Publications

fungal glucoamylases.	glucoamylase (alpha-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.3) from fungal sources is one of the microbial glycoproteins that has received considerable attention particularly because it is used in the commercial production of dextrose. several investigators have isolated glucoamylase from various fungal sources. in many instances the presence of more than one form of enzyme is common. the enzymes from most sources have ph optima between 4 and 5 and exhibit maximum activity between 40 and 60 degrees ...	1983	6434506
beta-xylosidase from aspergillus niger 15: purification and properties.	homogeneous (as judged by data from gel filtration, ultracentrifugation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), and isoelectric focusing) beta-xylosidase showing beta-d-xylosidase, beta-d-glucosidase, beta-d-galactosidase, and alpha-l-arabinosidase activities has been isolated from the hemicellulase preparation of the microscopic fungus aspergillus niger 15 by ethanol fractionation and chromatography on sephadex g-50, cellulose de-52, and sephadexes sp ...	1983	6434508
mechanisms of inhibition by mevinolin (mk 803) of microsome-bound radish and of partially purified yeast hmg-coa reductase (ec.1.1.1.34).	1) in kinetic studies, mevinolin proved to be a highly specific inhibitor of partially purified yeast hmg-coa reductase (ki = 3.5 nm towards hmg-coa) and of microsomal hmg-coa reductase from etiolated radish seedlings (ki = 2.2 nm). at low concentrations of nadph, the inhibitor counteracts the sigmoidal response of plant hmg-coa reductase activity towards the cosubstrate. at higher concentrations of nadph, the inhibition pattern is of non-competitive type. 2) our results are extensively compared ...	1983	6553442
effect of enzyme-matrix composition on potentiometric response to glucose using glucose oxidase immobilized on platinum.	glucose oxidase (beta-d-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.3.4) was immobilized in a crosslinked matrix of bovine serum albumin, catalase, glucose oxidase and glutaraldehyde on platinum foil. when placed in glucose solution, this enzyme-electrode elicited a potentiometric response that varied with the changes in glucose concentration. the immobilized glucose oxidase was present at 7.4-10.1 micrograms enzyme protein/ml of matrix, as determined with 125i-labelled enzyme. the coupled enzyme ac ...	1983	6615849
[qsar and aromatic series: proposals for steric parameters].	a steric parameter, sigma d (the perimeter of the efficacious section of a molecule in the same plane as the aromatic ring) is proposed. a comparison between sigma d, rm and 1xv in six different series of aromatic molecules was made. in most cases the new parameter is preferable.	1983	6617847
minimal inhibitory concentrations of lucknomycin, a new polyenic derivative, for candida and aspergillus spp.	the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of lucknomycin, a new polyenic derivative, were determined for 101 clinical isolates of candida, 38 clinical or environmental strains of aspergillus fumigatus, and 30 isolates of a. niger. the most susceptible species were candida albicans and candida tropicalis (mean mic, 0.4 micrograms/ml). aspergillus spp. were less susceptible, with mean mics of 0.60 micrograms/ml for aspergillus niger and 9.2 micrograms/ml for aspergillus fumigatus.	1983	6625552
inhibition of fungal nadp+-isocitrate dehydrogenase by citric acid.	the variations observed during earlier studies in the activity of nadp+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ec. 1.1.1.42) in a strain of aspergillus niger were found to be related to the extent of washing of mycelium. as a result the mycelium washed four times with phosphate buffer (0.05 m, ph 7.5), the enzyme activity present in 4 and 8 days old fungal mycelia increased five- and two-fold, respectively. in vivo studies showed a complete loss of enzyme activity in mycelia resuspended in hcl-kcl buffer (0. ...	1983	6636842
studies on the antigenic composition of aqueous cotton dust extracts.	an immune response to cotton dust components has been proposed as a possible mechanism of byssinosis. to evaluate this possibility, specific precipitating antibodies against aqueous cotton dust extracts (acde) were raised in rabbits, and a reference pattern for crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie) was established using this extract. a significant portion of the immune response was directed against alternaria tenuis, aspergillus niger, and fusarium solani, all documented contaminants of cotton dus ...	1983	6642705
cyclosporin a inhibits coccidioides immitis in vitro and in vivo.	balb/c mice infected intraperitoneally with coccidioides immitis were treated with cyclosporin (cya) subcutaneously. cya prevented infection when treatment was started at day zero. when treatment was delayed until day 6 after infection, the mice that received either 75 or 25 mg/kg per day survived, but those treated with 7.5 mg/kg per day had the same mortality rate as controls. the higher doses of cya prevented dissemination of the fungus from the peritoneum to the lung but did not eliminate th ...	1983	6660859
biological activity of 4-hydroxy-5-formylbenzoic acid derivatives.	a group of thirty 4-hydroxy-5-formylbenzoic acid derivatives of general formula: (formula; see text) where (formula; see text) have been prepared and characterized in an attempt to make available for testing a representative selection of hitherto undescribed hydroxyformylbenzoic acid derivatives. the products, which are listed in table i, with pertinent data, have been obtained in satisfactory yield and in a good state of purity. the prepared compounds have been tested for "in vitro" activity ag ...	1983	6667309
production of oxalic acid by some fungi infected tubers.	oxalic acid (as oxalate) was detected in four tubers commonly used for food in nigeria-dioscorea rotundata (white yam), solanum tuberosum (irish potato), ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), and manihot esculenta (cassava). whereas healthy i. batata had the highest oxalic acid content, healthy m. esculenta contained the lowest. when all tubers were artifically inoculated with four fungi-penicillium oxalicum curie and thom, aspergillus niger van tiegh, a. flavus and a. tamarii kita, there was an incre ...	1983	6670294
selective isolation of endo-d-galacturonanase of aspergillus niger based on interaction with tri(d-galactosiduronic acid) covalently bound to poly(hydroxyalkyl methacrylate).	a selective affinity-adsorbent for the extracellular endo-d-galacturonanase (e.c. 3.2.1.15) of aspergillus niger was prepared by covalent coupling of tri(d-galactosiduronic acid) to separon, a poly(hydroxyalkyl methacrylate) gel. complexing of the enzyme with the adsorbent is ph dependent; maximal interaction occurs at the optimum ph for enzyme activity. the enzyme was quantitatively displaced from the adsorbent either by changing the ph or by bioelution with soluble tri(d-galactosiduronic acid) ...	1983	6671193
quantitative structure activity considerations on the spore-inhibiting activity of esters of 1,3-dihydroxybutane.	esters of 1,3-dihydroxybutane inhibit the growth of the asexual spores of aspergillus niger. this activity is non-linearly related to lipophilic and steric parameters, e.g. partition coefficient, molecular connectivity and van der waal's volumes. the gauche parabolic shape of the activity curve allows a transformation in a simple, bilinear mathematical model. branched esters possess higher activity than the linear ones. the most potent molecule is the 2-ethylbutanoyl-1,3-dihydroxy-butane.	1983	6672488
[neonatal ulcero-necrotizing enterocolitis and aspergillosis].	a preterm infant of 33 weeks of gestation and very small birthweight 1040 g developed on the third day of life a necrotizing enterocolitis with spontaneous perforation. peritoneal fluid and small bowel meconium was cultured and revealed aspergillus niger. the literature is reviewed with seven cases of aspergillosis in newborn period. the infant is dead on the tenth day of life from periventricular haemorrhage. necropsy was performed and revealed no secondary aspergillosis localisation.	1983	6678409
a new polyene with antimycotic activity produced by a streptomycete from the rhizosphere of an indoor plant.	from the rhizosphere of a potted sanseviera trifasciata, a streptomyces griseus strain with a broad antifungal activity was isolated; in the soil of this plant, a sole hyphomycete, aspergillus niger, was found in pure culture at 37 degrees c. this streptomycete produced a polyene, belonging to the pentaene group. it was found to inhibit, in vitro, the growth of all the 123 strains tested; the strains belonging to the genera aspergillus, cryptococcus, candida, trichophyton, epidermophyton, micros ...	1983	6681974
[fungal flora in a hospital environment].	the airborne fungal flora was studied in different departments of a hospital by using a slit sampler (casella, london) where the measured volume of air is impacted to the surface of culture medium contained in petri dishes. colonies were counted after 3 days incubation at 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c. many species of hyphomycetes were identified. the main fungi isolated were cladosporium sp (especially c. cladosporioides), penicillium sp., alternaria alternata, aspergillus sp. (a. flavus, a. ni ...	1983	6312583
zinc: requirements, bioavailabilities and recommended dietary allowances.	this review has approached zinc requirements, bioavailabilities and recommended dietary allowances from a historical view. for example, a requirement for zinc was first demonstrated for the microorganism aspergillus niger more than a century ago, although zinc has been recognized as a dietary nutrient for humans only within the last decade. dietary requirement was defined as that quantity of zinc which must be provided daily in order to meet the metabolic requirement. the degree of bioavailabili ...	1983	6318226
[use of catabolic repression in the selection of the glucoamylase-producer aspergillus niger].	the effect of various carbon sources and camp on the glucoamylase synthesis in aspergillus niger was studied to find carbon sources repressed the enzyme synthesis and conditions for the selection of catabolite stable mutants. maltose at a concentration of 0.5% stimulated the glucoamylase synthesis, but at a concentration of 4% it repressed not only the enzyme synthesis but the growth of the parental strain on the agar medium. the more active mutant 66 was obtained as a result of treatment of asp ...	1983	6320159
survey, purification, and properties of sugar phosphate phosphohydrolase among microorganisms.	sugar phosphate phosphohydrolase was purified approximately 500- to 600-fold to apparent homogeneity from escherichia coli b, escherichia coli c, escherichia coli var. communior, escherichia acidilactici, enterobacter aerogenes, neisseria meningitidis, and saccharomyces cereviseae. the molecular weights of the enzyme as estimated by gel filtration ranged from 97 x 10(3) to 101 x 10(3). the enzyme was composed of two subunits with the same molecular weight which ranged from 50 x 10(3) to 52 x 10( ...	1983	6322944
contaminated first-aid dressings: report of a working party of the phls.	in a collaborative study 12 public health laboratory service laboratories and the division of hospital infection, central public health laboratory, investigated the degree of contamination of standard dressings produced by manufacturers in india or in england by a comparison of the results of culture of 25 sterilized dressings with those of 25 untreated dressings. of the 38 batches of dressings made in india 27 (71%) were judged contaminant and another six could be so judged when bacillus specie ...	1983	6339612
[fungal flora in a hospital milieu].	the airborne fungal flora was studied in different departments of an hospital by using a slit sampler (casella, london) where the measured volume of air is impacted to the surface of culture medium contained in petri dishes. colonies were counted after 3 days incubation at 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c. many species of hyphomycetes were identified. the main fungi isolated were cladosporium sp (especially c. cladosporioides), penicillium sp., alternaria alternata, aspergillus sp. (a. flavus, a. n ...	1983	6343973
lytic enzyme activity in autolysing mycelium of aspergillus niger.	we have studied changes in the activity of some lytic enzymes contained in mycelium of aspergillus niger in cultures relative to the autolytic phase of growth. acid phosphatase, polygalacturonidase and alpha-amylase activity reached its highest level (40.7, and 8 u/sample, respectively) at the initiation of the autolytic phase of growth. 1.3-beta-glucanase and beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase reached its highest level (3.5 and 2 u/sample, respectively) during the first days of autolysis. alkaline ph ...	1983	6346702
a thiol inhibitor produced by aspergillus niger.	a low molecular weight inhibitor of the thiol proteases papain and bromelain has been identified and partially purified from the culture filtrates of aspergillus niger. further studies have shown that this inhibitor reacts with compounds containing a free thiol group and as such it is capable of inhibiting other enzymes that contain a functional thiol group at their active site.	1983	6348207
aspergillus fumigatus and other thermotolerant fungi generated by hospital building demolition.	on 13 september 1981, a 51-year-old seven-story building within our hospital complex was demolished by explosives. the concern that this event might release large numbers of thermotolerant fungi (tf), potentially hazardous to immunosuppressed patients, led us to seal hospital windows and doors. the air-handling systems were also manipulated. concentrations of airborne tf, especially aspergillus fumigatus, were determined before and after demolition, using andersen and cassella air samplers with ...	1983	6354086
detoxification of pesticides by microbial enzymes.		1983	6357841
development of fluorescent-antibody reagents for demonstration of pseudallescheria boydii in tissues.	we prepared fluorescent-antibody reagents to detect and identify pseudallescheria boydii in tissue. antisera to broken mycelium and condidia (particulate antigens) and to culture filtrates (soluble antigens) of p. boydii were produced in rabbits. antisera and globulin fractions of the antisera were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and evaluated for their ability to stain p. boydii in tissues. the conjugates were first tested with cultures of 25 p. boydii isolates and 26 heterologous fungi ...	1983	6195179
high-frequency conversion to a "fluffy" developmental phenotype in aspergillus spp. by 5-azacytidine treatment: evidence for involvement of a single nuclear gene.	transient exposure of mycelia from aspergillus niger and aspergillus nidulans to the cytidine analog 5-azacytidine, leading to no more than 0.3 to 0.5% substitution for cytosine by 5-azacytosine in a. nidulans dna, resulted in the conversion of a high fraction of the cell population (more than 20%) to a mitotically and meiotically stable "fluffy" developmental phenotype. the phenotypic variants are characterized by the developmentally timed production of a profuse fluffy network of undifferentia ...	1983	6197627
high-productivity alcohol fermentations using zymomonas mobilis.	a process is under development at the university of new south wales to produce fermentation ethanol faster and more efficiently. the process is based on the micro-organism zymomonas mobilis, which has higher specific rates of ethanol production and higher yields when compared with the traditionally used yeasts. by using hollow fibre membranes for cell recycle, high productivity continuous processes have been studied at laboratory-scale. pilot scale evaluations (500 litres) are now in progress th ...	1983	6100832
[biomass production and biological purification of distillation slops in a 2-step process].	in order to lower the chemical demand (cod) of slops from cane molasses alcohol a treatment of two steps which allows the production of single cell protein of candida utilis and paecilomyces variotii has been performed. its use reduces the treatment cost. in the first step the slops without sterilization supplemented with ammonium sulphate (5 g.l-1) and dipotassium phosphate (0.5 g.l-1) was inoculated with c. utilis and p. variotii. the yield was 24 and 18 g.l-1 of dry biomass and cod reduction ...	1983	6400760
effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development.	four soil temperature and moisture treatment regimens were imposed on florunner peanuts 94 days after planting in experimental plots in 1980. at harvest (145 days after planting), the incidence of the aspergillus flavus group and the aflatoxin concentration were greatest in damaged kernels. extensive colonization of sound mature kernels (smk) by the a. flavus group occurred with the drought stress treatment (56% kernels colonized); colonization was less in the irrigated plot (7%) and the drought ...	1983	6402980
[effect of acid alpha-glucosidase from animal tissues on structurally different oligosaccharides].		1983	6403061
aspergillomycosis in intensively cultured tilapia from kenya.		1983	6404044
[properties of the exo-1,4-beta-xylosidase of aspergillus niger 15].	properties of exo-1,4-beta-xylosidase from the fungus aspergillus niger 15 were investigated. the enzyme was homogeneous during gel filtration, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence and absence of na dodecyl sulfate, ultracentrifugation and isoelectric focusing. the enzyme had a temperature optimum at 70 degrees, ph optimum 3.8-4.0 for p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xylopyranoside (p-npx), was stable at ph 3-8, retained its 100% activity for 1 hour at 50 degrees and 42% activity at 60 degr ...	1983	6406997
substrate specificity and other properties of the beta-d-galactosidase from aspergillus niger.	beta-d-galactosidase from aspergillus niger was purified by conventional techniques, including the repeated use of chromatography on hydroxylapatite. the final preparation represented a 112-fold purification, with a 22% yield. the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 72 mumol of d-galactose released/min/mg of protein, using p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside as the substrate. the substrate specificity of the enzyme was studied by using saccharides having structural linkages similar t ...	1983	6409408
effects of combinations of simulated acid rain and cadmium or zinc on microbial activity in soil.	there was little effect on the rate of co2 evolution from glucose-supplemented soil, adjusted to ph 3.2 with a 2:1 combination of h2so4 and fuming hno3, and concomitant additions of 100 or 1000 ppm cd or of 1000 or 10,000 ppm zn (as sulfates) were no more inhibitory than in soil untreated with acid. in soil adjusted to ph 2.8, the lag in co2 evolution was increased by 1 day, and was extended further by the concomitant addition of 10,000 but not 1000 ppm zn or of 1000 but not 100 ppm cd. the grow ...	1983	6411458
antimicrobial activity of some thiol-containing heterocycles.	the minimum inhibitory concentration values for a group of synthesized heterocyclic systems were determined for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi. the active compounds were screened further against a number of yeast and yeast-like organisms and gram-positive bacteria. the effect of two of these compounds on growth and mutagenicity was also tested. an attempt was made to correlate the structure of the compounds with their antimicrobial activity.	1983	6413826
[glucoamylase enzyme preparation from the culture broth of an aspergillus niger b77 strain. i. the isolation of the crude enzyme preparation and study of its properties].		1983	6417985
a rapid method for the determination of naringin, prunin, and naringenin applied to the assay of naringinase.	a naringinase assay capable of distinguishing between the content of naringin, prunin, and naringenin present in the incubation mixture, is described. the amount of these compounds can be estimated by combining two spectrophotometric procedures. (a) treatment with strong alkali to determine the amount of nargingenin as well as the sum of naringin and prunin. (b) assay of the liberated aldohexoses with o-aminodiphenyl. from the data thus obtained, the amount of the remaining substrate, the amount ...	1983	6418025
factors influencing the inhibition of aflatoxin production in corn by aspergillus niger.	aspergillus niger, a mold commonly associated with aspergillus flavus in damaged corn, interferes with the production of aflatoxin when grown with a. flavus on autoclaved corn. the ph of corn-meal disks was adjusted using naoh-hcl, citric acid-sodium citrate, or a water extract of a. niger fermented corn. aflatoxin formation was completely inhibited below ph 2.8-3.0, irrespective of the system used for ph adjustment. when grown in association with a. flavus nrrl 6432 on autoclaved corn kernels, ...	1983	6418365
actions of porcine pancreatic and bacillus subtilis alpha-amylases and aspergillus niger glucoamylase on phosphorylated (1--4)-alpha-d-glucan.	porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.1) produced o-6-phosphoryl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1--4)-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl -(1--4)-d-glucopyranose (6(3)-phosphoryl maltotriose) and o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1--4)-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl- o-3-phosphoryl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1--4)-d-glucopyranose (3(2)-phosphoryl maltotetraose) from potato starch upon exhaustive hydrolysis, while bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase (liquefying type) yielded o-alpha-d-glucopyr ...	1983	6419777
[resistance of mesospheric microorganisms to periodic freezing--thawing].	the object of this work was to study cytological changes caused by periodic freezing-thawing in the conidia of the fungi aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum isolated from the mesosphere as well as in the conidia of the same species taken from the collection of microorganisms. the conidia from the mesosphere were found to be highly resistant to the treatment. as was shown by electron microscopy, the outer "backbone" layer of the spore envelope broke down and the membranes of the plasmal ...	1983	6422211
pathogenic organisms in chronic suppurative otitis media in enugu, nigeria.	pathogenic organisms in chronic suppurative otitis media from 62 patients were identified. pseudomonas aeruginosa was responsible in 46%, staphylococcus aureus in 29%. proteus mirabilis in 13%, streptococcus pyogenes in 6%, aspergillus niger in 5% and mucor sp. in 2%. the most prevalent organism in children was staphylococcus aureus. the role of fungi in chronic suppurative otitis media is discussed.	1983	6422594
air-dried enzyme electrodes.		1984	6424506
[rapid method for determining cellobiase activity].	a simple and rapid method for determining the cellobiase activity in purified enzyme preparations was developed. it is based on a series of consecutive enzymatic reactions, i. e. hydrolysis of cellobiose by cellobiase, oxidation of the forming glucose by glucose oxidase, and formation of a dyed product under peroxidase action in the same reaction system. the dyed product is recorded spectrophotometrically at 460 nm. one measurement takes from 2-3 to 7-10 min depending on a particular method of t ...	1984	6425819
[action of desiccation and low temperatures on mesospheric strains of aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum].	aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum strains were isolated from the mesosphere and characterised. their properties significant for migration in the atmosphere are discussed. the possibility of the anabiotic state of these fungi under the action of dehydration and low temperatures was studied as well as the degree of their resistance to the aforementioned extreme factors.	1984	6429492
the nucleotide sequences of the 5 s rrnas of seven molds and a yeast and their use in studying ascomycete phylogeny.	the sequences of the 5 s rrnas isolated from 8 ascomycete species belonging to the genera aspergillus, penicillium, acremonium and candida are reported. two of the examined strains each yielded a mixture of 3 slightly different 5 s rnas, which were individually sequenced after fractionation. a previously published sequence for aspergillus nidulans 5 s rna was found to contain errors. reconstruction of an evolutionary tree based on 5 s rna sequences showed that the 16 presently examined ascomycet ...	1984	6429642
[action of dehydration on the survival, morphology and ultrastructure of the conidia of air-borne and culture collection strains of aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum].	the effect of dehydration on the morphology and fine structure of conidia was studied with the atmospheric and collection strains of aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum. dehydration did not cause changes in the structure of most conidia. however, destructive changes in the conidial wall and membrane were found in some conidia. the cytological changes of conidia were either reversible or irreversible, which determined their survival rate during dehydration.	1984	6431241
[microbial amine oxidase].		1984	6431495
[hospital aspergillosis].		1984	6431721
enzyme replacement therapy for primary adult lactase deficiency. effective reduction of lactose malabsorption and milk intolerance by direct addition of beta-galactosidase to milk at mealtime.	the addition of microbial beta-galactosidases directly to milk at mealtime represents a potential "enzyme replacement therapy" for primary lactase deficiency. we used the hydrogen breath test as the index of incomplete carbohydrate absorption to assess the efficacy of two enzymes--one from yeast, kluyveromyces lactis (lactaid), and the other from the fungus aspergillus niger (lactase n)--to assist in the hydrolysis of 18 g of lactose in 360 ml (12 oz) of whole milk when consumed by an adult lact ...	1984	6434367
[transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by aspergillus niger 15 beta-xylosidase].	the products of transglycosylation formed as a result of action of beta-xylosidase from aspergillus niger 15 on p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xylopyranoside were studied by means of chromatography on sephadexes. they are formed at the substrate concentration of 10--100 mm with the amount 7--10 times less than that of hydrolysis products. peculiarities of chromatography of substrates, products of transglycosylation and p-nitrophenol on sephadexes g-15 and g-25 were ...	1984	6422456
[in vitro comparative study of the sensitivity of aspergillus to antifungal agents].	minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole, tioconazole, econazole and ketoconazole were determined for 310 aspergillus strains belonging to four different species isolated from clinical specimens. econazole exhibited the best in vitro activity with mic less than or equal to 3.12 micrograms/ml for 96% of strains and less than or equal to 1.56 micrograms/ml for 68%. for amphotericin b, 69% of strains were less than or equal to 1.56 micrograms/ml and, f ...	1984	6462761
electrostatic control of enzyme reactions: the mechanism of inhibition of glucose oxidase by putrescine.	the interaction of putrescine dihydrochloride with glucose oxidase is reported. at ph 7.65 glucose oxidase is strongly anionic (z = -80). the pka of an essential acidic group on the reduced form of the enzyme is extremely sensitive to ionic strength, as predicted by simple electrostatic theory [j. g. voet, j. coe, j. epstein, v. matossian, and t. shipley (1981) biochemistry 20, 7182-7185]. putrescine dihydrochloride was found to inhibit glucose oxidase at ph 7.65 at a constant ionic strength of ...	1984	6465905
[antifungal properties of n-aryl-substituted maleaminic acids, their imides and copper salts].	the influence of 39 compounds (n-aryl-maleiminic acids, n-aryl-maleinimid and cu-n-arylmaleiminic acids) on the growth of aspergillus niger, a. terreus and penicillium cyclopium has been studied. maleimides have been shown to have the more toxic effect on the fungi.	1984	6466746
experimental evidence for the occurrence in honey of specific substances active against microorganisms.	numbers of micro-organisms in sewage, soil, air and tap-water counted on media containing honey were lower than those counted on the same media containing equivalent concentrations of the sugars known to occur in honey. similar experiments achieved with specific micro-organisms showed that honey had more pronounced inhibitory effects than the equivalent sugar solutions on salmonella sp., escherichia coli, aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum, but not on bacillus subtilis and saccharomyc ...	1984	6475343
immobilized glucose oxidase in the potentiometric detection of glucose.	previous work has shown that glucose oxidase can be immobilized on platinum to give an electrode that responds potentiometrically to glucose over the clinically useful range of about 10-250 mg glucose/100 ml. the present studies were carried out with electrochemically pretreated platinum and with gold or porous graphite substituted for the platinum support. the presence of the enzyme gave a significantly enhanced potentiometric response over that obtained with the bare support for both the pretr ...	1984	6476822
biological activity of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid derivatives. hydrazones with antimicrobial activity.	the following hydrazono derivatives (i-xix) of type (a) (sequence in text) where rn = (sequence in text ) (i-xvii); (sequence in text) (xviii); -ccl3 (xix); and xn = h (i); 2-cl (ii); 3-cl (iii); 4-cl (iv); 2-no2 (v); 3-no2 (vi); 4-no2 (vii); 2-oh (viii); 3-oh (ix); 4-oh (x); 4-f (xi); 3,4-och3,oh (xii); 3,4,5-och3,oh,j (xiii); 3,4-och3,och3 (xiv); 2,4-cl2 (xv); 3,4-cl2 (xvi); 2,6-cl2 (xvii); were prepared and characterized in an attempt to make available for testing a representative selection o ...	1984	6477732
isolation of aneuploid-generating mutants of aspergillus nidulans, one of which is defective in interphase of the cell cycle.	a method is described for isolating mutants potentially defective in loci involved in mitotic chromosome segregation. conditional lethal, heat-sensitive (42 degrees ) mutants were assayed at a subrestrictive temperature of 37 degrees for an inflated production of colonies displaying phenotypes and behavior patterns of whole chromosome aneuploids. of 14 mutants, three showed specificity for one disomic phenotype, whereas 11 generated colonies mosaic for different aneuploid phenotypes. this latter ...	1984	6479583
conversion of cassava starch to biomass, carbohydrates, and acids by aspergillus niger.	the filamentous fungus, aspergillus niger, efficiently converted cassava polysaccharides to mycelial mass, simple sugars, and acids during the course of its growth. a typical 70-ml culture broth containing 2% cassava polysaccharides yielded 0.38 g dry mycelial mass, 1.14 mmol reducing sugars, and 1.17 meq acids at the end of 42 h. about 70% of the initial total carbohydrate in the medium was degraded during the same period. the sugars and acids in the culture broths were analyzed by hplc on a si ...	1984	6490584
evaluation of an indirect hemagglutination inhibition technique for identifying antibody in animals experimentally and naturally exposed to fungi.	rabbits were exposed to aerosols containing spores of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, or of a penicillium sp. sera from these rabbits were tested by indirect hemagglutination (iha) and by iha inhibition. the serologic reactions with the rabbit sera were compared to reactions with sera from cattle naturally exposed to airborne microorganisms. by three months of age, most cattle had positive iha reactions to a. fumigatus and penicillium antigens. the iha inhibition te ...	1984	6493314
anthranilate hydroxylase from aspergillus niger: new type of nadph-linked nonheme iron monooxygenase.	anthranilate hydroxylase from aspergillus niger catalyzes the oxidative deamination and dihydroxylation of anthranilic acid to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid. this enzyme has been purified to homogeneity and has a molecular weight of 89,000. the enzyme is composed of two subunits of 42,000 with 2 gram-atoms of nonheme iron per mol. fe2+-chelators like alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl and o-phenanthroline are potent inhibitors of the enzyme activity. absorption and fluorescence spectra of the enzyme offer no ev ...	1984	6501219
isolation of pathogenic aspergillus species from commercially-prepared potting media.	twelve commercially-prepared potting soils were screened for the presence of pathogenic aspergillus species. pathogenic aspergillus species were isolated from 67% of the soils. a fumigatus was isolated from 42% and a. flavus and a. niger from 33%.	1984	6513995
necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis with oxalosis.		1984	6521752
enhancement of the in vitro activity of amphotericin b against aspergillus spp. by tetracycline analogs.	strains of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus niger were tested for in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin b alone and in combination with fixed concentrations of tetracycline, doxycycline, or minocycline, using buffered minimal essential medium in microtiter plates. enhanced inhibitory activity was seen, especially with combinations of amphotericin b and minocycline. synergistic activity between amphotericin b and minocycline was observed in each of five isolates of eac ...	1984	6524900
cationic degradation of streptomycin and kanamycin by aspergillus niger in broth cultures during fermentation in shake flasks.		1984	6533144
phytoalexin synthesis in soybean cells: elicitor induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mrnas and correlation with phytoalexin accumulation.	a glucan elicitor from cell walls of the fungus phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, a pathogen of soybean (glycine max), induced large and rapid increases in the activities of enzymes of general phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and of the flavonoid pathway, acetyl-coa carboxylase and chalcone synthase, in suspension-cultured soybean cells. the changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase activities were correlated with corresponding changes in the mrn ...	1984	6540068
biological activity of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid derivatives. ii. anilides with antimicrobial activity.	a series of 1,3 -bis-anilides of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid was prepared and tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity. the prepared compounds (i-xviii), of general structure (a), (formula: see text) where xn = h (i); 2-f (ii); 3-f (iii); 4-f (iv); 2-cl (v); 3-cl (vi); 4-cl (vii); 2-br (viii); 3-br (ix); 4-br (x); 2-j (xi); 3-j (xii); 4-j (xiii); 2,5-cl2 (xiv); 2,4-br2 (xv); 2,3,4-cl3 (xvi), 2,4,5-cl3 (xvii); 2,4,6-cl3 (xviii), were investigated for the purpose of determining the effect of ...	1984	6543319
a fungal polygalacturonase activating factor from tomato fruit.		1984	6545222
naphtho-gamma-pyrone production by aspergillus niger isolated from stored cottonseed.	aspergillus niger was found to be the predominant fungal contaminant of stored cottonseed. seven strains were isolated and grown on rice. the hexane-insoluble material from methylene chloride extracts of 2-week-old cultures contained components toxic to mice. based on high-pressure thin-layer and liquid chromatographic analyses, the major components in the mixture were eight different naphtho-gamma-pyrones. of these, the hydrated dimeric naphthopyrones aurasperones b and c occurred in higher yie ...	1984	6548104
heparin formation and mechanism of its action as growth promoter.	heparin was prepared and purified by two methods. rf value, elemental and chemical analyses of our isolate coincided with the clinically used heparin. heparin stimulated mitotic activities in escherichia coli b and aspergillus ochraceus. this was evident from the increase in dna, rna, and protein synthesis. the mechanism of growth stimulation by heparin probably takes place as follows: heparin associates with nuclear protein, releasing dna from dnp and thus stimulates dna synthesis. heparin was ...	1984	6202077
glucoamylases g1 and g2 from aspergillus niger are synthesized from two different but closely related mrnas.	by the use of glucoamylase-specific synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides and molecular cloning of cdna synthesized from aspergillus niger total poly(a) + rna, the primary structure of the glucoamylase g1 mrna was determined. glucoamylase g1 is synthesized as a precursor of 640 amino acid residues containing a putative signal peptide of 18 residues, a short propeptide of six residues and the 616 residues long mature enzyme. in vitro translations of mrna and immunoprecipitations with glucoamylase-s ...	1984	6203744
two different types of intervening sequences in the glucoamylase gene from aspergillus niger.	one single glucoamylase gene could be identified in the chromosomal dna of aspergillus niger by southern blot analysis. this glucoamylase gene was isolated from a genomic library of a. niger dna. the glucoamylase gene is situated on a 2.5-kb ecori-ecorv fragment and contains five intervening sequences in the coding region. one 169-bp intron is involved in differential mrna processing leading to the two different glucoamylase enzymes g1 and g2; the other four introns are all very small ranging fr ...	1984	6204865
monoclonal antibodies to mitochondrial f1-atpase and oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (oscp). tools for recognition of well conserved and essential antigenic sites.	the preparation of anti-oscp monoclonal antibodies is described for the first time. one of these antibodies prevents the activating effect of oscp in reconstitution experiments. these antibodies and antibodies previously obtained against the alpha- and beta-subunits of pig heart mitochondrial f1-atpase have been used to look for well conserved epitopes in various species. one anti-beta antibody can recognize all species tested while the anti-oscp antibodies only recognize the pig or beef enzyme. ...	1984	6206858
specificity of antigens from pathogenic aspergillus species. ii. studies with line immunoelectrophoresis.	somatic (mycelial) and metabolic (culture filtrate) antigens of aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. nidulans, a. niger and a. terreus were compared by line immunoelectrophoresis with sera from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) or aspergilloma, or from immunized animals. number of lines observed when tested with human sera were similar for somatic and metabolic preparations of a. fumigatus, but up to 33 lines were present when both types of antigens were tested simulta ...	1984	6209814
[compatibility and efficacy of meditonsin].	heavy metals, including mercury, have recently been in discussion in connection with ecology and therapy. as meditonsin represents a 0,004% solution of mercury cyanide the following were investigated: absorption, excretion, effect on the kidneys and the chemical behaviour of mercury cyanide and other mercury salts as well as the antimicrobial effectivity in in vitro tests. with the dose recommended for adults neither an increase of mercury ions nor an increased excretion of these could be detect ...	1984	6370812
interaction of aspergillus fumigatus spores and pulmonary alveolar macrophages of rabbits.	the in vitro and in vivo interaction of rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) and aspergillus fumigatus spores was studied. in vitro experiments showed that pam from normal rabbits failed to appreciably kill a. fumigatus spores in 4 hours, while a. flavus and a. niger spores were destroyed effectively. prior opsonization of the spores with normal rabbit serum, rabbit anti-a. fumigatus serum, complement or lung lavage fluid has no profound enhancing effect on the phagocytosis or killing of ...	1984	6370839
antigenic profile of some typical and septate phialide-strains of aspergillus fumigatus.	antigens from typical and septate phialide-strains of aspergillus fumigatus, a. fumigatus var. ellipticus, a. fischeri, a. flavus and a. niger were analysed by fused rocket and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. depsite strain-to-strain variations, isolates of the two morphological forms of a. fumigatus showed a close similarity in their antigenic profile; the percentage of qualitative sharing ranged between 80% and 100%. the number of antigens shared by the isolates of a. fumigatus var. ell ...	1984	6374936
in vitro activities of amphotericin b in combination with four antifungal agents and rifampin against aspergillus spp.	strains of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus niger were tested for in vitro susceptibility with a microtiter plate system in buffered yeast-nitrogen base and in buffered minimal essential medium. isolates were tested against amphotericin b, flucytosine, rifampin, ketoconazole, ici 153,066, and bay n 7133 and against combinations of amphotericin b with each of the other five drugs. combinations of amphotericin b and rifampin were the most active against all three species ...	1984	6329088
localized oxalosis associated with simultaneous aspergillus and mucor infection in diabetic foot gangrene.	a case of simultaneous aspergillosis and mucormycosis complicating diabetic foot gangrene is reported. the recognition of this combined opportunistic fungal infection was brought about by an initial finding of birefringent calcium oxalate crystals associated with a background of acute inflammatory exudate, which is considered a strong clue to the diagnosis of infection caused by aspergillus niger.	1984	6693115
aspergillus niger endocarditis complicating aortic tissue valve replacement.		1984	6695356
pulmonary oxalosis caused by aspergillus niger.	a case report involving a pleuropulmonary mixed bacterial infection in association with aspergillus niger is described. the patient responded to a combination of antibiotics, aerosolized and intravenously administered amphotericin b, and surgery. aspergillus niger appeared to be a secondary invader and caused lung damage by the production of oxalic acid.	1984	6703507
[biological activity of 4-hydroxy-5-formylbenzoic acid derivatives. ii. esters and schiff bases with antimicrobial activity].	a number of hitherto undescribed 4-hydroxy-5-formylbenzoic acid derivatives (a), have been prepared and characterized. (formula; see text) esters (x = ch3) and schiff's bases (z = n-aryl) were prepared by conventional methods and were obtained in satisfactory yield and in a good state of purity. the prepared compounds have been tested for "in vitro" activity against gram+ bacteria (s.epidermidis, b.subtilis, b.anthracis, m.paratuberculosis), gram- bacteria (p.aeruginosa, s.typhi murium, e.coli b ...	1984	6712814
pyruvate kinase from aspergillus niger: a regulatory enzyme in glycolysis?	pyruvate kinase from the filamentous, citric acid producing fungus aspergillus niger was purified about 100-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration. the addition of fructose-1,6-diphosphate was necessary to prevent loss of activity during purification. the enzyme purified in the presence of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (fdp) exhibits hyperbolic kinetics with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) and adp. monovalent cations activated the enzyme (k+, nh ...	1984	6713301
antimicrobial effects of esters and amides of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid.	the effect of 18 newly synthesized esters and amides of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid on bacteria (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus), yeasts (saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans), molds (aspergillus niger, penicillium cyclopium, rhizopus oryzae) and algae (chlorella pyrenoidosa, euglena gracilis, scenedesmus obliquus) was investigated. the mic values revealed antimycotic, antialgal and antibacterial activity of the studied derivatives. the antimycotic activity was found to decrea ...	1984	6714854
in vitro activities of two new antifungal azoles.	the antifungal activities of equimolar quantities of three azole compounds, bay n 7133 [1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methylbutan-2-o1], bay 1 19139 [1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1-imidazolyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol hydrochloride], and ketoconazole, were compared by testing the susceptibility in vitro of 10 clinical isolates each of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, torulopsis glabrata, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavu ...	1984	6721465
morphological anomalies induced by congo red in aspergillus niger.	aspergillus niger germ tubes were exposed for 6 h to 0.15 mg/ml of congo red, a stain which prevents chitin microfibril assembly. the most evident alterations, detected under ultraviolet light and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, concerned the hyphal tips which burst or, most frequently, expanded into bulges. in the latter structures, new hyphal tips appeared which, after giving rise to more or less developed hyphae, were themselves converted into new bulges. therefore, segments ...	1984	6721628
composition of the fungal flora of four cereal grains in saudi arabia.	using the grain-plate method and on glucose- czapek 's agar at 28 degrees c, fifty-eight species belonging to 26 genera were collected from barley (42 species and 19 genera), maize (29 species and 16 genera), sorghum (32 species and 17 genera) and wheat grains (42 species and 18 genera). the most frequent genera were aspergillus, penicillium, rhizopus, fusarium, and mucor followed by alternaria, drechslera , and curvularia. from the preceding genera aspergillus flavus, a. niger, penicillium nota ...	1984	6727980
structural studies on the o-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains of glucoamylase g1 from aspergillus niger.	glucoamylase g1 from aspergillus niger contains an unusual type of carbohydrate-protein linkage, involving mannose o-glycosidically linked to serine and threonine. the majority of the neutral oligosaccharides of glucoamylase g1 are located in a region of about 70 amino acid residues which carries about 35 oligosaccharide units [(1983) carlsberg res. commun. 48, 517-527]. structural analysis was performed on the o-linked carbohydrates of a tryptic fragment from glucoamylase g1 comprising the segm ...	1984	6439561
enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose in a hollow-fiber reactor.		1984	6441497
enzyme stability and glucose inhibition in cellulose saccharification.		1984	6441501
[fatty acid composition of the lipids in fungi of the genus aspergillus developing on mineral media with different carbon sources].	this work was aimed at studying the effect of different carbon sources in the composition of mineral media on the growth of fungi belonging to the aspergillus genus and on the fatty acid composition of their lipids. a chemically-defined medium with glucose was shown to be optimal for the growth of 18 aspergillus strains and for the synthesis of lipids by them. the fatty acid composition of lipids was studied when the fungi grew in media with different carbon sources. the lipids were shown to con ...	1984	6442390
releasing of intracellular glucoamylase from aspergillus niger.	a method is presented for the release of glucoamylase (alpha-d-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase, e. c. 3,2,1, 3) from mycelia of aspergillus niger. the process involves (a) suspension of mycelia at the stationary phase in water, and (b) homogenization and agitation of the suspension. the released intracellular enzyme is further purified by deae-cellulose.	1984	6442427
[otomycosis: etiology and analysis of predisposing factors].	an otomycosis was found in 80 cases of external otitis on a total of 132. itching was the characteristic beginning, rapidly followed by pain, conductive hearing loss, tympanic perforation. aspergillus was isolated in 81.7% of cases: in particular, a. niger in 67.1% of cases. a. flavus in 13.4% a. fumigatus in 1.2%. candida albicans was isolated in 11% of cases. a statistical analysis based on chi 2 test was performed to evaluate the role of possible predisposing factors. highly significant facto ...	1984	6442867
recovery of native proteins from preparative electrophoresis gel slices by reverse polarity elution.	a technique for high yield recovery of native, biologically active proteins from preparative polyacrylamide gel slices by reverse polarity elution is described. no apparatus other than the standard slab gel electrophoresis system is required. several proteins have been recovered in biologically active form at a 90% yield, in quantities ranging from 0.4 mg to 4.2 mg. the method is effective with both small (9,000 dalton) and large (186,000 dalton) polypeptides. both simple and complex proteins ar ...	1984	6091091
antifungal properties of 2-n-alkyn-1-ols.	fourteen 2-n-alkynols (c3-c14, c16, and c18) were tested against aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, and myrothecium verrucaria in sabouraud dextrose agar at ph 5.6 and 7.0. toxicity to candida albicans, candida tropicalis, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and mucor mucedo was determined in the same medium at ph 5.6 and 7.0 in the absence and presence of 10% beef serum. fungitoxicity was strongly influenced by chain length, slightly by the ph of the medium, and significantly b ...	1984	6098642
oxidation of anionic nitroalkanes by flavoenzymes, and participation of superoxide anion in the catalysis.	the reactivities of anionic nitroalkanes with 2-nitropropane dioxygenase of hansenula mrakii, glucose oxidase of aspergillus niger, and mammalian d-amino acid oxidase have been compared kinetically. 2-nitropropane dioxygenase is 1200 and 4800 times more active with anionic 2-nitropropane than d-amino acid oxidase and glucose oxidase, respectively. the apparent km values for anionic 2-nitropropane are as follows: 2-nitropropane dioxygenase, 1.61 mm; glucose oxidase, 16.7 mm; and d-amino acid oxid ...	1984	6149727
kinetics of formation of maltose and isomaltose through condensation of glucose by glucoamylase.	a kinetic model was devised for the hydrolysis and synthesis of maltose and isomaltose by two glucoamylases from rhizopus niveus and aspergillus niger, and the validity of the model was verified experimentally at 313 k and ph 5.0. for both enzymes, the formations of maltose and isomaltose from glucose were parallel reversible reactions, and glucosyl transfer between maltose and isomaltose was not observed. the enzymes catalyzed rapid hydrolysis and synthesis of maltose. isomaltose was hydrolyzed ...	1984	18551697
effect of dilution on carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase assays.	it has been demonstrated that the dilution of samples prior to the carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase assays causes serious discrepancies in the numerical values obtained for the enzyme activities. even when the sample is assayed with the identical procedure, one could obtain different numerical values of the enzyme activity u depending on how much this sample has been diluted before the enzyme assay. two crude commercial cellulase samples of aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride as well as ...	1984	18553487
pretreatment of indian cane molasses for increased production of citric acid.	surface culture citric acid fermentation was carried out by aspergillus niger t55, a strain isolated from its natural source, using cane molasses, either untreated or treated by various methods. citric acid biosynthesis is seriously impaired by both organic and inorganic inhibitors. a combined treatment of molasses with tricalcium phosphate, hydrochloric acid, and sephadex fractionation minimizes the level of inorganic and organic inhibitors in molasses and increases the production of citric aci ...	1984	18553534
dried calcium alginate/magnetite spheres: a new support for chromatographic separations and enzyme immobilization.	dried spheres made from an alginate solution containing magnetite particles have excellent potential as a support for enzyme immobilization and chromatographic applications. the beads were found to be much stronger than gels such as polyacrylamide and dextran, indicating that high flow rates and pressures could be used in column separations. the support withstood not only temperatures of up to 120 degrees c, but also most ph values and common solvents. while some solutions, such as phosphate buf ...	1985	18553648