epidemiological survey was carried out in eight counties in this region during september 2007 and february 2008, where 1,890 ticks were collected from domestic animals and from the environment. a total of eight tick species were identified: rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, dermacentor nitens, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma oblongoguttatum, amblyomma ovale, ambl ... | 2009 | 19602318 |
| the schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of host-parasite interplay. | schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in china and the philippines. here we present a draft genomic sequence for the worm. the genome provides a global insight into the molecular architecture and host interaction of this complex metazoan pathogen, revealing that it can exploit host nutrients, neuroendocrine hormones and signalling pathways for growth, development and maturation. having a complex nervous system a ... | 2009 | 19606140 |
| silencing of genes involved in anaplasma marginale-tick interactions affects the pathogen developmental cycle in dermacentor variabilis. | the cattle pathogen, anaplasma marginale, undergoes a developmental cycle in ticks that begins in gut cells. transmission to cattle occurs from salivary glands during a second tick feeding. at each site of development two forms of a. marginale (reticulated and dense) occur within a parasitophorous vacuole in the host cell cytoplasm. however, the role of tick genes in pathogen development is unknown. four genes, found in previous studies to be differentially expressed in dermacentor variabilis ti ... | 2009 | 19607704 |
| trace metals and over-expression of metallothioneins in bladder tumoral lesions: a case-control study. | previous studies have provided some evidence of a possible association between cancer and metallothioneins. whether this relates to an exposure to carcinogenic metals remains unclear. | 2009 | 19615096 |
| immune responses against recombinant tick antigen, bm95, for the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks in cattle. | immune responses against bm95 recombinant cattle tick antigen and its protective efficacy for control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks were determined in experimental crossbred cow calves. anti-bm95 antibody titers, as assessed by indirect elisa, in immunized calves ranged from 196.1+/-13.7 on day 0 to 7979.9+/-312.5 on day 110 post-primary immunization. the rise in antibody titer was statistically significant (p<0.01) throughout the study period. besides this, constantly higher lymp ... | 2009 | 19625129 |
| pharmacological action of tick saliva upon haemostasis and the neutralization ability of sera from repeatedly infested hosts. | ticks are blood-feeding arthropods widely distributed in the world and vectors of several diseases. as haematophagy demands evasion strategies and repeatedly infested hosts develop protective immune responses, we investigated the mechanisms of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus saliva anti-haemostatic activity and the possible relationship between the acquired natural anti-tick host resistance and anti-haemostatic action. for this purpose, we studied the effects of r. microplus saliva on di ... | 2009 | 19627637 |
| tick-derived kunitz-type inhibitors as antihemostatic factors. | endogenous kunitz-type inhibitors target a large number of serine proteinases, including coagulation factors viia and xa, but not thrombin. by contrast, several two-domain kunitz inhibitors of this major procoagulant proteinase have been isolated from both soft ticks (e.g., ornithodorin from ornithodoros moubata) and hard ticks (e.g., boophilin from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus). surprisingly, these anticoagulants do not follow the canonical mechanism of proteinase inhibition. instead, th ... | 2009 | 19631744 |
| identification of a mutation in the para sodium channel gene of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus associated with resistance to synthetic pyrethroid acaricides. | resistance against synthetic pyrethroid (sp) products for the control of cattle ticks in australia was detected in the field in 1984, within a very short time of commercial introduction. we have identified a mutation in the domain ii s4-5 linker of the para-sodium channel that is associated with resistance to sps in the cattle tickrhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from australia. the cytosine to adenine mutation at position 190 in ther. microplus sequence af134216, results in an amino acid sub ... | 2009 | 19640466 |
| detection and identification of rickettsial agents in ticks from domestic mammals in eastern panama. | several outbreaks of rocky mountain spotted fever have occurred in recent years in colombian communities close to the border with panama. however, little is known about rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in eastern panamanian provinces, the darien province and the kuna yala, located north of the endemic area in colombia. in 2007, 289 ticks were collected in several towns from dogs, horses, mules, cows, and pigs. dna was extracted from 124 dermacentor nitens, 64 rhipicephalus sanguineus, 43 amb ... | 2009 | 19645289 |
| new approaches to detection and identification of rickettsia africae and ehrlichia ruminantium in amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) ticks from the caribbean. | imported from africa in the 1700s and despite frequent modern eradication efforts, amblyomma variegatum (f.) spread through the caribbean by cattle transport, small ruminants, and migrating birds. a. variegatum is a vector for rickettsia africae, the causative agent of african tick bite fever, and ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater. we examined 95 a. variegatum and six rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) collected from cattle at an abattoir in antigua. engorged ... | 2009 | 19645301 |
| canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the state of minas gerais, brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence. | this epidemiological survey on canine babesiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions (lavras, belo horizonte and nanuque) of the state of minas gerais, brazil. ticks and blood samples were collected during a dry season (lavras, n=92; belo horizonte, n=50; nanuque, n=102) and the subsequent rainy season (lavras, n=71; belo horizonte, n=28; nanuque, n=66) from dogs living on farms. plasma samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of anti-babesia cani ... | 2009 | 18723199 |
| biostable agonists that match or exceed activity of native insect kinins on recombinant arthropod gpcrs. | the multifunctional arthropod 'insect kinins' share the evolutionarily conserved c-terminal pentapeptide motif phe-x(1)-x(2)-trp-gly-nh(2), where x(1)=his, asn, ser, or tyr and x(2)=ser, pro, or ala. insect kinins regulate diuresis in many species of insects. compounds with similar biological activity could be exploited for the control of arthropod pest populations such as the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) and the southern cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini), vectors of hu ... | 2009 | 18983996 |
| tick control methods used by resource-limited farmers and the effect of ticks on cattle in rural areas of the eastern cape province, south africa. | a survey to document tick control methods used by resource-limited farmers in the control of cattle ticks in the eastern cape province of south africa was conducted by interviewing 59 cattle farmers using structured questionnaires and general conversation. information collected was on external parasites of cattle, their effects and their control methods. ticks were reported to be a major problem causing diseases like anaplasmosis (89.8%), babesiosis (55.9%) and ehrlichiosis (16.9%), as well as w ... | 2009 | 18704741 |
| selection of reference genes for quantitative rt-pcr studies in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks and determination of the expression profile of bm86. | for accurate and reliable gene expression analysis, normalization of gene expression data against reference genes is essential. in most studies on ticks where (semi-)quantitative rt-pcr is employed, normalization occurs with a single reference gene, usually beta-actin, without validation of its presumed expression stability. the first goal of this study was to evaluate the expression stability of commonly used reference genes in rhipicephalus appendiculatus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplu ... | 2009 | 20040102 |
| [selection of isolates of entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (ascomycetes: clavicipitaceae) for control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae)]. | this study was carried out to select isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana with pathogenic potential to control the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick. the effectiveness of thirty isolates was first tested at a concentration of 5 x 108 conidia.ml(-1). of these, eight were evaluated (ibcb01, ibcb02, ibcb07, ibcb17, ibcb21, ibcb74, ibcb149, ibcb165) and showed an effectiveness between 90 and 99%; thirteen (ibcb03, ibcb14, ibcb16, ibcb24, ibcb95, ibcb97, ibcb102, ibcb141, ... | 2009 | 20040184 |
| [determination of lc 90 and lt 90 of ibcb66 beauveria bassiana (ascomycetes: clavicipitaceae) isolate for rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) control]. | the objective of this research was to evaluate the pathogenicity and the virulence of the ibcb66 isolate of beauveria bassiana on infected larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the ibcb66 fungus strain was used as standard isolates of b. bassiana against r. (b.) microplus larvae. the larval bioassay tests using the ibcb66 isolate were carried out to determine the (lethal concentration) lc50, lc90, (lethal time) lt50 and lt90. the ibcb66 fungus strain was tested at six different concentr ... | 2009 | 20040188 |
| [in vitro analysis of amitraz efficacy against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) populations of southern region of rio grande do sul state]. | commercial formulation of the amitraz is the most used acaricide in the southern region of rio grande do sul state, however scientific data about the efficacy of these products in this region are sparse. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of r. (b.) microplus populations resistant to amitraz acaricides in the southern region of rio grande do sul state. so, the efficacies of five commercial products containing amitraz were compared. results showed that the efficacy of amit ... | 2009 | 20040192 |
| [compatibility of beauveria bassiana (ascomycetes: clavicipitaceae) with chemicals acaricides used in the control of cattle tick]. | the purpose of the present study was to assess compatibility between ibcb66 and ibcb21 isolates of beauveria bassiana and acaricides: flumethrin+coumaphos, deltamethrin, dichlorvos+cypermethrin, dichlorvos+chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin high cis, dichlorvos+cypermethrin high cis, cypermethrin and amitraz, utilized on the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in our country. the effect of commercial products on the isolates was assayed according to observation of vegetative growth, conidia p ... | 2009 | 20040194 |
| prevalence of equine piroplasmosis and its association with tick infestation in the state of são paulo, brazil. | serum samples were collected from 582 horses from 40 stud farms in the state of são paulo and tick (acari: ixodidae) infestations were evaluated on them. serum samples were subjected to the complement fixation test (cft) and a competitive inhibition elisa (celisa) for babesia caballi and theileria equi. logistic regression analyses were performed to construct multivariate models that could explain the dependent variable (horses positive for b. caballi or t. equi) as a function of the independent ... | 2009 | 20040201 |
| comparison of efficiency and reproductive aptitude indexes between a reference and field strains of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, in sinaloa, mexico. | the objective of this work was to study the reproductive behavior of two strains of r. (b.) microplus, one wild-caught (native) and one reference strain (media joya) for two years, measuring the reproductive efficiency index (rei) and reproductive aptitude index (rai). engorged ticks from each strain were collected monthly from february 2002 to february 2004. these were weighed and kept in the laboratory until egg-laying. oogenic masses were individually weighed and incubated until larvae emerge ... | 2009 | 20040202 |
| [grazing systems, rotenone and parasites control in crossbred calves: effect on live weight gain and on parasites burdens]. | practices for endo and ectoparasite control in beef cattle were evaluated in two independent experiments. first, the effects of rotenone on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks were evaluated in vitro and in experimentally infected calves. in the second trial, the effects of grazing systems associated with endo and ectoparasite treatments on parasite burden and weight gain of naturally parasited animals were evaluated. rotenone showed acaricide action on larvae and engorged ticks during in ... | 2009 | 20040207 |
| [plant extracts in control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) in laboratory]. | plant extracts were studied to evaluate its efficiency in the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) in laboratory. engorged female ticks were collected from the cattle, kept in petri dishes. organic alcoholic extracts 2% (weight/volume) were used: seeds of annona muricata l. (annonaceae) (soursop); flowers of syzygium malaccensis (l.) (myrtaceae) (iamb), leaves of cymbopogon citratus (dc.) stapf (poaceae) (holy grass), leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) ... | 2009 | 20040208 |
| a survey of rhipicephalus microplus populations for mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance. | mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were found in mexican strains of rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini). a mutation in the sodium channel gene was reported in strains highly resistant to permethrin and another mutation in an esterase gene in a strain that shows moderate resistance to the same pesticide. methods based on the melting temperature difference of amplified allele-specific dna fragments were developed that can detect these mutations rapidly in individual larvae. when thes ... | 2009 | 19253657 |
| a survey of ectoparasitic arthropods on domestic animals in tak province, thailand. | in july 2008 a survey of ectoparasites on domestic animals was conducted in the royal thai army areas of operation along the thai-myanmar border, tak province, thailand. eleven different ectoparasites were collected: two species of hard ticks (ixodidae), three species of fleas (siphonaptera) and 6 species of sucking or chewing lice (2 species each in the suborders anoplura, ischnocera and amblycera) were collected. domestic dogs (canis lupusfamiliaris) (n = 94) were found infested with 2 species ... | 2009 | 19842427 |
| structure and mode of action of microplusin, a copper ii-chelating antimicrobial peptide from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | microplusin, a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus antimicrobial peptide (amp) is the first fully characterized member of a new family of cysteine-rich amps with histidine-rich regions at the n and c termini. in the tick, microplusin belongs to the arsenal of innate defense molecules active against bacteria and fungi. here we describe the nmr solution structure of microplusin and demonstrate that the protein binds copper ii and iron ii. structured as a single alpha-helical globular domain, micro ... | 2009 | 19828445 |
| protective efficacy of bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed bm95 antigenic peptides for the control of cattle tick infestations. | the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 and bm95 glycoproteins are homologous proteins that protect cattle against tick infestations. in this study, we demonstrated that the recombinant chimeric protein comprising tick bm95 immunogenic peptides fused to the a. marginale msp1a n-terminal region for presentation on the escherichia coli membrane was protective against r. microplus infestations in rabbits. this system provides a novel and simple approach for the production of tick protective an ... | 2009 | 19835826 |
| silencing of a putative immunophilin gene in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus increases the infection rate of babesia bovis in larval progeny. | abstract: | 2009 | 19930572 |
| hemoglobin digestion in blood-feeding ticks: mapping a multipeptidase pathway by functional proteomics. | hemoglobin digestion is an essential process for blood-feeding parasites. using chemical tools, we deconvoluted the intracellular hemoglobinolytic cascade in the tick ixodes ricinus, a vector of lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. in tick gut tissue, a network of peptidases was demonstrated through imaging with specific activity-based probes and activity profiling with peptidic substrates and inhibitors. this peptidase network is induced upon blood feeding and degrades hemoglobin at acidic ... | 2009 | 19875079 |
| (1)h, (15)n and (13)c assignments of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus anti-microbial peptide microplusin. | microplusin, a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus anti-microbial peptide (amp) is the first member of a new family of cysteine-rich amps with histidine-rich regions at the n- and c-termini, which is being fully characterized by biophysical and biochemical methods. here we report the nmr resonance assignments for (1)h, (15)n, and (13)c nuclei in the backbone and side chains of the microplusin as basis for further studies of structure, backbone dynamics and interactions mapping. | 2009 | 19888687 |
| genotyping mutations in bmache3: a survey of organophosphate-resistant and -susceptible strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | mutations i48l, i54v, r86q, v137i, i492m, and t548a were identified previously in bmache3, a gene encoding acetylcholinesterase, from the organophosphate (op) acaricide-resistant san rommn strain of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. recombinant bmache3 acetylcholinesterase containing the r86q mutation was shown to exhibit nearly 20-fold reduction in the rate of phosphorylation by paraoxon relative to the wild-type sequence. in addition, the r86q mutation was present in resistant laboratory st ... | 2009 | 19960680 |
| surveys for ectoparasites on wildlife associated with amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae)-infested livestock in st. croix, u.s. virgin islands. | surveys in 2001, 2005, and 2006 attempted to determine the role of wildlife in maintenance and dissemination of the tropical bont tick, amblyomma variegatum (f.) (acari: ixodidae), in st. croix, u.s. virgin islands. small mammals; birds; white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann); and feral cattle, bos taurus l., were examined at nine premises, in mountainous rain forest, and in surrounding areas in western st. croix, an area including and central to all known bont tick-infested prem ... | 2009 | 19960701 |
| exogenous insulin stimulates glycogen accumulation in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus embryo cell line bme26 via pi3k/akt pathway. | ticks are obligatory blood-feeding arthropods and important vectors of both human and animal disease agents. besides its metabolic role, insulin signaling pathway (isp) is widely described as crucial for vertebrate and invertebrate embryogenesis, development and cell survival. in such cascade, phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase (pi3k) is hierarchically located upstream protein kinase b (pkb). to study the insulin-triggered pathway and its possible roles during embryogenesis we used a culture of em ... | 2009 | 19268713 |
| effects of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases in europe. | zoonotic tick-borne diseases are an increasing health burden in europe and there is speculation that this is partly due to climate change affecting vector biology and disease transmission. data on the vector tick ixodes ricinus suggest that an extension of its northern and altitude range has been accompanied by an increased prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis. climate change may also be partly responsible for the change in distribution of dermacentor reticulatus. increased winter activity of i ... | 2009 | 19277106 |
| in vitro tests to establish lc50 and discriminating concentrations for fipronil against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) and their standardization. | laboratory test was carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, to determine fipronil toxicity. adult immersion test (ait, n=26), larval immersion test (lit, n=71) and larval packet test (lpt, n=41) were standardized using susceptible strain (mozo). dose-response curves were compared with a fipronil resistant strain. four variables were analyzed from ait results: mortality, weight of eggs on day 7 and on day 14, index of fertility, and index of fecun ... | 2009 | 19278787 |
| expression and activity of glycogen synthase kinase during vitellogenesis and embryogenesis of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk-3) is classically described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism in mammals. gsk-3 belongs to a highly conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases, whose members are involved in hormonal regulation, nuclear signaling, and cell fate determination in higher eukaryotes. we have cloned and characterized the rmgsk-3 gene from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick embryos. dna and protein sequence analysis depicted high similarity to the correspon ... | 2009 | 19285806 |
| genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale in argentina. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a worldwide major constraint to cattle production. the a. marginale major surface protein 1 alpha (msp1alpha) gene contains a variable number of tandem repeats in the amino terminal region and has been used for the characterization of pathogen genetic diversity. this study reports the first characterization of a. marginale genetic diversity in argentina based on msp1alpha genotypes and its putative relationship with rhipicephalus (boophilus) m ... | 2009 | 19285808 |
| the efficiency of avermectins (abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin) in the control of boophilus microplus, in artificially infested bovines kept in field conditions. | tests were performed on artificially infested bovines, kept in field conditions, to assess the efficiency of avermectins (abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin) on boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887). this assessment was carried out on 40 bovines, in the paraíba valley, in the state of são paulo, brazil. these bovines were distributed into four groups (abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin and a control group), after artificial infestation with some 4000 larvae per animal on days -21, -14, -7, -1, ... | 2009 | 19286322 |
| expression of intracellular calcium signalling genes in cattle skin during tick infestation. | it is widely acknowledged that changes in intracellular calcium ion (ca(2+)) concentration provide dynamic signals that control a plethora of cellular processes, including triggering and mediating host defence mechanisms. in this study, quantitative real-time pcr was used to analyse gene expression of 14 ca(2+) signalling proteins in skin obtained from high tick-resistant (hr) and low tick-resistant (lr) cattle following artificial challenge with cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) ... | 2009 | 19292769 |
| phylogeographic analysis reveals association of tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, msp1a sequences with ecological traits affecting tick vector performance. | the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale, which is endemic worldwide, is the type species of the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae). rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most important tick vector of a. marginale in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. despite extensive characterization of the genetic diversity in a. marginale geographic strains using major surface protein sequences, little is known about the biogeography and evolution of a. marginale and other a ... | 2009 | 19723295 |